THE DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF CLOUD TECHNOLOGY

International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 11. Issue 12 November 2025 1 THE DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF CLOUD TECHNOLOGY Tojiboeva Sevinch Zafar kizi Tashkent State University of Law 1st year student of the Faculty of Criminal Justice Email: [email protected] Abstract. Cloud technologies have become the cornerstone of today's digital economy and have radically transformed the processes of data storage, processing, and delivery. This article details the formation of cloud technologies, stages of their development, and their impact on the field of information technology. First, the history of the cloud computing concept and its initial applications are analyzed. It also highlights the gradual evolution of infrastructure (IaaS), platform (PaaS), and software (SaaS) models in the process of technological development. The article provides comprehensive information about the technical capabilities of cloud technologies, security issues, and their role in the modern digital economy. The final section presents a detailed analysis of this technology's advantages and disadvantages, the expected positive outcomes of widespread implementation of large data centers in Uzbekistan, obstacles to this implementation, and the future prospects of these technologies. A comprehensive conclusion summarizes these points. Keywords: Cloud technologies, IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, digital economy, information technology, development stages, artificial intelligence. BULUTLI TEXNOLOGIYALARNING RIVOJLANISH BOSQICHLARI Tojiboyeva Sevinch Zafar qizi Toshkent davlat yuridik universiteti Jinoiy odil sudlov fakulteti 1-bosqich talabasi Annotatsiya. Bulutli texnologiyalar bugungi raqamli iqtisodiyotning asosiy tayanchiga aylandi va shuningdek, ma’lumotlarni saqlash, qayta ishlash hamda yetkazib berish jarayonlarini tubdan o‘zgartirib yubordi. Ushbu maqolada bulutli texnologiyalarning International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 11. Issue 12 November 2025 2 shakllanishi, rivojlanish bosqichlari va ularning axborot texnologiyalari sohasiga ta’siri batafsil yoritilgan. Avvalo, bulutli hisoblash tushunchasining kelib chiqish tarixi va dastlabki qo‘llanish holatlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, texnologiyaning rivojlanish jarayonida infratuzilma (IaaS), platforma (PaaS) va dasturiy ta’minot (SaaS) modellarining bosqichma-bosqich shakllangani yoritib beriladi. Maqolada bulutli texnologiyalarning texnik imkoniyatlari, xavfsizlik masalalari va zamonaviy raqamli iqtisodiyotda tutgan o‘rni haqida bir qator ma’lumot beriladi. Yakuniy qismda esa ushbu texnologiyaning afzallik va kamchiliklari, Katta hajmdagi ma’lumotlar markazlarini (data centre) O‘zbekiston hududida keng joriy etilishidan kutiladigan ijobiy oqibatlar va buni amalga oshirishdagi to‘siqlar va shuningdek, ushbu texnologiyalarning kelajakdagi istiqboli haqida umumlashtiruvchi xulosa beriladi va batafsil tahlil etiladi. Kalit so‘zlar: Bulutli texnologiyalar, IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, raqamli iqtisodiyot, axborot texnologiyalari, rivojlanish bosqichlari, sun’iy intellekt. ЭТАПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ОБЛАЧНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ Тожибоева Севинч Зафар кизи Ташкентский государственный юридический университет Студент 1-го курса факультета уголовного правосудия Аннотация: Облачные технологии стали основной опорой современной цифровой экономики и коренным образом изменили процессы хранения, обработки и передачи данных. В данной статье подробно рассматриваются становление и этапы развития облачных технологий, а также их влияние на сферу информационных технологий. Прежде всего, анализируется история возникновения понятия облачных вычислений и случаи его первоначального применения. Также освещается поэтапное формирование моделей инфраструктуры как услуги (IaaS), платформы как услуги (PaaS) и программного обеспечения как услуги (SaaS) в процессе International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 11. Issue 12 November 2025 3 развития технологии. В статье представлена информация о технических возможностях облачных технологий, вопросах безопасности и их роли в современной цифровой экономике. В заключительной части приводится и подробно анализируется обобщающий вывод о преимуществах и недостатках этой технологии, положительных последствиях, ожидаемых от широкого внедрения центров обработки больших данных (data centre) на территории Узбекистана, препятствиях на пути их реализации, а также о будущих перспективах этих технологий. Ключевые слова: Облачные технологии, IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, цифровая экономика, информационные технологии, этапы развития, искусственный интеллект. Introduction In the modern era, information technologies are rapidly developing and penetrating various aspects of human life and society. Especially in recent decades, cloud technologies have gained great importance in society and today's digital economy. So, what are cloud technologies? What do we mean by cloud technologies? Cloud Computing refers to the infrastructure that enables storing, processing, and using data over the Internet. 1 To put it simply, while previously programs or data were stored only on the computer itself, now they are stored on cloud servers. Users now have access to this data at any time, from any place, and from any device. 2 As a result, these technologies have become one of the most significant technological achievements of the 21st century and an integral part of today's digital economy. If we look at the history of the emergence of cloud technologies, this idea primarily dates back to the 1960s. In the 1960s, computer networks had a time-sharing 1 Mell, P., & Grance, T. (2011). The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2 Buyya, R., Vecchiola, C., & Selvi, S. T. (2013). Mastering Cloud Computing. McGraw Hill. International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 11. Issue 12 November 2025 4 system that allowed multiple users to connect to the central computer simultaneously and utilize resources. IBM and AT&T companies conducted initial experiments in this field. 3 It was through this system that the idea of these cloud technologies emerged. After the Internet became widely popular in the 1990s, this technology entered real-world practice. In the 2000s, major companies like Amazon, Google, and Microsoft launched their first cloud platforms. 4 Today, cloud technologies are primarily based on models such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). 5 These technologies are not only widely used to increase efficiency in education, healthcare, business, public administration, banking systems, and scientific research, but they are also being extensively utilized in these fields. Furthermore, cloud technologies not only optimize existing infrastructure but also, by integrating with artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things (IoT), are taking the digital economy to a new level. 6 Moreover, cloud technologies are now viewed not only as a means of improving service quality but also as a factor of competitiveness. For instance, according to the World Economic Forum (WEF), by 2030, more than 60 percent of the global digital economy is expected to be based on cloud technologies. 7 This means that countries that implement these technologies early will gain advantages not only technically but also economically. From this perspective, the early implementation of cloud solutions in Uzbekistan's national digital infrastructure provides a strategic advantage. Additionally, the implementation of these technologies in Uzbekistan can contribute to the development of the digital economy, the automation of public services, and the improvement of service quality in education and healthcare sectors. Therefore, scientific study of this topic, analysis of 3 Parkhill, D. F. (1966). The Challenge of the Computer Utility. Addison-Wesley. 4 Armbrust, M. et al. (2010). A View of Cloud Computing. Communications of the ACM. 5 Amazon Web Services. https://aws.amazon.com 6 Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). https://aws.amazon.com 7 World Economic Forum (2022). A digital silver bullet for the world: How digitalization can accelerate growth and inclusion International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 11. Issue 12 November 2025 5 development stages, and the development of strategic directions aligned with the national infrastructure are of crucial importance. 2. Methods In this article, several scientific and methodological approaches were employed to analyze the developmental stages of cloud technologies. The research process was organized in phases, utilizing data collection and literature analysis, statistical and historical analyses, comparative analysis, as well as cross-checking as the primary methods. Initially, data collection and literature analysis were conducted. During this phase, scientific articles on the history of cloud technologies, reports from international IT companies, analytical articles on technological advancements, and internet sources were examined. Since the concept of "Cloud Computing" became widespread and extensively applied in the 2000s, the main focus was directed towards sources from that period onward. Specifically, the developmental history of major platforms such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, and others was analyzed. 8 Additionally, scientific articles sourced from academic databases (Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and ResearchGate) were used to systematically illuminate the processes of technological development. In the second stage of the research methodology, statistical and historical analysis methods were employed. Statistical analysis was used to examine annual changes in the number of users, the size of service markets, and the scale of expansion of this technology. Such data were obtained from open sources, including reports by Statista, Gartner, and Deloitte companies. 9 Historical analysis helped identify the stages of technology 8 Amazon Web Services. History of AWS. AWS Documentation, 2023. 9 Statista. Cloud Computing Market Size Worldwide 2010–2024. Statista Report, 2024 International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 11. Issue 12 November 2025 6 formation. Through this approach, cloud technologies were divided into three main stages: the initial stage (2000-2010), the development stage (2010-2020), and the refinement stage (2020-present). In the third stage, the comparative analysis method was extensively applied. This method was used to compare technological approaches, platform capabilities, and service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) at each stage. As a result, it became possible to clearly demonstrate how technology was distinguished by different approaches in various periods. Additionally, data from different sources were cross-compared to evaluate their reliability. During the research process, a cross-check method was employed to verify the reliability of the data. Each figure or fact was confirmed using at least two or three independent sources. This approach reduced the likelihood of errors and enhanced the accuracy of conclusions. Additionally, at this stage, the practical methods and processes of using cloud technologies were thoroughly studied with reference to international experiences. In the final stage, all information was systematized, conclusions were drawn based on specific facts, and the topic was comprehensively covered. Overall, the combined application of these methods enabled a scientific analysis of the step-by-step formation of cloud technologies. While the literature review provided a theoretical foundation, statistical and comparative analyses reinforced technological changes with digital evidence. 3. Results In the process of scientific research, clear and systematic results were obtained regarding the formation and developmental stages of cloud technologies, based on literature analysis, statistical and historical analyses, comparative analysis, and crossverification methods. The data collected during the research allowed for the identification International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 11. Issue 12 November 2025 7 of three main developmental stages: initial stage (2000-2010) , development stage (20102020) , and refinement stage (2020-present) . Distinctive features of each stage were thoroughly examined, including technological changes, types of services, market growth indicators, and the scope of practical applications. 1) Initial stage (2000-2010) Analyses revealed that the concept of cloud technologies began to take shape in the early 2000s. It was during this period that Amazon Web Services (AWS) started offering its first cloud services, ushering in a new era of IT infrastructure. 10 At this stage, infrastructure-level services (IaaS) were primarily developed, providing users with more flexible and cost-effective solutions compared to traditional server infrastructure. According to the literature analysis, the rapid development of cloud technologies during this period was attributed to the widespread adoption of the Internet, increased data transmission speeds, and technical capabilities for establishing data centers. 11 However, this stage was not yet implemented on a large scale, but rather in corporate and technical sectors. Statistical analyses show that a crucial aspect of this stage was its focus primarily on large companies rather than the general public. In other words, between 2000 and 2005, the cloud services market was still relatively small, with a limited number of users. Furthermore, during this period, PaaS and SaaS service models were not yet fully developed, but their initial concepts began to be formulated by IT companies. The most significant technological achievement was the emergence of virtual servers, which enabled the provision of remote services to users. 10 Armbrust, M. et al. A View of Cloud Computing. Communications of the ACM, 2010. 11 Mell, P. & Grance, T. The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing. NIST, 2011. International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 11. Issue 12 November 2025 8 2) Development stage (2010-2020) The most crucial part of the research findings pertained to the development stage. By the 2010s, cloud technologies began to be widely adopted, and major technology companies actively entered this field. Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud expanded globally during these years, assuming leading positions in the provision of cloud services. 12 According to statistical analysis results, the annual growth rate of the cloud technology market between 2010 and 2020 was around 20-30%. 13 Based on Gartner and Statista reports, by 2015, thousands of companies worldwide had migrated their infrastructure to the cloud, with these numbers increasing year by year. During this period, cloud technologies began to be widely implemented not only at the corporate level but also in education, healthcare, manufacturing, and public administration systems. Comparative analysis showed that at this stage, service models IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS were fully developed and began to offer users various levels of convenience. For example, through the SaaS model, many small and medium-sized businesses gained access to cloud services without having to create their own IT infrastructure. This enabled further acceleration of this technology's popularization. 14 Regarding the results of historical analysis, mobile technologies and IoT (Internet of Things) factors also played a significant role in the development of cloud technologies from 2010 to 2020. Due to the sharp increase in the number of users, companies felt the need for more efficient data storage and processing solutions. As a result, the number of large data centers increased. 12 Statista. Cloud Computing Market Size Worldwide 2010–2024. Statista Report, 2024. 13 Statista. Cloud Computing Market Size Worldwide 2010–2024. Statista Report, 2024. 14 Buyya, R., Broberg, J., Goscinski, A. Cloud Computing: Principles and Paradigms. Wiley, 2011 International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 11. Issue 12 November 2025 9 3) Improvement stage (2020-present) The third part of the scientific research pertains to the present time, namely the stage of advancement. The main feature of this stage is the emergence of advanced cloud technologies integrated with artificial intelligence, Big Data, 5G technology, and automated control systems. In the years following 2020, cloud technologies are viewed not only as infrastructure but also as a strategic resource. At this stage, primarily the hybrid and multi-cloud types of cloud technologies have become widespread. Turning our attention to the results of statistical analysis, it is noted that between 2020 and 2024, the value of the cloud technology market approached 1 trillion US dollars. According to Gartner, more than 60% of IT services worldwide are provided through the cloud. 15 Evidently, during this period, technologies became even safer, more convenient, and more efficient. Analysis also revealed that at the current stage, users are not only utilizing services but also creating their own infrastructure based on the cloud. Furthermore, it has been observed that cloud solutions are being regarded as the primary infrastructure in sectors such as education, healthcare, finance, and manufacturing. Particularly during the pandemic (2019-2021), with the advancement of distance learning and remote work formats, the demand for cloud services increased dramatically. 16 The development process of cloud technologies has been shaped not only through technical stages but also in close connection with global trends, international politics, economic integration, and digital transformation. While these technologies have become an integral part of economic growth in many developed countries over the last decade, 15 Statista. Cloud Computing Market Size Worldwide 2010–2024. Statista Report, 2024. 16 Alqaied, R. (2022). The role of cloud computing technology: A savior to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA)