READING AND LEARNING THROUGH CRITICAL THINKING

Journal(of(Academic(Research( and(Trends(in(Educational( Sciences( Journal(home(page:(( http://ijournal.uz/index.php/jartes( READING(AND(LEARNING(THROUGH(CRITICAL(THINKING( Durbek'Mamatqulov1' Qurbonali'Salimjonov2' Feruza'Raxmatova3' ' Tashkent(State(Technical(University(named(after(Islam(Karimov( DOI:"10.5281/zenodo.17544753" Article+History+ Abstract+ Received:"10.09.2025" Accepted:"06.11.2025" This" article" explores" the" concept" of" learning" through" critical" thinking." The" main" goal" of" the" topic" is" to" highlight" the" essence," significance,"and"role"of"critical"thinking"in"the"educational"process." Critical" thinking" helps" students" analyze" information," evaluate" evidence,"draw"conclusions,"and"make"independent"decisions."This" approach"makes"the"learning"process"more"active,"turning"students" from"passive"recipients"of"knowledge"into"active"researchers."As"a" result," teaching" becomes" more" effective," and" students" develop" creativity"and"logical"reasoning"skills."This"article"can"be"useful"for" students"and"independent"learners." Keywords:"Critical" thinking," learning," independent" thinking," analytical" thinking," logical" reasoning," analysis" and" synthesis," evaluation" of" evidence," conclusion," independent" decisionmaking,"educational"process,"active"learner,"creativity,"cognitive"skills,"reflection,"problem-based" learning,"information"analysis,"research-based"learning,"teaching"effectiveness,"exchange"of"ideas," innovative"pedagogy." " This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru) (( ( 1!Tashkent!State!Technical!University!named!after!Islam!Karimov,!Tashkent,!Uzbekistan! 2!Tashkent!State!Technical!University!named!after!Islam!Karimov,!Tashkent,!Uzbekistan! 3!Tashkent!State!Technical!University!named!after!Islam!Karimov,!Tashkent,!Uzbekistan! JARTES 4;3 IJOURNAL.UZ NOVEMBER, 2025 Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences is produced by XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC Group, a division of ijournal.uz platform Downloaded from ijournal.uz. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright © 2025 XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC. All rights reserved. ! ( 77( ! ( TANQIDIY(FIKRLASH(ORQALI(O‘QIB-O‘RGANISH( ! KALIT&SO‘ZLAR/( КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ&СЛОВА: ANNOTATSIYA/(АННОТАЦИЯ& & Tanqidiy&fikrlash,&o‘qibo‘rganish,&mustaqil& fikrlash,&analitik& tafakkur,&mantiqiy& mushohada,&tahlil&va& sintez,&dalillarni& baholash,&xulosa& chiqarish,&mustaqil&qaror& qabul&qilish,&ta’lim& jarayoni,&faol&o‘quvchi,& ijodkorlik,&kognitiv& ko‘nikmalar,&refleksiya,& muammoli&ta’lim,& axborotni&tahlil&qilish,& tadqiqotga&yo‘naltirilgan& o‘qish,&o‘qitish& samaradorligi,&fikr& almashish,&innovatsion& pedagogika& Ushbu& maqola,& tanqidiy& fikrlash& orqali& o‘qib-o‘rganish& haqida& yoritilgan.& Mavzuning& asosiy& maqsadi& tanqidiy& fikrlash& orqali& o‘qib-o‘rganishning& mohiyati,& ahamiyati& va& ta’lim& jarayonidagi& o‘rni&yoritiladi.&Tanqidiy&fikrlash&o‘quvchilarga&axborotni&tahlil& qilish,&dalillarni&baholash,&xulosalar&chiqarish&va&mustaqil&qaror& qabul& qilish& ko‘nikmalarini& shakllantirishga& yordam& beradi.& Mazkur& yondashuv& o‘qish& jarayonini& faollashtirib,& o‘quvchini& passiv&bilim&oluvchidan&faol&tadqiqotchiga&aylantiradi.&Shu&orqali& o‘qitish& samaradorligi& ortadi,& o‘quvchilarda& ijodkorlik& va& mantiqiy& mushohada& yuritish& qobiliyatlari& rivojlanadi.& Ushbu& maqoladan& erkin& izlanuvchilar& va& talabalar& foydalanishlari& mumkin.& ! Hozirgi' davrda' ta’lim' tizimi' oldida' turgan' asosiy' vazifalardan' biri' –' mustaqil,' mantiqan' fikrlaydigan,' muammolarni' tahlil' qilib,' o‘z' qarorini' asosli' ravishda' qabul' qila' oladigan'shaxsni'tarbiyalashdir.'Shu'nuqtai'nazardan,'tanqidiy'fikrlashni'rivojlantirishga' qaratilgan' ta’lim' yondashuvlari' alohida' ahamiyat' kasb' etadi.' Tanqidiy! fikrlash! orqali! o‘qib-o‘rganish'—'bu'o‘quvchining'bilimlarni'tayyor'holatda'qabul'qilmasdan,'balki'ularni' tahlil'qilish,'solishtirish,'dalillarni'baholash'va'o‘z'xulosasini'shakllantirish'orqali'egallash' jarayonidir.' Tanqidiy'fikrlash'–'bu'inson'tafakkurining'yuqori'bosqichidir.'U'nafaqat'ma’lumotni' o‘zlashtirishni,' balki' uni' chuqur' anglash,' mavjud' fikr' va' dalillarga' nisbatan' tahliliy' yondashishni,' ularning' to‘g‘riligini' tekshirishni' ham' o‘z' ichiga' oladi.' Tanqidiy' fikrlovchi' shaxs' har' bir' fikrga' savol' beradi:' “Bu' dalil' qanchalik' asosli?”,' “Bu' ma’lumot' qayerdan' olingan?”,' “Boshqa' qarashlar' bormi?”' Shu' tarzda' inson' tafakkuri' yanada' faol,' ongli' va' tanlovga'tayyor'holatga'keladi.' Ta’lim'jarayonida'tanqidiy'fikrlashni'shakllantirish'o‘qituvchi'va'o‘quvchi'o‘rtasidagi' an’anaviy'munosabatni'o‘zgartiradi.'Endi'o‘qituvchi'bilim'manbai'emas,'balki'yo‘lboshchi,' yo‘naltiruvchi' rolini' bajaradi.' O‘quvchi' esa' faol' ishtirokchi,' tadqiqotchi,' izlanish' olib' boruvchi'shaxsga'aylanadi.'Bunday'yondashuv'ta’lim'jarayonini'jonlantiradi,'o‘quvchilarda' mustaqil'izlanish,'ijodkorlik'va'tahliliy'tafakkur'ko‘nikmalarini'rivojlantiradi.' Tanqidiy'fikrlash'orqali'o‘qib-o‘rganish'jarayonida'o‘quvchilar:' • Axborotni' tahlil' qilishni,' asosiy' va' ikkinchi' darajali' ma’lumotlarni' ajrata' olishni;' • Dalillarni'baholab,'ularning'ishonchliligini'aniqlashni;' • Muammolarga'turli'nuqtai'nazardan'qarashni;' JARTES 4;3 IJOURNAL.UZ NOVEMBER, 2025 Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences is produced by XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC Group, a division of ijournal.uz platform Downloaded from ijournal.uz. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright © 2025 XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC. All rights reserved. ! ( 78( ! ( • Mustaqil'xulosalar'chiqarishni'va'ularni'asoslashni'o‘rganadilar.' Shuningdek,' tanqidiy' fikrlash' o‘quvchilarning' kommunikativ' ko‘nikmalarini' ham' rivojlantiradi.'Guruhli'muhokamalar,'fikr'almashish,'bahs-munozaralar'orqali'o‘quvchilar' o‘z' fikrlarini' dalillar' bilan' himoya' qilishni,' boshqalar' fikrini' tinglashni' va' tahlil' qilishni' o‘rganadilar.' Tanqidiy'fikrlashni'rivojlantirishning'samarali'usullari'orasida'quyidagilarni'sanab' o‘tish'mumkin:' • Muammoli!savollar'–'o‘quvchini'chuqur'o‘ylashga'undaydi;' • “Aqliy!hujum”'(brainstorming)'–'fikrlar'oqimini'rag‘batlantiradi;' • Kichik!guruhli!ishlar'–'hamkorlikda'tahlil'qilish'va'fikr'almashish'imkonini' beradi;' • Debatlar! va! munozaralar' –' mantiqiy' fikrlash' va' dalillash' qobiliyatini' kuchaytiradi;' • Tahliliy!yozma!ishlar'–'yozma'ifoda'orqali'tafakkurni'mustahkamlaydi.' Tanqidiy' fikrlash' orqali' o‘qib-o‘rganishning' afzalliklari' ko‘p.' U' nafaqat' o‘quvchilarning' aqliy' salohiyatini' rivojlantiradi,' balki' ularni' hayotiy' vaziyatlarda' to‘g‘ri' qaror'qabul'qila'oladigan,'mas’uliyatli'va'ijtimoiy'faol'shaxs'sifatida'shakllantiradi.'Bunday' o‘quvchi' nafaqat' ta’lim' jarayonida,' balki' kundalik' hayotda' ham' o‘z' fikrini' asosli' tarzda' himoya'qila'oladi.' Zamonaviy' ta’limda' tanqidiy' fikrlashni' rivojlantirish' uchun' o‘qituvchilardan' yangicha'yondashuv,'pedagogik' innovatsiyalar'va'texnologiyalarni' qo‘llay'olish'malakasi' talab' etiladi.' Axborot' texnologiyalari,' interaktiv' usullar,' masofaviy' ta’lim' vositalari' bu' jarayonni'yanada'samarali'tashkil'etish'imkonini'beradi.' Xulosa' qilib' aytganda,' tanqidiy' fikrlash' orqali' o‘qib-o‘rganish' –' bu' zamonaviy' ta’limning' ajralmas' qismi' bo‘lib,' u' o‘quvchilarning' tafakkurini' chuqurlashtiradi,' bilimni' faqat'yod'olish'emas,'balki'anglab,'tahlil'qilib'va'amaliyotda'qo‘llashni'o‘rgatadi.'Shu'bois' har' bir' pedagog' ta’lim' jarayonida' tanqidiy' fikrlash' strategiyalaridan' foydalanishi,' o‘quvchilarni'faol,'ijodkor'va'mustaqil'shaxs'sifatida'shakllantirishga'intilishi'zarur.' Foydalanilgan!adabiyotlar! 1. Dewey,'J.'(1933).'How$We$Think:$A$Restatement$of$the$Relation$of$Reflective$ Thinking$to$the$Educative$Process.'Boston:'D.C.'Heath'and'Company.' 2. Ennis,' R.' H.' (1991).' Critical$ Thinking:$ A$ Streamlined$ Conception.'Teaching' Philosophy,'14(1),'5–24.' 3. Paul,'R.,'&'Elder,'L.'(2006).'The$Miniature$Guide$to$Critical$Thinking:$Concepts$ and$Tools.'Foundation'for'Critical'Thinking'Press.' 4. Facione,'P.'A.'(2015).'Critical$Thinking:$What$It$Is$and$Why$It$Counts.'Insight' Assessment.' 5. Vygotsky,'L.'S.'(1978).'Mind$in$Society:$The$Development$of$Higher$Psychological$ Processes.'Harvard'University'Press.' JARTES 4;3 IJOURNAL.UZ NOVEMBER, 2025 Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences is produced by XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC Group, a division of ijournal.uz platform Downloaded from ijournal.uz. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright © 2025 XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC. All rights reserved. ! ( 79( ! ( 6. Halpern,' D.' F.' (2014).' Thought$ and$ Knowledge:$ An$ Introduction$ to$ Critical$ Thinking.'Psychology'Press.' 7. Fisher,' A.' (2011).' Critical$ Thinking:$ An$ Introduction.'Cambridge' University' Press.' 8. Lipman,'M.'(2003).'Thinking$in$Education.'Cambridge'University'Press.' 9. Hasanboeva,' O.,' Rahimov,' B.,' &' Ochilov,' M.' (2019).' Pedagogika:$ O‘quv$ qo‘llanma.'Toshkent:'“Fan'va'texnologiya”'nashriyoti.' 10. Yo‘ldoshev,'J.'G‘.,'&'Hasanboeva,'O.'(2010).'Pedagogik$texnologiyalar$asoslari.' Toshkent:'“O‘zbekiston”.' 11. Mavlonova,' R.,' &' To‘rayeva,' O.' (2020).' Zamonaviy$ ta’lim$ texnologiyalari.' Toshkent:'“Iqtisod-Moliya”'nashriyoti.' 12. Azizxodjayeva,'N.'N.'(2006).'Pedagogik$texnologiyalar$va$pedagogik$mahorat.' Toshkent:'TDPU.' 13. Nosirova,'N.'(2021).'Tanqidiy$fikrlashni$rivojlantirishning$psixologik$asoslari.' Toshkent:'TDPU'ilmiy'jurnali.' 14. OECD' (2018).' The$ Future$ of$ Education$ and$ Skills:$ Education$ 2030.'OECD' Publishing,'Paris.' 15. Brookfield,'S.'(2012).'Teaching$for$Critical$Thinking:$Tools$and$Techniques$to$ Help$Students$Question$Their$Assumptions.'Jossey-Bass.' '