राष्ट्रीय स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में बिहार की नारी का योगदान

Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9(A)| September 2025 144 . ( ) . . . ., [email protected] Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-170929 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 9(A) Pp. 144-146 September 2025 Submitted:23 Aug. 2025 Revised: 4 Aug. 2025 Accepted: 21 Sept. 2025 Published: 30 Sept. 2025 'kks/k lkjka’k Ekfgyk,a ns’k esa vk/kh vkcknh dk usr`Ro djrh gSA efgykvksa ds ;ksxnku dks foLe`r dj Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dks fy[kk tkuk laHko ugha gSA izkxSfrgkfld dky ls efgyk,a iq:"kksa dk lg;ksx djrh vk jgh gSaA izkjHk esa efgykvksa dks viuh egÙkk dk vglkl ugha FkhA fdUrq ns’k esa tc lkekftd iqutkZxj.k ls izxfr’khy tksM+ idM+us yxh rc efgykvksa us viuh egÙkk dks igpkuuk 'kq: fd;kA dbZ ys[kdksa us Hkh vius ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks ;g ,glkl fnyk;k fd og lkgl rFkk 'kkS;Z esa iq:"kksa ds leku gSA rFkk izzR;sd og dk;Z djus es l{keg S] ftls iq:"k djrs vk jgs gSaA bl lEcaU/k esa lqHknzk dqekjh pkSgku dk dFku izklafxd gSa& [kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks >k¡lh okyh jkuh FkhAÞ fofHk= izdkj dh xqykfe;ksa ls eqfä gsrq lfn;ksa ls iz;kl gksrs jgs gSa ftuesa efgykvksa us Hkh [kqy dj iq:"kksa dk lkFk fn;kA vkSifuosf’kd O;oLFkk ds fojks/k esa Hkkjr esa tc Lok/khurk laxzke izkjEHk gqvk rks mlesa fcgkj dh efgykvksa us Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA efgykvksa dh egÙkk ds lUnHkZ esa ykfeZVu dk dFku gS fd ÞlEiw.kZ egku dk;Z ds izkjEHk esa fdlh u fdlh L=h dk gkFk jgk gSaAÞ Hkkjrh; Lora=rk ds bfrgkl esa ekr`Ro 'kfä dh Hkwfedk dks dHkh ugha Hkqyk;k tk ldrkA ftUgksaus bl HkO; Hkkjr efUnj ds fuekZ.k esa uhao ds iRFkj dk dk;Z fd;kA : %& lR;xzg] ekr`’kfä] Lok/khurk] vkanksyu] vihy] cfg"dkj] izsj.kk] vktknhA Hkwfedk %& Xkk¡/khth us viuk izFke lR;kxzg nf{k.k vÝhdk esa 'kq: fd;k FkkA tgk¡ muds vkn'kksZa ls izHkkfor gksdj efgykvksa us lR;kxzg esa mudk lkFk fn;kA 1915 bZesa tc xk¡/kh dk Hkkjr vkxeu gqvk rks jktdqekj 'kqYd us xk¡/kh th dk /;ku fcgkj fLFkr pEikj.k ds uhy fdlkuksa dh vksj vkd`"V djk;kA uhy fdlkuksa ds leFkZu esa xk¡/khth us Hkkjr esa viuk igyk lR;kxzg izkjEHk fd;kA xk¡/khth ds lR;kxzg ds dkj.k uhy dkj.k uhy fdlkuksa dh LkeL;k dk dkQh gn rd var gqvkA xk¡/kh th }kjk fd;s x, bl vfgalj lR;kxzg ds QyLo:Ik vaxzstksa }kjk mudh dqN ekaxksa dks eku fy;s tkus dk fcgkj dh efgykvksa ds lkFk lEiw.kZ turk esa ldkjkRed lans’k igq¡pk vkSj mudk eukscy c<+kA D;ksafd izFke ckj gqvk fd vaxzstksa us Hkkjrh;ksa dh ckrksa dks eku fy;k FkkA xk¡/khth us tc xqtjkr ds ckjnkSyh esa lR;kxzg fd;k rks efgykvksa dk Hkh leFkZu feykA xk¡/kh th us Hkkjr esa lR;kxzg vkanksyu ds Øe esa ekr`&’kfä dk vkâoku djrs gq, muds uke ls ls ,d [kqyh fpÎh fy[kh rFkk muls fons’kh oL= ,oa u’khys inkFkksZa dk cfg"dkj dj muls Lora=rk laxzke esa lgk;rk nsus dh vihy dhA rkfd fons’kh oLrqvksa dk cfg"dkj dj Lons’kh gLr&fufeZr oLrqvksa ds mRiknu dks c<+kok fn;k tk ldsA vU; jpukRed dk;ksZa ds lkFk efgyk,¡ viuk cpk le; yxk dj cgqr lgk;rk dj ldrh FkhA xk¡/kh th us dgk fd Þfons’kh oL= foØsrkvksa rFkk Øsrkvksa ,oa 'kjkc ihusokyksa ,oa cspusokyksa ls mudh vihy mudk àn; fi?kyk, fcuk ugha dj jg ldrh FkhAÞ mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk fd ;g vlEHko ugha fd bl flyflys esa mUgsa viekfur fd;k tk,! fdUrq ,slk vieku lguk Hkh muds fy, xkSjo dh ckr gksxhA fdUrq ,slh fLFkfr vkus Ikj ns’k dh vfxz ijh{kk tYnh [kRe gksxhA Xkk¡/kh th ds vfgald vkanksyu dks pEikj.k esa ns[k pqdha fcgkj dh efgykvksa ij xk¡/kh dh vihy dk ldkjkRed izHkko iM+kA rFkk mUgksaus vihy ds vÌsutj iVUkk esa fons’kh oL=ksa cfg"dkj fd;kA iVUkk esa fons’kh oL=ksa ds cfg"dkj dh lQyrk dk Js; efgykvksa dks fn;k tkrk gSA foa/;okluh nsoh rFkk Jhefr glub eke ds usr`Ro esa vusd efgykvksa us iVUk esa fons’kh OkL=ksa ds nqdkuksa ds lkeus /kjuk izn’kZu dks lQy cuk;kA rFkk nqdkunkjksa ls fons’kh oL= dk O;ikj ugha djus dh vihy dhA Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI: Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence: . , ( ) . . . ., How to cite this article: , (2025). Journal of Research & Development, 17( 9), 144-146. Original Article Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9(A)| September 2025 145 efgykvksa ds Økafrdkjh :Ik dks ns[k dj iVUkk esa inLFkkfir rRdkyhu eftLVªsV us efgykvksa ls eqdkcyk djus gsrq ^efgyk iqfyl^ fu;qDr djus dk lq>ko fn;kA ;|fi ;g lq>ko rRdkyhu ftykf/kdkjh ,oa vk;qDr dks O;ogkfjd izrhr ugha gqvkA efgykvksa dk vnE; lkgl uke vkanksyu ds nkSjku Hkh ns[kus dks feyk tc 'kkgkckn ftys ds Jh jke cgknqj ckj&,V&yk dh iRuh us lgljke Fkkus ds le{k ued] cuk dj ued dkuwu dk vYYka?ku fd;kA xk¡/kh th ds usr`Ro rFkk vihy dk izHkko lEiw.kZ fcgkj dh efgykvksa ij fn[kus yxk FkkA ns’kca/kq dks"k gsrq tc xk¡/khth us fcgkj dk Hkze.k fd;k rks efgykvksa us vius vkHkw"k.k rd nku esa ns fg,A ns’kcU/kq dks"k ds dk;Z esa xk¡/khth dks t;izdk’k ukjk;.k dh iRuh izHkkorh nsoh dk egRoiw.kZ lg;ksx feykA efgykvksa esa tkxj.k ds lUnHkZ esa tuojh] 1929 ehy dk iRFkj fl) gqvkA tc iVUk esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; efgyk lEesyu dk vf/kos’ku gqvkA bl vf/kos’ku esa fcgkj dh efgykvksa dks ns’k ds fofHk= Hkkxks ls vkbZ efgykvksa ls feyus] muds fopkjksa dks tkuus rFkk efgyk lekt esa O;kIr lhekvksa dks nwj djus ds rjhdksa Ikj fopkj djus ds lkFk ns’k dh Lora=rk gsrq lkFkZd igy ij vkilh laokn fd;kA fcgkj esa lEesyu dh ,d 'kk[kk dh uhao j[kh xbZA ftldk ,d vf/kos’ku 17 fnLkEcj] 1929 dks gqvkA ftlesa 'kkjnk ,DV ds leFkZu rFkk inkZ izFkk ,oa ngst izFkk tSlh cqjkbZ;ksa ds fojks/k esa izLrko Lohd`r gqvkA fcgkj dh vusd efgykvksa us bfrgkl esa viuh vfeV Nki NksM+h mUgksaus vius dk;ksZa ls u flQZ L=h oxZ dks tkx`r djus dk iz;kl fd;k cfYd vius izk.kksa dh fpUrk u dj LorU=rk vkanksyu esa c<+&p<+ dj fgLlk fd;kA bu lkglh efgykvksa esa MkWjktsUnz izlkn dh cgu Hkxorh nsoh] mudh iRuh jktoa’kh nsoh] t;izdk’k ukjk;.k dh iRuh Jhefr izHkkorh nsoh] Jhefr foU/k;okfluh nsoh] Jhefr] glub eke] Jherh jke nqykjh flUgk] yky cgknqj 'kkL=h dh cgu ,oa 'kaHkq 'kj.k oekZ dh iRuh Jhefr lqUnjh nsoh] Jhefr ljLorh nsoh] Jhefr fiz;oank nsoh rFkk Jherh Hkokuh eYgks=k vkfn uke izeq[k gSaA 1857 dh ØkafUr dks Hkkjr dk izFke Lora=rk laxzke ekuk tkrk gSA ftlesa fcgkj ds ckcw dqaoj flag us egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhA ckcw dqacj flag us tc vaxzstksa ds fo:) lsuk dk usr`Ro fd;k rks bl laxzke esa xqIr :Ik esa dbZ efgykvksa us dqaoj flag dh lgk;rk dhA ftuesa vkjk {ks= dh djeu ckbZ] /kjeu ckbZ rFkk urZdh xqykch vkfn izeq[k gSaA urZdh] xqykch dqaoj flag dks cpkus ds iz;kl 'kghn gks x;hA ftldh Le`fr esa dqaoj flag us vkjk esa ,d efLTkn dk fuekZ.k djok;kA Xkk¡/kh efgykvksa dh 'kfä dks igpkurs FksA bls os nf{k.k vÝhdk esa ns[k Hkh pqds FksA vr% igyh ckj 1917 bZesa izFke ckj fcgkj vkxeu ij mUgksaus lHkh yksxksa ls Lok/khurk vkanksyu ls tqM+us dh vihy dhA xk¡/khth dk ekuuk Fkk fd LojkT; dh fot; esa ns’k dh fL=;ksa dk mruk gh fgLlk gksuk pkfg, ftruk iq:"kkas dkA 'kq) Hkkouk ls fL=;ksa dk;Z dj igkM+ksa dks Hkh fgyk ns ldrh gSaaA rFkk vkanksyu ds nkSjku tc iq:"k tsy tk;sxs rks efgyk,¡ muds dk;ksZa dks lEikfnr dj ldsaxhA lkFk gh yksxksa dks le>kus&cq>kus dk dk;Z iq:"kksa dh vis{kk efgyk,a dq’kyrkiwoZd dj ldrh gSa] D;ksafd muesa vfgalk dh izo`fr vf/kd gSA xk¡/khth us tc vkanksyu dks vfgalkRed :Ik fn;k rks efgykvksa us buesa vPNh Hkkxhnkjh fuHkk;hA ekr`’kfä fuHkhZdrk iwoZd gj izdkj ds lkoZtfud dk;ZØeksa esa fgLlk ysrha] jk"Vªh; usrkvksa ds vkxeu ij lHkk] lEesyuksa esa mudk lkFk nsrh rFkk muds vihy ij yM+kbZ ds eSnku esa dwn iM+us ds fy, gj le; rS;kj jgrh FkhaA Xkk¡/kh th efgykvksa dh Lora=rk ds i{k/kj FksA vr% mUgksaus efgykvksa ds uke ernkrk lwph es ntZ djkus] mUgsa O;ogkfjd f’k{kk nsus] mUgsa tkr&ikr ds tathjksa ls NqM+kus rFkk ekr`’kfä dks vkxs c<+kus ij tksj fn;kA fcgkj dh efgykvksa dh jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk ds le; ls gh 'kq: gks x;h FkhA fdUrq efgykvksa dk vuqikr izkjafHkd voLFkk eas U;wure FkkA vFkkZr os jktuhfr esa dksbZ egRoiw.kZ lfØ; ;ksxnku ugha djrh FkhaA ;|fi 1889 esa fcgkj {ks= ls LojkT; dqekjh nsoh rFkk dknfEcuh xkaxqyh ds lkFk 10 efgykvksa us cEcbZ dkaxzsl esa Hkkx fy;k FkkA Xkk¡/kh th ds O;fäRo rFkk vfgald vkanksyu ls izHkkfor fcgkj dh efgykvksa us vFkd iz;kl fd,A ftuesa ljyk nsoh pkS/kjh izeq[k FkhaA mUgksaus u flQZ dkaxzsl laxBu gsrq dk;Z fd;k cfYd 1921 bZesa fczfV’k jktdqekj ds Hkkjr vkxeu ds Øe esa fd, tkusokyk Lokxr lekjksgkas dk fojks/k Hkh fd;kA Qyr% fczfV’k jktdqekj ds iVuk vkxeu ij 'kgj esa gM+rky j[kk x;kA jktdqekj ds Hkkjr vkxeu ds fojks/kLo:Ik dbZ odhy dpgjh ugha x,A tks efgyk,a ns’k dh ,drk rFk vaxzsth lÙkk ds egÙo dks le>rh Fkha os vU; efgykvksa dks tkx:d djus dk dk;Z djrh FkhaA ,slh efgykvksa esa lkfo=h nsoh rFkk mfeZyk nsoh izeq[k FkhaA lkfo=h nsoh dk rhu eghus dSn esa Hkh fcrkus iM+s FksA fcgkj dh efgykvksa us fofHk= laxBu esa Hkh viuh egRoiw.kZ Hkkxhnkjh fuHkkbZ rFkk efgykvksa dks jk"Vªh; vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysus gsrq izsfjr Hkh fd;kA fcgkj izkUrh; dkaxzsl dh dks"kk/;{k rFkk dkSeh lsuk ny dh v/;{k Hkkxyiqj {ks= dh yhyk flag us izkIr dh efgykvksa dks dkaxzsl ds lkaxBfud dk;ksZa ls tksM+us dk Ikz;kl fd;kA Qyr% dkaxzsl ds vgenkckn lEesyu esa fcgkj dh Jherh ykyk nkSyr jke] gjefr nsoh] tkudh nsoh] xqykcks nsoh rFkk yhyk flag tSlh lkglh efgykvksa us Hkkx fy;kA dkaxzsl laxBu gsrq dk;Z djus ds fy, Jherh d`".kk dqekjh nsoh us fofHk= LFkkuksa dk nkSjk fd;kA rkfd laxBu dks etcwr fd;k tk ldsA bu LFkkuksa esa ck<+ rFkk csxwljk; vkfn izeq[k gSaaA vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa fgUnw&eqfLye ifjokj dh efgyk,¡] 'kgjh xzkeh.k {ks= dh efgyk,a LkHkh vkxs c<+ dj vaxzstksa ds fo:) dk;ZØeksa esa Hkkx ys jgh FkhA Hkkjr esa tc lg;ksx vkanksyu izkjaHk gqvk rks blesa fcgkj izns’k ds yksxksa us Hkh vkanksyu esa c<+&p<+ dj fgLlk fy;kA vlg;ksx vkanksyu esa fcgkj dh efgyk,a ;Fkk Jhefr lquhfr nsoh] Jherh jkel[kh nsoh ?kVkjksa] Jherh foUnk nsoh] Jherh lhrk nsoh rFkk Jherh lR;Hkk"kk nsoh us ?kj ls fudj dj iq:"kkssa ds lkFk vkanksyu esa lfØ;rk fn[kkbZA dqN efgykvksa dks vkanksyu ds nkSjku tsy Hkh tkuk IkM+kA mu efgykvksa ds tsy ls okil vkus ij xka/khth us Lo;a vkdj muls eqykdkr dh Fkh Adkaxzsl esa dk;Z djusokyh efgykvksa esa Jherh foU/kokfluh nsoh] ek/kqjh nsoh rFkk mfeZyk nsoh izeq[k uke gSaA foU/;okfluh nsoh x;k dkaxzsl esa Lo;alsfodk ny laxfBr dj viuh n{krk dk ifjp; nsrs gq, usr`Ro fd;k FkkA dqN efgyk,a vius ifr;ksa ds lkFk dkaxzsl ds vf/kos’ku esa tkrh jgh] tSls&Jherh jke>jh nsoh us vius ifr egsUnz flag lkFK 1926 ds xkSgkVh vf/kos’ku] 1929 ds ykgkSj dkaxzsl] 1931 ds djkaph vf/kos’ku rFkk 1934 ds cEcbZ lEesyu esa Hkkx fy;k Fkk ,oa nhi ukjk;.k flag dh iRuh yhyk flag vius ifr ds lkFk lfØ; ;ksxnku ns jgh FkhaA Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9(A)| September 2025 146 dkaxzsl ds vf/kos’kuksa esa Hkkx ysus ls fcgkj dh efgykvksa dk ns’k ds vU; Hkkxksa esa jgus okyh efgykvksa ls feyus] muds fopkjksa dks tkuus rFkk lekt esa izpfyr dqizFkkvksa dks nwj djus ds lEca/k esa foPkkj&foe’kZ gqvkA Qyr% mUgksaus 'kkjnk ,DV dk leFkZu rFkk ngst izFkk dk fojks/k fd;kA efgykvksa }kjk bl izdkj fofHk= laxBuksa rFkk lEesyuksa esa Hkkx ysus ls vktknh ds la?k"kZ esa rhozrk vk;h rFkk dkaxzsl dk vk/kkj Hkh vf/kd etcwr gksus yxkA bl lanHkZ esa Jherh pUnzkorh nsoh dk uke mYys[kuh; gS ftUgsa csfr;k esa LFkkuh; dkaxzsl dfefV dk milHkkifr pquk x;kA o"kZ 1930 esa tc xka/khth dks fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k rks bl ?kVuk dk fojks/k yxHkx lewps Hkkjr esa gqvkA fcgkj esa Hkh xka/khth dh fxj¶rkjh dk O;kid vlj iM+kA fcgkj izns’k dkaxzsl dfefV ds vkokgu ij fcgkj esa txg&txg fons’kh oL=ksa rFkk 'kjkc dh nqdkuksa ij /kjuk fn;kA fons’kh oL= ds fojks/k rFkk 'kjkc dh nqdkuksa ds le{k /kjus esa fcgkj ds efgykvksa dh vxz.kh Hkwfedk jghA fcgkj esa lHkkvksa ds vk;kstu rFkk gM+rky ds lkFk&lkFk vnkyrh dk;ksZa dk Hkh cfg"dkj fd;k x;kA fu"d"kZ %& fcgkj esa Lora=rk la?k"kZ dk yEck bfrgkl jgk gSA vkSifuosf’kd lÙkk ds fo:) tc Hkh vkokt cqyan gqbZ rks fcgkj ds yksx vxzih iafä ds [kM+s gq,A fdUrq ;g iafä rc vkSj l’kDr gks xbZ] tc buesa ekr`’kfDr dh lfØ; Hkwfedk gks xbZA fcgkj dk ;g lkSHkkX; Fkk fd xka/khth us Hkkjr esa viuk izFke lR;kxzg fcgkj izkUr dh Hkwfe ij fd;kA xka/khth dk ;g lR;kxzg efgykvksa gsrq izsjkkLkzksr cukA vkSj bl izsj.kk dks vkSj cy feyk tc Hkkjr esa xka/khoknh vkanksyu fofHk= eqÌksa dks ysdj vkxs c<+kA vaxzstksa dk fojks/k tSls&tSls c<+rk x;k oSls&oSls ns’k dh vktknh ds fy, efgykvksa dk lkgl Hkh c<+rk x;kA Qyr% ns’k dks vktkn gksus rd efgyk,¡ bl ekspZ ij MVh jgh vkSj varr% 15 vxLr 1947 dks Hkkjr LorU= gqvk ftlesa fcgkj ds efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk egRoiw.kZ jgh A lanHkZ lwph %& 1Dqekj vejsUnz] %& Lok/khurk laxzke eas fcgkj dh efgyk,a] fgUnqLrku] fnukad 15&08&1997] i`.17 2Okgh i`. 23 3Okgh i`. 28 4fcgkj dh efgyk,a] %& lf’koiwtu lgk;] i`.&332 5ogh i`. 204 6o.kZokyk] egs’k dqekj] %& Hkkjrh MkW . ';ke ewfrZ] fcgkj ,d lexz v/;;u ¼2019½] dkWlekWl ifCyds’ku] fnYYkh 7nÙk] ds. ds.] fcgkj esa LokraU= vkanksyu dk bfrgkl] [k.M&3 i`. 33 8ogh i`. 48 9- >k] fnxEcj ¼iz-la-½ %& 1971] fcgkj dk [kknh vkanksyu vkSj mldk fodkl] i`. 32 10lyksuk ';ke] %& fcgkj lexz] dschlh uSuks ifCyds’ku izkbosV fyfeVsM] fnYYkh] i`. 25