Deliverable 8.4: Circthread Sector Readiness Assessment Tool for Transferability

This project has received funding from the European Union’s H2020 Programme under Grant Agreement No. 958448 WP 8 Exploitation, IPR Management and CircThread Continuation Task 8.4 CIRCTHREAD EXPLOITATION VEHICLE, MEMBERSHIP MODEL AND REPLICATION FRAMEWORK Deliverable 8.4 CIRCTHREAD SECTOR READINESS ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR TRANSFERABILITY Ref. Ares(2025)2141384 - 17/03/2025 2 DISCLAIMER The opinion stated in this report reflects the opinion of the authors and not the opinion of the European Commission. All intellectual property rights are owned by CircThread consortium members and are protected by the applicable laws. Reproduction is not authorised without prior written agreement. The commercial use of any information contained in this document may require a license from the owner of that information. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement Nº 958448. 3 Project Data Project Acronym CircThread Project Title Building the Digital Thread for Circular Economy Product, Resource & Service Management Grant Agreement number 958448 Call identifier H2020-LCCI-2020-EASME-twostage Topic identifier CE-SC5-31-2020 Develop, implement, and assess a circular economy-oriented product information management system for complex products from cradle to cradle Funding Scheme IA - Innovation action Project duration 48 months (From 1 June 2021) Coordinator FUNDACION CARTIF Website https://www.circthread.com Deliverable Document Sheet Deliverable No. 8.4 Deliverable title CIRCTHREAD SECTOR READINESS ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR TRANSFERABILITY Description Linked to T8.4. provides the CircThread sector readiness assessment tool for transferability for the CircThread projects including as outcomes: describes the replication framework of what is needed to transfer CircThread to other sectors from technical and organisational and economic perspectives, as a checklist type tool. It will cover a set of organisational/process needs for setting up a product life cycle to be CircThread enabled including resulting technical and skills needs, and an estimate of the costs and benefits in making the product supply chain CircThread ready with a focus on EEE, construction/built environment and additive manufacturing, and packaging. It will also describe a summary visual output as provided with the tool for easy to interpret communication to sector leaders. WP No. 8 Related task T8.4 CIRCTHREAD EXPLOITATION VEHICLE, MEMBERSHIP MODEL AND REPLICATION FRAMEWORK Lead Beneficiary ECOWISE Contributor(s) Rembrandt Koppelaar Type Report Dissemination L. Public Language English – GB Due Date 30/01/2025 Submission Date 17/03/2025 4 Version Action Owner Date V.0.1 TOC, Written ECOWISE 18/12/2024 V.0.2 Initial Chapter Drafts ECOWISE 13/01/2025 V.0.3 First Draft of All Chapters ECOWISE 14/02/2025 V.0.4 Internal Review ECOWISE 24/02/2025 V.0.5 Advanced Draft ECOWISE 27/02/2025 V.0.6 Final Draft ECOWISE 03/03/2025 V.0.7 Copy-edited & reviewed CARTIF 07/03/2025 V.1.0 Final checks and submission CARTIF 17/03/2025 5 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CircThread is a H2020 EU-funded project with the objective to unlock access to product data for circular economy purposes. The main target is to facilitate information flow exchanges across the extended product life cycle. The information can vary from data consisting of product characteristics, product components, their materials and chemicals data, and related circularity, environmental, social, and economic information. This data will be captured, linked, and shared on a cloud-based, collaborative, Ecosystem with a software Platform with a core set of open-source modules, to allow all actors throughout the product life cycle to share the necessary information. To ensure that more materials and products stay in the economic loop, benefitting the sustainability of the economy and the environment and reducing carbon emissions. This deliverable D8.4 provides the CircThread sector readiness assessment tool for transferability across sectors of CircThread IT services and in particular the CircThread Platform. The deliverable describes the replication framework of what is needed to transfer the CircThread Platform to other sectors from technical and organisational and economic perspectives, as a checklist type tool. The replicability assessment found that the most applicable sectors are relating to long lasting durable goods and construction products. The replicability assessment established that within these categories the following sectors are particularly applicable for seeking replication of the CircThread Product Information Management system and associated services, with the following order of priority (higher score is higher priority): • Furniture, score of 77 • Textiles and footwear, score of 71 • Bed mattresses, score of 68 • Toys, score of 68 • Construction products, score of 57 • Tyres, score of 50 The deliverable is useful for evaluating the deployability of a CircThread Platform across sectors, especially for circularity service software companies and DPP providers that seek to enhance their services with the CircThread Platform, to provide product information management system at ecosystem level with tens to hundreds of companies and organisations. As well as the CircThread software exploitation partners to guide them on the journey to enter new sectors for deploying the CircThread Platform and associated services. The information will feed directly into the strategy under development for the Circular Intelligence association, as also setup under T8.4, which will determine which sectors to keep advancing the CircThread Platform for and further integrate associated services with. This strategy is being developed as part of the final deliverable D8.5 due in May 2025 looking at the CircThread Exploitation vehicle and membership model. 6 Contents 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 5 2 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Structure of the report ..................................................................................................... 8 3 Sector Replicability from a Digital Circular Economy Needs Perspective ......... 9 3.1 Circular Economy contexts ............................................................................................. 9 3.2 Sectors covered under EU legislation for Digital Product Passports ............... 10 3.3 Sector priorisation study by the EU Joint Research Centre ............................... 12 3.4 Sector and products to be considered for replicability ........................................ 13 4 Replicability scoring assessment ...................................................................................... 14 4.1 Replicability scoring framework ................................................................................. 14 4.2 Construction products ................................................................................................... 17 4.3 Textiles and footwear .................................................................................................... 19 4.4 Furniture ............................................................................................................................ 21 4.5 Tyres .................................................................................................................................... 23 4.6 Bed mattresses ................................................................................................................. 25 4.7 Toys ...................................................................................................................................... 27 4.8 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 29 5 Conclusions and Next Steps................................................................................................ 30 5.1 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 30 5.2 Next steps .......................................................................................................................... 30 7 List of Tables Table 1. Circular Economy contexts for different product groups ....................................................................... 10 Table 2. CircThread use cases summary .................................................................................................................... 15 Table 3. Replicability scoring checklist with an example score ............................................................................ 16 Table 4. Construction Products Replicability Assessment ..................................................................................... 18 Table 5. Textiles and footwear replicability assessment ........................................................................................ 20 Table 6. Furniture replicability assessment ............................................................................................................... 22 Table 7. Tyres replicability assessment ...................................................................................................................... 24 Table 8. Bed mattresses replicability assessment .................................................................................................... 26 Table 9. Toys replicability assessment ........................................................................................................................ 28 List of Figures Figure 1. Scoring of final products under the EU JRC study for the ESPR prioritisation ................................ 13 8 2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Overview The CircThread project aims to develop and demonstrate the digital means to enable product information exchanges across the life cycle of a product. In the project a Circular Digital Thread (CircThread) has been developed, where product information is collected, updated and shared for individual products across the product life cycle through a common platform, the CircThread Platform. The product information exchange possibilities from such a digital setup are critical to improve decision making and enable services and associated business models to increase product recycling, increase product lifespan, and enhance product reuse. The CircThread Platform has been developed focusing on Energy related Products (ErPs) including dishwashers, washing machines, boilers, batteries and solar glass, as manufactured by partners in the CircThread project. These can also be referred to as electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), although not entirely, since ErPs can also include windmills for example, whilst EEE does not include windmills. The deliverable describes the possibilities for setting up a CircThread Platform and associated digital CircThread services for other sector based on a sector replication assessment tool. Further sectors taken into consideration for screening with the tool include those considered under the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, as further detailed in chapter 3. The replication need was incorporated in the CircThread project based on the direct requirement from the EU commission call writers in the SC531 call defined as: “The knowledge gained in this set-up should be comprehensive and systemic enough to be easily transferable to less complex sectors and business models.”. 2.2 Methodology This deliverable describes the outcome of the task 8.4 which was based on a series of expert workshops with internal task partners that led to a checklist type tool with factors to consider in determining the usability of the CircThread Platform for other sectors, as well as additional development needs to make it usable. 2.3 Structure of the report The deliverable is structured in three main chapters: • The first chapter describes the sector context under the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, to advance the scope of sectors to consider for the replication assessment. • The second chapter provides for the CircThread Sector Replication Assessment Tool. • The third chapter provides conclusions and next steps in utilising the Sector replication assessment tool. 9 3 SECTOR REPLICABILITY FROM A DIGITAL CIRCULAR ECONOMY NEEDS PERSPECTIVE 3.1 Circular Economy contexts The CircThread project has focused on Energy related Products (ErPs) including dishwashers, washing machines, boilers, batteries and solar glass, as manufactured by partners in the CircThread project. These products are long-lasting products with many components, that relate to all stages of a circular economy around repair, lifespan extension, design, collection management, repair, reuse and recycling. For purposes of this deliverable to look at replicability we include a perspective of different categorisation of goods as follows: • Long-lasting durable products, which have lifespans of at least 5 years. • Short lasting disposable products incl. fast moving consumer goods which are either single use or have short lifespans, usually a year or less. • Intermediary material products, which form an input in B2B supply chains into final products • Final construction products, which form parts of buildings and infrastructure A few goods can be categorised in multiple categories, such as textiles which have today become both part of long-lasting durable products and short-lasting disposable products, due to the rise of fast fashion. The categorisation is relevant because of the different circular economy scenarios for each of these goods categories, in terms of product design lifecycle impacts, usage lifespan, collection needs, repair, reuse and recycling. Since CircThread focused on long lasting durable products, the replicability of related digital circular use cases (e.g. repair or end-of-use collection) is closest for these types of products, as outlined in table 4 below. The closest overlapping other category of products are final construction products. In contrast, short lasting disposable products or intermediary material products have very different circularity characteristics, as use cases relating to product design, usage lifespan, repair and reuse are not applicable or have limited applicability. Therefore, CircThread digital services are not suitable to be used for such products, limiting their replicability since these services focus on managing product information alongside the life cycle including repair, reuse and lifespan related requirements. Based on this evaluation primarily long-lasting durable products, and final construction products, are suitable for CircThread services to enhance their Digital Product Information management. 16 Table 3. Replicability scoring checklist with an example score Use case Name Technical Organisational Economic Total Factor Applicability Existing Product Information Management ecosystems with governance Market demand 1 Product life cycle traceability with DPPs 3 1 3 7 2 Manufacturing information acquisition 4 1 5 10 3 In-transit and aftermarket spare parts recovery 1 5 1 7 4 Product end-of-use circularity recommendations 5 3 5 13 5 Product lifespan extension for repair and circular design 5 3 3 11 6 Critical raw materials and chemicals traceability 4 2 3 9 7 Consumer circularity information access 5 5 3 13 Total 70 17 4.2 Construction products The construction products sector is highly fragmented into 36 product groups with hundreds of thousands of product manufacturers, many smaller manufacturers that sell products within their countries or regions geography. The fragmentation is a result of the weight of products and the manner in which the sector is organized. The technical applicability of construction products is required for traceability of products up to the point they are incorporated in a building, and after a lifespan of several decades the deconstruction from the building, making product life cycle traceability less applicability than for sectors where the life cycle is more continuous. The use cases for intransit and aftermarket spare parts recovery are not applicable, given that such products are not repaired and have replaceable components. Nor is product end-of-use circularity as applicable due to the product use span in the building, due to which incorporation in a building, usage and deconstruction are largely disconnected. Chemicals information is highly applicable due to the need for understanding release in the air of Volatile Organic Compounds and other gasses, yet Critical Raw Materials content is far less applicable due to construction products containing less of these materials. Consumer circularity information access is less to not applicable as the vast majority of construction products are B2B and few are utilised by consumers. Existing product information management ecosystems are in place in a per country perspective. For example, the Portuguese construction products sector association (Associação Portuguesa dos Comerciantes de Materiais de Construção) has setup a product data sharing portal APCMC datacheck for product suppliers’ information management. There are considerations within Construction products Europe to initiate work on a European product information management ecosystem, but this is in early feasibility stages. Private providers of product information management are also growing for building design and facility management services, utilizing Building Information Modelling (BIM) services, are usually also active within a specific geographic country focus, as opposed to a more Europe wide setting. The market demand for CircThread services is primarily in product life cycle traceability from manufacturing to building site, and manufacturing information acquisition so as to provide information for purchasing and building usage perspectives. For example, in the context of the updated Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) the embodied carbon content of a building will need to be calculated by 2028. Thereby it will become more important to trace carbon information for each construction product from the manufacturer (use case 2) using the product life cycle traceability (use case 1) to the construction site. 18 Table 4. Construction Products Replicability Assessment Use case Name Technical Organisational Economic Total Factor Applicability Existing Product Information Management ecosystems with governance Market demand 1 Product life cycle traceability with DPPs 3 4 3 10 2 Manufacturing information acquisition 5 1 4 10 3 In-transit and aftermarket spare parts recovery Not applicable (1) Not applicable (1) Not applicable (1) 3 4 Product end-of-use circularity recommendations 2 5 1 8 5 Product lifespan extension for repair and circular design 3 5 2 10 6 Critical raw materials and chemicals traceability 3 5 2 10 7 Consumer circularity information access 2 3 1 6 Total 57 19 4.3 Textiles and footwear The textile and footwear sector is at a high level organised based on final brands, garment or footwear manufacturers, fabric mills, dyeing providers, yarn producers, and raw material providers including farms and polyester materials factories. Each stage can be carried out separately or in a more vertically integrated manner, such as for example a brand that also owns and manages its own garment factory. In EU countries the majority of textiles and footwear manufacturers are either final brands that outsource and purchase white labelled goods based on their fabric designs, or integrated producers that also have garment or footwear manufacturing facility. The large majority of fabric mills, dying providers, yarn producers and raw material providers are operational outside of the EU, with some country level exceptions. For example, in Italy and Portugal there are active fabric mills and yarn facilities focusing on higher quality fabrics and yarns. The CircThread product information management services thereby need to look primarily at the final products, garments and footwear brands. The technical applicability of textile and footwear products covers full traceability at all stages across their product life cycle. Similar to Energy related Products there is a usage phase that can least several years to a decade or more, with repair and re-use needs as well as end-of-use circularity decisions. The main difference is that spare parts recovery is not applicable as textiles and footwear do not have components that are replaceable or recoverable. Product lifespan extension is applicable in terms of improving sustaining the quality of clothing across washing cycles. Chemicals information is highly applicable due to the need for understanding what chemicals are applied to textiles and footwear in dying and chemicals applications for waterproofing, but Critical Raw Materials are not applicable as these are not included in the cotton, leather, polyesters, lyonell or other materials used in these products. Consumer circularity information access is highly applicable due to the need for lifespan expectations at point of purchasing, understanding repair options and end-of-use circularity routes. Existing product information management ecosystems are not in place for textiles and footwear sectors and only emerging, primarily for certification systems as organized by the US HQ organization textile exchange, https://textileexchange.org/, which is the primary driver for supply chain product information management. Product life cycle information management is not in place and fragmented based on individual brands approaches as well as re-use and resale portals that are also not connected at this point in time. Thereby it is not possible for brands and garment and footwear manufacturers to link into Europe wide product information management systems at this stage in time. There is a significant development of Digital Product Passport service providers in textiles and garments, primarily as there is a priority for this sector in the EU regulatory ESPR framework. There are potentially close to 100 active DPP service providers in this sector based on CIRPASS-1 project information, that are seeking to sell DPPs to textile brands. 7 The market demand for product information management services is primarily related at present to sustainability information, and less so to specific circularity data. Thereby use cases 1, 2, 6 (chemicals) and 7 are in higher market demand, whereas use cases 3 (not applicable), 4 and 5 are in lower market demand. The main market demand need is to 7 https://cirpassproject.eu/dpp-related-initiatives-dataset/ 20 provide for regulatory compliance on product life cycle data management using DPPs, and managing sustainability data that needs to be acquired and provide for sustainability data to consumers to remaining competitive for growing market share to showcase improvements of textile production sustainability efforts. Table 5. Textiles and footwear replicability assessment Use case Name Technical Organisational Economic Total Factor Applicability Existing Product Information Management ecosystems with governance Market demand 1 Product life cycle traceability with DPPs 5 4 5 14 2 Manufacturing information acquisition 4 3 5 12 3 In-transit and aftermarket spare parts recovery Not applicable (1) Not applicable (1) Not applicable (1) 3 4 Product end-of-use circularity recommendations 3 3 2 8 5 Product lifespan extension for repair and circular design 3 5 2 10 6 Critical raw materials and chemicals traceability 3 2 5 10 7 Consumer circularity information access 5 5 4 14 Total 71 21 4.4 Furniture The furniture sector in the EU is organised through supply chain networks of final brands, furniture manufacturers, component suppliers, material processors, and raw material providers, including timber producers, metalworks, and plastics manufacturers. The supply chain in the EU is organised in a horizontal manner, where each stage is organised by dedicated parties, such as from forestry companies to wood mills to furniture manufacturing factories to the final brand and its retail network. Large multinational companies, such as IKEA, operate with a highly integrated model, controlling design, production, and retail, while many smaller and mid-sized European brands focus on design and branding while outsourcing production. The sector is diverse, covering residential, office, contract, and outdoor furniture, with regional specialization—Italy and Germany dominate high-end and design-driven furniture, while Poland has become a major hub for large-scale manufacturing. The supply chain begins with raw material providers, which include timber producers from Sweden and Finland, metalworks in Germany and Italy, and plastics manufacturers across Europe and Asia. These materials are processed by component suppliers who produce wood panels, upholstery foams, fittings and other components, before being assembled into finished products for final brands and companies. Since nearly all activities are carried out within the European Union, the CircThread product information management services can cover the entire supply chain. The technical applicability of furniture products covers full traceability at all stages across their product life cycle. Similar to Energy related Products, there is a use phase that can least several years to decades, with repair and re-use needs as well as end-of-use circularity decisions, and spare parts management for replacing components. Product lifespan extension is applicable in terms of improving product design to more easily replace components and repair them to extend the lifespan and re-use potential of furniture products. Chemicals information is applicable due to the need for understanding what chemicals are applied to upholstery and coatings on furniture components, for both usage and final end-of-life recycling. Critical Raw Materials are not applicable as very few are included in the materials of which furniture is made. Consumer circularity information access has some applicability depending on the initiation of circular business models. Existing product information management ecosystems are not in place for furniture sectors, with initiatives mainly in place for raw materials sourcing depending on material types, such as Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) linked data for wood supply chains, or green steel initiatives for steel components. Product life cycle information management is not in place and fragmented based on individual brands approaches as well as re-use and resale portals that are also not connected at this point in time. Thereby it is not possible for furniture manufacturers to link into Europe wide product information management systems at this stage in time. Initiatives linked to Digital Product Passports for furniture are also still limited, with only a few providers working in this sector. The market demand for product information management services is similarly to textiles primarily related at present to sustainability information, and less so to specific circularity data, given the limited business development in this area. Thereby use cases 1, 2, 6 (chemicals) and 7 are in higher market demand, whereas use cases 3, 4 and 5 are in lower market demand. The main market demand need is to provide for regulatory compliance on product life cycle data management, chemicals data management, and acquiring and managing sustainability data, at this stage. 22 Table 6. Furniture replicability assessment Use case Name Technical Organisational Economic Total Factor Applicability Existing Product Information Management ecosystems with governance Market demand 1 Product life cycle traceability with DPPs 5 5 3 13 2 Manufacturing information acquisition 5 3 5 13 3 In-transit and aftermarket spare parts recovery 4 4 2 10 4 Product end-of-use circularity recommendations 4 5 2 11 5 Product lifespan extension for repair and circular design 5 5 2 12 6 Critical raw materials and chemicals traceability 2 3 1 6 7 Consumer circularity information access 4 5 3 12 Total 77 23 4.5 Tyres The tyre industry in the European Union industry is divided into three main segments: original equipment (OE) tyres, which are supplied directly to vehicle manufacturers; replacement tyres, sold to consumers for vehicle maintenance; and specialty tyres, including those for trucks, agricultural vehicles, and industrial equipment. The sector is dominated by a small number of large multinational manufacturers such as Michelin (France), Continental (Germany), and Pirelli (Italy), alongside other global players like Bridgestone and Goodyear. Smaller companies are mostly active in niche markets for specialty tyres, retreading, and recycling. The majority of tyres are manufactured in automated large plants in the European Union, which source natural rubber, synthetic rubber, carbon black, steel and other reinforcement material from within the European Union. The technical applicability of tyres covers full traceability at all stages across their product life cycle. The main difference with Energy related Products is that there are no spare parts, but there is a special reuse process that is increasingly common in European Union countries, where tyres are rethreaded, replacing the exterior threads that are worn out with new ones on the existing tyre. Tyre lifespan extension due to road wear is also applicable, As a result end-of-use circularity decisions are important to ensure an as long lifespan as possible. Designing for product lifespan extensions is also applicable in terms of improving tyre design for longevity relative to road wear and usage. Chemicals information is applicable due to potential additives and other added compounds in tyres, and natural rubber is also still a critical component of tyres which is a Critical Raw Material. Consumer circularity information access has some applicability but is less important than for many other products. Existing product information management ecosystems are already in place at a European scale. The Global Data Service Organisation (GDSO) for tyres and automotive components was setup in Belgium in January 2022 as a non-profit to standardize tyre data for widespread access and exchange using online IT solutions. Setup by the large European tyre producers Michelin, Continental, Pirelli as well as Bridgestone from Japan and Goodyear from the USA. The organization is forming a key information sharing ecosystem starting with common tyre data templates that will also form the basis for Digital Product Passports, accessible via the online platform and through RFID chips in tyres. On top this product information management ecosystem additional services can in the future be built for circularity use cases. The market demand for product information management services is quite limited for tyres due to the limited number of large companies that are operating in this market, as well as the existing product information management needs which are fulfilled already by the GDSO and are maintained by the tyre manufacturers themselves. Demand for individual circularity services could be proposed to the GDSO and associated manufacturers, where there is a clear value-added information case that can link with existing tyre data templates. 24 Table 7. Tyres replicability assessment Use case Name Technical Organisational Economic Total Factor Applicability Existing Product Information Management ecosystems with governance Market demand 1 Product life cycle traceability with DPPs 5 1 3 9 2 Manufacturing information acquisition 5 1 3 9 3 In-transit and aftermarket spare parts recovery 1 (not applicable) 1 (not applicable) 1 (not applicable) 3 4 Product end-of-use circularity recommendations 3 3 2 8 5 Product lifespan extension for repair and circular design 5 1 3 9 6 Critical raw materials and chemicals traceability 3 1 2 6 7 Consumer circularity information access 3 1 2 6 Total 50 25 4.6 Bed mattresses The mattress sector in the European Union is organised based on dozens of large multinational companies, such as Tempur Sealy, Hilding Anders, IKEA, Emma and Simba, and thousands of smaller regional manufacturers. The degree of vertical integration also varies significantly in terms of mattress components (e.g. foam, springs, feathers and so on). The technical applicability of mattress products covers full traceability at all stages across their product life cycle for bed mattresses. Similar to Energy related Products there is a usage phase that can last several years to a decade, however there are limited repair options and spare parts recovery options. The main circular economy interventions for bed mattresses are re-use, refurbishment, and recycling. Product lifespan extension is also applicable in terms of improving hygienic related longevity and form maintenance around product design. Chemicals information is applicable due to the need for understanding what chemicals are applied for longevity and properties, requires such as fire resistance. Critical Raw Materials are not applicable as very few are included in the materials of which bed mattresses are made. Consumer circularity information access has applicability in line with circular business models for bed mattresses. Existing product information management ecosystems are not in place for bed mattress sectors. Larger companies in the mattress industry rely on individual companies to manage and standardize product information through proprietary Product Information Management systems, and smaller companies usually do not have such systems in place. Certifications are linked to or does not have such systems in place. Traceability systems are emerging based on Digital Product Passports by providers like atma.io, but they are few and far between, and for materials through programmes like wood.ID. The early stages mean that it is not possible for bed mattress providers to link into Europe wide product information management systems at this stage in time. The market demand for product information management services is at present both linked to sustainability information and circularity data, given the higher opportunities for mattress refurbishment and deep cleaning and reuse. Thereby use cases 1, 2, 4 and 7 are in higher market demand, whereas use cases 3, 5 and6 are in lower market demand. There is a significant opportunity in offering product life cycle traceability with added value circularity services on top of sustainability data management.