THE SYSTEM OF FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS IN LITERARY TEXTS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSIVENESS

International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 10. Issue 11 October 2025 1 THE SYSTEM OF FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS IN LITERARY TEXTS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSIVENESS Tursunov Jaxongir Panjikhonovich Termez State Pedagogical Institute Mathematics and mother tongue teacher in primary education Abstract: This article examines the system of figurative expressions used in literary texts and their role as a means of expressiveness in artistic speech. Figurative expressions are one of the main elements of the art of speech, which allow for a deeper expression of ideas and images in a work, the creation of vivid scenes in the reader's imagination, and the artistic expression of the author's inner experiences. The article analyzes the types of expressive means such as epithet, metaphor, simile, exaggeration, and animation, their functional significance, and the mechanisms of emotional impact on the reader. Also, the features of the use of figurative expressions in classical and modern examples of Uzbek literature are analyzed, and their aesthetic and spiritual impact is substantiated. Keywords: figurative expressions, artistic speech, literary text, epithet, metaphor, simile, exaggeration, animation, artistic image, aesthetic effect, means of expression, spiritual content. Literature is a mirror of the human soul, thinking and feelings. Each work of art embodies the author's worldview, aesthetic taste and views on life. Therefore, for a deep understanding of literary texts, it is important to analyze not only the content, but also their means of artistic expression. The expressiveness, imagery and aesthetic value of a work of art largely depend on the system of figurative expressions used in it. Figurative expressions are one of the most important means of verbal art, through which a writer or poet expresses his thoughts, experiences and imagination in a more vivid, vital and aesthetic form. With the help of expressions such as epithet, metaphor, simile, exaggeration, animation, the writer transforms the ordinary meaning of the word into an artistic meaning, thereby the work evokes a strong emotional impact on the reader. In the process of modern literary analysis, the system of figurative expressions is studied not only as an element of language, but also as a means of artistic thought and aesthetic perception, because each of them performs the function of revealing the inner meaning of the text, enriching the system of images, and introducing the reader to aesthetic pleasure. From the classic examples of Uzbek literature - the works of Alisher Navoi, Babur, Ogahiy - to the work of modern writers, figurative expressions have been the basis of artistry in the literary language. Their International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 10. Issue 11 October 2025 2 uniqueness lies in the fact that each writer used these tools in accordance with his creative style, the spirit of the era, and his purpose. In this regard, studying the system of figurative expressions serves as an important source not only for artistic analysis, but also for understanding the aesthetic essence of literary speech. In literary texts, figurative expressions constitute the most important layer of artistry. Each writer or poet, describing life events, the human psyche, and natural landscapes in his work, revives them not only with words, but also through the artistic power of words. In this regard, figurative expressions give life to the text, take the reader to that state, to that spiritual environment. Figurative expressions are a form of acquiring additional, figurative, emotional or imaginative meaning in addition to the direct meaning of words. They serve as a means of increasing aesthetic impact, imagery, and expressive power in artistic speech. Each type of expression performs its own artistic function, therefore each of them deserves separate study. Below we will dwell on the main types in the system of figurative expressions. 1. Epithet - a means of artistic description. Epithet (definition) is used in artistic language to clarify the image, increase the emotional power of the word. Unlike a simple definition, an epithet expresses the subjective assessment and feelings of the author. For example, through such combinations as “white road”, “golden autumn”, “loving mother”, “evil wind”, the writer creates a figurative image in the reader’s mind. Epithets expand the reader’s imagination in the work, arouse aesthetic pleasure and increase the expressiveness of expression. Epithets are widely used in Uzbek literature, in particular in the works of such creators as Alisher Navoiy, Zulfiyakhanim, Abdulla Oripov, through which the subtle feelings of the human soul find a beautiful artistic form. 2. Metaphor is a hidden analogy. Metaphor is the most complex, but also the most effective type of figurative expression. It is based on the representation of one thing or phenomenon through another. Metaphor is carried out without direct words of analogy, that is, such means as “as if”, “like” are not used. For example, in such combinations as “the path of life”, “the sea of eyes”, “the sun of the soul”, “the thread of fate”, words move from their meaning and create a new artistic meaning. Metaphor makes the reader think, uses his imagination and reveals the inner philosophical layer of the work. It is through metaphor that the writer expresses his attitude to life phenomena in a symbolic form. 3. Simile is a living form of verbal art. Simile (comparison) is one of the most ancient types of figurative expression, in which one thing or phenomenon is likened to another. Similes are expressed through words such as “like”, “like”, “as if”. For example, in verses such as “His eyes shine like a star”, “He ran like lightning”, the image becomes brighter through similes. Similes give the work an emotional tone, forcing the reader to International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 10. Issue 11 October 2025 3 embody that situation in front of his eyes. Similes play an important artistic function, especially in folk oral literature - proverbs, epics, folk songs. 4. Hyperbole is an intensifier of artistic expression. Through hyperbole (exaggeration), the writer deliberately magnifies or intensifies an event. This technique enhances the emotional impact of the work, allowing the reader to deeply feel the intensity of the event or feeling. For example, expressions such as “His voice shook the mountains”, “My tears became a river” are created using hyperbole. Hyperbole affects the reader directly emotionally, increases the drama of the image and more strongly expresses the literary image. 5. Animating - giving a thing a human soul. Through animating (personification), the writer describes inanimate objects, natural phenomena, and concepts in life with human qualities. For example, in verses such as “The wind howled,” “Spring smiled,” and “The sun woke up,” the method of animating is used. This method gives the work sincerity and emotional depth, creates a spiritual connection between the reader and the text. Especially in children's literature and in the lyric genre, animating brings the reader closer to the artistic image. The general artistic significance of figurative expressions. All figurative expressions together form the artistic system of the work. In harmony with each other, they enrich the content of the work and serve to figuratively express the author's thought. Figurative expressions are not only an aesthetic tool, but also the spiritual and substantive basis of the literary text. Through them, the writer makes the reader think, feel, and teach them to look at life with an aesthetic eye. In modern Uzbek literature, the language of figurative expressions is the mainstay of artistic speech. In the works of today's writers - such as Erkin A'zam, Khurshid Davron, Halima Khudoyberdiyeva, figurative expressions further enhance the power of words and give the text an inner charm. The study of figurative expressions is an urgent issue not only for literary studies, but also for linguistics, cultural studies, and pedagogy. Because through these means, the reader understands the subtle layers of word art, develops artistic thinking and aesthetic taste. The artistic power of a literary text is manifested, first of all, through the system of figurative expressions used in it. Expressive means such as epithet, metaphor, simile, exaggeration, and animation reveal the writer's or poet's mastery of words, depth of thought, and strength of emotion. They give the text soul, spirit, emotions and find a direct path to the reader's heart. With the help of figurative expressions, the writer embodies life events in his work not as an ordinary event, but as an artistic phenomenon. Therefore, each image, word or phrase has its own multi-layered meaning. This allows the reader not only to read the event, but also to feel it, to understand International Law, Business and Political Science Journal ISSN-L 3235-9799 E-ISSN 3235-9799 IF(Impact Factor) 13.24 https://journallaw.totalh.net/ Volume: 10. Issue 11 October 2025 4 its aesthetic essence. Also, figurative expressions are the main means of increasing the level of expressiveness of the work. They amaze, excite, and sometimes fill the reader with deep thought. Each artistic expression brings beauty to the external form of the word, and depth of meaning to its internal content. Through this, artistic speech has a strong aesthetic impact on the human psyche. The rich traditions of Uzbek literature indicate that figurative expressions are important not only as an artistic tool, but also as an expression of national culture and thought. Each era, each writer, used these tools in their own way in their works, reflecting the spiritual world, values, and aesthetic views of the people. Today, the study of figurative expressions in the process of literary education is of incomparable importance in developing artistic thinking, aesthetic perception, and vocabulary in students. Through them, young people not only understand the work, but also feel its spirit, and realize the beauty of the art of speech. In short, figurative expressions are the heart of the literary text, the factor that determines the power of the artistic word, and the bridge of the spiritual connection between the reader and the writer. Without them, literature would be dull, and the word would be meaningless. Therefore, an in-depth study of figurative expressions, an analysis of their aesthetic and spiritual essence remains one of the most important areas of literary criticism. REFERENCES 1. Karimov I. A. (2008). Yuksak ma’naviyat – yengilmas kuch. Toshkent: Ma’naviyat. 2. Navoiy A. (2011). Xamsa. Toshkent: G‘afur G‘ulom nomidagi Adabiyot va san’at nashriyoti. 3. Oripov A. (2016). 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