Ethical Regulation of AI & Education (AI&ED): Needs and Benefits

ETHICAL REGULATION OF AI & EDUCATION (AI&ED): NEEDS AND BENEFITS Dr. Christian M. Stracke Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany 23rd MEITAL Conference 2025 International Track, Tel Aviv 16th of July 2025, hybrid in Israel and online [email protected]e http://www.opening-up.education https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15972964 With Creative Commons Open License for saving, sharing & re-using slides "Attribution –Noncommercial –Share Alike 3.0" You can freely share, copy, distribute and transmit the work under the following conditions: 1. Attribution –2. Noncommercial –3. Share Alike Some rights reserved, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 2 This presentation will be published on: https://opening-up.education Please cite as: "Stracke, C.M. (2025). Ethical Regulation of AI & Education (AI&ED): Needs and Benefits. 23rd MEITAL Conference 2025 International Track (16th of July 2025). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15972964" 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 3 About myself Coordinator Cloud Strategy, OE and AI&ED, University of Bonn Adjunct Professor, Korean National Open University Advisory Professor, East China Normal University Founder & Director, European Research Institute eLC 100+ research projects with 55+ Mio. € budgets 200+ scientific publications incl. 100+ peer-reviewed / SSCI Creative design & training for 15,000 teachers & 5,000 schools Elected Chair of ISO & CEN Standardization Committees 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 4 Martin Wolpers' Lifetime Award Lifetime Award to excellence in research, education and significant impact in the society: “your large expertise in multi-authored, successful research projects and activities, full of multi-culturalism, with a realistic view, which gives the community useful outcomes with great impact for an immediate application” (from the Award Jury) Current status of AI AI market size in sectors 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 6 Statista (2025) Technology prediction 2023-2033 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 7 https://unctad.org/news/ai-market-projected-hit-48-trillion-2033-emerging-dominant-frontier-technology 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 8 What is AI? Definition of Human Intelligence Definition of Artificial Intelligence (AI) How do you define AI? 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 9 What is AI? AI is a unique digital tool AI is always a human-to-human relationship (in the responsibility) Profits of Big Tech in 2024 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 16 https://www.tagesschau.de 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 17 https://proton.me/blog/big-tech-pays-fines-under-3-weeks Big Tech fines vs. earnings in 2024 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 18 https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/02/global-googles-shameful-decision-to-reverse-its-ban-on-ai-for-weapons-and-surveillance-is-a-blow-for-human-rights/ Ban on AI for weapons removed And the (AI) Future? "Today, an oligarchy is taking shape in America of extreme wealth, power, and influence that literally threatens our entire democracy, our basic rights and freedoms, and a fair shot for everyone to get ahead." 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 19 Joe Biden on 15th of January 2025 https://www.tagesschau.de https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/speechesremarks/2025/01/15/remarks-by-president-biden-in-afarewell-address-to-the-nation/ 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 20 Hypothesis 1 Artificial Intelligence changes more than COVID-19 and any other digital tool Ethics of AI 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 22 Ethics dimensions Meta-ethics: Epistemology Normative ethics: Which laws? Applied ethics: Which recommendations? Stracke, C. M. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_7 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 23 Ethical AI Questions Ethics: What should we do? Ethical AI: How should we use AI? What is Artificial Intelligence? Stracke, C. M. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_7 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 24 Ethical AI Five central ethical principles (from 84 frameworks): 1. Transparency 2. Justice and fairness 3. Non-maleficence (do not harm) 4. Responsibility 5. Privacy Jobin et al. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 25 Time pressure Figure: Christian Bauckhage (University of Bonn) The Special Case of Education 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 33 Digitalisation Photo: https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Publikationen/a877-01-werkheft.html 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 34 Digitalisation Photo: https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Publikationen/a877-01-werkheft.html 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 35 Digitalisation Photo: https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Publikationen/a877-01-werkheft.html 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 36 Digitalisation Photo: https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Publikationen/a877-01-werkheft.html 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 37 Digitalisation Photo: https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Publikationen/a877-01-werkheft.html 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 38 Digitalisation in education? Photos: https://www.pixabay.com (345950) - https://www.pexels.com (207691) 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 39 The Special Case of Education Education as human right SDG 4: "Quality Education for All" Equity, inclusion & mandatory school visit Learning cannot be forced https://opening-up.education/publications Photos: https://www.pixabay.com (345950) - https://www.pexels.com (207691) AI and Education (AI&ED) 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 41 AI&ED = AIED + AI Literacy AI use in Education (AIED) Education about AI (AI Literacy or EDAI) requires reflects Ethical AI&ED 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 49 Ethical AI&ED & Human Rights AI&ED for strengthening the society: "Artificial Intelligence and Education: Ethical Questions and Guidelines for Their Relations Based on Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law" (Dezember 2024) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_7 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 50 Futures of AI&ED? First study on speculative AI&ED futures by huge global research team (2023): "Speculative Futures on ChatGPT and Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)" 30+ positive & 30+ negative AI scenarios https://www.asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/709/394 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 51 Global Trends in Ethical AI&ED Systematic Literature Review (SLR): "Global trends in scientific debates on trustworthy and ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education" by Stracke, C.M.; Chounta, I.-A. & Holmes, W. (2024) –presented at AIED 2024 in Recife https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11518072 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 52 AI&ED Evidences? Meta study on AI&ED evidences (2025): "Does ChatGPT enhance student learning? A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105224 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 53 Measurement in (AI and) Education? https://visible-learning.org Meta-analyses of evidence-based studies by Hattie and others Despite some fundamental critics by Eacott (2017), McKnight & Whitburn (2018), Terhart (2011), and Wetter, Vogel, & Hetmanek (2017) Evidences? 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 54 Three Ethical Imperatives for AI&ED Technology-independent (for objectives) Impact-oriented (for all levels) Society-focused (for commons) Stracke, C. M. et al. (2024). Global trends in scientific debates on trustworthy and ethical Artificial Intelligence and education. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64315-6_21 (pre-print: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11518072) The Big Picture: Our Society International crises https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Supertramp_-_Crisis.jpg Economic crisis (Hayes, profit only) Education crisis (innovations, quality) Media crisis (literacy, fake news) Societal crisis (ethics, egoism) We need innovative and high quality Open Education for all as human right Crisis? What Crisis? 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 56 www.sustainabledevelopmentgoals.org 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 57 The Future of AI And the Future of AI? How will AI shape and influence our research, education and society? 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 65 And the Future of AI? How is AI shaping and impacting research? 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 66 https://www.404media.co/project-analyzing-human-language-usage-shuts-down-because-generative-ai-has-polluted-the-data/ And the Future of AI? Who has heard about Lavender? 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 67 And the AI future? Who has heard about Lavender? 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 68 https://www.972mag.com/lavender-ai-israeli-army-gaza/ And the Future of AI? SocialAI for Fake Chats Filter Bubbles by & for Yourself Deep Fakes not only by Media but also by Contacts Communication Crashdown 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 69 https://apps.apple.com/us/app/socialai-ai-social-network/id6670229993 And the Future AI & Society? In the (near?) future, there will be only 3-5 hyperscalers providing AI software and services Only Meta to spend hundreds of billions to build AI data centres 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 70 https://www.pexels.com/de-de/foto/software-ingenieur-mit-laptop-1181341/ And the Future AI & Society? Hyperscalers’ contracts with old & new nuclear power plants Meta: Prometheus in 2026 with 1 gigawatt (= size of Manhattan) Meta: Hyperion with 5 gigawatts (= footprint of Manhattan) 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 71 https://www.pexels.com/de-de/foto/landschaftsfotografie-der-fabrik-459728/ And the Future AI & Society? In the (near?) future, there will be only 3-5 hyperscalers providing AI software and services Hyperscalers are signing contracts with old and new nuclear power plants: Who gets what resources? 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 72 https://www.pexels.com/de-de/foto/gehen-madchen-jung-kind-13229632 Safeguarding the Future AI & Society We must regulate Artificial Intelligence to facilitate its best impact and its safe and equitable use in education. Education and Artificial Intelligence have to focus and answer ethical questions to guarantee human rights and democracy in our society. 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 73 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 80 3rd AI&ED Working Conference Council of Europe, 1st-2nd of October 2025 https://opening-up.education Network "Ethical use of AI" European Community for Ethical AI&ED https://ethicalai.ecompetence.eu Our networks 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 81 Networks "Ethical Use of AI" German Network since March 2023: https://ethischeki.ecompetence.eu European Network since AIED 2023: https://ethicalai.ecompetence.eu Monthly meetings for collaboration: Everybody is most welcome! 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 82 Network "Ethical Use of AI" "Ethical Use of AI in Higher Education –a Handout" for university teachers (Version 1.1 from 18th of July 2024) •10 statements (1 page) and FAQ list with answers (4 pages), both revised and updated https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995669 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 83 1. Artificial Intelligence changes more than COVID-19 and any other digital tools 2. Artificial Intelligence has to be globally regulated: in particular in education 3. AI and Education have to focus stronger ethics, democracy and our whole society My Central Hypotheses Open Education https://opening-up.education/artificial-intelligence-and-education 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 84 Ethical AI Questions Ethical AI: How should we use and regulate AI? Ethical AI&ED: How can we integrate and teach AI? AI&ED for society: How can we sustainably benefit? Open AI questions for discussion Legal: AI Act, Treaty 225, DSA, GDPR, CLOUD Act et al., strategies Technological: Blackbox, souvereignity Ethical: Bias, personality, deskilling Societal: Human rights, literacy, autonomy, resources, digital divide 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 85 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 86 AI and Education Dr. Christian M. Stracke Coordinator Cloud Strategy, OE and AI&ED Research [email protected] www.hrz.uni-bonn.de www.opening-up.education Interested? Contact me! 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 87 References Stracke, C. M., Griffiths, D., Pappa, D., Bećirović, S., Polz, E., Perla, L., ... , & Hollins, P. (2025). Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Policies for Higher Education in Europe. International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence, 9(2), 124-137. https://doi.org/10.9781/ijimai.2025.02.011 [Open Access] Xiao, J., Bozkurt, A., Nichols, M., Pazurek, A., Stracke, C. M., Bai, J. Y. H., ..., & Themeli, C. (2025). Venturing into the Unknown: Critical Insights into Grey Areas and Pioneering Future Directions in Educational Generative AI Research. TechTrends (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-025-01060-6 [Open Access] Bozkurt, A., Xiao, J., Farrow, R., Bai, J.Y.H., Nerantzi, C., Moore, S., Dron, J., Stracke, C.M., ... , & Asino, T.I. (2024). The Manifesto for Teaching and Learning in a Time of Generative AI: A Critical Collective Stance to Better Navigate the Future. Open Praxis, 16(4), 487–513. https://openpraxis.org/articles/10.55982/openpraxis.16.4.777 [ESCI, Open Access] 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 88 References Stracke, C. M. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and Education: Ethical questions and guidelines for their relations based on human rights, democracy and the rule of law. In D. Burgos et al. (Eds.), Radical Solutions for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Education (pp. 97-107). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_7 [Open Access] Burgos, D., Branch, J. W., Tlili, A., Stracke, C. M., & de la Higuera, C. (2024). Artificial Intelligence, Digital Transformation, and Education as a Combined Contribution to Society. In D. Burgos et al. (Eds.), Radical Solutions for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Education (pp. 3-13). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_1 [Open Access] Burgos, D., Branch, J. W., Tlili, A., Huang, R., Jemni, M., Stracke, C. M., ... , & Berrada, K. (2024) (Eds.), Radical Solutions for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Education. Utilising Disruptive Technology for a Better Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1 [Open Access] 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 89 References Stracke, C. M., Chounta, I.-A., & Holmes, W. (2024). Global trends in scientific debates on trustworthy and ethical Artificial Intelligence and education. In Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2024. Communications in Computer and Information Science. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11518072 Stracke, C. M. et al. (2024): What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? How can I use AI ethically at university? Edited by the German Network "Ethische Nutzung von KI". https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995669 Stracke, C. M., Chounta, I.-A., Holmes, W., Tlili, A., & Bozkurt, A. (2023). A standardised PRISMA-based protocol for systematic reviews of the scientific literature on Artificial Intelligence and education (AI&ED). Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(2), 64-70. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.38 Huang, R., Tlili, A., Xu, L., Chen, Y., Zheng, L., Saleh Metwally, A. H., Da, T., Chang, T., Wang, H., Mason, J., Stracke, C. M., Sampson, D., & Bonk, C. J. (2023). Educational futures of intelligent synergies between humans, digital twins, avatars, and robots - the iSTAR framework. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 6(2), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.33 16th of July 2025 Ethical Regulation of AI and Education (23rd MEITAL Conference, Israel) - Christian M. Stracke 96 Thank you for your attention! Dr. Christian M. Stracke Coordinator Cloud Strategy, OE and AI&ED Research [email protected] www.hrz.uni-bonn.de www.opening-up.education Interested? What are your questions? www.opening-up.education Opening up Education for All! © Sabine Dertinger