Digital determinants of the development of innovative clusters of its enterprises: a structural–functional approach
Abstract
The subject of the research is the theoretical aspects of digital determinants that influence the formation, development, and functioning of innovative clusters in the field of information technology, as well as their structural and functional interrelationships in the system of territorial organization of the IT economy.The aim of the research is to substantiate a structural and functional approach to the analysis of digital factors that determine the effectiveness of the development of innovative IT clusters, as well as the mechanism of their interaction in the context of the digital transformation of the economy.Research methods. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach: theoretical analysis of scientific works, comparative analysis of cluster development practices in different countries, and synthesis of information from open sources. A structural–functional method was used to describe the cluster system (as a set of elements with their own functions), as well as artificial intelligence tools to classify factors at different levels. Review and empirical materials were used, and a systematic approach was applied to illustrate the impact of the identified digital determinants.Results of the investigation. The article examines the digital determinants of the development of innovative clusters of IT enterprises from the perspective of a structural–functional approach. The theoretical foundations of innovation clustering are analyzed, and the structural components and functions of IT clusters are identified. A classification of digital determinants (infrastructure, human capital, innovation ecosystem, government initiatives, international integration, security, etc.) is developed. The influence of digital factors on the development of IT clusters at the macro (government policy and strategies), meso (regulated initiatives and regional programs), and micro levels (digital technologies in the activities of individual companies) is considered. A comparative analysis with international models (Poland, Singapore, Estonia, Israel) is provided. Scope of the results. Public administration; Business environment; Educational and scientific institutions; Regional development.Conclusions. As a result, a number of measures were proposed: strengthening national digital initiatives – it is necessary to ensure the integration of national strategies with cluster support programs, creating intergovernmental platforms for coordination of actions; support for cluster infrastructure – it is recommended to stimulate the creation of regional data centers, 5G networks, and shared cloud services so that all cluster participants have access to modern IT infrastructure; Educational and human resources programs – develop joint educational projects within clusters, draw on international experience to improve the qualifications of specialists. Public–private partnerships – the state should involve clusters more in the development of technology parks and start–up centers. IT cluster associations can act as key partners for local authorities in the digital transformation of regions; compliance with cybersecurity standards – data protection and cybersecurity should be ensured within cluster initiatives, as the trust of businesses and investors in digital solutions is critical to the sustainability of clusters. Thus, these recommendations are based on a common understanding that IT clusters act as a «connecting link» between businesses, universities, and research centers, promoting technological development and digital transformation. Therefore, strengthening digital determinants at all levels (macro, meso, micro) will make clusters more adaptive and innovation–effective, consolidating Ukraine’s position in the global tech space.Prospects for further research include the following: modeling the digital ecosystem of an innovative IT cluster; researching the interrelations between digital security and the sustainable functioning of IT clusters; assessing the impact of artificial intelligence and cloud technologies on the productivity of cluster associations; developing indicators of the effectiveness of digital determinants for IT clusters in the national and global context.
Full text
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 29 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww © ÑÀÌÎÉËÅÍÊÎ Ð. Ë., 2025 ÓÄÊ 004.056:338.24:658.8 ÑÀÌÎÉËÅÍÊÎ Ð. Ë. Öèôðîâ³ äåòåðì³íàíòè ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³éíèõ êëàñòåð³â ²Ò– ï³äïðèºìñòâ: ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíèé ï³äõ³ä Ïðåäìåòîì äîñë³äæåííÿ º òåîðåòè÷í³ àñïåêòè öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò, ÿê³ âïëèâàþòü íà ôîðìóâàííÿ, ðîçâèòîê ³ ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ ³ííîâàö³éíèõ êëàñòåð³â ó ñôåð³ ³íôîðìàö³éíèõ òåõíîëîã³é, à òàêîæ ¿õ ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüí³ âçàºìîçâ’ÿçêè â ñèñòåì³ òåðèòîð³àëüíî¿ îðãàí³çàö³¿ ²Ò–åêîíîì³êè. Ìåòîþ äîñë³äæåííÿ º îá´ðóíòóâàííÿ ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî ï³äõîäó äî àíàë³çó öèôðîâèõ ÷èííèê³â, ùî âèçíà÷àþòü åôåêòèâí³ñòü ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³éíèõ ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â, à òàêîæ ìåõàí³çì ¿õ âçàºìî䳿 â óìîâàõ öèôðîâî¿ òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ åêîíîì³êè. Ìåòîäè äîñë³äæåííÿ. Äîñë³äæåííÿ ´ðóíòóºòüñÿ íà ì³æäèñöèïë³íàðíîìó ï³äõîä³: òåîðåòè÷íîìó àíàë³ç³ íàóêîâèõ ïðàöü, ïîð³âíÿëüíîìó àíàë³ç³ ïðàêòèê ðîçâèòêó êëàñòåð³â â ð³çíèõ êðà¿íàõ ³ ñèíòåç³ ³íôîðìàö³¿ ç â³äêðèòèõ äæåðåë. Âèêîðèñòàíî ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíèé ìåòîä äëÿ îïèñó ñèñòåìè êëàñòåðó (ÿê ñóêóïíîñò³ åëåìåíò³â ç³ ñâî¿ìè ôóíêö³ÿìè), à òàêîæ ³íñòðóìåíòè øòó÷íîãî ³íòåëåêòó äëÿ êëàñèô³êàö³¿ ÷èííèê³â íà ð³âíÿõ. Áóëî âèêîðèñòàíî îãëÿäîâ³ ³ åìï³ðè÷í³ ìàòåð³àëè, çàñòîñîâàíî ñèñòåìíèé ï³äõ³ä äëÿ ³ëþñòðàö³¿ âïëèâó âèÿâëåíèõ öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò. Ðåçóëüòàòè ðîáîòè. Ó ñòàòò³ äîñë³äæåíî öèôðîâ³ äåòåðì³íàíòè ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³éíèõ êëàñòåð³â ²Ò–ï³äïðèºìñòâ ³ç ïîçèö³é ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî ï³äõîäó. Ïðîàíàë³çîâàíî òåîðåòè÷í³ çàñàäè êëàñòåðèçàö³¿ ³ííîâàö³é, âèçíà÷åíî ñòðóêòóðí³ êîìïîíåíòè òà ôóíêö³¿ ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â. Ðîçðîáëåíî êëàñèô³êàö³þ öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò (³íôðàñòðóêòóðà, ëþäñüêèé êàï³òàë, ³ííîâàö³éíà åêîñèñòåìà, óðÿäîâ³ ³í³ö³àòèâè, ì³æíàðîäíà ³íòåãðàö³ÿ, áåçïåêà òîùî). Ðîçãëÿíóòî âïëèâ öèôðîâèõ ÷èííèê³â íà ðîçâèòîê ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â íà ìàêðî– (äåðæàâíà ïîë³òèêà ³ ñòðàòå㳿), ìåçî– (ðåãóëüîâàí³ ³í³ö³àòèâè òà ðåã³îíàëüí³ ïðîãðàìè) ³ ì³êðîð³âíÿõ (öèôðîâ³ òåõíîëî㳿 â ä³ÿëüíîñò³ îêðåìèõ êîìïàí³é). Íàâåäåíî ïîð³âíÿëüíèé àíàë³ç ³ç ì³æíàðîäíèìè ìîäåëÿìè (Ïîëüùà, ѳíãàïóð, Åñòîí³ÿ, ²çðà¿ëü). Ãàëóçü çàñòîñóâàííÿ ðåçóëüòàò³â. Äåðæàâíå óïðàâë³ííÿ; á³çíåñ–ñåðåäîâèùå; îñâ³òí³ òà íàóêîâ³ óñòàíîâè; ðåã³îíàëüíèé ðîçâèòîê. Âèñíîâêè.  ðåçóëüòàò³ áóëî çàïðîïîíîâàíî ðÿä òàêèõ çàõîä³â: ï³äñèëåííÿ íàö³îíàëüíèõ öèôðîâèõ ³í³ö³àòèâ – íåîáõ³äíî çàáåçïå÷èòè ³íòåãðàö³þ íàö³îíàëüíèõ ñòðàòåã³é ç ïðîãðàìàìè ï³äòðèìêè êëàñòåð³â, ñòâîðþþ÷è ì³æóðÿäîâ³ ïëàòôîðìè äëÿ êîîðäèíàö³¿ ä³é; ï³äòðèìêà êëàñòåðíî¿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè – ðåêîìåíäóºòüñÿ ñòèìóëþâàòè ñòâîðåííÿ ðåã³îíàëüíèõ äàòà–öåíòð³â, 5G–ìåðåæ, õìàðíèõ ñåðâ³ñ³â ñï³ëüíîãî êîðèñòóâàííÿ, ùîá óñ³ ó÷àñíèêè êëàñòåðó ìàëè äîñòóï äî ñó÷àñíî¿ ²Ò– ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè; îñâ³òí³ òà êàäðîâ³ ïðîãðàìè – ðîçâèâàòè ñï³ëüí³ îñâ³òí³ ïðîºêòè â ìåæàõ êëàñòåð³â, çàëó÷àòè ì³æíàðîäíèé äîñâ³ä äëÿ ï³äâèùåííÿ êâàë³ô³êàö³¿ ôàõ³âö³â; óðÿäîâî–ïðèâàòíå ïàðòíåðñòâî – äåðæàâ³ ñë³ä á³ëüøå çàëó÷àòè êëàñòåðè äî ðîçâèòêó òåõíîïàðê³â ³ ñòàðòàï–öåíòð³â. Àñîö³àö³¿ ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â ìîæóòü âèñòóïàòè ÿê êëþ÷îâ³ ïàðòíåðè ì³ñöåâî¿ âëàäè â öèôðîâ³é òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ ðåã³îí³â; äîòðèìàííÿ ñòàíäàðò³â ê³áåðáåçïåêè – ñë³ä çàáåçïå÷èòè çàõèñò äàíèõ ³ ê³áåðáåçïåêó ó ðàìêàõ êëàñòåðíèõ ³í³ö³àòèâ, àäæå äîâ³ðà á³çíåñó é ³íâåñòîð³â äî öèôðîâèõ ð³øåíü º êðèòè÷íîþ äëÿ ñò³éêîñò³ êëàñòåð³â. Òàêèì ÷èíîì, íàâåäåí³ ðåêîìåíäàö³¿ ´ðóíòóþòüñÿ íà ñï³ëüíîìó ðîçóì³íí³, ùî ²Ò–êëàñòåðè â³ä³ãðàþòü ðîëü «ñïîëó÷íî¿ ëàíêè» ì³æ ï³äïðèºìñòâàìè, óí³âåðñèòåòàìè òà íàóêîâèìè öåíòðàìè, ñïðèÿþ÷è òåõíîëîã³÷íîìó ðîçâèòêó òà öèôðîâ³é òðàíñôîðìàö³¿. Îòæå, ïîñèëåííÿ öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò íà âñ³õ ð³âíÿõ (ìàêðî, ìåçî, ì³êðî) äîçâîëèòü çðîáèòè êëàñòåðè á³ëüø àäàïòèâíèìè òà ³ííîâàö³éíî åôåêòèâíèìè, çàêð³ïèâøè ïîçèö³¿ Óêðà¿íè â ãëîáàëüíîìó òåõíîïðîñòîð³. Ïåðñïåêòèâè ïîäàëüøèõ äîñë³äæåíü ïîëÿãàþòü â íàñòóïíîìó: ìîäåëþâàííÿ öèôðîâî¿ åêîñèñòåìè ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ²Ò–êëàñòåðó; äîñë³äæåííÿ âçàºìîçâ’ÿçê³â ì³æ öèôðîâîþ áåçïåêîþ òà ñòàëèì ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿì ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â; îö³íêà âïëèâó øòó÷íîãî ³íòåëåêòó òà õìàðíèõ òåõíîëîã³é íà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü êëàñòåðíèõ îá’ºäíàíü; ðîçðîáêà ³íäèêàòîð³â åôåêòèâíîñò³ öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò äëÿ ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â ó íàö³îíàëüíîìó òà ãëîáàëüíîìó êîíòåêñò³. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: öèôðîâ³ äåòåðì³íàíòè; ³ííîâàö³éí³ êëàñòåðè; ²Ò–ï³äïðèºìñòâà; ñòðóêòóðíî– ôóíêö³îíàëüíèé ï³äõ³ä; öèôðîâà òðàíñôîðìàö³ÿ; êëàñòåðèçàö³ÿ ²Ò.
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 30 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww RUSLAN SAMOYLENKO Digital determinants of the development of innovative clusters of its enterprises: a structural–functional approach The subject of the research is the theoretical aspects of digital determinants that influence the formation, development, and functioning of innovative clusters in the field of information technology, as well as their structural and functional interrelationships in the system of territorial organization of the IT economy. The aim of the research is to substantiate a structural and functional approach to the analysis of digital factors that determine the effectiveness of the development of innovative IT clusters, as well as the mechanism of their interaction in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. Research methods. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach: theoretical analysis of scientific works, comparative analysis of cluster development practices in different countries, and synthesis of information from open sources. A structural–functional method was used to describe the cluster system (as a set of elements with their own functions), as well as artificial intelligence tools to classify factors at different levels. Review and empirical materials were used, and a systematic approach was applied to illustrate the impact of the identified digital determinants. Results of the investigation. The article examines the digital determinants of the development of innovative clusters of IT enterprises from the perspective of a structural–functional approach. The theoretical foundations of innovation clustering are analyzed, and the structural components and functions of IT clusters are identified. A classification of digital determinants (infrastructure, human capital, innovation ecosystem, government initiatives, international integration, security, etc.) is developed. The influence of digital factors on the development of IT clusters at the macro (government policy and strategies), meso (regulated initiatives and regional programs), and micro levels (digital technologies in the activities of individual companies) is considered. A comparative analysis with international models (Poland, Singapore, Estonia, Israel) is provided. Scope of the results. Public administration; Business environment; Educational and scientific institutions; Regional development. Conclusions. As a result, a number of measures were proposed: strengthening national digital initiatives – it is necessary to ensure the integration of national strategies with cluster support programs, creating intergovernmental platforms for coordination of actions; support for cluster infrastructure – it is recommended to stimulate the creation of regional data centers, 5G networks, and shared cloud services so that all cluster participants have access to modern IT infrastructure; Educational and human resources programs – develop joint educational projects within clusters, draw on international experience to improve the qualifications of specialists. Public–private partnerships – the state should involve clusters more in the development of technology parks and start–up centers. IT cluster associations can act as key partners for local authorities in the digital transformation of regions; compliance with cybersecurity standards – data protection and cybersecurity should be ensured within cluster initiatives, as the trust of businesses and investors in digital solutions is critical to the sustainability of clusters. Thus, these recommendations are based on a common understanding that IT clusters act as a «connecting link» between businesses, universities, and research centers, promoting technological development and digital transformation. Therefore, strengthening digital determinants at all levels (macro, meso, micro) will make clusters more adaptive and innovation–effective, consolidating Ukraine’s position in the global tech space. Prospects for further research include the following: modeling the digital ecosystem of an innovative IT cluster; researching the interrelations between digital security and the sustainable functioning of IT clusters; assessing the impact of artificial intelligence and cloud technologies on the productivity of cluster associations; developing indicators of the effectiveness of digital determinants for IT clusters in the national and global context. Keywords: digital determinants; innovative clusters; IT enterprises; structural–functional approach; digital transformation; IT clustering.
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 31 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww Ïîñòàíîâêà ïðîáëåìè äîñë³äæåííÿ. ²ííîâàö³éí³ êëàñòåðè ²Ò–ï³äïðèºìñòâ â³ä³ãðàþòü ðîëü ëîêîìîòèâ³â åêîíîì³÷íîãî çðîñòàííÿ ðåã³îí³â ³ äåðæàâè çàãàëîì, ñïðèÿþ÷è ïîøèðåííþ ³ííîâàö³é òà ñòâîðåííþ äîäàíî¿ âàðòîñò³. Âîäíî- ÷àñ íà ñó÷àñíîìó åòàï³ öèôðîâî¿ òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ åêîíîì³êè âèíèêຠíåîáõ³äí³ñòü âèîêðåìëåííÿ «öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò» – ñóêóïíîñò³ öèôðîâèõ ÷èííèê³â, ÿê³ âèçíà÷àþòü åôåêòèâí³ñòü ³ øâèäê³ñòü ðîçâèòêó òàêèõ êëàñòåð³â. Íåìຠîäíîçíà÷- íî¿ ìåòîäîëî㳿 àíàë³çó âïëèâó öèõ ÷èííèê³â íà ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ êëàñòåð³â., îñê³ëüêè ïðîáëåìîþ º â³äñóòí³ñòü óçàãàëüíåíîãî ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî ï³äõîäó äî âèÿâëåííÿ òà îö³íêè öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò ðîçâèòêó ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â. Çà äîïîìîãîþ öèôðîâèõ òåõíîëîã³é (Ñòðàòåã³ÿ öèôðîâîãî ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³éíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ Óêðà¿íè äî 2030 ðîêó) [1–5], ìîæíà ñóòòºâî ï³äâèùèòè ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü êëàñòåð³â. Ç ³íøîãî áîêó, íåõòóâàííÿ öèôðîâèìè ÷èííèêàìè óïîâ³ëüíþº ³ííîâàö³éíèé ïðîãðåñ. Ñàìå òîìó ïîñòຠíåîáõ³äí³ñòü âèçíà÷åííÿ êëþ÷îâèõ öèôðîâèõ ÷èííèê³â íà ð³çíèõ ð³âíÿõ (â³ä çàãàëüíîäåðæàâíîãî äî ëîêàëüíîãî) ³ äîñë³äæåííÿ òîãî, ÿê ñàìå âîíè âïëèâàþòü íà ñòðóêòóðó ³ ôóíêö³¿ êëàñòåðó. Àíàë³ç äîñë³äæåíü òà ïóáë³êàö³é ç ïðîáëåìè. Ïðîáëåìàòèêà ôîðìóâàííÿ òà ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³éíèõ êëàñòåð³â îõîïëåíà ÷èñëåííèìè äîñë³äæåííÿìè. Çîêðåìà, Ì. Ïîðòåð îïèñàâ êëàñòåðè ÿê ñêóï÷åííÿ âçàºìîïîâ’ÿçàíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ ³ çàêëàä³â, ùî ï³äâèùóþòü êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæí³ñòü ÷åðåç ñï³âïðàöþ [1]. Òàê³ êëàñòåðè ñïðèéìàþòü ÿê «çâåäåíó ñèñòåìó ³ííîâàö³é», äå ìຠì³ñöå âåëèêà ÷àñòêà ðèíêîâèõ çíàíü, òîìó ïîë³òèêè ïîâèíí³ âðàõîâóâàòè ¿õ äèíàì³êó. Óêðà¿íñüê³ â÷åí³ çâåðòàþòü óâàãó íà îñîáëèâîñò³ ì³ñöåâèõ ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â, ÿê³ ïîâèíí³ ôóíêö³îíóâàòè «ÿê ºäèíèé åêîíîì³÷íèé îðãàí³çì», ñòâîðþþ÷è çàìêíó òåõíîëîã³÷íó ëàíêó ³ííîâàö³éíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ ³ íàóêîâî–îñâ³òí³õ óñòàíîâ [2]. Õàðàêòåðíîþ ðèñîþ êëàñòåðà º ò³ñí³ ì³æîñîáèñò³ñí³ çâ’ÿçêè ó÷àñíèê³â, ïîáóäîâàí³ íà â³äêðèòîñò³, äîâ³ð³ òà äîâãîñòðîêîâèõ ïàðòíåðñòâàõ [2]. Òàê, ×åðåâàòñüêèé Ä. Þ. [6] äîñë³äèâ ðîëü òà ôóíêö³¿ ïðîìèñëîâèõ êëàñòåðíèõ ñèñòåì ó ñòðóêòóðí³é ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ íàö³îíàëüíî¿ åêîíîì³êè â óìîâàõ âîºííîãî ñòàíó òà â ï³ñëÿâîºííèé ïåð³îä. Àâòîð îá´ðóíòóâàâ êëàñòåðíèé ï³äõ³ä, ÿê òàêèé, ùî ìîæå ñòàòè ³íñòèòóö³éíîþ îñíîâîþ ùîäî ïîñèëåííÿ ³ííîâàö³éíî¿ êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæíîñò³ òà ³íòåãðàö³¿ íàö³îíàëüíèõ âèðîáíèê³â ó ïðîñò³ð ªÑ. ªðøîâà Î. Î., Ãîí÷àðåíêî ². Ì. òà Ãàíóùàê–ªô³ìåíêî Ë. Ì. ó ñâî¿é ïðàö³ [7] äîñë³äèëè êëàñòåðîîá’ºäíàí³ ï³äïðèºìñòâà ó ôîêóñ³ ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó á³çíåñó òà âèçíà÷èëè îñîáëèâîñò³ ³ííîâàö³éíèõ êëàñòåð³â. Äîñë³äíèö³ íàãîëîñèëè íà âàæëèâîñò³ ðîçâèòêó ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â, íàâåëè ðîçïîä³ë êëàñòåð³â çà òèïîì òà ñòðóêòóðîþ òà îá´ðóíòóâàëè âàæëèâ³ñòü ñòâîðåííÿ òà ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³éíèõ êëàñòåðîîá’ºäíàíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ àáî ³ííîâàö³éíèõ êëàñòåð³â. Íàñòóïíà ãðóïà â÷åíèõ Ãóöàëþê Î. Ì., Áîíäàð Þ. À., Æóðèëî ². Â. òà Ñîêîëåíêî À. Â. [8] äîñë³äèëè ñòðàòåã³÷í³ ï³äõîäè äî ðîçâèòêó ìàëîãî òà ñåðåäíüîãî á³çíåñó ó êîíòåêñò³ ¿õ ³íòåãðàö³¿ â ³ííîâàö³éíî–îð³ºíòîâàí³ êëàñòåðí³ ñèñòåìè. Àâòîðàìè áóëî îïèñàíî áàçîâ³ ÷èííèêè åôåêòèâíîãî ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ òàêèõ ñòðóêòóð òà ôîðìóëþâàííÿ ïðàêòè÷íèõ ðåêîìåíäàö³é ùîäî ñòèìóëþâàííÿ ³ííîâàö³éíî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ ï³äïðèºìñòâ. Âîéíè÷à Ë. òà Êîæåëü Ï. [9] ïðîàíàë³çóâàëè òà âèçíà÷èëè êëàñèô³êàö³þ êëàñòåð³â ó êîíòåêñò³ óïðàâë³ííÿ ³ííîâàö³éíî–³íâåñòèö³éíèì ðîçâèòêîì îá’ºäíàíü ï³äïðèºìñòâ. Â÷åí³ äîñë³äèëè ³ñíóþ÷³ ï³äõîäè äî òèïîëî㳿 êëàñòåð³â (ïðè÷èíí³, ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüí³, òåõíîëîã³÷í³), òà ðåêîìåíäóâàëè ñòâîðåííÿ íàóêîâî îá´ðóíòîâàíî¿ êëàñèô³êàö³¿ êëàñòåð³â, ùî ñïðÿìîâàíå íà ðîçâèòîê ³ííîâàö³é, öèðêóëÿðíî¿ åêîíîì³êè òà öèôðîâ³çàö³¿. Ëàâðóõ³íà Ê. Î. òà Êðàâ÷óê Î. À. [10] âèçíà÷èëè ³ííîâàö³éí³ àñïåêòè êëàñòåðíèõ óòâîðåíü â êîíòåêñò³ öèôðîâî¿ òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ òà äîñë³äèëè âïëèâ ²Ò– òåõíîëîã³é íà ðîçâèòîê êëàñòåð³â. Äîñë³äíèêè Áóáåíêî Ï. Ò. òà Äð³ëü Í. Â. [11] ðîçðîáèëè êîíöåïö³þ ùîäî ïðèðîäè òà õàðàêòåðèñòèê êëàñòåðíèõ ôîðì ñó÷àñíî¿ òåðèòîð³àëüíî¿ îðãàí³çàö³¿ ³ííîâàö³éíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³, ðîçãëÿäàþ÷è ¿õ ÿê ñâîºð³äí³ ìåðåæåâ³ ñòðóêòóðè, ùî º â³äîáðàæåííÿì íàóêîâèõ ³ âèðîáíè÷î–ãîñïîäàðñüêèõ ñèñòåì íà êîíêðåòí³é òåðèòîð³¿. Àâòîðè äîâîäÿòü, ùî åêîíîì³÷íà ñèëà òàêî¿ òåðèòî𳿠âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ íå ëèøå îáñÿãàìè ðåàë³çàö³¿ ³ííîâàö³éíèõ ïðîäóêò³â, àëå é ñèíåðãåòè÷íèì ïîòåíö³àëîì óñ³º¿ êëàñòåðíî¿ ìåðåæ³ òà ¿¿ âïëèâîì íà íàö³îíàëüí³ é ãëîáàëüí³ ðèíêè. Âîäíî÷àñ ïèòàííÿ öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò çàëèøàþòüñÿ íåäîñòàòíüî âèñâ³òëåíèìè â óêðà- ¿íñüê³é íàóêîâ³é ë³òåðàòóð³. ª ïðàö³ ç öèôðîâî¿ òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ çàãàëîì (çîêðåìà, äîñë³äæåííÿ öèôðîâèõ «àêòèâàòîð³â» òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó [5]), àëå â³äñóòí³ óçàãàëüíåí³ äîñë³äæåííÿ ñàìå â
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 32 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww êîíòåêñò³ êëàñòåð³â. Ó çàðóá³æí³é ë³òåðàòóð³ çâåðòàþòü óâàãó íà âàæëèâ³ñòü íàö³îíàëüíèõ ³ ðåã³îíàëüíèõ ïîë³òèê, ñïðÿìîâàíèõ íà ³íôîðìàòèçàö³þ, à òàêîæ íà ðîëü ³íôðàñòðóêòóðíèõ ³ ëþäñüêèõ ðåñóðñ³â ó ñòèìóëþâàíí³ ³ííîâàö³éíèõ êëàñòåð³â [1]. Òàêèì ÷èíîì, ³äåéíèé ïðîá³ë ïîëÿãຠó ïîòðåá³ ãëèáîêîãî ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî âèâ÷åííÿ öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò ðîçâèòêó ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â, ùî ïîòðåáóº ³íòåãðàö³¿ òåîð³é êëàñòåð³â òà öèôðîâ³çàö³¿ åêîíîì³êè, îö³íêè ìàêðî–, ìåçî– òà ì³êðîð³âíåâèõ ÷èííèê³â. Âèêëàä îñíîâíîãî ìàòåð³àëó. ²ííîâàö³éíèé êëàñòåð ðîçãëÿäàºòüñÿ ÿê ñêëàäíà ñèñòåìà, ñòðóêòóðó ÿêî¿ ñòàíîâëÿòü ²Ò–êîìïàí³¿, íàóêîâ³ é îñâ³òí³ çàêëàäè, ïîñåðåäíèöüê³ îðãàí³çàö³¿, ïàðòíåðñüê³ ìåðåæ³ òà ³íñòèòóòè ñï³âïðàö³. Ôóíêö³ÿìè òàêî¿ ñèñòåìè º ðîçðîáêà òà âïðîâàäæåííÿ íîâèõ òåõíîëîã³é, îáì³í çíàííÿìè, êîîðäèíàö³ÿ ñï³ëüíèõ ïðîºêò³â, ïðîñóâàííÿ ïðîäóêò³â íà ðèíêàõ, íàâ÷àííÿ êàäð³â òà ³íøå. Ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíèé ï³äõ³ä º ìåòîäîëîã³÷íîþ îñíîâîþ äëÿ àíàë³çó òà ìîäåëþâàííÿ ³ííîâàö³éíèõ êëàñòåð³â ó ñôåð³ ³íôîðìàö³éíèõ òåõíîëîã³é, ùî ïåðåäáà÷ຠâèâ÷åííÿ íå ò³ëüêè îêðåìèõ åëåìåíò³â êëàñòåðà (êîìïàí³é, ³íôðàñòðóêòóð, îñâ³òí³õ òà íàóêîâèõ óñòàíîâ), à é âçàºìîçâ’ÿçê³â ì³æ íèìè, ÿê³ ñòâîðþþòü ºäèíó åôåêòèâíó ñèñòåìó äëÿ ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³é. Ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíèé ï³äõ³ä äîçâîëÿº ³íòåãðóâàòè ð³çí³ åëåìåíòè öèôðîâî¿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè òà âèçíà÷àòè, ÿê çì³íè â îäí³é ÷àñòèí³ ñèñòåìè âïëèâàþòü íà âñþ åêîñèñòåìó. Êëþ÷îâ³ àñïåêòè ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî ï³äõîäó ïîëÿãàþòü â íàñòóïíîìó: • ñòðóêòóðà êëàñòåðó – öå ñóêóïí³ñòü åëåìåíò³â, ÿê³ âçàºìîä³þòü ³ ôóíêö³îíóþòü ÿê ºäèíå ö³ëå, âêëþ÷àþ÷è ²Ò–êîìïàí³¿, äåðæàâí³ îðãàíè, îñâ³òí³ òà íàóêîâ³ ³íñòèòóòè, ô³íàíñîâ³ óñòàíîâè; • ôóíêö³îíàëüí³ çâ’ÿçêè – öå ïðîöåñè îáì³íó ³íôîðìàö³ºþ, çíàííÿìè òà ³íâåñòèö³ÿìè ì³æ åëåìåíòàìè ñèñòåìè, ùî çàáåçïå÷óþòü ¿¿ åôåêòèâíå ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ ³ ³ííîâàö³éíèé ðîçâèòîê; • öèôðîâ³ äåòåðì³íàíòè – öå ÷èííèêè, ÿê³ âèçíà÷àþòü åôåêòèâí³ñòü ³ äèíàì³êó êëàñòåð³â ó öèôðîâîìó ñåðåäîâèù³, âêëþ÷àþ÷è òåõíîëîã³÷íó ³íôðàñòðóêòóðó, äîñòóïí³ñòü äàíèõ, ð³âåíü öèôðîâî¿ îñâ³òè, ³íâåñòèö³éíó ïðèâàáëèâ³ñòü òîùî. Çàñòîñóâàííÿ ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî ï³äõîäó äîçâîëÿº ñèñòåìàòèçóâàòè êëþ÷îâ³ êîìïîíåíòè ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â òà âèçíà÷èòè ìåõàí³çìè ¿õ âçàºìî䳿 äëÿ äîñÿãíåííÿ âèñîêî¿ ³ííîâàö³éíî¿ àêòèâíîñò³. Àêòóàëüí³ñòü ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî ï³äõîäó â êîíòåêñò³ ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³éíèõ ²Ò– êëàñòåð³â çóìîâëåíà ê³ëüêîìà ôàêòîðàìè (ðèñ. 1). Ñó÷àñíà åêîíîì³êà ïåðåæèâຠåòàï öèôðîâî¿ òðàíñôîðìàö³¿, ³ ²Ò–ñåêòîð ñòຠãîëîâíèì äðàéâåðîì öüîãî ïðîöåñó, äå ðîçâèòîê ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â º Ðèñóíîê 1. Àêòóàëüí³ñòü ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíîãî ï³äõîäó â êîíòåêñò³ ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³éíèõ ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â Äæåðåëî: çãðóïîâàíî àâòîðîì íà îñíîâ³ [4–11].
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 33 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww âàæëèâèì ÷èííèêîì çàáåçïå÷åííÿ êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæíîñò³ íàö³îíàëüíèõ åêîíîì³ê, îñîáëèâî ó êðà¿íàõ, ùî ïðàãíóòü äî òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî ë³äåðñòâà. ²ííîâàö³¿ â ²Ò–ñôåð³ øâèäêî çì³íþþòü ïðàâèëà ãðè íà ðèíêó, êîëè êëàñòåðè, ÿê³ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíèé ï³äõ³ä, çäàòí³ àäàïòóâàòèñÿ äî øâèäêî çì³íþâàíîãî öèôðîâîãî ñåðåäîâèùà, ³íòåãðóþ÷è íîâ³ òåõíîëî㳿 ³ ï³äòðèìóþ÷è âèñîêèé ð³âåíü ³ííîâàö³éíî¿ àêòèâíîñò³. Äëÿ åôåêòèâíîãî ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³éíèõ êëàñòåð³â âàæëèâî íå ëèøå ìàòè îêðåì³ âèñîêîòåõíîëîã³÷í³ êîìïàí³¿, àëå é ñòâîðþâàòè óìîâè äëÿ ¿õ âçàºìî䳿. Ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíèé ï³äõ³ä äîçâîëÿº ðîçãëÿíóòè öåé ïðîöåñ ó êîíòåêñò³ çàãàëüíî¿ öèôðîâî¿ åêîñèñòåìè, ùî º íåîáõ³äíîþ óìîâîþ äëÿ ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó. Òàêîæ â óìîâàõ ãëîáàë³çàö³¿ òà ³íòåãðàö³¿ ðèíê³â ³ííîâàö³éíèé ðîçâèòîê ñòຠìîæëèâèì ëèøå çà óìîâè êîìïëåêñíîãî ï³äõîäó, ùî îá’ºäíóº âñ³ êîìïîíåíòè öèôðîâî¿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè, ùî âêëþ÷ຠíå ò³ëüêè ²Ò–êîìïàí³¿, àëå é íàóêîâ³ óñòàíîâè, îðãàíè âëàäè, ³íâåñòèö³éí³ ñòðóêòóðè òà ³íø³ åëåìåíòè, ùî çàáåçïå÷óþòü åôåêòèâí³ñòü ³ ñòàë³ñòü ²Ò–êëàñòåðó. Ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíèé ï³äõ³ä äî äîñë³äæåííÿ öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò ðîçâèòêó ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â º âàæëèâèì ³íñòðóìåíòîì äëÿ àíàë³çó, ðîçóì³ííÿ ³ ïîêðàùåííÿ ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ ³ííîâàö³éíèõ êëàñòåð³â ó öèôðîâó åïîõó, ùî äîçâîëÿº ³íòåãðóâàòè ð³çí³ åëåìåíòè òà ÷èííèêè, ùî âïëèâàþòü íà åôåêòèâí³ñòü êëàñòåð³â, òà ñòâîðþº ïåðåäóìîâè äëÿ ñòàëîãî ³ äèíàì³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³éíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ â óìîâàõ öèôðîâî¿ òðàíñôîðìàö³¿. Ó ñòðóêòóðíî–ôóíêö³îíàëüíîìó ï³äõîä³ àíàë³çóþòü íå ëèøå êîìïîíåíòè (ñòðóêòóðó), à é òå, ÿê³ ðîë³ (ôóíêö³¿) âîíè âèêîíóþòü â åêîñèñòåì³. Ç îãëÿäó íà öå, öèôðîâ³ ÷èííèêè ðîçãëÿäàþòüñÿ ÿê îñîáëèâèé íàá³ð åëåìåíò³â ñåðåäîâèùà, ùî òðàíñôîðìóþòü ³ äîïîâíþþòü ôóíêö³¿ êëàñòåðó. Çã³äíî ç ïðàöÿìè äîñë³äíèê³â [1–15], êëàñòåðè ïîâèíí³ ä³ÿòè ÿê ºäèíèé «åêîíîì³÷íèé îðãàí³çì», äå âàæëèâà ãîðèçîíòàëüíà âçàºìîä³ÿ ó÷àñíèê³â íà îñíîâ³ äîâ³ðè òà ñï³ëüíèõ ö³ëåé. Ïðîòå ïðàêòèêà ïîêàçóº, ùî òàê³ îðãàí³çìè ÷àñòî ñòèêàþòüñÿ ç âíóòð³øí³ìè ñóïåðå÷íîñòÿìè òà ïðîáëåìàìè êîîðäèíàö³¿. Ó öüîìó êîíòåêñò³ öèôðîâ³ òåõíîëî㳿 âèñòóïàþòü ÿê ÷èííèêè, ùî ìîæóòü ÿê ïîëåãøóâàòè êîîðäèíàö³þ (÷åðåç öèôðîâ³ ïëàòôîðìè âçàºìî䳿, îíëàéí–³íñòðóìåíòè), òàê ³ ñòâîðþâàòè íîâ³ ïåðåøêîäè (êèáåðáåçïåêà, íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ïîñò³éíîãî îíîâëåííÿ çíàíü). Íà îñíîâ³ îãëÿäó ë³òåðàòóðè [4–15] çàïðîïîíîâàíî íàñòóïíó êëàñèô³êàö³þ îñíîâíèõ öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò ðîçâèòêó ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â: ³íôðàñòðóêòóðí³, êàäðîâ³, ³ííîâàö³éíî–åêîñèñòåìí³, óðÿäîâ³, ì³æíàðîäí³ òà áåçïåêîâ³. Äëÿ çðó÷íîñò³ íàâåäåíî ¿õ ó òàáëè÷íîìó ôîðìàò³ (òàáë. 1). Ç òàáë. 1 âèäíî, ùî öèôðîâ³ ÷èííèêè îõîïëþþòü øèðîêèé ñïåêòð ñôåð – â³ä ô³çè÷íî¿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè äî çàêîíîäàâ÷î¿ ï³äòðèìêè é êóëüòóðíèõ àñïåêò³â öèôðîâ³çàö³¿. Ðîçãëÿíåìî îêðåìî âïëèâ öèôðîâèõ ÷èííèê³â íà ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ ²Ò– êëàñòåð³â íà ìàêðî–, ìåçî– òà ì³êðîð³âí³. Ìàêðîð³âåíü (ôîðìóâàííÿ íàö³îíàëüíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà) – öèôðîâ³ äåòåðì³íàíòè ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ç äåðæàâíèìè ïîë³òèêàìè òà ñòðàòåã³ÿìè.  Óêðà¿í³ óõâàëåíî Ñòðàòåã³þ öèôðîâîãî ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³é äî 2030 ðîêó («WINWIN»), ùî îêðåñëþº áà÷åííÿ êðà¿íè ÿê òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî ë³äåðà òà âèçíà÷ຠö³ë³ ç öèôðîâ³çàö³¿ åêîíîì³êè. Òàêà ñòðàòåã³ÿ ïåðåäáà- ÷ຠðîçâèòîê ²Ò–³íôðàñòðóêòóðè, IT–îñâ³òè, ñïðèÿííÿ ðîçâèòêó ìåðåæ ñòàðòàï³â ³ âïðîâàäæåííþ åëåêòðîííèõ ñåðâ³ñ³â. Íà ìàêðîð³âí³ êðèòè÷íîþ º Òàáëèöÿ 1. Êëàñèô³êàö³ÿ îñíîâíèõ öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò ðîçâèòêó ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â Äæåðåëî: çàïðîïîíîâàíî àâòîðîì Êàòåãîð³ÿ Äåòåðì³íàíòè Ïðèêëàäè ïðîÿâó ²íôðàñòðóêòóðà Øèðîêîñìóãîâèé ³íòåðíåò, äàòà–öåíòðè, 5G ìåðåæ³. Øâèäê³ñòü ³ íàä³éí³ñòü çâ’ÿçêó, äàòà– ðîçì³ùåííÿ õìàð. Êàäðîâèé ïîòåíö³àë ²Ò–îñâ³òà, ïðîôåñ³éí³ òðåí³íãè, ì³ãðàö³ÿ ²Ò–ôàõ³âö³â. Êâàë³ô³êàö³ÿ êàäð³â, êîíêóðåíö³ÿ çà òàëàíòè. ²ííîâàö³éíà åêîñèñòåìà Ñòàðòàï–³íêóáàòîðè, R&D–öåíòðè, âåí÷óðíå ô³íàíñóâàííÿ. ʳëüê³ñòü ñòàðòàï³â òà ïàòåíò³â, íàÿâí³ñòü àêñåëåðàòîð³â. Óðÿäîâ³ ³í³ö³àòèâè Ñòðàòå㳿 ðîçâèòêó ²Ò, ïîäàòêîâ³ ñòèìóëè, ðåãóëÿòîðí³ ðàìêè. Çàêîíîòâîð÷³ñòü («Ä³ÿ.ѳò³»), ïðîãðàìè ï³äòðèìêè. ̳æíàðîäíà ³íòåãðàö³ÿ Åêñïîðò ²Ò–ïîñëóã, ó÷àñòü ó ãëîáàëüíèõ ìåðåæàõ, ì³æíàðîäí³ ãðàíòè. Íîâ³ çîâí³øí³ ðèíêè, ñï³ëüí³ R&D– ïðîºêòè. Öèôðîâà áåçïåêà ʳáåðçàõèñò, çàõèñò ïåðñîíàëüíèõ äàíèõ, åëåêòðîííà äîâ³ðà. гâåíü äîâ³ðè ê볺íò³â, íàä³éí³ñòü ²Ò– ñåðâ³ñ³â.
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 34 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww íàÿâí³ñòü ñòèìóëþþ÷èõ ïîë³òèê (ïîäàòêîâ³ ï³ëüãè äëÿ IT–êîìïàí³é, ³íâåñòèö³¿ ó öèôðîâ³ ïðîºêòè, ãàðìîí³çàö³ÿ ç ì³æíàðîäíèìè ñòàíäàðòàìè). Íàïðèêëàä, ó ïîºäíàíí³ ç âîºííèìè âèêëèêàìè äåðæàâà ðàçîì ç ì³æíàðîäíèìè ïàðòíåðàìè ï³äòðèìóº ïðîºêòè ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â (êâàë³ô³êàö³éí³ ïðîãðàìè, ê³áåðáåçïåêà), ùî ìຠêîìïëåêñíèé åôåêò íà ¿õ ðîçâèòîê. Âàæëèâèì ìàêðîð³âíåâèì ÷èííèêîì òàêîæ º öèôðîâà åêîíîì³êà â ö³ëîìó. ˳äåðñòâî â ãëîáàëüíèõ ðåéòèíãàõ ó ѳíãàïóðó, Åñòîí³¿, ²çðà¿ë³ äåìîíñòðóº, ÿê ìàêðîåêîíîì³÷íà ïîë³òèêà é äåðæàâí³ ³íâåñòèö³¿ â IT–³íôðàñòðóêòóðó òà îñâ³òó ñòàþòü ïîòóæíèìè äðàéâåðàìè çðîñòàííÿ ðåã³îíàëüíèõ òåõíîãðóïóâàíü. Ìåçîð³âåíü (ðåã³îíàëüí³ òà ãàëóçåâ³ ðàìêè) – öèôðîâ³ äåòåðì³íàíòè ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ç ä³ÿìè ì³ñöåâèõ îðãàí³â âëàäè, êëàñòåðíèõ àñîö³àö³é òà ãðîìàäñüêèõ ³í³ö³àòèâ. Òàê, Õàðê³âñüêèé ²Ò–êëàñòåð êîîðäèíóº ïðîãðàìó îáëàñíî¿ ðàäè «IT–Õàðê³âùèíà», ñïðÿìîâàíó íà ðîçâèòîê òåëåêîìóí³êàö³éíîãî ñåêòîðó ðåã³îíó [16]. Àíàëîã³÷íî, Êè¿âñüêèé ²Ò–êëàñòåð ðåàë³çóº ïðîºêò äåðæàâíî–ïðèâàòíîãî ïàðòíåðñòâà «iCity», ùî ïåðåäáà÷ຠíàäàííÿ ì³ñüêèõ ïðèì³ùåíü äëÿ ñòâîðåííÿ òåõíîõàáó é öåíòðó ñòàðòàï³â ç ôîêóñîì íà âèð³øåííÿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðíèõ çàâäàíü [16]. Òàêèì ÷èíîì, ì³ñöåâ³ ³í³ö³àòèâè â ãàëóç³ öèôðîâîãî ðîçâèòêó (òåõíîïàðêè, öåíòðè îáðîáêè äàíèõ, ïðîãðàìè ëîÿëüíîñò³ äëÿ ²Ò–ñïåö³àë³ñò³â) º âàæëèâèì äåòåðì³íàíòîì åêîñèñòåìè. Ó Ëüâîâ³, íàïðèêëàä, ²Ò–êëàñòåð àêòèâíî ñï³âïðàöþº ç ì³ñüêîþ âëàäîþ òà óí³âåðñèòåòàìè äëÿ îíîâëåííÿ îñâ³òí³õ ïðîãðàì – ó 2024 ðîö³ ïîëîâèíà àá³òóð³ºíò³â ðåã³îíó îáðàëà ïðîô³ëüí³ ²Ò–ïðîãðàìè, ðîçðîáëåí³ çà ó÷àñò³ êëàñòåðó. ̳êðîð³âåíü – ñï³ëüí³ îñâ³òí³ ïðîºêòè, àêñåëåðàòîðè, êëóáè êîó÷³â òà îíëàéíîâ³ ïëàòôîðìè íåòâîðê³íãó (çàêðèò³ ²Ò–êëóáè äëÿ ìîëîä³, ïðîºêòè òåõí³÷íî¿ îñâ³òè ïðè óí³âåðñèòåòàõ) çóìîâëþþòü ÿê³ñòü ëþäñüêîãî êàï³òàëó ³ øâèäê³ñòü ³ííîâàö³éíîãî îáì³íó âñåðåäèí³ êëàñòåðà. Ó ïîð³âíÿíí³ ç ì³æíàðîäíèìè ìîäåëÿìè, óêðà- ¿íñüêèé äîñâ³ä êëàñòåðèçàö³¿ ²Ò–ï³äïðèºìñòâ ìຠÿê ñï³ëüí³ ðèñè, òàê ³ â³äì³ííîñò³ (òàáë. 2). Îòæå, ì³æíàðîäíèé äîñâ³ä ï³äêðåñëþº, ùî óñï³õ ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â çóìîâëåíî êîìïëåêñíèì ïîºäíàííÿì öèôðîâî¿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè, îñâ³òí³õ ïðîãðàì ³ äåðæàâíèõ ñòèìóë³â. Âèñíîâêè Öèôðîâ³ äåòåðì³íàíòè â³ä³ãðàþòü âèð³øàëüíó ðîëü ó ôîðìóâàíí³ òà ðîçâèòêó ³ííîâàö³éíèõ ²Ò– êëàñòåð³â. Íà ìàêðîð³âí³ âèçíà÷àëüíèìè º íàÿâí³ñòü ³ ðåàë³çàö³ÿ äåðæàâíèõ ñòðàòåã³é öèôðîâî¿ òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ òà ³íôðàñòðóêòóðíèõ ïðîºêò³â, ÿê³ ñòâîðþþòü ñïðèÿòëèâèé êîíòåêñò äëÿ çðîñòàííÿ êëàñòåð³â. Íà ìåçîð³âí³ êëþ÷îâèìè ÷èííèêàìè º àêòèâíå ïàðòíåðñòâî êëàñòåð³â ç ì³ñöåâîþ âëàäîþ, ôîðìóâàííÿ ðåã³îíàëüíèõ öèôðîâèõ ³í³ö³àòèâ (òåõíîïàðêè, ²Ò–ïðîãðàìè), à òàêîæ ðîçâèòîê ìåðåæ ñï³âïðàö³ â ìåæàõ êëàñòåð³â. Íà ì³êðîð³âí³ âàæëèâî, ùîá îêðåì³ êîìïàí³¿ âèêîðèñòîâóâàëè ïåðåäîâ³ öèôðîâ³ òåõíîëî㳿 ó âëàñíèõ ïðîöåñàõ ³ ïðîäóêòàõ, à òàêîæ áðàëè ó÷àñòü ó ñï³ëüíèõ öèôðîâèõ ïðîºêòàõ ³ ïëàòôîðìàõ. Àíàë³ç óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ïðàêòèêè ï³äòâåðäæóº, ùî êëàñòåðè ç âèñîêèì öèôðîâèì êàï³òàëîì (ÿê Ëüâ³âñüêèé) ïîêàçóþòü êðàù³ ³ííîâàö³éí³ ðåçóëüòàòè. Âîäíî÷àñ ñëàáê³ñòü îðãàí³çàö³éíèõ ï³äõîä³â ìîæå ãàëüìóâàòè âïëèâ ïîòåíö³éíî âåëèêèõ êëàñòåð³â (ïðèêëàä Êèºâà). Òàáëèöÿ 2. Êëþ÷îâ³ ³í³ö³àòèâè òà ¿õí³ ðåçóëüòàòè ó ñôåð³ ²Ò òà ³ííîâàö³é Äæåðåëî: ïîáóäîâàíî àâòîðîì íà îñíîâ³ [1–11]. Êðà¿íà ²ííîâàö³éí³ ³í³ö³àòèâè òà êëàñòåðèçàö³ÿ ²Ò Îñîáëèâîñò³ òà ðåçóëüòàòè Ïîëüùà Òåõíîïàðêè òà êëàñòåðè («Êðåìí³ºâà äîëèíà» â Òðøèíö³), ïðîãðàìà «Industry 4.0», ïîäàòêîâ³ ï³ëüãè. Àêòèâíå ñòèìóëþâàííÿ ²Ò–³íâåñòèö³é, ðîçâèòîê öèôðîâèõ òåõíîëîã³é, çðîñòàííÿ ²Ò–åêñïîðòó. ѳíãàïóð Îñâ³òí³ õàáè òà íàóêîâî–òåõí³÷í³ ïàðêè (Fusionopolis, One–North). ˳äåð çà ðåéòèíãàìè ³ííîâàö³é, âèñîê³ ïîçèö³¿ çà ñòàðòàïàìè, âèðîáíèöòâîì âèñîêèõ òåõíîëîã³é, àêòèâí³ñòþ ðîçðîáíèê³â. Åñòîí³ÿ ²Ò–îñâ³òà, åëåêòðîíí³ ïîñëóãè, «e– Estonia». Äðóãå ì³ñöå â ñâ³ò³ çà âèêîðèñòàííÿì ²ÊÒ, âèñîêà îö³íêà çà îíëàéí–óðÿäóâàííÿ, ³íòåãðàö³ÿ ²Ò–êîìïàí³é ó öèôðîâó ³íôðàñòðóêòóðó. ²çðà¿ëü Òåõíîëîã³÷í³ õàáè (Òåëü–Àâ³â, Ãåðöë³ÿ), ï³äòðèìêà äåðæàâè òà â³éñüêîâèõ äîñë³äæåíü. ˳äåð ó ô³íàíñóâàíí³ ñòàðòàï³â, ³íâåñòèö³ÿõ ó R&D, åêñïîðò³ ²ÊÒ–ïîñëóã, ñòâîðåííÿ «óí³êîðí³â».
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 35 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww  ðåçóëüòàò³ áóëî çàïðîïîíîâàíî ðÿä òàêèõ çàõîä³â: ϳäñèëåííÿ íàö³îíàëüíèõ öèôðîâèõ ³í³ö³àòèâ – íåîáõ³äíî çàáåçïå÷èòè ³íòåãðàö³þ íàö³îíàëüíèõ ñòðàòåã³é (WINWIN, «Ä³ÿ.ѳò³» òà ³í.) ç ïðîãðàìàìè ï³äòðèìêè êëàñòåð³â, ñòâîðþþ÷è ì³æóðÿäîâ³ ïëàòôîðìè äëÿ êîîðäèíàö³¿ ä³é. ϳäòðèìêà êëàñòåðíî¿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè – ðåêîìåíäóºòüñÿ ñòèìóëþâàòè ñòâîðåííÿ ðåã³îíàëüíèõ äàòà–öåíòð³â, 5G–ìåðåæ, õìàðíèõ ñåðâ³ñ³â ñï³ëüíîãî êîðèñòóâàííÿ, ùîá óñ³ ó÷àñíèêè êëàñòåðó ìàëè äîñòóï äî ñó÷àñíî¿ ²Ò–³íôðàñòðóêòóðè. Îñâ³òí³ òà êàäðîâ³ ïðîãðàìè – ðîçâèâàòè ñï³ëüí³ îñâ³òí³ ïðîºêòè (ìîëîä³æí³ ²Ò–êëóáè, êóðñè, äóàëüíà îñâ³òà) â ìåæàõ êëàñòåð³â, çàëó÷àòè ì³æíàðîäíèé äîñâ³ä äëÿ ï³äâèùåííÿ êâàë³ô³êàö³¿ ôàõ³âö³â. Óðÿäîâî–ïðèâàòíå ïàðòíåðñòâî – çà ïðèêëàäîì ïðîºêòó «iCity», äåðæàâ³ ñë³ä á³ëüøå çàëó÷àòè êëàñòåðè äî ðîçâèòêó òåõíîïàðê³â ³ ñòàðòàï– öåíòð³â. Àñîö³àö³¿ ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â ìîæóòü âèñòóïàòè ÿê êëþ÷îâ³ ïàðòíåðè ì³ñöåâî¿ âëàäè â öèôðîâ³é òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ ðåã³îí³â. Äîòðèìàííÿ ñòàíäàðò³â ê³áåðáåçïåêè – ñë³ä çàáåçïå÷èòè çàõèñò äàíèõ ³ ê³áåðáåçïåêó ó ðàìêàõ êëàñòåðíèõ ³í³ö³àòèâ, àäæå äîâ³ðà á³çíåñó é ³íâåñòîð³â äî öèôðîâèõ ð³øåíü º êðèòè÷íîþ äëÿ ñò³éêîñò³ êëàñòåð³â. Óñ³ íàâåäåí³ ðåêîìåíäàö³¿ ´ðóíòóþòüñÿ íà ñï³ëüíîìó ðîçóì³íí³, ùî ²Ò–êëàñòåðè â³ä³ãðàþòü ðîëü «ñïîëó÷íî¿ ëàíêè» ì³æ ï³äïðèºìñòâàìè, óí³âåðñèòåòàìè òà íàóêîâèìè öåíòðàìè, ñïðèÿþ- ÷è òåõíîëîã³÷íîìó ðîçâèòêó òà öèôðîâ³é òðàíñôîðìàö³¿. Ïîñèëåííÿ öèôðîâèõ äåòåðì³íàíò íà âñ³õ ð³âíÿõ (ìàêðî, ìåçî, ì³êðî) äîçâîëèòü çðîáèòè êëàñòåðè á³ëüø àäàïòèâíèìè òà ³ííîâàö³éíî åôåêòèâíèìè, çàêð³ïèâøè ïîçèö³¿ Óêðà¿íè â ãëîáàëüíîìó òåõíîïðîñòîð³. Ñïèñîê âèêîðèñòàíèõ äæåðåë: 1. Innovative Clusters (2025). Drivers of National Innovation Systems. URL: https://www.oecd.org/en/ publications/innovative–clusters_9789264193383– en.html#abstract. 2. Ìàçíºâ, Ã.ª. (2013). ²ííîâàö³éíà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü òà ³íòåëåêòóàëüíèé êàï³òàë. Åêîíîì³êà ÀÏÊ, 8, 63–67. 3. Çàêîí Óêðà¿íè Ïðî ñòèìóëþâàííÿ ðîçâèòêó öèôðîâî¿ åêîíîì³êè â Óêðà¿í³ (2025). URL: https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/1667–20#Text. 4. Ñîëîäêèé, Â. Â. (2025). Ðîçâèòîê ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â â Óêðà¿í³ òà ¿õ çíà÷åííÿ ó â³äáóäîâ³ åêîíîì³êè Óêðà¿- íè. Åêîíîì³êà òà ñóñï³ëüñòâî, 72. DOI: https://doi. org/10.32782/2524–0072/2025–72–75. 5. Óìàíö³â, Þ. Ì. & Á³ëÿâñüêà, Þ. Â. (2024). Öèôðîâ³ äåòåðì³íàíòè òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó åêîíîì³êè. Åêîíîì³÷íèé â³ñíèê Äí³ïðîâñüêî¿ ïîë³òåõí³êè, 2, 9–20. https://doi.org/10.33271/ebdut/86.009. 6. ×åðåâàòñüêèé, Ä. Þ. (2025). Ïðîìèñëîâ³ êëàñòåðí³ ñèñòåìè ÿê ñòðàòåã³÷íèé ³íñòðóìåíò ³ííîâàö³éíîãî â³äíîâëåííÿ åêîíîì³êè Óêðà¿íè. ³ñíèê åêîíîì³÷- íî¿ íàóêè Óêðà¿íè, 1 (48), 209–214. DO²: https://do³. org/10.37405/1729–7206.2025.1(48).209–214. 7. ªðøîâà, Î. Î. Ãîí÷àðåíêî, ². Ì. & Ãàíóùàê– ªô³ìåíêî, Ë. Ì. (2023). Êëàñòåðîîá’ºäíàí³ ï³äïðèºìñòâà ÿê ³ííîâàö³éíà ôîðìà ðîçâèòêó á³çíåñó. Æóðíàë ñòðàòåã³÷íèõ åêîíîì³÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü, 3, 16–26. DOI: 10.30857/2786–5398.2023.3.2. 8. Ãóöàëþê, Î. Ì., Áîíäàð, Þ. À., Æóðèëî, ². Â. & Ñîêîëåíêî, À. Â. (2025). Ñòðàòåã³÷íèé ðîçâèòîê ï³äïðèºìñòâ ìàëîãî òà ñåðåäíüîãî á³çíåñó â ñèñòåì³ ³ííîâàö³éíî–³íòåãðîâàíèõ êëàñòåðíèõ ñòðóêòóð. Åêîíîì³÷íèé â³ñíèê Äîíáàñó, 1, 77–85. DOI: https://doi. org/10.12958/1817–3772–2025–1(79)–77–85. 9. Âîéíè÷à, Ë. & Êîæåëü, Ï. (2024). Êëàñèô³êàö³ÿ êëàñòåð³â â óïðàâë³íí³ ³ííîâàö³éíî ³íâåñòèö³éíèì ðîçâèòêîì îá’ºäíàíü ï³äïðèºìñòâ. Àãðàðíà åêîíîì³êà, 17, 2, 12–24. https:// 10.31734/ agrarecon2024.02.012. 10. Ëàâðóõ³íà, Ê. Î. & Êðàâ÷óê, Î. À. (2024). ²ííîâàö³éí³ àñïåêòè êëàñòåðíèõ ³í³ö³àòèâ â óìîâàõ öèôðîâ³çàö³¿ åêîíîì³êè Óêðà¿íè. Ïðîáëåìè ³ ïåðñïåêòèâè åêîíîì³êè òà óïðàâë³ííÿ, 2, 21–33. DOI: https://doi. org/10.25140/2411–5215–2024–2(38)–21–33. 11. Áóáåíêî, Ï. Ò. & Äð³ëü, Í. Â. (2023). Äåòåðì³íàíòè êëàñòåðèçàö³¿ â êîíòåêñò³ òåðèòîð³àëüíîãî ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó. Á³çíåñ ²íôîðì, 11, 103–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32983/2222–4459–2023– 11–103–108. 12. Puzyrova P. (2019). Cluster education management concept through the prism of financial risk optimization and resource support. Ìåíåäæìåíò, 2 (30), 62–74. DOI: 10.30857/2415–3206.2019.2.5. 13. Olshanska, O., Puzyrova, P. & Shevchenko, O. (2023). Integrative approach and clusterization as elements of effective tourism industry management in the conditions of sustainable development. Ìåíåäæìåíò, 2 (38), 48–60. DOI: 10.30857/ 2415–3206. 2023.2.4. 14. Sadovskyi, Ie. & Puzyrova, P. V. (2024). Theoretical and conceptual basis for the functioning of innovation clusters in the sphere of information technologies.
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 36 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww Æóðíàë ñòðàòåã³÷íèõ åêîíîì³÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü, 4 (21), 111–119. 10.30857/2786–5398.2024.4.10. 15. Ïóçèðüîâà, Ï. & Ñàäîâñüêèé, ª. (2025). Åêîñèñòåìà ³ííîâàö³éíèõ ²Ò–êëàñòåð³â â êîíòåêñò³ öèôðîâî¿ òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ òà ñòàëîãî ðîçâèòêó. Â÷åí³ çàïèñêè Óí³âåðñèòåòó «ÊÐÎÊ», 1(77), 42–53. https://doi. org/10.31732/2663–2209–2025–77–42–53. 16. Êîö, Ã. Ï. & Ãàâðèëîâà, À. À. (2024). Àíàë³ç àêòèâíîñò³ ³ò–êëàñòåð³â çà ðåã³îíàìè–ë³äåðàìè ²Ò–ãàëóç³ Óêðà¿íè. https://repository.hneu.edu.ua/bitstream.pdf. 17. Kyiv IT Cluster (2020). Top 5 IT–Cluster Rankings. Ucluster. URL: ucluster.org. 18. ²ííîâàö³éí³ êëàñòåðè(2021). Êëþ÷îâ³ äðàéâåðè åêîíîì³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó ðåã³îí³â. ²âàíî–Ôðàíê³âñüêà êëàñòåðíà àñîö³àö³ÿ. URL: clusters.org.ua. References: 1. Innovative Clusters (2025). Drivers of National Innovation Systems. URL: https://www.oecd.org/en/ publications/innovative–clusters_9789264193383– en.html#abstract [in English]. 2. Mazniev, H. Ye. (2013). Innovatsiina diialnist ta intelektualnyi kapital [Innovation activity and intellectual capital]. Ekonomika APK = Economics of the AIC, 8, 63– 67 [in Ukraine]. 3. Zakon Ukrainy Pro stymuliuvannia rozvytku tsyfrovoi ekonomiky v Ukraini (2025). Law of Ukraine on Stimulating the Development of the Digital Economy in Ukraine URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/1667– 20#Text [in Ukraine]. 4. Solodkyi, V. V. (2025). Rozvytok IT–klasteriv v Ukraini ta yikh znachennia u vidbudovi ekonomiky Ukrainy [Development of IT clusters in Ukraine and their importance in the restoration of Ukraine’s economy]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo = Economics and Society, 72. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.32782/2524–0072/2025–72–75 [in Ukraine]. 5. Umantsiv, Yu. M. & Biliavska, Yu. V. (2024). Tsyfrovi determinanty tekhnolohichnoho rozvytku ekonomiky [Digital determinants of technological development of the economy]. Ekonomichnyi visnyk Dniprovskoi politekhniky = Economic Bulletin of Dnipro Polytechnic, 2, 9–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33271/ebdut/86.009 [in Ukraine]. 6. Cherevatskyi, D. Yu. (2025). Promyslovi klasterni systemy yak stratehichnyi instrument innovatsiinoho vidnovlennia ekonomiky Ukrainy [Industrial cluster systems as a strategic tool for the innovative recovery of Ukraine’s economy]. Visnyk ekonomichnoi nauky Ukrainy = Bulletin of Economic Science of Ukraine, 1(48), 209–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37405/1729– 7206.2025.1(48).209–214 [in Ukraine]. 7. Yershova, O. O. Honcharenko, I. M. & Hanushchak– Yefimenko, L. M. (2023). Klasteroob’iednani pidpryiemstva yak innovatsiina forma rozvytku biznesu [Clustered enterprises as an innovative form of business development]. Zhurnal stratehichnykh ekonomichnykh doslidzhen = Journal of Strategic Economic Research, 3, 16–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30857/2786– 5398.2023.3.2 [in Ukraine]. 8. Hutsaliuk, O. M., Bondar, Yu. A., Zhurylo, I. V. & Sokolenko, A. V. (2025). Stratehichnyi rozvytok pidpryiemstv maloho ta serednoho biznesu v systemi innovatsiino–intehrovanykh klasternykh struktur [Strategic development of small and medium enterprises in the system of innovative–integrated cluster structures]. Ekonomichnyi visnyk Donbasu = Economic Bulletin of Donbas, 1, 77–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12958/1817–3772–2025– 1(79)–77–85 [in Ukraine]. 9. Voinycha, L. & Kozhel, P. (2024). Klasyfikatsiia klasteriv v upravlinni innovatsiino investytsiinym rozvytkom obiednan pidpryiemstv [Classification of clusters in managing the innovative–investment development of enterprise associations]. Ahrarna ekonomika = Agrarian Economics, 17(2), 12–24. DOI: https://doi. org/10.31734/agrarecon2024.02.012 [in Ukraine]. 10. Lavrukhina, K. O. & Kravchuk, O. A. (2024). Innovatsiini aspekty klasternykh initsiatyv v umovakh tsyfrovizatsii ekonomiky Ukrainy [Innovative aspects of cluster initiatives in the context of Ukraine’s economic digitalization]. Problemy i perspektyvy ekonomiky ta upravlinnia = Problems and Prospects of Economics and Management, 2, 21–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25140/2411– 5215–2024–2(38)–21–33 [in Ukraine]. 11. Bubenko, P. T. & Dril, N. V. (2023). Determinanty klasteryzatsii v konteksti terytorialnoho innovatsiinoho rozvytku [Determinants of clustering in the context of territorial innovation development]. Biznes Inform = Business Inform, 11, 103–108. DOI: https://doi. org/10.32983/2222–4459–2023–11–103–108 [in Ukraine]. 12. Puzyrova P. (2019). Cluster education management concept through the prism of financial risk optimization and resource support [Cluster education management concept through the prism of financial risk optimization and resource support]. Menedzhment = Management, 2(30), 62–74. DOI: https://doi. org/10.30857/2415–3206.2019.2.5 [in English]. 13. Olshanska, O., Puzyrova, P. & Shevchenko, O. (2023). Integrative approach and clusterization as el-
²ÍÍÎÂÀÖ²ÉÍΖ²ÍÂÅÑÒÈÖ²ÉÍÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÀ 37 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww © ÌÀÊÑÞÒÀ À. Ï., 2025 ements of effective tourism industry management in the conditions of sustainable development. Menedzhment = Management, 2(38), 48–60. DOI: https://doi. org/10.30857/2415–3206.2023.2.4 [in English]. 14. Sadovskyi, Ie. & Puzyrova, P. V. (2024). Theoretical and conceptual basis for the functioning of innovation clusters in the sphere of information technologies. Zhurnal stratehichnykh ekonomichnykh doslidzhen = Journal of Strategic Economic Research, 4(21), 111–119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30857/2786–5398.2024.4.10 [in English]. 15. Puzyrova, P. & Sadovskyi, Ye. (2025). Ekosystema innovatsiinykh IT–klasteriv v konteksti tsyfrovoi transformatsii ta staloho rozvytku [Ecosystem of innovative IT clusters in the context of digital transformation and sustainable development]. Vcheni zapysky Universytetu «KROK» = Scientific Notes of the «KROK» University, 1(77), 42– 53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31732/2663–2209– 2025–77–42–53 [in Ukraine]. 16. Kots, H. P. & Havrylova, A. A. (2024). Analiz aktyvnosti it–klasteriv za rehionamy–lideramy IT–haluzi Ukrainy [Analysis of IT cluster activity by regions–leaders of the IT industry in Ukraine]. https://repository. hneu.edu.ua/bitstream.pd. [in Ukraine]. 17. Kyiv IT Cluster (2020). Top 5 IT–Cluster Rankings. Ucluster. URL: ucluster.org [in Ukraine]. 18. Innovatsiini klastery(2021). Kliuchovi draivery ekonomichnoho rozvytku rehioniv. Ivano–Frankivska klasterna asotsiatsiia [Key drivers of economic development in regions. Ivano–Frankivsk Cluster Association]. URL: clusters.org.ua [in Ukraine]. Äàí³ ïðî àâòîðà Ñàìîéëåíêî Ðóñëàí Ëåîí³äîâè÷, àñï³ðàíò â³ää³ëó àíàë³çó ³ ïðîãíîçóâàííÿ ì³æíàðîäíî¿ òîðã³âë³, Äåðæàâíèé íàóêîâî–äîñë³äíèé ³íñòèòóò ³íôîðìàòèçàö³¿ òà ìîäåëþâàííÿ åêîíîì³êè Êè¿â, Óêðà¿íà e–mail:[email protected] ORSID: https://orcid.org/0009–0008–3029–1781 Data about the author Ruslan Samoylenko, Graduate student of the Department of Analysis and Forecasting of International Trade State Research Insti tute of Informatization and Modeling of Economy Kyiv, Ukraine e–mail:[email protected] ÓÄÊ 330.322:69 ÌÀÊÑÞÒÀ À. Ï. ²íòåãðàëüíèé ï³äõ³ä äî ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó áóä³âåëüíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ Óêðà¿íè íà çàñàäàõ öèôðîâ³çàö³¿ Ïðåäìåòîì äîñë³äæåííÿ º îðãàí³çàö³éíî–åêîíîì³÷íèé ìåõàí³çì ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ, ùî áàçóºòüñÿ íà ³íòåãðàëüíîìó ï³äõîä³ òà êîíöåïö³¿ ºäèíî¿ öèôðîâî¿ ïëàòôîðìè. Ìåòîþ äîñë³äæåííÿ º ïðîâåäåííÿ àíàë³çó ïðîöåñ³â ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó áóä³âåëüíèõ ï³äïðèºìñòâ Óêðà¿íè. Ïîêàçàíî, ùî íàÿâí³ ï³äõîäè äî çàëó÷åííÿ òà óïðàâë³ííÿ ³íâåñòèö³ÿìè ìàþòü ôðàãìåíòàðíèé, ñèòóàòèâíèé õàðàêòåð, ïîçáàâëåí³ ñòðàòåã³÷íî¿ ñïðÿìîâàíîñò³ òà íå â³äïîâ³äàþòü ñó÷àñíèì âèêëèêàì, çîêðåìà ïîòðåáàì ïîâîºííî¿ â³äáóäîâè. ²äåíòèô³êîâàíî íàäì³ðíó çàëåæí³ñòü â³ä âëàñíèõ êîøò³â òà áàíê³âñüêîãî êðåäèòóâàííÿ, à òàêîæ â³äñóòí³ñòü ôîðìàë³çîâàíèõ ìåòîäèê îö³íêè ³ííîâàö³éíèõ ïðîºêò³â, ùî óñêëàäíþº ¿õ ïðåçåíòàö³þ ³íâåñòîðàì. Ìåòîäè äîñë³äæåííÿ. Ó ïðîöåñ³ äîñë³äæåííÿ áóëî âèêîðèñòàíî êîìïëåêñ âçàºìîïîâ’ÿçàíèõ çàãàëüíîíàóêîâèõ òà ñïåö³àëüíèõ ìåòîä³â: ñèñòåìíèé ï³äõ³ä çàñòîñîâàíî äëÿ ðîçãëÿäó áóä³âåëüíîãî ï³äïðèºìñòâà ÿê ñêëàäíî¿ â³äêðèòî¿ ñèñòåìè, ó ÿê³é ³íâåñòèö³éíà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü, ³ííîâàö³éíèé ðîçâèòîê òà öèôðîâ³çàö³ÿ âçàºìîä³þòü ì³æ ñîáîþ; åêîíîì³êî–ñòàòèñòè÷íèé àíàë³ç âèêîðèñòîâóâàâñÿ äëÿ âèâ÷åííÿ ïîòî÷íèõ òåíäåíö³é òà äèíàì³êè ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ó áóä³âåëüí³é ãàëóç³ Óêðà¿íè; ³íòåãðàëüíå îö³íþâàííÿ áóëî âèêîðèñòàíî äëÿ ðîçðîáêè óçàãàëüíåíîãî ïîêàçíèêà åôåêòèâíîñò³ ³íâåñòèö³éíîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó; åêîíîì³êî–ìàòåìàòè÷íå ìîäåëþâàííÿ áóëî çàñòîñîâàíî äëÿ ïîáóäîâè ìîäåë³ âçàºìîçâ’ÿçêó ì³æ îáñÿãàìè ³íâåñòèö³é, ð³âíåì öèôðîâ³çàö³¿ òà ³ííîâàö³éíîþ àêòèâí³ñòþ ï³äïðèºìñòâ, ùî äàëî çìîãó çàáåçïå÷èòè êîìïëåêñí³ñòü äîñë³äæåííÿ, ñôîðìóëþâàòè óçàãàëüíåí³ âèñíîâêè òà ðîçðîáèòè ïðàêòè÷í³ ðåêîìåíäàö³¿ ùî-