The Influence of Landlords and The Struggles of Tribal People in Lakshmi Saravanakumar's Novels

150 £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ £UP® öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ The Influence of Landlords and The Struggles of Tribal People in Lakshmi Saravanakumar’s Novels J. Sharafin Reg.no : 22213154021018, Department of Tamil S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli Dr. N. Nisha Navis Assistant Professor, Department of Tamil, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil Manonmaniyam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli Abstract Lakshmi Saravanakumar easily presents the class divisions that exist in society through the stories of landlords and tribals. In these novels, he has highlighted the tribals and their life problems. His novels portray the tribal people as the slave classes and the landlords as the dominant classes. These novels reflect social class divisions and economic inequalities. Marginalized people, who are seen as communities that are alienated from mainstream society, are subjected to many hardships by the ruling classes. The ruling classes are creating changes in the lives of marginalized people and bringing them under their control. Their influence is also penetrating tribal communities with tight cultural ties. Tribal communities traditionally hold festivals when problems arise in their environments, thereby reviving the community. Changes in a community’s language, religion, and culture lead to a loss of trust among the community members. There is a belief among the Paliyar people that every Paliyar is sent by the Palichi god to protect the forests. There are many wealthy people in society who plunder nature. Their economic and political advancement leads to the enslavement of marginalized people. There is a dawn for all enslaved people. The dawn of freedom must arise from within them. The struggle is necessary to put an end to the suffering they have endured. Hunting is the basic livelihood of tribal people. It is a way to fulfill the food requirement. The basic livelihood of the common people is seen as a source of entertainment and a platform for the ruling class, such as the landlords and farmers. The freedom and economic progress of tribal people are hindered as their lands are taken under the control of landlords. Tribal farmers lose their land rights and become slaves. This research article examines the lifestyle of the landlords, their livelihood impacts on the tribals, and the resurgence of the tribals. Keywords: Tribals, Landlords, Oppression, Marginalized People, Exploits, Resurgence References 1. Rasamanikkanar, Ma., History of Tamil Nadu and Tamil Culture, Tamil Development Department, Chennai - 600 008. 2. Bhaktavatsala Bharathi, Tribal Communities of Tamil Nadu, Adaiyalam Press, 1205/1, Karur Road, Pudukkottai - 621 310. 3. Bhaktavatsala Bharathi, Anthropological Theories, Adaiyalam Press, 1205/1, Karur Road, Pudukkottai - 621 310. ©»º: 10 ]Ó¨¤uÌ: 1 ©õu®: AU@hõ£º Á¸h®: 2025 P-ISSN: 2454-3993 E-ISSN: 2582-2810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.17255932 151 £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ £UP® öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ 4. Lakshmi Saravanakumar, Vettai (The Hunt), Zero Degree Publication, 55(7), R-Block, 6th Avenue, Anna Nagar, Chennai - 600 040. 5. Lakshmi Saravanakumar, Kanagan (Forest Dweller), Zero Degree Publication, 55(7), R-Block, 6th Avenue, Anna Nagar, Chennai - 600 040. 6. Lakshmi Saravanakumar, Panri Vettai (Wild Boar Hunt), Zero Degree Publication, 55(7), R-Block, 6th Avenue, Anna Nagar, Chennai - 600 040. 7. Vincent Raj, Mettukudikal (Hill Tribes), NCBH, 40A, Alangulam, Karangadu. K.K. Pillai, History of Tamil Nadu: People and Culture, World Tamil Research Institute, Second Main Road, Central Polytechnic Campus, Taramani, Chennai. 8. John Kennedy, Summer Hill Tribes, Mugil Publications, Ideas Center, 26-A, Vazhaithopu, Chinthamani Road, Madurai. 9. Sheraphin, J., Cultural Characteristics and Changes of Tribal People in Lakshmi Saravanakumar’s Fiction, Tamil Language and Literature International Research Journal, Volume 7, Special Issue - 2, February 2025, E&ISSN: 2581-7140. 152 £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ £UP® öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ »èª \µÁnS©õº |õÁÀPÎÀ á«ßuõºPÎß uõUP[PЮ £Ç[Si ©UPÎß Áõ̯À ÷£õµõmh[PЮ öá. öåµõ¤ß £vÄGs:22213154021018, uªÌzxøÓ öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ ©÷Úõß©o¯® _¢uµÚõº £ÀPø»UPÇP®, v¸ö|À÷Á¼ ÷|. {åõ÷|Âì Eu¨ ÷£µõ]›¯º, uªÌzxøÓ, öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ ©÷Úõß©o¯® _¢uµÚõº £ÀPø»UPÇP®, v¸ö|À÷Á¼ B#Ä_¸UP® \‰PzvÀ {»Ä® ÁºUP ¤›ÂøÚPøÍ »èª \µÁnS©õº uÚx ¦øÚPøuPÎÀ á«ßuõºPÒ ©ØÖ® £Ç[SiPÒ ‰»® GÎuõP •ßøÁUQÓõº. C¢|õÁÀPÎÀ £Ç[SiPÒ £ØÔ²® AÁºPÍx Áõ̯À ]UPÀPÒ £ØÔ²® GkzxU TÔ²ÒÍõº. CÁµx |õÁÀPÒ Aiø© ÁºUP[PÍõP £Ç[Si ©UPøͲ® BvUP ÁºUP[PÍõP á«ßuõºPøͲ® •ßÛÖzxQßÓx. \•uõ¯ ÁºUP ¤›ÂøÚPøͲ® ö£õ¸Íõuõµ HØÓzuõÌÄPøͲ® C¢|õÁÀPÒ ¤µv£¼UQßÓÚ. Ai¨£øh \‰PzvÀ C¸¢x »Q¯ \‰P[PÍõP Põn¨£k® Âή¦ {ø» ©UPÒ AvPõµ ÁºUP[PÍõÀ £» CßÚÀPÐUS EÒÍõQßÓÚº. Âή¦ {ø» ©UPÍx Áõ̯¼À ©õØÓ[PøÍ E¸ÁõUQ AvPõµ ÁºUP[PÒ u[PÍx Pmk¨£õmiØSÒ øÁUQßÓÚº. CÖUP©õÚ £s£õmk¨ ¤ønÄPÒ öPõsh £Ç[Si \‰PzvÚº «x® CÁºPÍx BvUP® FkÖÄQÓx. £Ç[Si \‰P[PÒ u[PÒ `ÇÀPÎÀ ]UPÀPÒ HØ£k® ÷£õx £õµ®£›¯ •øÓ¨£i v¸ÂÇõUPÒ |hzxQßÓÚº. Cuß ‰»® «sk® \‰Pzøu ¦x¨¤zxU öPõÒQßÓÚº. J¸ \‰Pzvß ö©õÈ, öu#Á® ©ØÖ® £s£õk CÁØÔß ©õÖuÀPÒ \‰P ©UPÎøh÷¯ |®¤UøP CÇUP ö\#QÓx. PõkPøÍ £õxPõUP JÆöÁõ¸ £Î¯º CÚzuÁ¸® £Îa]¯õÀ Aݨ£¨£kQÓõºPÒ GßÓ |®¤UøP £Î¯›Ú ©UPÎøh÷¯ Põn¨£kQÓx. C¯ØøPø¯ öPõÒøͯizx \‰PzvÀ £» ö\ÀÁ¢uºPÒ Põn¨£kQßÓÚº. CÁºPÎß ö£õ¸Íõuõµ ©ØÖ® Aµ]¯À ÷©®£õk Âή¦ {ø» ©UPøÍ Aiø©¨£kzu ÁÈÁøP ö\#QÓx. AøÚzx Aiø© {ø» ©UPÐUS® Âi¯À Gߣx Esk. _u¢vµ Âi¯À AÁºPÎh®C¸¢x ÷uõßÔ¯õP ÷Ásk®. uõ[PÒ AÝ£ÂUS® CßÚÀPÐUS •ØÖ¨¦Òΰh Gvº¨¦ ÷£õµõmh[PÒ AÁ]¯©õÚx. ÷Ámøh Gߣx £Ç[Si ©UPÍx Ai¨£øh Áõ̯À. EnÄ ÷uøÁø¯ §ºzv ö\#²® J¸ ÁÈU÷Põ¼. £õ©µºPÍx Ai¨£øh Áõ̯À á«ßPÒ ©ØÖ® £søn¯õºPÒ ÷£õßÓ AvPõµ ÁºUPzvØS ö£õÊx ÷£õUPõPÄ® öP͵Ázøu öÁÎUPõmk® PÍ[PÍõPÄ® Põn¨£kQÓx. £Ç[Si ©UPÎß ÁõÈh[PÒ á«ß Pmk¨£õmkUSÒÍõP¨ £mhuõÀ £Ç[Si ©UPÎß _u¢vµ® ©ØÖ® ö£õ¸Íõuõµ •Ø÷£õUS{ø» uøh£kQÓx. £Ç[Si ÂÁ\õ°PÒ {» E›ø© CÇ¢x Aiø©PÍõQßÓÚº. CÆÁõ#Ä Pmkøµ°À á«ßuõºPÎß ÁõÌUøP •øÓø¯²® AÁºPÒ £Ç[SiPÒ «x HØ£kzx® ÁõÌÁõuõµ uõUP[PøͲ®©ØÖ® £Ç[SiPÎß «Ò GÊa]ø¯²® Põn»õ®. SÔ¨¦a ö\õØPÒ: £Ç[Si°Úº, {»¨¤µ¦UPÒ, AhUS•øÓ, Âή¦{ø»©UPÒ, _µshÀPÒ, ©Ö©»ºa] 153 £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ £UP® öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ •ßÝøµ E»Qß ö£õ¸Íõuõµ _ÇØ]EøÇUS® ÁºUPzøu Ai¨£øh¯õPU öPõsk Aø©QÓx. EøǨ¤ÚõÀ ©mk÷© E»P® C¯[SQÓx. EøÇUS® ÁºUPzøu •u»õÎ ÁºUP® J¸ Pmhø©¨¤ØSÒ AhUSQÓx. CuÝÒ ÷Áø» ÷|µ®, Fv¯®, £o ö\#²® •øÓ, E¯º £u ÁQ¨£ÁºPÐUPõÚ ©›¯õøu ÷£õßÓøÁ Ah[S®. C¢u Pmhø©¨¦ •u»õÎPÒ •ß÷ÚØÓzvØPõP ©mk® HØ£kzu¨£mhuõÀ öuõÈ»õͺPÒ £õvUP¨£kQßÓÚº. »èª \µÁnS©õº PõÚPß, £ßÔ ÷Ámøh BQ¯ |õÁÀPÎÀ \‰PzvÀ {PÊ® ÁºUP ÷ÁÖ£õkPøÍ £Ç[Si ©UPøͲ® á«ßuõºPøͲ® E¸ÁP©õUQ öÁÎUöPõnº¢xÒÍõº. á«ßuõºPÒ AvPõµzøu B²u©õPU öPõsk PõkPÒ «x® PõkPøÍ ÁõÌÂh©õPU öPõsh ©µ[PÒ, »[SPÒ ©ØÖ® Qµõ©¦Ó ©UPÒ «x® Áß•øÓPøÍ PmhÂÌUQßÓÚº. £õ©µ ©UPÒ u[PÍx Gvº¨¦PøÍ ö\ÀÁ¢uºPÐUS®, AvPõµ ÁºUP[PÐUS® GvµõP PõmkÁx GÎuÀ». CzuøP¯ Áß•øÓPÒ `Ǽ¯À\©{ø» ©ØÖ® uÛ©Ûu _u¢vµzøu «ÖÁuõP Põn¨£kQÓx. C¸¨¤Ý® Põ»¨÷£õUQÀ ¦v¯öuõ¸ ©õØÓzøu ÷ui CÍ® uø»•øÓ uÚx Gvº¨ø£ •ßøÁUQÓx. £Ç[Si ©UPÒ Gvº öPõsh Áõ̯À ]UPÀPøͲ® á«ßuõºPÍx _µshÀPøͲ® ©ØÖ® £Ç[SiPÍx GvºÂøÚPøͲ® B#ÁuõP CUPmkøµ Aø©QÓx.. á«ßuõºPÒ á«ßuõº GßÓ ö\õÀ ö£ºæ¯ ö©õÈ°¼¸¢x ÷uõßÔ¯x BS®. á«ß GßÓõÀ {»® GßÖ® uõº GßÓõÀ øÁzv¸¨£Áº GßÖ® ö£õ¸Ò£kQÓx. AuõÁx {»zøu øÁzv¸¨£Áøµ á«ßuõº GßÖ AøÇUQßÓÚº. C¢v¯õÂÀ •uß•u¼À •P»õ¯ Bm] Põ»zvÀ á«ßuõº GßÓ Aø©¨¦ E¸ÁõUP¨£mhx. •P»õ¯ºPÐUS® |õ¯UPºPÐUS® {»Á› Á`¼zx öPõk¨£ÁºPÍõP á«ßuõºPÒ £o¯©ºzu¨£mhÚº. CÁºPÒ ©UPÒ Á]US® ©ØÖ® ÂÁ\õ¯® ö\#²® {»[PÐUPõÚ Á›PøÍ Á`¼zx Aµ]h® J¨£øhzuÚº. CÁºPÒ B[Q÷»¯ºPÐUPõP Á› Á`¼zu÷uõk u[PÒ £SvPÎÀ ]ØÓµ\ºPøÍ ÷£õ»÷Á Bm] ö\#uÚº. Si©UPÎß Áͺa]°À PÁÚ® öPõÒÍõu {» ¤µ¦UPÎß ÁõÌUøP •øÓø¯ hõUhº ÷P. ÷P. ¤ÒøÍ AÁºPÒ uÚx ¡¼À, {»Á›z uskÁuØPõP÷Á |õ¯UP ©ßÚºPÍõ¾® B[Q÷»¯µõ¾® {¯ªUP¨£mh á«ßuõºPЮ áõRºuõµºPЮ uõ•® •i`i¯ ©ßÚºPøͨ ÷£õ»÷Á |õhõsk AÍÁØÓ £Pmi¾® Bh®£µzv¾® ÁõÌUøPø¯ ÷£õUQ Á¢uÚº. (uªÇP Áµ»õÖ ©UPЮ £s£õk® £U.520) GßÖ SÔ¨¤mkÒÍõº. B[Q÷»¯º Bm]UPõ»® Áøµ CÁºPÍx £o öuõhº¢ux. B[Q÷»¯º Bm] Põ»zvÀ 1793 B® Bsk {µ¢uµ wºÄ \mh® C¯ØÓ¨£mhx. Auߣi {»zvß •Ê E›ø©²® ᪢uõºPÐUS öPõkUP¨£mhx. ©ßÚµõm] Põ»zvÀ £õøͯUPõµºPÍõP C¸¢uÁºPÒ B[Q÷»¯º Bm] Põ»zvÀ á«ßuõºPÍõP E¸ö£ØÓÚº. uªÇPzvÀ Ph¿º, ©xøµ, v¸ö|À÷Á¼, ug\õź, µõ©|õu¦µ® ÷£õßÓ £SvPÎÀ AvP©õP á«ß Sk®£[PÒ Põn¨£mhÚ. £Ç[SiPÒ Áõ̯À PõkPøͲ® ©ø»PøͲ® u[PÒ §ºÃP©õPU öPõsk £Ç[Põ» Áõ̯À •øÓPøÍ ¤ß£ØÔ ÁõÌ£ÁºPÒ £Ç[Si ©UPÒ GßÖ AøÇUP¨£kQßÓÚº. £Ç[Si \‰P[PÒ ö£õxÄhø© 154 £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ £UP® öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ \‰P[PÍõP Põn¨£kQßÓÚ. CÁºPÎøh÷¯ £Qº¢x EsquÀ ÷£õßÓ £s¦PÒ Põn¨£kQÓx. ‰uõøu¯ºPÒ Pmhø©zu £s£õkPøÍ, ÂvPøÍ «ÓõuÁºPÍõP Põn¨£kQßÓÚº. CÁºPÍx ÁõÌÄ C¯¢vµ[PÒ HxªßÔ C¯ØøP¯õÀ Pmhø©UP¨£mkÒÍx. u[PÒ •ß÷ÚõºPÒ ÁÈ£mh öu#Á[PøͲ® ÁÚ ÷uÁøuPøͲ® ÁÈ£kQßÓÚº. CÁºPÒ u[PÍx Ai¨£øhz ÷uøÁPÐUPõP ÷Ámøh¯õkuÀ ÷uß GkzuÀ vøn £°›kuÀ ÷£õßÓ ]Ö ÂÁ\õ¯ •øÓPøͲ® ¤ß£ØÖQßÓÚº. GÎø©¯õÚ Bøh Aø©¨¦PøͲ® £õøÓ ¦hÄPøÍ u[PÍx ÁõÈh©õPÄ® öPõskÒÍÚº. CÁºPÍx Áõ̯À ö£¸®£õ¾® öÁÎ E»øP \õµõ©À Põn¨£kQÓx. öÁÎ E»P ©ÛuºP÷Íõk EÓÄ P»¨¤ßÔ ÁõÌ¢uÚº. £Ç[Si ©UPÎß Áõ̯À uÛzxÁ©õÚx. ¤Ó \‰P ©UPÎß öuõhº¤À»õ©À ÁõÊ® uPÁø©¨ø£¨ ö£ØÓÁºPÒ. u[PÐUPõÚ BøhPøÍ u[PÐUS HØÓõØ ÷£õÀ E¸ÁõUQU öPõÒQßÓÚº. EnÄPøÍ uõ[P÷Í ÷uiU öPõÒQßÓÚº. (uªÌö©õÈ ©ØÖ® C»UQ¯ £ßÚõmk B#ÂuÌ.£U.698) u[PÍx §ºÃP Ch[PÎÀ á«ßuõºPÒ ÷£õßÓ \©öÁÎ ©ÛuºPÍõÀ HØ£k® `Ǽ¯À ©õØÓ[PÍõÀ £» Áõ̯À ©õØÓ[PøÍ \¢vUQßÓÚº. Bøh EkzxuÀ EnÄ £ÇUP ÁÇUP[PÒ BQ¯ÁØÔÀ ©õØÓ[PÒ HØ£kQßÓÚ. ÁÚzvÀ ÁõÊ® Aa_Özx® »[SPøÍ öu#Á[PÍõP ÁÈ£kQßÓÚº. PõmiØS E°º C¸¨£uõPÄ® PõkPøÍ AȨ£ÁºPøÍ C¯ØøP usi¨£uõPÄ® |®¦QßÓÚº. EnÂØPõÚ \©{ø» HØ£hõu ÷£õx ÷Ámøh¯õkuø» øP¯õÒQßÓÚº. ÷ÁmøhUöPßÖ® ]» Áøµ•øÓPÒ £Ç[Si©UPÎh® Põn¨£kQÓx. EnÄ ÷uøÁPÐUPõP ©mk÷© ÷Ámøh¯õkQßÓÚº. uõ#ø© »[SPøÍ ÷Ámøh¯õkuÀ PßÖ Â»[SPøÍ ÷Ámøh¯õkuÀ ÷£õßÓÁØøÓ uºzuÚº. u[PÒ öu#Á[PÐUS §ø\°mh ¤ß¦ ÷ÁmøhPøÍ öuõh[QÚõº. CøÓa]PøÍ EshÚº. »[SPÎß CÚ¸zv Põ»[PÒ £Ç[Si ©UPÍõÀ AÔ¯¨£mi¸¢ux. CuÚõÀ CÁºPÍx ÷Ámøh, `Ǽ¯À ©õØÓzøu HØ£kzxÁvÀø». SÇ¢øu ö£ØöÓkzuÀ, ©¸zxÁ® ÷£õßÓÁØÔØS C¯ØøP\õº •øÓø¯ £¯ß£kzxQßÓÚº. CzuøP¯ Áõ̯À •øÓPÒ Põ»® ÷uõÖ® £Ç[SiPÍx uø»•øÓUS Phzu¨£kQÓx. |õÁÀPÎÀ á«ßuõºPÒ ]zu›¨¦ »èª \µÁnS©õº uÚx PõÚPß, £ßÔ ÷Ámøh BQ¯ |õÁÀPÎÀ á«ßPøÍ £ØÔ²® AÁºPÍx Áõ̯À •øÓPÒ £ØÔ²® SÔ¨¤mkÒÍõº. PõkPÒ «uõÚ ¤µª¨¤Úõ¾®, ö\ÀÁ ö\Ȩ¤ØS Põµo¯õÚ PõmkÁÍ[PÒ A£P›¨¤ØPõPÄ® á«ßuõºPÒ PõkPÐUSÒ ~øÇQßÓÚº. £Ç[Si ©UPÒ «x u[PÍx Bm]ø¯ ö\¾zuÄ® õ ö£¸ø©PøÍ ÷ÁmøhPÒ ‰»® {ø» {ÖzuÄ® PõkPøÍ £¯ß£kzxQßÓÚº. u[PÍx £õxPõ¨¤ØPõPÄ® ÷ÁmøhUPõPÄ® E¯µ©õÚ |õ#PøÍ ÁͺUQßÓÚº. u[PÎh•ÒÍ Aµ]¯À ö\ÀÁõUSPÒ ©ØÖ® ö£õ¸Íõuõµ ö\Ȩ¦PøÍ £¯ß£kzv £Ç[Si ©UPøÍ Aiø©¨£kzxQßÓÚº. SøÓ¢u Fv¯zvÀ AvP ÷Áø» ‰»® £Ç[Si ©UPÎß EøǨ¦ _µsh¨£kQÓx. ÁmiUS £n® öPõkzuÀ, u[PÒ Pmk£õmi¾ÒÍ {»[PøÍ SzuøPUS öPõkzuÀ ‰»® £Ç[Si ©UPÎß ö\ÀÁ[PøÍ 155 £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ £UP® öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ _µskQßÓÚº. Aµ_PЮ \mh[PЮ ]» \©¯[PÎÀ E¯ºÁºUPzvß £UP® \õ#ÁuõP |õÁÀ B]›¯º ]zu›UQßÓõº. á«ßuõºPÒ AvP©õÚ ©x £ÇUPzvØS Aiø©¯õQßÓÚº. u[PÍx öP͵ÁzvØPõP »[SPÒ «x ÷ÁmøhPøÍ Áøµ¯øÓ°ßÔ {PÌzxQßÓÚº. CzuøP¯Áß •øÓ°ß öuõhºa] £Ç[Si ©UPÒ «x® Pmh ÂÌUP¨£kQÓx. uÚUS QøhUS® ÁnUPzv¾® £o¾® •u»õÎ ÁºUP® J¸ ÁøP ÷£õøuø¯ PsköPõÒQÓx. GÚ÷Á uÚUPõÚ ©›¯õøuø¯ ©UPÒ öPõkUP ÷Ásk® GÚ |õÁÀPÎÀ ¦øÚ¯¨£mkÒÍ á«ßuõº Puõ£õzvµ[PÒ Gvº£õºUQßÓÚ. CuøÚ »èª \µÁnS©õº uÚx £ßÔ ÷Ámøh |õÁ¼À, “G¨£õ PõmkUS¨ ÷£õÓxßÚõ A¨£i÷¯ ÷£õ°¸UP»õ®, GxUS F¸USÒÍ Áµ ö\õßÛ¯? GÚ ÷PmP..... •v¯Áº J¸Áº SÛ¢x {ßÖ á«ÝUS® AÁº ÁsiUS® S®¤k ÷£õmhõº. CxUS uõshõ C¢u S®¤kUS uõß CßÝ® öµsk ‰q |õøÍUS C¢u u÷¯õ¼P S®¦k ÷£õmÓx £õUP •i¯õxÀ» Auõß ÷£õÓxUS •ßÚõi £õºzxUQh»õ®Ý ö|Úa÷\ß (£ßÔ ÷Ámøh £U19) GßÖ SÔ¨¤mkÒÍõº. á«Ýhß £¯oUS® AµUPzußø© öPõsh ö£õ¸mPÍõP ]zu›UP¨£mkÒÍ x¨£õUQ, \õmøh ©ØÖ® ÷Ámøh |õ#PÒ ÷£õßÓ øÁ£¯zøu HØ£kzv £oøÁ ö£ØÖU öPõkUQÓx. C¯ØøP «uõÚ á«ßuõº _µshÀPÒ u[PøÍ ÷©ÀSi ©UPÍõP P¸x® á«ßuõºPÒ C¯ØøPø¯ AÈzx u[PÒ ÁÍ[PøÍ ö£¸UQU öPõÒQßÓÚº. PõkPøͲ® ©ø»PøͲ® ÂøÍa\¾US HØÓ ÂøÍ{»[PÍõP ©õØÔU öPõshÚº. ]Ø÷ÓõøhPøͲ® FØÖUPøͲ® u[PÒ Pmk¨£õmiØSÒ öPõsk u[PÍx ÷uøÁPøÍ ©mk® §ºzv ö\#QßÓÚº. CuÚõÀ Põmk »[SPÒ AvP©õP £õvUP¨£kQßÓÚ. ©µ[PøÍ öÁmi ÁoP® ö\#QßÓÚ. Asøh ©õÁmh[PÐUS® ©õ{»[PÐUS® HØÖ©v ö\#QßÓÚ. C¯ØøP uÚUS ÷uøÁ¯õÚøu uõ÷Ú u¯õ›¨£÷uõk ußøÚ \õº¢uÁ¸US® EnøÁ E¸ÁõUQU öPõkUQÓx. CuÚõÀ Jmk ö©õzu ÁÚ»[SPЮ £õvUP¨£kQßÓÚ. Smi ¯õøÚPÐUS EnÁÎUP •i¯õu x¯µ® uõ#¯õøÚPÐUS HØ£kQÓx. C÷u AÁ»{ø» ¤Ó »[SPÐUS® HØ£kQÓx. ©ÛuºPÒ |õPŸP Áͺa] GßÓ ö£¯›À Áõ̯À |øh•øÓPøÍ GÎvÀ ©õØÔU öPõÒQßÓÚº. á«ßuõºPÒ £õºøÁ°À PõkPÒ ÷ÁiUøPUPõÚ PÍ[PÍõP Põn¨£kQÓÚ. PõkPÎÀ EÒÍ £õøÓPøÍ Eøhzx ÁoP® ö\#QßÓÚº. ©ø»PøÍ•Pmiß Ai£µ¨¤¼¸¢x öPõg\® öPõg\©õP \©öÁίõUSQßÓÚº. Põmiß AÁ» {ø»ø¯ »èª \µÁnS©õº uÚx PõÚPß |õÁ¼À, Põk C¨ö£õÊx AÁºPÎß (£Ç[- SiPÎß) Põhõ# CÀø». Põmiß AiÁ°Ö Áøµ°¾® Søh¢x ö\À¾® öÁÔ÷¯õk \©öÁÎ £SvPÎÀ C¸¢x ÂÁ\õ°PЮ ö£¸® ö£¸® •u»õÎPЮ £øhö¯kzx Á¸QßÓÚº. C¢u £Sv°À Bshõsk Põ»©õ# Áͺ¢x Qh¢u •v¯ ©µ[PøÍ GÀ»õ® öÁmi ©ø»US A¢u¨ £UP® C¸US® ©ø»¯õÍ |õmiØS Gkzx¨ ÷£õQÓõºPÒ. (PõÚPߣU.25) GßÖ SÔ¨¤mkÒÍõº. £Ç[SiPÒ «uõÚ AhUS•øÓ Âή¦{ø» ©UPÒ Áõ̯À Gߣx ÷£õµõmh[PÒ \õº¢ux. AvPõµ ÁºUP[PÒ Áß•øÓPÒ ©ØÖ® AhUS 156 £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ £UP® öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ •øÓPÒ ‰»® Âή¦ {ø»°¼¸¢x |kzuµzvØS •ß÷ÚÓ •¯Ø]US® \‰PzvÚµx PÚÄPøÍ •hUSQßÓÚº. AvPõµÁºUP[PÎß øPUSÒ £Ç[Si ©UPÎß ÁõÌUøP øPUSmøh¯õ# Ah[Q¨ ÷£õQÓx. áªßuõºPÎß AhUS•øÓUS £ÇQ÷£õQÓx £Ç[Si CÚ®. £Ç[Põ» ©Ûuß C¯ØøPø¯ \õº¢x ÁõÌ¢uõß. Põ»¨ ÷£õUQÀ \©öÁÎ ©ÛuºPÒ HØ£kzv¯ `Ǽ¯À ©õØÓ[PÍõÀ EøÇUP ÷Ási¯ {º£¢uzvØS EÒÍõQÓÚº. CuøÚQ.Âßö\ßmµõäuÚx÷©mkUSiPÒ ¡¼À, ©Ûu S»® ö£¸Q¯ PõµnzuõÀ AÀ»x C¯ØøP°ß ©õÖu»õÀ AÁÝUS ÷£õv¯ EnÄ C¯ØøP°¼¸¢x CÚ©õP QøhUPÂÀø». GÚ÷Á xߣ¨£mk EøÇzx £µõ©›zx ÷\P›zx £õxPõzx Esn ÷Ási¯uõ°ØÖ. (÷©mkUSiPÒ £U.238) GßÖ SÔ¨¤mkÒÍõº. \©öÁÎ £SvPøÍ §ºÂP©õPU öPõsh á«ßuõºPÒ PõmiÀ ©ßÚºPÍõ# ÁõÌ¢uÁºPÎß §ºÃP {»[PøÍ u[PÒ Á\©õUQU öPõshÚº. u[PÒ ÷uõmh[PÐUS £Ç[Si ©UPøÍ T¼z öuõÈ»õÎPÍõUQÚº. {»[PÒ á«ßuõºPÒ øPÁ\©õÚuõÀ ÷Áø» ö\#¯ ÷Ási¯ {º¨£¢u® £Ç[Si©UPÐUS HØ£kQÓx. CuÚõÀ £¸zv ÷uõmh[PÒ, ÷u°ø» ÷uõmh[PÒ ÷£õßÓ £n¨£°º ÷uõmh[PÎÀ £o¯©ºzu¨£mhÚº. á«ßuõºPÒ öPõkUS® Fv¯® £Ç[Si ©UPÎß AßÓõh ÷uøÁPøÍ Th §ºzv ö\#ÁuõP CÀø». •u»õÎ ÁºUP[PÒ öuõÈ»õͺPÐUS SøÓ¢u Fv¯[PÒ öPõk¨£uõÀ AvPÍÂÀ »õ£® DmkQßÓÚº. öuõÈ»õͺPЮ u[PÍx Fv¯zøu uõsi Gøu²® ]¢vUP C¯»õu {ø»US uÒͨ£kQßÓÚº. á«ßuõºPÒ £Ç[Si ©UPøÍ u[PÍx Põ»i°À øÁzxU öPõÒÁuØPõP £õ¼¯À wshÀPøÍ öPõkUQßÓÚº. AÁºPøÍ ©ÚuÍÂÀ uõÌÁøh¯ ö\#QßÓÚº. ÷©¾® AÁºPÍx uø»•iPøÍ öÁmi u[PÍx AvPõµ ö\¯À£õkPøÍ öÁβ»QØS Põmi £¯zøu AvP›UP ö\#QßÓÚº. ö\#¯õu uÁÖPÐUS® ushøÚPÒ ÁÇ[P¨£kQßÓÚ. ushøÚPÒ öPõkø©¯õÚuõPÄ® Pkø©¯õÚuõPÄ® Põn¨£kQßÓÚ. CuøÚ »èª \µÁnS©õº uÚx £ßÔ ÷Ámøh |õÁ¼À ©¯UP® öu΢x GÊ¢u ÷£õx £ÇÛ°ß uø» ö©õmøh AiUP¨£mi¸¢ux. AÁÚx uø»°À P¸®¦ÒÎ ö\®¦ÒÎ Szv PÊøu°ß ÷©À HØÔÚõºPÒ. AÁÚx øPPÒ Pmh¨£mi¸¢uÚ. á«Ûß ÷Áø» BmPÒ PÊøu°ß ÷©À AÁøÚ A©µ øÁzx Føµa _ØÔ Á¢uÚº. (£ßÔ ÷Ámøh£U.105) GßÖ SÔ¨¤mkÒÍõº. á«ß Pmk¨ £õmi¾ÒÍ {»[PÎÀ EÒÍ •¯À, ©õß, £ßÔ, ¯õøÚ, ¦¼ ÷£õßÓ AøÚzx ÁøP¯õÚ E°›Ú[PЮ ÷Ámøh¯õh¨£kÁuØS GßÓ Gsn® á«ß ©ØÖ® AÁºPøÍ \õº¢uÁºPÎh® Põn¨£kQÓx. £Ç[Si ö£sPЮ CÆÁ›ø\°À Ah[SQßÓÚº. u[PÒ öu#Á[PÍõÚ Â»[SPЮ ©µ[PЮ ÷Ámøh¯õh¨£kÁøu £Î¯›Ú ©UPÒ Â¸®£õu ÷£õx® á«ßuõº ÁõUQØS Pmk¨£h ÷Ási¯Pmhõ¯® HØ£kzu¨£kQÓx. £Ç[SiPÎß Áõ̯À ]UPÀPÒ ÂÁ\õ°PÒ {» E›ø© CÇ¢x Aiø©PÍõP Põn¨£kQßÓÚº. CuÚõÀ AÁºPÍx Áõ̯À `ǼÀ ©õØÓ[PÒ HØ£kQßÓÚ. •u»õÎ ÁºUP[PÒ 157 £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ £UP® öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ SøÓ¢u Fv¯[PÒ öPõk¨£uõÀ SÇ¢øuPÒ PÀÂ, ö£õ¸Íõuõµ •ß÷ÚØÓ[PÒ ÷£õßÓøÁ uøh£kQÓÚ. ©UPÍx AÔ¯õø©ø¯²® ö£õ¸Íõuõµ Ai¨£øh ÷uøÁPøͲ® u[PÒ B²u[PÍõPU öPõsk á«¢uõºPÒ £Ç[SiPøÍ u[PÍx Pmk¨£õmiØSÒ øÁzuÚº. CuøÚ áõß öPßÚi AÁºPÒ uÚx ¡¼À, •u»õÎPÒ •ß£n® öPõk¨£uß ÁȯõP, u©x PõmiØ÷P öuõhº¢x ÷Áø»US Áµ J¨£¢u® ö\#x öPõÒQßÓÚº. C®©UPÒ ö£õ¸ÍõuõµzvÀ •ß÷ÚÔ ÂmhõÀ u[PÒ ÷uõmh[PÐUS SøÓ¢u T¼US ÷Áø»US Áµ ©õmhõºPÒ Gߣøu Enº¢x CÁºPøÍ CÆÁõÖ öPõzui©õºPÍõP |hzxQßÓÚº. C¢{ø»°øÚ Enµõu ]» £Ç[Si°Úº, u[PÒ •u»õÎPÐUS EøÇzx, uõ[PÒ KhõPz ÷u#Áøu¨ ö£¸ø©¯õÚuõP P¸xQßÓÚº. (÷Põøh ©ø»¨ £Ç[Si°Úº £U.55) GßÖ SÔ¨¤mkÒÍõº. ÷Ámøh Gߣx £Ç[Si ©UPÎß Azv¯õÁ]¯ ÷uøÁø¯ §ºzv ö\#²® ÁÈ•øÓ¯õS®. CuøÚ á«¢uõºPÒ u[PÒ Á\® öPõshÚº. CuÚõÀ £Ç[Si ©UPÍõÀ ÷Ámøh öuõȼÀ Dk£h C¯»ÂÀø». AÆÁõÖ ÷Ámøh¯õh¨£k® »[SPøͲ® á«ßuõºPÒ øPÁ\® J¨£øhUP ÷Ási¯ {º¨£¢u® HØ£kQÓx. CuÚõÀ EnÄ £ØÓõUSøÓ HØ£kQÓx. ÁÚ»[SPøÍ Áøµ¯øÓ°ßÔ ÷Ámøh¯õkQßÓÚº. CuÚõÀ EnÄ \[Q¼°À ©õØÓ[PÒ HØ£kQßÓÚ. PõkPÒ \©öÁίõUP¨£kÁuõÀ `Ǽ¯¼À ©õØÓ[PÒ HØ£kQßÓÚ. »[SPÍõÀ ©µ¦\õº Áõ̯ø» ©õØÔUöPõÒÍ C¯»õuuõÀ uÚx EUQµzøu ©ÛuºPÒ «x® AÁºPÒ E¸ÁõUQ¯ ö\¯ØøP ÷uõmh[PÒ «x® öÁΨ£kzxQßÓÚ. CvÀ £Ç[Si ©UPЮ £õvUP¨£kQßÓÚº. AvP ÷Põøh öÁ°¼ß EUQµ® AvP©õÚ öÁ¨£® ©ØÖ® ©øÇ°ßø© ÷£õßÓÁØøÓ HØ£kzxQÓx. CøÁ ÂøÍa\ø» £õvUQßÓx. £ßÔ ÷Ámøh |õÁ¼À Põmiß FØÓõP J¸ QnØøÓ »èª \µÁnS©õº E¸ÁQUQÓõº. AÆÂhzøu²® á«ßuõº ©ØÖ® AÁµx Sk®£® BUQµªzxU öPõÒQÓx. }[P GzuøÚ |õÒ C[÷P Ph¢x E¸shõ¾® uso öPõkUP ©õm÷hß. BÚøu £õ¸[Phõ GÚ ö\õÀ¼Âmk á«ß ÃmkUSÒ ö\À» AÁµx BmPÒ «sk® Áõ\ø» ©øÓzx £õxPõ¨¤ØS {ßÓÚº. (£ßÔ ÷Ámøh £U133) CuÚõÀ E°ºPÎß Ai¨£øh¯õÚ usp¸US®ÁÈ CÀ»õu {ø» £Ç[Si ©UPÐUS HØ£kQÓx. u[PÍx ÁõÌÂß A[P[PøÍ, ÁõÈh[PøÍ, £õµ®£›¯[PøÍ ©ØÖ® öu#Á[PøÍ £Ô öPõkzx öPõzui ø©PÍõP ÁõÊ® ußø©PøÍB]›¯µx |õÁÀPÒ EnºzxQßÓÚ. Aµ_ ÁÇ[S® \¾øPPøͲ® AvPõµ ÁºUP[PÒ DºzxU öPõÒQßÓÚº. CuÚõÀ öuõÈ»õͺ ÁºUP® «sk® á«ßPÒ ©ØÖ® AÁºPÍx Sk®£zvÚ›h® øPPmi {ØP ÷Ási¯ `Ì{ø» HØ£kQÓx. uÚUPõÚ SøÓ¢u AÍÄ T¼ø¯ v¸®£ v¸®£ ÷Pmk¨ ö£ØÖU öPõÒЮ {ø» £Ç[Si ©UPÎøh÷¯ Põn¨£kQÓx. £Ç[SiPÎß GvºÂøÚPÒ CzuøP¯ Áõ̯À CßÚÀPøÍz uõsi ¦v¯öuõ¸ ÁõÌUøP •ß÷ÚØÓzøu £Ç[Si ©UPÎß ¦v¯ uø»•øÓ Â¸®¦QÓx. AvPõµ ÁºUP® u[PÎhª¸¢x Âk£h •Ø£k® £Ç[Si ©UPÍx ]¢uøÚø¯ ÷Á÷µõk AÈzx ÂkQÓx.AhUS•øÓø¯z uõsi öÁÎ E»Pzøu ÷|õUQ £¯oUP ¸®¦£ÁºPøͲ® AvPõµ ÁºUP® AÝ©v¨£vÀø». CuØS 158 £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ £UP® öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ uõ[P÷Í u[PÒ |øPPøÍ ©øÓzx øÁzx v¸mk £mh® PmkuÀ ÷£õßÓ `Ìa] Áø»PøÍ á«ßuõºPÒ E¸ÁõUSQßÓÚº. u[PÒ öu#Á[PøͲ® ö\õ¢u[PøͲ® Âmk G¢uöÁõ¸ uÛ©ÛuÝ® ¤›¢x ö\À» ¸®¦ÁvÀø». BÚõÀ E°›ß }m]UPõP G¢u J¸ E°¸® •¯Ø]UPõ©À CÀø». Cx÷Á C¯ØøP°ß Âv. CÆÂvø¯ C¯ØøP £Ç[Si ©UPÐUS® ÂvUQÓx. ÷Põøh öÁ°¼ß uõUP® Føµ £g\zxUSÒÍõUSQÓx. Si}øµ ußÁ\® ©øÓzx øÁzv¸US® á«ÝUS GvµõP ÷£õµõmhzvÀ Dk£h ö\#QÓx. u[PÍx •uÀ Gvº¨ø£ ÷£õµõmhzvß ‰»® £Ç[Si ©UPÒ öÁΨ£kzxQßÓÚº. AvPõµ ÁºUPzøu Gvºzx ÷PÒÂPøÍ Gʨ¦QßÓÚº. á«ß EvºUS® ÁõUQ¯[PÒ öu#Á ÁõUPõP ¤ß£ØÓ¨£h ÷Ásk®GßÓ Gsnzøu Eøhzx GÔQßÓÚº. £Ç[Si ©UPøÍ £PøhPÍõP £¯ß£kzv¯ á«ßuõºPøÍ vmhªmk Føµ Âmk xµzxQßÓÚº. AvPõµ \UvPøÍ AÈUS® AÍÄUS Á¼ø© ö£ÖQßÓÚº. ¦v¯öuõ¸ _u¢vµ £¯nzøu öuõh[SQßÓÚº. CzuøP¯ £¯n® ö£õ¸Íõuõµ GÊa]ø¯²® Á¸[Põ» \¢uv°ß PÀ {ø»ø¯²® E¯ºzx® Gߣøu»èª \µÁnS©õº uÚx £ßÔ ÷Ámøh |õÁ¼À, }sh Põ»® ÁøuzxU öPõsi¸¢u xºUPÚ¼¸¢x Âk£mk ©QÌa]Pµ©õÚ ¦v¯ PÚÂØSÒ ~øÇ¢x Âmhøu ÷£õÀ £µÁ\z÷uõk AÁºPÒ PõmiÀ C¸¢x Føµ ÷|õUQ v¸®¤ÚõºPÒ •uÀ •øÓ¯õP Âkuø» EnºÂß ©QÌa]ø¯ Enº¢uÁºPÐUS GÁ¸US® SÛ¯õu Eh÷»õk® Ai£o¯õu ©Ú÷uõk® E»øP £õº¨£x £µÁ\©õ°¸¢ux. (£ßÔ ÷Ámøh £U.167) GßÖ SÔ¨¤mkÒÍõº. •iÄøµ CßøÓ¯ Põ»PmhzvÀ C¯¢vµ[PÒ ]» Ch[PÎÀ C¯UP AvºÄPøÍ HØ£kzvÚõ¾® C¯¢vµzvØS ö£õzuõß AÊzv E°º öPõkUP ©Ûu \Uv ÷uøÁ¨£kQÓx. AhUS•øÓPÒ CßÓÍÄ® £» öPõzuiø©PÐUS {PÌzu¨£kQÓx. _µsk® AvPõµ ÁºUP[PÒ öuõÈ»õ롧 EøǨø£ ©mk©À»õx AÁºPÍx {»[PÒ, ö£sPÒ, Aµ]ß \¾øPPÒ GÚ ÁõÌUøP •ß÷ÚØÓzvØS ÷uøÁ¯õÚ Ai¨£øhPÒ AøÚzøu²® _µskQßÓÚº. AuØPõÚwºÄ Gߣx Ai¨£øh Áõ̯¾UPõÚ ÷£õµõmh[PÒ ©mk÷©. ö£õ¸Íõuõµ BvUP® ªU÷Põº ö£¸®£õ¾® EøǨ£vÀø». ÁõÌÂÀ SÔU÷PõÒPЮ GxĪÀø». _øÁ¯õÚ EnÄPÐUS® ©xUPÐUS® Aiø©¯õQÁõÌQßÓÚº. £Ç[Si ©UPÒ á«ßuõºPÐUS ©mk©À»õx AÁºPÍx EÓÂÚºPÐUS® |s£ºPÐUS® £oÂøh ö\#¯ ÷Ási¯x £o¯õmPÎß Phø©¯õP £oUP¨£kQÓx. CzuøP¯ AhUS •øÓPøÍ Gvºzx öÁØÔ PshõÀ ©mk÷© öuõÈ»õͺ ÁºUP[PÒ •ß÷ÚØÓzøu ÷|õUQ £¯oUP C¯¾®. xøn¡Ø£mi¯À 1. Cµõ\©õoUPÚõº ©õ. uªÇP Áµ»õÖ® uªÇº £s£õk®. uªÌ Áͺa]z xøÓ. ö\ßøÚ & 600008 2. £UuÁz\» £õµv, uªÇP¨ £Ç[- SiPÒ. Aøh¯õÍ® ¤µì, 1205/1, P¸¨§º \õø», ¦zuõ|zu® & 621 310. 3. £UuÁz\» £õµv, ©õÛh¯À ÷Põm£õkPÒ. Aøh¯õÍ® ¤µì, 1205/1, P¸¨§º \õø», ¦zuõ|zu® & 621 310. 4. »èª \µÁnS©õº, ÷Ámøh. ã÷µõ iQ› £¨Î÷Påß 55(7), Bº.¤ÍõU,