Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ISSN(print): 2643-9840, ISSN(online): 2643-9875 Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 DOI: 10.47191/ijmra/v8-i09-15, Impact Factor: 8.266 Page No. 5015-5046 IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5015 Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity VICENTE M, RABANG, JR.1, SAMBOY GODOY NABOR2 1University of Perpetual Help, Las Piñas Campus 2Eduardo Barreto Sr. Integrated School Calamba Laguna, Philippines ABSTRACT: This study explores the overall community well-being. Through a qualitative analysis of narratives from ten participants engaged in physical activities, the study examines themes related to environmental interventions and their role in promoting physical activity. Structured around central and corollary research questions, the study investigates user perceptions, experiences with environmental improvements, and emerging themes. Key findings indicate that urban parks are vital for relaxation, exercise, and social interaction. Enhancements such as improved greenery, seating, and lighting significantly increase park usability and appeal. Features like walking trails, playgrounds, and open spaces are highly vald for exercise and leisure, while well-maintained environments and safety measures encourage frequent and prolonged visits. These factors contribute to the perception of parks as restorative spaces that foster well-being and community belonging. User testimonies emphasize the importance of accessibility, inclusivity, health benefits, community engagement, and environmental sustainability in park design and management. The study concludes that ongoing improvements in infrastructure, maintenance, and security are crucial for maximizing the health benefits of urban parks. Addressing user concerns and enhancing amenities can make parks more inclusive, safe, and sustainable, significantly contributing to community well-being. Recommendations include increasing shaded seating, installing fitness zones and play equipment, enhancing security, and implementing regular maintenance schedules. Further suggestions emphasize creating designated recreational areas, improving accessibility for individuals with disabilities, integrating eco-friendly solutions, organizing wellness programs, and encouraging active citizen participation. Upgraded facilities—such as restrooms, fitness stations, and improved landscaping—will provide diverse users with a more comfortable and functional environment. Structured fitness programs and cultural events will encourage community participation, fostering social cohesion and an active lifestyle. Additionally, improved accessibility measures—such as shuttle services, bike-sharing options, and extended park hours—will ensure that parks cater to a broader demographic, including working individuals and those with mobility challenges. KEYWORDS: Urban parks, green spaces, physical activity, park interventions, community well-being, environmental sustainability, public health, accessibility, social interaction, active lifestyle. INTRODUCTION Urban green spaces serve as welcoming environments that promote various physical activities like cycling, running, and walking (Zou, et al., 2024). Numerous studies confirm the connection between green spaces and physical activity, demonstrating that access to these natural settings encourages more active lifestyles (Roti, 2024), (Zou, et al., 2024), Kleinschroth, et al (2024). These green areas provide a unique opportunity for city residents to engage with nature, making physical activity more enjoyable and less monotonous compared to indoor or built environments (Roti, et.al, 2024) (Zou, et al., 2024). The presence of parks, trails, and open spaces within urban areas significantly increases physical activity levels, especially in densely populated cities where exercise opportunities may otherwise be scarce (Volpe, 2024). Consequently, physical activity in green spaces not only becomes more frequent but also more varied, offering both structured and unstructured options for exercise (Maddock, et al., 2024). Safety is a paramount concern in park usage. Parks perceived as unsafe due to poor lighting, lack of security, or visibility issues are less likely to be frequented, especially by vulnerable populations such as women, children, and the elderly. Therefore, environmental interventions focused on safety are essential (Perry et al., 2019). Measures such as increasing lighting, adding security cameras, and designing open, visible spaces not only help prevent crime but also provide park-goers with a sense of safety Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5016 and reassurance, thereby promoting more frequent and confident use of park facilities (Schipperijn et al., 2023). Aesthetic and environmental quality also play a significant role in park usage. Parks that are wellmaintained, clean, and visually appealing naturally attract more visitors (Wang et al., 2021). Regular landscaping, waste management, and the addition of green features like trees, flower beds, and water bodies significantly enhance the visual appeal and ecological health of parks. These improvements create an inviting atmosphere that improves the mental and emotional well-being of park users, making parks more desirable destinations for relaxation and recreation. Research Question This study aims to analyze the urban parks interventions and physical activity of urban park users. Central Questions: What is the essence of the lived experiences of the urban park users in promoting the environmental interventions and physical activity? Corollary Questions: 1. How do urban park users describe their most significant experiences as regards promoting environmental interventions and physical activity? 2. What themes emerged from the testimonies of urban park users? 3. What meanings may be drawn from most significant experiences of urban park users? 4. Based on the results of the study, what inputs to facilities and equipment improvement plans may be drawn? Scope and Limitation of the Study This study, with a clear focus on the impact of environmental interventions on park usage and physical activity, was conducted in specific urban parks within Calamba City Laguna (Park A) (Park B) (Park C). It targets a diverse demographic, including various age groups, genders, and socio-economic backgrounds, to explore different experiences and perceptions related to these aspects. The study focused on interventions such as new playgrounds, fitness equipment, walking trails, and improved safety and aesthetics. Using qualitative method such as in-depth interviews, the study gathered detailed insights into user experiences with urban park interventions and their impact on physical activity in green spaces. It is important to note that due to its qualitative nature and specific geographic focus, findings from this study may not be generalizable to all urban parks or populations. This research also focused on park users' subjectivity by exploring their personal experiences, perceptions, and interactions with urban park interventions, emphasizing how individual preferences, emotions, and socio-cultural factors influence their engagement with green spaces and physical activity. FRAMEWORK The study is anchored to the Social Ecological Model (SEM) developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner cited by Crawford in 2020. SEM's comprehensive approach to understanding how multiple levels of influence interact to affect behavior makes it ideal for exploring the complex dynamics involved in physical activity behavior in urban parks. It also represents a convergence of biological, psychological, and social sciences. The Social Ecological Model suggests various levels of engagement—individual, interpersonal, community, and policy (Boulton, et.al. 2019). It emphasizes the importance of the environment and recognizes that social and physical surroundings shape individual behavior. SEM acknowledges that behavior is impacted by various factors instead of just one. Figure. 1. Social Ecological Model as framework in Urban Park Intervention and Physical Activity Adapted from Social Ecological Model (SEM) developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner cited by Crawford in 2020. Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5017 The Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) offers an allencompassing framework for comprehending how various spheres of influence impact human behavior, especially when it comes to urban green areas and physical activity, the socio-ecological model provides a thorough foundation for comprehending how different levels of impact affect human behavior. Its basis is the individual level, which encompasses demographics like age, gender, income, and education as well as personal elements like motivation and health views. These elements have a significant impact on how people engage with green spaces and engage in physical exercise. A person's motivation and perception of the health benefits, for example, may affect their inclination to exercise and relax in parks and other green spaces. The interpersonal dynamics surrounding an individual play a crucial role in influencing outdoor physical activity, particularly through relationships with family, friends, and social networks. Activities such as walking, jogging, and cycling in urban parks can be effectively encouraged by fostering social support, promoting shared leisure interests, and establishing neighborhood fitness organizations. By addressing these multiple levels simultaneously, urban planners, policymakers, and public health professionals can create inclusive and sustainable strategies to enhance physical activity and overall well-being in city populations. Figure.2 Research Paradigm of Urban Parks Environmental Interventions In applying SEM, the study will explore how personal motivations, health beliefs, and demographic characteristics influence physical activity behavior through in-depth interviews capturing individual experiences and perceptions of the park and its features. Interpersonal relationships, such as family and peer influences, will be examined to see how social interactions and support networks affect participants' engagement with the park. Organizational aspects, such as the management and maintenance of the park, will be considered to assess the role of park staff, the availability of programs, and organized activities in promoting physical activity and investigating community norms and collective behaviors to understand how community involvement, local culture, and shared values influence physical activity patterns in the park (Ramkissoon, et. al. 2019). Finally, the study will look at broader policy implications, such as urban planning decisions, funding for park improvements, and public health initiatives, to identify barriers and opportunities for promoting physical activity through environmental interventions. Research Design The study employed a qualitative design, concentrating exclusively on semi-structured interviews (Ruslin, et.al. 2022) (DeJonckheere & Vaughn, 2019) to explore the nuanced impact of environmental interventions on physical activity behaviors over time. This approach allows for an indepth understanding of participants' experiences and perceptions, providing rich data that can illuminate the complexities of how design changes in the environment influence individual behaviors. Research Instrument The interview questions are structured into two main parts: the central and corollary questions. The central question focuses on capturing the essence of the lived experiences of urban park users, mainly how environmental interventions influence physical activity. It provides a broad framework that guides the study's exploration of user interactions with green spaces. The corollary questions dive deeper into specific dimensions of this central inquiry. The first corollary question asks users to reflect on their most significant experiences related to environmental improvements and physical activity in the park. The second question delves into the meanings users derive from these experiences, exploring their emotional and symbolic connections to the park. The third question seeks to identify emerging themes from the testimonies, revealing patterns in how users interact with the Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5018 environment. Finally, the fourth corollary question is more practical, asking for insights into how the findings can inform improvements to park facilities and equipment. Data Gathering In October 2024, semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the lived experiences of urban park users and the influence of environmental interventions on physical activity. Prior to the interviews, participants received a detailed information sheet outlining the study's objectives, procedures, and rights. After confirming a mutually agreeable date and time, participants accessed a Zoom link for their interviews, providing informed consent online before beginning.The interview questions were structured into central and corollary categories; the central question targeted the essence of participants' experiences regarding how environmental interventions affect their physical activity in urban parks. The corollary questions further probed this inquiry, asking participants to reflect on significant experiences with environmental improvements, the meanings derived from these experiences, and emerging themes in their interactions with the environment. Additionally, insights were sought on how findings could inform future improvements to park facilities. To contextualize the results, participants stated their age at the beginning of the interviews, which lasted approximately 30 minutes each. To ensure a comprehensive and ethical approach to the research endeavor, the researcher will initiate the process by drafting a formal letter addressed to the City Mayor, seeking permission to conduct the study. This letter outlined the purpose of the research, emphasizing its significance and relevance to the local community and tourism sector. Additionally, it detailed the methodology to be employed, including the use of interviews and assured the office of the confidentiality and responsible handling of any collected data. To uphold the principles of confidentiality and data protection, all information collected through the interviews and observational checklist will be treated with utmost confidentiality. Data will be securely stored for a period of five years for potential future reference, after which it would be responsibly disposed of in accordance with ethical guidelines Statistical Treatment To explore the lived experiences of urban park users and the impact of park interventions on physical activity, thematic analysis, content analysis, and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) were utilized. Thematic analysis, as outlined by Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke, identified and interpreted key themes and patterns in participants' experiences, providing deep insights into how interventions influence physical activity. Content analysis further ensured systematic categorization of qualitative data, enhancing the reliability of theme identification. Additionally, IPA, guided by Moustakas' analytical framework, employed phenomenological reduction, including bracketing, horizontalization, and imaginative variation, to capture and analyze participants' lived experiences. This approach provided a deeper understanding of how individuals perceive and make meaning of environmental interventions in relation to their outdoor physical activity. III. RESULTS This chapter presents the findings of the study, derived from the analysis of data gathered through interviews. The results are organized and interpreted in alignment with the study's objectives, highlighting the themes that emerged from the responses of participants. The Demographic Profile of Park User Participants The study involved ten (10) frequent park users from Calamba City as participants to explore the role of urban parks in promoting physical activity. The demographic profile, as presented in Table 1, highlights a balanced mix of genders and a wide age range, ensuring a diverse representation of perspectives regarding the impact of green spaces on active living. Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5019 Table 1: Demographic Profile of the Participants The participants’ ages ranged from 19 to 57 years, reflecting a diverse demographic profile across various stages of adulthood. A notable concentration of participants was in the 19–24 age range, indicating significant engagement among younger adults who may prioritize fitness and wellness. These individuals often use parks for dynamic activities such as jogging and group exercises. Meanwhile, middle-aged participants, aged 31–57 years, likely utilize parks not only for physical activities but also for relaxation and stress management, often incorporating family-oriented activities. The diversity in age and gender among participants enriches the study by capturing a wide range of motivations and behaviors related to park use in Calamba City. Younger participants provide insight into how parks function as active and vibrant spaces, while older individuals highlight their value as restorative and social environments. The findings emphasize the importance of urban parks in catering to the varied needs of different demographic groups. This demographic representation serves as a strong foundation for understanding how green spaces in Calamba City support active lifestyles and offer nuanced insights into optimizing urban park interventions for the benefit of diverse populations. Key Insights from Co-Participant Experience SOP 1: Urban park user’s description of their most significant experiences as regards promoting environmental interventions and physical activity The significant experiences of ten participants regarding urban parks were analyzed using Colaizi's method for thematic analysis, revealing key insights into environmental interventions and physical activity. Their experiences highlighted themes such as park maintenance, accessibility, community engagement, and the role of parks in fostering environmental responsibility. Participants emphasized the impact of well-maintained parks on encouraging physical activities like jogging and sports, while also noting challenges such as inadequate upkeep and time constraints that hinder regular use. Additionally, parks were recognized as symbols of environmental stewardship, with participants acknowledging the importance of cleanliness, sustainability initiatives, and inclusive recreational spaces. These findings underscore the need for continuous improvements in park design and management to enhance both ecological sustainability and public health benefits. Significant Experiences of Johnny Johnny’s experiences in environmental interventions underscore the critical role of well-maintained urban green spaces (UGS) in promoting physical activity (PA) and community engagement. The enhancements made to Calamba City’s parks, such as improved lighting, landscaped gardens, and designated Zumba areas, have transformed these spaces into multifunctional hubs that encourage active living. This aligns with findings from Giles-Corti et al. (2020), who emphasized that the availability, accessibility, and quality of UGS significantly influence PA participation. Research further suggests that features like walking trails, wooded areas, and open spaces enhance PA levels (Schipperijn et al., 2023), which is evident in the way Johnny’s interventions have increased park usage for activities such as jogging, dancing, and social gatherings. Additionally, Myalkovsky (2023) found that parks programmed with diverse activities promote stronger social connections, which aligns with Johnny’s efforts to develop parks into lively, inclusive spaces for all residents. By improving infrastructure and adding recreational facilities, Johnny’s interventions mirror broader trends in urban planning that prioritize environmental design for enhanced community well-being (Hunter et al., 2020). These spaces also promote inclusivity, ensuring accessibility for individuals across different socioeconomic backgrounds and abilities (Miller, 2025). By advocating for the continued development and maintenance of these urban spaces, Johnny’s work contributes to a larger movement aimed at reducing health disparities and improving overall quality of life (Alexander et al., 2024). Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5020 Significant Experiences of Abel Abel’s experiences highlight the transformative impact of environmental interventions on park spaces, fostering active lifestyles and promoting community wellbeing. The transformation of parks from simple cemented areas into vibrant, landscaped environments equipped with essential amenities reflects the growing recognition of urban green spaces (UGS) as vital assets for physical activity (Schipperijn et al., 2023). The inclusion of plants, benches, and trash bins not only enhances park aesthetics but also improves their usability, making them more inviting and conducive to diverse recreational activities (Hunter et al., 2020). Research underscores the significance of wellmaintained and clean parks in encouraging frequent visits, reinforcing Abel’s observation that cleanliness plays a critical role in sustaining the appeal of these spaces (Neubauer et al., 2019). Significant Experience of Alexis Alexis’ significant experiences highlight the transformative role of urban green spaces (UGS) and environmental interventions in promoting physical activity, enhancing social engagement, and fostering environmental responsibility. The participant emphasized the impact of enhanced physical activity infrastructure, particularly the introduction of jogging trails, fitness zones, and green spaces, which align with research demonstrating that welldesigned parks significantly increase physical activity levels (Giles-Corti et al., 2020; Schipperijn et al., 2023). Alexis’ experiences also reinforce the role of parks as motivators for active living. The participant noted that wellmaintained parks create an inviting atmosphere that encourages consistent physical activity, an observation supported by literature emphasizing the importance of environmental design in promoting exercise adherence (CDC, 2025; Roti, 2024). Research confirms that individuals are more likely to engage in regular fitness routines when parks are clean, well-lit, and equipped with diverse facilities such as playgrounds, sports courts, and cycling paths (Schipperijn et al., 2023). Studies have shown that social interactions in park settings increase motivation for physical activity while strengthening community ties (Hunter et al., 2020; Floyd & Smith, 2019). Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5021 Significant Experiences of Cali Cali’s significant experiences underscore critical gaps in park interventions, the multi functionality of parks for diverse physical activities, and the impact of habitual park use on long-term engagement. The participant’s concern about the lack of basic amenities, such as trash cans, aligns with research indicating that park infrastructure significantly affects user satisfaction and environmental stewardship (Hunter et al., 2020; Alexander et al., 2024). Studies have shown that inadequate facilities contribute to littering and environmental degradation, deterring park visitors and reducing the overall quality of urban green spaces (Schipperijn et al., 2023; Myalkovsky, 2023). Cali’s advocacy for tree planting further emphasizes the need for ecological enhancements in parks. Research supports the role of urban forestry in improving air quality, reducing urban heat, and fostering biodiversity, thereby creating healthier and more attractive recreational environments (Barkham, 2025; Cohen & Marsh, 2021). By addressing these fundamental gaps, policymakers can enhance park usability, encouraging greater community participation and environmental responsibility. Lastly, the participant’s insight into the impact of habitual park use on engagement highlights the need for continuous programmatic innovations to sustain interest. While routine park visits contribute to health benefits, research suggests that novelty in recreational settings is crucial for maintaining long-term motivation (Schipperijn et al., 2023; Hunter et al., 2020). By integrating physical activity opportunities with eco-friendly initiatives, parks can serve as holistic spaces that foster public health and environmental consciousness. Significant experiences of Janet Janet’s experiences underscore the impact of environmental interventions in urban green spaces (UGS) while revealing barriers to their use for physical activity. She appreciated the addition of trash bins in parks, improving cleanliness and safety, which aligns with research suggesting that well-maintained parks contribute to user satisfaction and increased visitation (Hunter et al., 2020; Schipperijn et al., 2023). Cleanliness and safety are crucial in fostering a sense of security and well-being, which can encourage individuals to frequent parks for recreation and relaxation (Giles-Corti et al., 2020). Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5022 However, despite these improvements, Janet did not view parks as motivating spaces for exercise, opting instead for home-based workouts. This perception highlights a broader issue in park engagement—while UGS offer potential for physical activity, their effectiveness depends on infrastructure and programming that actively encourage fitness-related use (Neubauer et al., 2019; Owens & Williams, 2022). Research indicates that adding designated exercise zones, improving walking and cycling paths, and incorporating structured fitness programs can transform parks into dynamic fitness hubs (Sportmadness, 2023; CDC, 2025). Cali’s experiences further reinforce the need for comprehensive park improvements to encourage physical activity and environmental stewardship. While Cali emphasized infrastructure gaps and the necessity for environmental enhancements, Janet’s insights highlight how existing interventions influence park usability. Together, their perspectives point to the importance of a multifaceted approach—integrating sustainable design, targeted fitness programming, and community-driven activities to maximize park engagement (Miller, 2025; Floyd & Smith, 2019). By addressing environmental concerns alongside physical activity promotion, urban planners and policymakers can create parks that serve as vibrant, inclusive, and health-promoting community assets. Gymnastics training. Significant experiences of Edmil Edmil’s experiences highlight the crucial role of parks in enhancing environmental sustainability, promoting physical activity, and fostering community well-being. His appreciation of enhanced park security aligns with research emphasizing that safety measures, such as increased surveillance and structured guidelines, significantly influence park utilization and engagement (Jennings et al., 2019; Kabisch et al., 2020). In addition to safety and cleanliness, Edmil perceives parks as restorative spaces that boost energy levels and encourage physical activity. His preference for walking aligns with studies demonstrating that parks play a vital role in promoting active lifestyles, reducing sedentary behavior, and mitigating the risks of lifestyle-related diseases (Zhang et al., 2022; Green et al., 2023). Urban green spaces provide opportunities for physical activities such as walking, jogging, and cycling, contributing to improved cardiovascular health and stress reduction (Pasanen et al., 2019; Koohsari et al., 2021). However, Edmil’s call for additional facilities, such as designated biking areas, underscores the need for diversified park amenities to cater to various fitness levels and interests. Furthermore, Edmil acknowledges the importance of parks as platforms for environmental awareness. His recognition that wellmaintained parks inspire sustainable behaviors supports literature highlighting the role of urban green spaces in fostering ecological consciousness (Tzoulas et al., 2021; Wolch et al., 2022). Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5023 Significant Experiences of Maribell Maribell’s experiences highlight the transformative impact of revitalized green spaces on urban environments and their role in promoting both physical activity and environmental responsibility. She emphasized how parks have evolved from plain cemented areas into lush, green landscapes, fostering a more inviting and relaxing atmosphere. This aligns with research demonstrating that the presence of trees, plants, and other greenery in urban settings improves air quality, reduces urban heat, and enhances overall well-being (Kabisch et al., 2020; Wolch et al., 2022). Studies further suggest that well-maintained parks contribute to stress reduction and mental health improvements, making them crucial components of urban planning (Tzoulas et al., 2021). Maribell’s appreciation for parks as nature-inspired fitness spaces highlights their role in encouraging physical activity. She noted that jogging, walking, and biking in parks felt more enjoyable and motivating compared to indoor gym workouts. This observation is supported by research indicating that outdoor exercise in green environments enhances physical and mental well-being more than exercising indoors (Koohsari et al., 2021; Green et al., 2023). Walking in parks has been linked to improved cardiovascular health, lower obesity rates, and a reduction in anxiety and depression (Zhang et al., 2022; Rigolon, 2022). Additionally, social modeling—where individuals are motivated to engage in exercise after observing others being physically active—has been identified as a key factor in promoting sustained physical activity (Pasanen et al., 2019). Maribell’s daily park visits demonstrate how urban green spaces serve as vital community resources that encourage long-term engagement in physical activities. Maribell’s experiences underscore the importance of continued investment in environmental interventions that enhance urban parks, making them more accessible and engaging for communities. Incorporating sustainable landscaping, expanding recreational facilities, and ensuring proper park maintenance can maximize the health, social, and environmental benefits of these spaces (Cohen et al., 2020; Rigolon, 2022). Significant Experiences of Maricel Maricel’s experiences highlight the significant role of continuous park development in promoting both environmental Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5030 Additionally, Zhongming et al. (2022) suggest that community-led initiatives such as park clean-up drives and tree-planting activities significantly contribute to promoting sustainable habits. When parks integrate educational programs about waste management and sustainability, they become more than just recreational spaces, they transform into hubs for ecological responsibility and public awareness. The presence of environmental interventions, such as recycling stations, native plant conservation, and eco-friendly infrastructure, further supports communities in their transition toward sustainability (Cohen & Marsh, 2021). Table 2d Significant Statements and Formulated Meanings The cleanliness and upkeep of parks symbolize a community’s collective appreciation for the environment and their shared responsibility in maintaining public spaces. The state of cleanliness in urban parks is a visible representation of a community’s values and attitudes toward their environment. Participants such as Edmil and Stephanie emphasized that well-maintained parks reflect a strong communal effort in preserving public spaces. Edmil noted that “When parks are clean, it shows that people care about their community. Neglected parks show the opposite.” Similarly, Stephanie observed that “A clean and wellmaintained park reflects how much a community values the environment and public spaces.” These statements align with research highlighting how urban parks function as communal spaces where environmental stewardship is reinforced (Barkham, 2025). When a park remains clean, it suggests that the local community is invested in sustaining a high-quality, shared environment. According to Hunter et al. (2020), well-kept parks not only improve public perception but also encourage more frequent visits and greater public engagement. This means that the responsibility for park maintenance should not fall solely on local authorities but also on community members, fostering a sense of collective accountability. Schipperijn et al. (2023) further argue that environmental interventions, such as adequate waste disposal facilities and routine park maintenance, significantly contribute to the usability and attractiveness of parks. Parks serve as a reflection of community discipline, where proper waste disposal practices indicate a growing sense of environmental responsibility. Parks are communal spaces that require cooperation and discipline from users to remain clean and accessible. Zia observed that while parks have trash bins, “Despite having trash bins, people don’t use them properly, which diminishes the park’s quality.” Maribell echoed this sentiment by noting that “Cleanliness in parks shows that people are becoming more responsible for their environment.” These insights reveal that while infrastructure is important, the behaviors and habits of park-goers ultimately determine the park’s condition. Myalkovsky (2023) emphasizes that parks serve as dynamic social hubs, and their upkeep depends largely on the collective discipline of visitors. The presence of trash bins alone does not guarantee cleanliness; rather, fostering a culture of environmental responsibility is essential. According to Floyd & Smith (2019), urban parks help instill civic responsibility by requiring visitors to engage in socially beneficial practices such as proper waste disposal. Additionally, Cohen & Marsh (2021) argue that public spaces with consistent maintenance and visible environmental messaging encourage responsible behaviors. When people see others cleaning up after themselves, they are more likely to follow suit. Thus, ensuring that parks remain clean is not just a matter of providing facilities; it is also about reinforcing behavioral norms that encourage environmental responsibility. Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5031 In summary, park cleanliness is a direct reflection of a community’s discipline. While infrastructure plays a role, individual and collective responsibility in using these facilities properly determines the success of environmental initiatives. Parks function as platforms for environmental education, fostering sustainable habits and responsible waste management among community members. Beyond serving as recreational areas, parks are also important venues for environmental education. Maricel emphasized this by stating that “Parks promote environmental awareness, teaching people to dispose of trash properly and create sustainable habits.” This highlights how parks are not just spaces for leisure but also places where people learn and practice environmental stewardship. Research by Owens & Williams (2022) supports this view, asserting that parks play an essential role in promoting sustainable behaviors. By providing educational signage, recycling bins, and community-led clean-up drives, parks help reinforce positive environmental habits. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2025) also suggest that incorporating sustainabilityfocused programs in urban parks leads to long-term improvements in public environmental consciousness. Furthermore, Alexander et al. (2024) argue that equitable access to well-maintained parks allows diverse community members to engage in environmental learning. When parks actively promote sustainability through design and programming, they create opportunities for people to adopt long-term environmentally friendly habits. Thus, parks serve as important platforms for environmental education, influencing how people interact with nature and reinforcing the importance of sustainable living. By incorporating green initiatives and fostering responsible behaviors, parks contribute to a broader culture of environmental consciousness Table 2e Significant Statements and Formulated Meanings Limited time and family commitments reduce the frequency of park visits, despite the desire to engage in recreational activities. Several participants noted that while they enjoy visiting parks, their family responsibilities and busy schedules limit their ability to do so. Janet shared that she only occasionally goes to the plaza with her child, primarily to relax rather than engage in physical activities. Similarly, Zia mentioned that family schedules often restrict their visits, but when they do go, they enjoy recreational activities. This aligns with research by Hunter et al. (2020), which emphasizes that accessibility and time constraints are major barriers to park engagement. Family obligations, work schedules, and school activities often compete with leisure time, reducing the frequency of park visits (Schipperijn et al., 2023). This lack of time can prevent individuals from engaging in consistent physical activity, which is essential for overall well-being. Furthermore, Owens & Williams (2022) argue that creating family-friendly environments in parks—such as playgrounds, picnic areas, and family-oriented events—can encourage more frequent visits. Parks that offer flexible programming, such as weekend family fitness sessions or after-work recreational activities, could help families overcome these time-related barriers. The lack of engaging programs and personal motivation contributes to infrequent park visits, which can negatively impact health and well-being. Maricel expressed that while she rarely visits parks, she notices others using them consistently. She suggested that parks should offer more programs to attract individuals like her. Similarly, Stephanie mentioned that she only goes to parks when a friend invites her or for schoolrelated projects, acknowledging that this lack of engagement negatively affects her physical health. This supports findings by Barkham (2025) and Myalkovsky (2023), which highlight the role of parks in fostering community engagement. Parks programmed with diverse activities—such as group fitness classes, cultural events, and sports leagues—tend to see higher participation rates. Without engaging programs, individuals may lack the motivation to visit, leading to decreased physical activity and potential health risks. Additionally, the CDC (2025) emphasizes that physical inactivity is linked to various health issues, including obesity and Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5032 cardiovascular diseases. Providing structured recreational activities, like Zumba sessions or guided nature walks, can encourage individuals to be more active in park spaces. Sportmadness (2023) also points out that offering recreational options catering to different age groups and interests can boost community participation and well-being. To address these barriers, local governments and park administrators should design programs that appeal to diverse groups, ensuring that parks remain attractive and accessible to all community members. SOP 3. Themes emerged from the testimonies of urban park users. Public parks play a vital role in fostering environmental awareness, promoting physical and mental well-being, and strengthening social connections within communities. Through a thorough analysis of participants’ significant experiences, 15 key themes emerged, which were clustered into five overarching themes: Reflection of Environmental and Social Values, Barriers to Park Engagement, Parks as Spaces for Physical Activity and Well-Being, Parks as Community Hubs, and Environmental Interventions and Maintenance. These themes collectively highlight the relationship between park usage and societal values, emphasizing the challenges and opportunities in enhancing public engagement. Theme 1: Enhancing Park Aesthetics to Encourage Engagement A well-designed park significantly enhances user experience by promoting relaxation, social interaction, and physical activity. The presence of trees, landscaped gardens, shaded seating areas, and aesthetically pleasing walkways fosters a sense of comfort and well-being, making parks more attractive to visitors. Research has shown that parks with natural elements such as greenery and water features provide psychological benefits, including stress reduction and improved mood (Schipperijn et al., 2023). Additionally, aesthetically appealing parks encourage repeated visits and more prolonged stays, leading to greater physical activity and social engagement among residents (CDC, 2025). Participants in the study echoed this sentiment, emphasizing that the presence of well-maintained green spaces and seating areas encouraged them to visit parks more frequently. The role of aesthetics in fostering community engagement is further supported by Barkham (2025), who notes that individuals are more likely to participate in recreational activities when parks are visually appealing and designed for comfort. Urban planners and local governments should prioritize environmental enhancements in park design to maximize community participation and well-being. Theme 2: Clean and Secure Parks as Catalysts for Recreation Cleanliness and safety are fundamental factors that determine the usability and attractiveness of parks. Well-maintained parks with proper waste management, security personnel, and adequate lighting create a welcoming and comfortable environment that encourages people to engage in recreational activities. Studies highlight that parks perceived as clean and secure have higher visitation rates and are associated with increased levels of physical activity among users (Hunter et al., 2020). The experiences shared by participants indicate that cleanliness plays a crucial role in determining their willingness to visit parks. When parks are neglected, with visible litter and poor maintenance, visitors feel discouraged from spending time in these spaces. Similarly, concerns about safety—such as the presence of unlit areas and the lack of security personnel—have been identified as barriers to park engagement. To promote park engagement, local governments should implement regular maintenance programs and enforce cleanliness policies. Additionally, installing lighting, providing security personnel, and fostering a sense of community ownership through volunteer-led cleanups can contribute to safer and more inviting parks. Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5033 Theme 3: Effective Waste Management for Sustainable Park Use Waste management in parks remains a critical issue that affects both environmental sustainability and user experience. While waste bins and sanitation facilities are often present, ineffective enforcement of cleanliness policies diminishes their impact. Research suggests that parks with strong waste management programs experience higher levels of visitor satisfaction and longterm sustainability (Myalkovsky, 2023). However, the effectiveness of these initiatives depends largely on community participation and consistent policy implementation. Participants noted that while parks are equipped with trash bins, some visitors fail to use them properly, leading to the accumulation of litter. This observation aligns with findings from Owens & Williams (2022), who argue that without proper enforcement and public awareness campaigns, waste management efforts remain insufficient. Community-driven initiatives, such as organized cleanup events and environmental awareness programs, have been shown to significantly improve park maintenance (Cohen & Marsh, 2021). To ensure that parks remain clean and usable, it is essential to implement stricter waste disposal regulations, conduct regular maintenance, and engage local communities in environmental stewardship. Creating a culture of shared responsibility for park cleanliness can enhance the overall experience for visitors while promoting sustainable urban spaces. Theme 4: Parks as Spaces for Relaxation and Mental Well-Being Parks play a vital role in enhancing mental well-being by providing a peaceful environment that helps individuals manage stress, improve mood, and foster overall psychological health. Research highlights that urban parks serve as essential spaces for relaxation, offering a natural escape from daily pressures (Barkham, 2025). Access to green spaces has been linked to lower levels of anxiety and depression, as well as improved cognitive function, reinforcing the idea that well-maintained parks contribute significantly to emotional resilience and mental clarity (Floyd & Smith, 2019). Participants in this study expressed that parks provide a retreat where they can unwind, engage in personal reflection, and enjoy nature. The ability to disconnect from urban stressors and immerse in green spaces aligns with studies emphasizing the importance of natural environments in promoting mental well-being (Hunter et al., 2020). Additionally, parks support social interaction, which further contributes to positive mental health outcomes. The presence of community members engaging in outdoor activities fosters a sense of belonging and reduces feelings of isolation (Owens & Williams, 2022). To maximize these benefits, local governments and urban planners should prioritize environmental interventions that enhance park accessibility and usability. Features such as shaded seating areas, sensory gardens, and wellmaintained pathways encourage more people to utilize parks for relaxation and mental restoration (CDC, 2025). Furthermore, incorporating educational programs on mindfulness and mental well-being into park activities can enhance their role as therapeutic spaces. Public awareness campaigns can also promote the mental health benefits of regular park visits, encouraging community members to integrate outdoor relaxation into their daily routines (Cohen & Marsh, 2021). Theme 5: Parks as Natural Spaces for Physical Activity Parks serve as essential spaces for promoting physical activity by providing accessible and enjoyable environments for exercise. Unlike indoor fitness facilities, parks offer open spaces, walking trails, and recreational areas that encourage movement in a natural setting. Studies highlight the role of diverse recreational facilities—such as parks, sports complexes, and outdoor fitness zones— in promoting active lifestyles and addressing public health challenges (Owens & Williams, 2022). The availability of green spaces has been linked to higher levels of physical engagement, contributing to overall well-being and reducing the risk of lifestylerelated diseases (CDC, 2025). Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5034 Participants in this study emphasized that parks offer a cost-effective alternative to gym memberships, allowing them to engage in activities such as walking, jogging, and group exercises. Research supports this view, indicating that well-maintained parks with accessible trails and exercise stations encourage higher participation in physical activity, particularly among individuals who may not have access to private fitness facilities (Schipperijn et al., 2023). Additionally, social interactions within park settings help sustain long-term exercise habits, fostering a sense of community while promoting active lifestyles (Sportmadness, 2023). To enhance park utilization for physical activity, urban planners and local governments should prioritize investments in infrastructure improvements. Safe and welllit walking paths, outdoor gym facilities, and designated activity zones can increase engagement among community members (Hunter et al., 2020). Community fitness programs —such as organized group exercises, fun runs, and wellness events—can further encourage residents to integrate regular exercise into their daily routines. Theme 6: Social Influences and Well-Maintained Parks as Motivators for Healthy Lifestyles Social interactions and well-maintained parks play a crucial role in encouraging individuals to adopt active and healthy lifestyles. Parks serve as social hubs where people engage in physical activities together, fostering accountability and motivation. Research highlights that individuals are more likely to participate in physical activities when they see others doing the same, as social influence strengthens engagement and long-term commitment (Sportmadness, 2023). Participants in this study noted that observing friends and family members engaging in park activities encourages them to follow suit. This aligns with research demonstrating that diverse recreational facilities, such as parks and community fitness zones, enhance social ties and encourage physical activity (Floyd & Smith, 2019). Moreover, wellmaintained parks that are clean, safe, and equipped with proper amenities further reinforce motivation. Studies indicate that environmental interventions—such as proper lighting, safe pathways, and accessible recreational spaces— can significantly increase park usage and activity levels (Hunter et al., 2020; Schipperijn et al., 2023). Theme 7: Clean and Inviting Parks Inspire Daily Exercise and Family Bonding A well-maintained and inviting park environment fosters routine exercise and strengthens family connections. Parks provide spaces where individuals of all ages can engage in recreational activities, making physical activity an enjoyable and habitual family experience. Research shows that diverse recreational facilities—such as playgrounds, walking trails, and open spaces—promote intergenerational physical activity, reinforcing healthy behaviors across all age groups (Owens & Williams, 2022). Participants emphasized that they are more likely to visit parks with their loved ones when they feel the space is well-maintained, clean, and free from hazards. Studies support this perspective, demonstrating that safe and aesthetically pleasing parks contribute to higher participation rates and positive user experiences (Schipperijn et al., 2023). Additionally, well-maintained parks with shaded seating areas, picnic zones, and accessible trails create opportunities for families to engage in bonding activities while promoting an active lifestyle (CDC, 2025). To enhance these benefits, urban planners should prioritize family-friendly amenities such as playgrounds, picnic areas, and multi-purpose recreational spaces. Regular sanitation efforts, adequate lighting, and community-driven maintenance initiatives can further ensure that parks remain attractive and conducive to both fitness and family bonding (Miller, 2025). Theme 8: Clean and Well-Maintained Parks as a Reflection of Community Values Clean and well-maintained parks serve as tangible representations of a community’s values, reflecting the residents’ commitment to environmental stewardship and collective responsibility. Research highlights that urban parks enhance social cohesion and contribute to a sense of belonging among residents (Barkham, 2025). The condition of these public spaces can shape how individuals perceive their community, influencing civic pride and engagement (Myalkovsky, 2023). Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5035 Participants in this study emphasized that wellkept parks enhance the overall livability of their surroundings and foster stronger social ties. This observation aligns with findings suggesting that the aesthetic appeal and maintenance of parks are directly linked to increased public use and community involvement (Schipperijn et al., 2023). Additionally, the presence of clean and accessible green spaces encourages social interactions and active lifestyles, further strengthening community bonds (Hunter et al., 2020). To sustain this positive impact, local authorities and community organizations must invest in regular park maintenance, promote civic engagement through volunteer clean-up programs, and implement policies that encourage environmental responsibility. Encouraging residents to take part in park preservation efforts fosters a culture of shared ownership and accountability, ultimately reinforcing community values (CDC, 2025). Theme 9: Park Cleanliness as a Measure of Environmental Discipline and Responsibility The cleanliness of parks serves as an indicator of a community’s environmental awareness, discipline, and waste management practices. While many parks provide waste disposal facilities, their effectiveness largely depends on public cooperation and adherence to environmental guidelines (Owens & Williams, 2022). Research suggests that the presence of litter and neglected waste bins often reflects gaps in environmental education and behavioral norms regarding sustainability (Schipperijn et al., 2023). Participants observed that improper waste disposal remains a persistent issue despite the availability of trash bins. This aligns with findings that highlight the importance of environmental interventions—such as clear waste management policies, visible signage, and public awareness campaigns—to mitigate littering and enhance park cleanliness (CDC, 2025). Furthermore, aesthetically maintained parks are associated with higher levels of community engagement and civic trust, reinforcing the need for sustainable waste management practices (Floyd & Smith, 2019) To improve park cleanliness, municipalities should implement effective waste segregation systems, enforce anti-littering regulations, and promote eco-friendly initiatives, such as composting and recycling stations. Educational programs that instill environmental responsibility can further strengthen public discipline in waste management, ensuring that parks remain clean and accessible for all (Cohen & Marsh, 2021). Theme 10: Parks as Platforms for Environmental Awareness and Sustainable Habits Beyond their recreational function, parks serve as platforms for environmental education, fostering sustainability and responsible behaviors among visitors. Research underscores that green spaces provide opportunities for learning about conservation, climate change, and eco-friendly practices (Hunter et al., 2020). Parks that incorporate interactive environmental programs, such as tree-planting drives, biodiversity conservation efforts, and sustainability workshops, have been shown to cultivate long-term positive behavioral changes in communities (Miller, 2025). Participants highlighted that engaging in parkbased activities—such as guided nature walks and recycling initiatives—enhanced their understanding of environmental issues. This aligns with studies demonstrating that welldesigned park programs contribute to increased ecological awareness and proactive environmental habits (Schipperijn et al., 2023; Owens & Williams, 2022). Moreover, the integration of green infrastructure in parks, including rain gardens and renewable energy installations, reinforces sustainable urban development and climate resilience (CDC, 2025). To maximize the role of parks in promoting sustainability, local governments should collaborate with schools, environmental organizations, and community groups to develop educational initiatives. Digital information boards, eco-trails, and interactive exhibits can serve as effective tools to engage park visitors and inspire environmental responsibility. By transforming parks into dynamic learning spaces, communities can foster a culture of sustainability and long-term ecological stewardship (Barkham, 2025). Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5036 Theme 11: Parks as Reflections of Collective Environmental Responsibility The condition of a park serves as an indicator of a community’s commitment to environmental responsibility and sustainable living. Well-maintained parks symbolize a collective effort to preserve green spaces, while neglected parks suggest a lack of environmental stewardship. Studies highlight that green spaces function as representations of public attitudes toward urban sustainability, influencing civic engagement and environmental participation (Schipperijn et al., 2023). Participants in this study observed that clean parks reflect a culture of care and responsibility, whereas unmaintained parks indicate community neglect. This perspective aligns with research emphasizing that environmental aesthetics and park maintenance play a critical role in shaping public behavior and attitudes (Myalkovsky, 2023). Additionally, literature suggests that fostering collective responsibility through communitydriven park maintenance programs enhances civic pride and promotes long-term environmental stewardship (CDC, 2025). To strengthen this collective responsibility, local governments and community organizations must implement participatory initiatives, such as citizen-led clean-up drives, tree-planting programs, and awareness campaigns on urban sustainability. By involving residents in park maintenance, cities can reinforce a sense of ownership and encourage sustainable urban living (Barkham, 2025). Theme 12: Waste Disposal Practices as Indicators of Environmental Discipline Proper waste disposal in parks reflects environmental discipline and public awareness of sustainability practices. Despite the availability of waste bins, participants reported that littering remains a prevalent issue, highlighting gaps in environmental education and enforcement. Studies suggest that effective waste management policies, combined with behavioral interventions, significantly reduce littering in public spaces (Owens & Williams, 2022). This observation is consistent with findings that suggest parks with visible waste accumulation experience a decline in public usage and overall cleanliness (Schipperijn et al., 2023). Research also emphasizes that community. driven waste management strategies—such as public recycling initiatives and composting programs—enhance environmental discipline and promote sustainable habits (Hunter et al., 2020). To address this issue, municipalities should implement comprehensive waste management plans that include strict policy enforcement, increased accessibility of waste bins, and targeted awareness campaigns. Digital signages, educational programs, and community involvement can further reinforce responsible waste disposal behaviors, ensuring that parks remain clean and welcoming for all visitors (Cohen & Marsh, 2021). Theme 13: Parks as Spaces for Social Cohesion and Community Engagement Parks serve as essential public spaces that foster social cohesion, inclusivity, and community engagement. Research highlights that well-maintained parks encourage positive social interactions, strengthen community bonds, and contribute to overall well-being (Schipperijn et al., 2023; Owens & Williams, 2022). Participants noted that parks play a crucial role in hosting communal activities, such as family gatherings, fitness programs, and cultural events. This aligns with findings that emphasize the role of green spaces in promoting civic participation and fostering a sense of belonging among diverse populations (CDC, 2025). Additionally, studies indicate that vibrant, interactive parks encourage pro-environmental behaviors, further supporting sustainable urban development (Barkham, 2025). To enhance the social value of parks, local governments should integrate community-driven initiatives, such as outdoor education programs, cultural festivals, and volunteer-led maintenance activities. By transforming parks into inclusive, dynamic spaces, cities can promote both social cohesion and environmental stewardship, ensuring their long-term sustainability (Myalkovsky, 2023). Theme 14: Competing Responsibilities and Time Constraints Limit Park Engagement Many individuals and families find it challenging to allocate time for park visits due to work, school, and household responsibilities. Studies indicate that time constraints and competing obligations significantly limit participation in outdoor recreational activities, even though such activities offer substantial physical and mental health benefits (Schipperijn et al., 2023; Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5037 Owens & Williams, 2022). Participants in this study expressed that while they enjoy visiting parks, their busy schedules prevent them from doing so regularly. For instance, Zia mentioned that family responsibilities limit their park visits, while Janet noted that she only visits parks occasionally with her child. This aligns with research suggesting that structured lifestyles and demanding routines often take precedence over leisure activities, reducing outdoor recreation opportunities (Barkham, 2025). To address this challenge, urban planners and local governments can implement flexible park programming, extend operating hours, and integrate parks into daily routines. Creating multi-purpose green spaces near residential and work areas, as well as incorporating parks into school and corporate wellness programs, can encourage frequent engagement despite time limitations (CDC, 2025) Theme 15: Lack of Engaging Activities and Programs Reduces Park Visits A significant factor influencing park engagement is the availability of engaging activities. Parks that lack structured programs or appealing features often struggle to attract visitors, even when individuals recognize the benefits of outdoor spaces (Schipperijn et al., 2023). Participants, such as Maricel, mentioned that they rarely visit parks because there are no compelling reasons to do so. They suggested that parks should offer more organized programs to attract visitors. This observation aligns with findings that highlight the role of park-based activities in fostering higher participation rates. Research suggests that parks with structured fitness programs, cultural events, and interactive recreational options tend to experience increased public engagement (Cohen & Marsh, 2021). To enhance park utilization, municipalities and community organizations should introduce diverse recreational options, such as outdoor fitness classes, guided nature walks, weekend markets, and cultural festivals. Developing well-planned, dynamic programs can make parks more attractive and encourage consistent use, fostering both individual well-being and community cohesion (Myalkovsky, 2023). Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5038 Emergent Theme 1: Environmental Interventions and Maintenance Urban parks significantly contribute to enhancing the quality of life in cities, but their success relies heavily on the quality of environmental interventions and the consistency of their maintenance. Participants in the study shared varied perspectives on these interventions, ranging from appreciation for visible improvements to frustrations with inconsistent enforcement and incomplete upgrades. Their insights provide a nuanced understanding of both the positive outcomes and persistent challenges in managing urban parks. Several participants acknowledged the positive impact of visible improvements in parks. Participant 1 expressed appreciation for the enhancements, stating: This underscores the need for periodic updates and consistent investments to maintain the functionality and attractiveness of parks over time. To address these challenges, local governments and park management authorities can adopt several strategies. Educating park users about proper waste disposal and creating a sense of community ownership can foster responsible behavior and reduce littering. Establishing regular maintenance schedules will ensure that parks remain clean, safe, and usable for all visitors. Furthermore, datadriven investments can prioritize interventions in parks that serve the most users or have the greatest need for improvements. By combining these strategies, park management can create a more equitable and sustainable system that benefits the entire community. Participants recognized and appreciated improvements such as landscaping, trash bins, and additional amenities but emphasized that these efforts must be supported by consistent maintenance and enforcement. As Participant 10 aptly noted: “Clean parks inspire relaxation and exercise, but unclean ones make you want to leave immediately.” This sentiment underscores the importance of creating parks that not only meet the needs of the community but also foster a sense of pride and responsibility among users. A well-maintained park is more than a recreational space, it is a reflection of a community’s values and commitment to providing inclusive and sustainable public spaces. Emergent Theme 2: Parks as Spaces for Physical Activity and Well-Being Urban parks serve as vital spaces that promote physical activity and contribute to the overall well-being of their users. Participants Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5039 across the study highlighted how parks encourage exercise, provide opportunities for relaxation, and foster healthier lifestyles. Their responses reflect the significance of parks as inclusive environments where individuals can engage in fitness routines while benefiting from natural settings. Several participants emphasized the role of parks in encouraging physical activity. Participant 4 noted: “It provides another place for me to do exercise. There are Zumba, jogging areas, and wide spaces for running, biking, basketball, and badminton.” This statement underscores the versatility of parks as venues for various physical activities. Parks offer spaces for both organized fitness routines, such as Zumba, and unstructured activities like jogging or biking, making them accessible to individuals with diverse preferences and fitness goals The connection between parks and well-being was also evident in Participant 1’s observation: “Peaceful and use for relaxing purposes if you have stress.” This highlights the dual role of parks as places for physical activity and mental rejuvenation. Beyond exercise, the serene environment of parks provides an escape from daily stresses, enabling users to unwind and recharge. Similarly, Participant 7 shared: “The proximity to nature makes jogging and biking in the park more enjoyable than going to the gym.” This sentiment illustrates how natural surroundings enhance the experience of physical activity, making it more appealing and fulfilling compared to indoor alternatives. Participants also recognized the motivational aspect of parks, particularly the influence of observing others engaging in physical activities. Participant 2 shared: The responses collectively underscore the value of parks in promoting health and well-being. They serve as accessible spaces for structured and unstructured physical activities, provide a serene environment for mental relaxation, and foster social interactions that motivate users to stay active. However, the insights also reveal that the effectiveness of parks in fulfilling these roles depends significantly on their cleanliness and maintenance. As Participant 9 pointed out, the condition of a park can either encourage or deter physical activity, emphasizing the need for consistent upkeep to maximize their benefits. Parks are not just recreational spaces but essential environments that support physical activity and holistic well-being. Their versatility in accommodating various fitness routines, combined with the mental and social benefits they offer, makes them indispensable to urban communities. However, to sustain their role as spaces for physical activity and well-being, park authorities must prioritize maintenance and cleanliness. As highlighted by the participants, a well-maintained park inspires users to engage in healthier lifestyles, strengthens social connections, and fosters a greater sense of community. Emergent Theme 3: Parks as Community Hubs Parks are more than just spaces for physical activity; they serve as vital community hubs that bring people together, foster social interactions, and accommodate a wide range of recreational and communal activities. Participants in the study highlighted the role of parks as inclusive spaces where individuals and groups can bond, collaborate, and engage in diverse experiences. These responses underscore the importance of parks in building social connections and promoting a sense of community. Parks play a vital role in reflecting and shaping the environmental and social values of a community. They highlight the importance of collective care, environmental discipline, and sustainability, serving as spaces that model responsible behavior. As Participant 8 aptly noted: “Parks promote environmental awareness and teach sustainable habits.” To maximize their impact, park management must focus on consistent maintenance, proper enforcement, and community engagement. A well-maintained park not only benefits its immediate users but also reinforces a culture of accountability and care that extends across the community. Emergent Theme 5: Barriers to Park Engagement Despite their recognized benefits, urban parks are often underutilized due to various barriers that limit regular engagement. Participants in the study highlighted obstacles such as personal schedules, family responsibilities, accessibility issues, and inconsistent park quality. These barriers reveal underlying challenges that prevent parks from reaching their full potential as inclusive spaces for physical activity, relaxation, and community engagement. One of the most frequently mentioned barriers was the lack of time or conflicting personal and family schedules. Participant 10 shared: This response illustrates how parks may not be perceived as essential or conveniently located, limiting their appeal for regular use. For families, the lack of nearby or easily accessible parks can discourage frequent visits, especially when transportation or time becomes a constraint. Participant 8 also emphasized the need for more consistent programs to attract users, stating: To overcome these barriers, park authorities and local governments can implement several strategies. Introducing community- Green Spaces and Active Life: A Study of Urban Park Interventions and Physical Activity IJMRA, Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2025 www.ijmra.in Page 5046 75) World Health Organization. (2024). Physical activity. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physicalactivity 76) World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. (2020). Urban green space interventions and health: A review of impacts and effectiveness. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/366036 77) Zuo, W., Cheng, B., Feng, X., & Zhuang, X. (2024). Relationship between urban green space and mental health in older adults: Mediating role of relative deprivation, physical activity, and social trust. Frontiers in Public Health, 12 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.144256 There is an Open Access article, distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.