D2.2.5 Port Readiness Tool for CO₂ (PRT-CO₂)

The EverLoNG project is funded through the ACT programme (Accelerating CCS Technologies, Horizon2020 Project No 691712). Financial contributions have been made by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy, the Netherlands; The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, Germany; the Research Council of Norway; the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, UK; and the U.S. Department of Energy. All funders are gratefully acknowledged. Port Readiness Tool for CO2 (PRT-CO2) Port Readiness Level Assessment Tool for OCC Offloading and CO₂ Transport by Ship e Author: Dr Erika Palfi, Richard L Stevenson, Dr Philippa J M Parmiter Release Status: FINAL Dissemination level: Public Date: 09 May 2025 Filename and version: D2.2.5_Port_Readiness_Tool_PRTCO2_v1.5_FINAL_PUBLIC @everlong www.everlongccus.eu Deliverable ID: D2.2.5 @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 1 Document History This document is stored in the following location: Filename D2.2.5_Port_Readiness_Tool_PRT-CO2_v1.5_FINAL_PUBLIC Location EverLoNG SharePoint / WP2 Revision History This document has been through the following revisions: Version No. Revision Date Filename Brief Summary of Changes V1.4 03/04/25 D2.2.5_Port_Readiness_T ool_PRT-CO2_v1.4 Implemented changes following ML and RS feedback, including list of abbreviations V1.3 09/05/25 D2.2.5_Port_Readiness_T ool_PRT-CO2_v1.3 Incorporated IAPH feedback Authorisation This document requires the following approvals: AUTHORISATION Name Signature Date WP Leader Ragnhild Skagestad 09/05/25 Project Coordinator Marco Linders 09/05/25 @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 2 © EverLoNG Project, 2025 No third-party textual or artistic material is included in the publication without the copyright holder’s prior consent to further dissemination by other third parties. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Disclaimer The information and views set out in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Funders. Neither the Funders and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 3 Executive summary The maritime sector faces increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in alignment with international climate goals, such as those outlined in the Paris Agreement. Currently, shipping contributes approximately 3% of global anthropogenic CO₂ emissions; and this figure is expected to rise without effective intervention. Consequently, the sector has pledged to reach net zero emissions by 2050. Among the measures being developed to address this challenge is Onboard Carbon Capture (OCC), a technological solution that captures CO₂ emissions directly from a ship’s exhaust system during operation. This allows existing vessels to reduce their carbon footprint without requiring a shift to nascent zero-emission fuels. Additionally, CO₂ transport by ship is emerging as a critical enabler for deploying carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) networks, facilitating emission reductions in other industries. Ports, and wider port communities, will be key to both endeavours in terms of providing and facilitating dedicated and specialised infrastructure, systems and processes to offload and handle this CO2. The EverLoNG project aims to encourage the uptake of OCC by demonstrating its application onboard LNG-fuelled ships and moving it closer to market readiness. The project focuses on technological optimisation, explores integration into existing ship and port infrastructure, supports the development of full-chain CCUS networks, conducts Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and TechnoEconomic Analysis (TEA), and contributes to the development of regulatory frameworks for the safe and effective use of OCC technology in the shipping sector. This Port Readiness Tool for OCC and CO₂ Transport (PRT-CO2) builds on the established Port Readiness Level for Marine Fuels assessment tool (PRL-MF) developed by the World Port Climate Action Program (WPCAP) in conjunction with the International Association of Ports and Harbors’ (IAPH) PRL working group. By mapping CO2 handling requirements onto the existing structure of this recognised industry standard, the PRT-CO2 aims to provide a familiar and practical framework for assessing port preparedness. This approach is designed to ensure that ports are equipped to address the distinct challenges posed by OCC and CO₂ transport by ship while aligning with industry expectations. The tool specifically assists port authorities and stakeholders: • Evaluate readiness for OCC offloading and CO₂ transport by ship; • Identify infrastructure and capability gaps; • Align with safety and regulatory standards; • Facilitate integration into broader CCUS networks; • Support collaboration across port communities, operators, and policymakers. The PRT-CO2 is a presentation of the results of a research exercise that seeks to make a contribution to furthering progress in the area of CO2 handling at ports. It does not claim to be comprehensive or exhaustive, but is rather intended as more of a ‘live’ starting point for ports and other key industry stakeholders to review and consider from their perspective, and to generally use as a resource to @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 4 take forward for further development and sectoral use. Indeed, IAPH is currently considering how it might be integrated into its own workstreams and activities. The authors and the EverLoNG project would like to extend their heartfelt thanks to the WPCAP and IAPH partners for agreeing to the use of the PRL-MF in this way. It should also be noted that the agreement of WPCAP and IAPH does not in any way represent their endorsement or approval of the PRT-CO2, its contents or OCC in general. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 5 Table of Contents List of abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 6 1 The Port Readiness Tool for OCC Offloading and CO₂ Transport by Ship (PRT-CO2) ............... 7 1.1 PRT-CO2 Overview.................................................................................................... 8 1.1.1 What is the PRT-CO₂? ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.2 How was the PRT-CO2 developed? .................................................................................................. 8 1.1.3 Who can use the PRT-CO2? .............................................................................................................. 9 2 PRT-CO₂ Structure and Checklist ......................................................................................... 10 2.1 How does the PRT-CO₂ work? ................................................................................. 11 2.2 Port Readiness Levels (PRL-CO₂) ............................................................................. 11 3 Port Readiness Level Assessment Checklist (PRL-CO₂) for Ports ........................................... 13 3.1 PRL-CO₂ for OCC Offloading .................................................................................... 13 3.2 PRL-CO₂ for CO₂ Transport by Ship .......................................................................... 47 4 Acknowledgements............................................................................................................ 84 @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 6 List of abbreviations AI Artificial Intelligence CAPEX Capital expense CCS Carbon Capture and Storage CCU Carbon Capture and Utilisation CCUS Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics CMF International Association of Ports and Harbors’ Clean Marine Fuels group CO2 Carbon dioxide CSIIG CO2 Shipping Interoperability and Industry Group FID Final Investment Decision FSU Floating Storage Unit GHG Greenhouse gas HAZID Hazard Identification study HAZOP Hazard and Operability study IAPH International Association of Ports and Harbors IMDG International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code IMO International Maritime Organization IT Information Technology JPCO2SO Joint plan of CO2 shipping operations JPOCCOO Joint plan of OCC offloading operations LCA Life Cycle Assessment LNG Liquefied Natural Gas MARPOL The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships OCC Onboard Carbon Capture OPEX Operating expense PDCA Plan, do, check, act framework PRL-CO2 Port Readiness Level for CO2 PRL-MF Port Readiness Level for Marine Fuels PRT-CO2 Port Readiness Tool for CO2 QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment SIMOPS Simultaneous Operations STS Ship-to-ship STT Ship-to-truck TEA Techno-Economic Analysis VTM Vessel Traffic Management VTMS Vessel Traffic Management System VTS Vessel Traffic Services WP Work Package WPCAP World Ports Climate Action Program @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 7 1 The Port Readiness Tool for OCC Offloading and CO₂ Transport by Ship (PRT-CO2) The maritime sector faces increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in alignment with international climate goals, such as those outlined in the Paris Agreement. Currently, shipping contributes approximately 3% of global anthropogenic CO₂ emissions; a figure expected to rise without effective intervention. Consequently, the sector has pledged to reach net zero emissions by 2050 1 . Among the measures being developed to address this challenge is Onboard Carbon Capture (OCC), a technological solution that captures CO₂ emissions directly from a ship’s exhaust system during operation. This allows existing vessels to reduce their carbon footprint without requiring a shift to nascent zero-emission fuels. Additionally, CO₂ transport by ship is emerging as a critical enabler for deploying carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) networks, facilitating emission reductions in other industries. Ports, and wider port communities, will be key to both endeavours in terms of providing and facilitating dedicated and specialised infrastructure, systems and processes to offload and handle this CO2. In contrast, transporting captured CO₂ by ship does not contribute to reducing emissions from the shipping sector itself per se. Instead, it plays a vital role in enabling wider CCUS networks by providing a flexible and scalable method for transporting CO₂ from industrial emitters to storage sites or utilisation facilities. Ports equipped for CO₂ transport by ship are integral to this process, forming essential nodes within the infrastructure required to decarbonise other sectors. The EverLoNG project aims to encourage the uptake of OCC by demonstrating its application onboard LNG-fuelled ships and moving it closer to market readiness. The project focuses on technological optimisation, explores integration into existing ship and port infrastructure, supports the development of full-chain CCUS networks, conducts Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and TechnoEconomic Analysis (TEA), and contributes to the development of regulatory frameworks for the safe and effective use of OCC technology in the shipping sector. This Port Readiness Tool for OCC and CO₂ Transport (PRT-CO2) was developed as part of the broader port readiness exercise conducted under Work Package (WP) 2 Task 2.2 CO2 shipping interoperability and port readiness. The PRT-CO2 builds on the established Port Readiness Level for Marine Fuels assessment tool (PRL-MF) developed by the World Port Climate Action Program (WPCAP) in conjunction with the International Association of Ports and Harbors’ (IAPH) PRL working group 2 . By mapping CO2 handling requirements onto the existing structure of this recognised industry standard, the PRT-CO2 aims to provide a familiar and practical framework for assessing port preparedness. This approach is designed to ensure that ports are equipped to address the distinct challenges posed by OCC and CO₂ transport by ship while aligning with industry expectations. At the time of writing, the PRT-CO2 was yet to be comprehensively reviewed and assessed by ports. 1 International Maritime Organization (IMO) (2023). Revised GHG reduction strategy for global shipping adopted. Available at: https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/Revised-GHG-reductionstrategy-for-global-shipping-adopted-.aspx 2 World Ports Sustainability Program (WPSP) (2024). Port Readiness Level for Marine Fuels self-assessment tool. Available at: https://sustainableworldports.org/wpcap/wg-4/ @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 8 The primary objectives of this tool include: • Evaluating a port’s readiness to support OCC offloading and CO₂ transport by ship operations. • Identifying gaps in infrastructure, such as offloading systems, CO₂ storage capacity, and scalability. • Supporting adherence to safety and regulatory standards specific to CO₂ handling. • Facilitating integration into regional and international CCUS networks. • Providing flexibility to accommodate the diverse requirements of OCC and CO₂ transport by ship operations. By addressing these factors, this tool aims to support ports in both decarbonising the shipping sector through OCC and enabling emission reductions across other industries by participating in the growing CO₂ transport by ship market. 1.1 PRT-CO2 Overview 1.1.1 What is the PRT-CO₂? The PRT-CO₂ is a dual-path framework designed to support ports and their communities in evaluating their readiness for two distinct yet complementary operations: 1. Onboard Carbon Capture (OCC) offloading, which directly addresses emissions reduction from ships by enabling the offloading and handling of captured CO₂. 2. CO₂ transport by ship, which facilitates the development of carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) networks by providing a flexible and scalable method for transporting CO₂ from industrial emitters to geological storage sites or utilisation facilities. The PRT-CO₂ is not designed as a one-size-fits-all solution. Instead, it allows ports to select their area of focus - either OCC offloading, CO₂ transport by ship, or both - and to tailor the assessment to their specific needs. This dual-path structure enables ports to focus resources on the operational stream that aligns with their strategic priorities, evaluate infrastructure and planning gaps specific to OCC or CO₂ transport, and support collaborative efforts with stakeholders, regulators, and CCUS networks. 1.1.2 How was the PRT-CO2 developed? The structure of the PRT-CO2 is based on the widely recognised Port Readiness Level for Marine Fuels (PRL-MF) framework developed by the World Port Climate Action Program (WPCAP) in conjunction with the International Association of Ports and Harbors’ (IAPH) PRL working group. While focused on marine fuels, the overarching PRL-MF framework is also well suited to the application of CO2 handling at ports. Content for the PRT-CO2 was gleaned from a combination of an extensive literature survey of publicly available material, targeted stakeholder engagement, including via the EverLoNG CO2 Shipping Interoperability and Industry Group (CSIIG) online workshops, and work undertaken as part of other EverLoNG work packages. In order to show exactly how CO2 has been ‘mapped’ onto the existing PRL-MF framework, the original PRL-MF text is retained here as standard blue font with CO2 additions shown in green font – see Figure 1. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 15 Level 1 objective achieved: Sufficient background information is gathered to be able to form the foundation of research and decisions moving forward: □ Information is gathered about OCC options and energy transition within shipping. □ OCC technology is assessed to identify aspects that might be safety-related showstoppers. □ The basic potential to become an OCC offloading port with infrastructure is assessed. □ The basic commercial potential to become an OCC offloading port is assessed. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains within level 2 are being prepared. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 16 Level 2: Stakeholder interest and feasibility assessment for OCC Level 2 Objective: to assess the eagerness of stakeholders to pursue added capabilities for OCC operations at the port and gather information on the physical and market feasibility of these operations. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains in level 1 have been evaluated and lessons learned are implemented. - Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Assess the opinions and support of relevant port and industry stakeholders for shipping decarbonisation and OCC. □ Provide stakeholders with the background information gathered in Level 1 and assess their interest in investing in OCC. □ Assess stakeholders' perceived feasibility for entering the OCC market. □ Implement strategies for assessing public opinion on adding OCC capabilities at the port. Optional task and considerations: □ Include green corridor stakeholders in discussions and assessments for OCC. □ Explore how OCC implementation aligns with international and national decarbonisation goals. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Assess the budget and resources available for establishing a port-specific safety framework for OCC. □ Acquaint relevant safety and environmental authorities with market trends in OCC and make them aware of its potential growth. □ Create a network to involve all authorities and key players in the development of a safety framework. Optional task and considerations: □ Evaluate potential partnerships with emergency services to enhance OCC safety preparedness. □ Research safety protocols from other cryogenic industries to inform OCC practices. - Domain: Infrastructure @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 17 Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Assess the physical feasibility of facilitating vessels using OCC systems in the port. □ Identify infrastructure needs for OCC offloading, solvent storage, solvent regeneration facilities and temporary storage of captured CO₂. □ Assess currently available port infrastructure, mainly focusing on its capacity to handle CO₂ and solvent-related operations. □ Evaluate the availability and status of CO₂ and solvents as commodities within the port, considering existing supply chains and storage facilities. □ Evaluate the physical feasibility of creating designated areas for OCC operations and/or for establishing enough distance between the bunkering of the captured/ temporary stored CO₂ and solvent storage and regeneration to vulnerable areas. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Investigate synergies between OCC infrastructure and other port decarbonisation initiatives. □ Assess spatial requirements for solvent handling and CO₂ storage. - Domain: Market, supply/demand Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Assess stakeholders' perceived feasibility for entering the OCC market. □ Acquaint relevant port stakeholders with the OCC value chain from well to wake and its commercial potential. □ Conduct initial financial modelling to understand costs and revenue opportunities for OCC infrastructure. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Create a coalition of stakeholders to establish the OCC value chain. □ Ensure stakeholders in the OCC market are equipped to stay informed on the future OCC market conditions and will have the information necessary to balance demand and supply. □ Identify potential commercial partnerships related to vessels equipped with OCC systems, such as shipping companies, technology providers, and regional CCUS stakeholders. □ Identify potential incentives (e.g., reduced fees, priority berthing, or financial support for pilot projects) to attract OCC-equipped vessels. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 18 Level 2 objective achieved: The interest of stakeholders in pursuing OCC offloading and CO₂ storage has been assessed. There is sufficient insight into the feasibility of adding OCC offloading capabilities at the port. □ The port has sufficient insight into the OCC value chain stakeholder strategies for OCC operation. □ The port has sufficient insight, budget and resources to develop a safety framework for OCC operation/ offloading. □ The port has sufficient insight into the present infrastructure and the gaps for future needed infrastructure to know if it can facilitate OCC offloading. □ The port is acquainted with the opportunities for the port's stakeholders to enter the new market. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains within level 3 are being prepared. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 19 Level 3: Detailed research, analysis, and conclusions on OCC readiness Level 3 Objective: Gather detailed information on all pertinent aspects of OCC offloading and CO₂ and solvent storage so that an informed decision on moving forward with OCC offloading operations can be made. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains in level 2 have been evaluated, and lessons learned are implemented. - Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Develop an initial policy framework for OCC integration into port operations. □ Establish governance structures and assign responsibilities for regulatory compliance. □ Define legal and administrative requirements for OCC offloading operations. □ Initiate discussions with policymakers to develop clear regulatory pathways for OCC adoption. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Consult research reports and scientific papers to supplement information gathered. □ Recruit relevant port stakeholders to participate in research programs, consortiums, and partnerships to supplement information and gather knowledge. □ Collaborate with policymakers to refine OCC regulations at national and international levels. □ Explore potential incentives to encourage shipping companies to adopt OCC solutions. □ Assess legal precedents from early adopters of OCC technologies. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Develop port-specific safety guidelines for handling CO₂ offloaded from OCC systems. Conduct risk assessments focusing on cryogenic handling and solvent storage and establish emergency response protocols in collaboration with relevant authorities. The necessary aspects should be based on information previously gathered, including relevant safety standards, regulations, and industry best practices. □ Develop and distribute OCC safety manuals tailored for port staff and stakeholders. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Design safety drills and training programmes for port personnel and emergency responders. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 20 □ Assess best practices from other industrial applications of cryogenic CO₂ handling. □ Investigate third-party safety certification requirements for OCC operations. - Domain: Infrastructure Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Research the exact infrastructure demand and the scale required for OCC offloading and CO₂ storage at the commercial level. □ Identify necessary modifications to existing port infrastructure to accommodate OCC operations. □ Engage with technology providers to define technical specifications for OCC offloading facilities. □ Assess long-term storage requirements for CO₂ offloaded from OCC. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Explore flexible infrastructure solutions that allow integration with future decarbonisation technologies. □ Consider temporary or modular storage solutions for initial pilot projects. □ Investigate potential partnerships to co-develop OCC offloading infrastructure. - Domain: Market, supply/demand Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Research detailed costs, including capital expenses (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX) for OCC offloading. □ Establish business models and cost structures for OCC offloading services. □ Identify potential customers and investors for OCC operations. □ Develop financial frameworks for revenue generation and cost recovery. □ Assess demand projections for OCC offloading services in the region. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Investigate co-financing models involving industry and public sector stakeholders. □ Explore potential synergies with carbon credit markets. □ Provide an update to relevant green corridor projects or proposals on the research conclusions and decision to move forward. □ Develop strategies to integrate OCC into green shipping initiatives. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 21 Level 3 objective achieved: Based on sufficient information about all aspects needed, the port decided whether the port can support OCC offloading and CO₂ and solvent storage or will halt progress on OCC operations. □ The port has sufficient information to develop a policy and roadmap for OCC offloading operations. □ All safety requirements and infrastructure demands can be met by the port to supply OCC offloading options. □ The port has sufficient information on the necessary infrastructure and space for OCC offloading. □ Research showed that the market availability of the target fuel meets the port’s demands and that costs will not be prohibitive in moving forward. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains within level 4 are being prepared. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 22 Level 4: Roadmap to proceed, framework and timeline developed Level 4 Objective: Announce proceeding with a plan or roadmap to facilitate the offloading of CO₂ from vessels equipped with OCC systems and develop a detailed framework and timeline to serve as the guiding document for integrating OCC into port operations. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains in level 3 have been evaluated, and lessons learned are implemented. - Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Draft a publicly available position or policy paper explaining the port's decision to proceed or halt with OCC offloading services. □ Create a firm PRL-CO₂ schedule, including present standing and future ambitions for OCC offloading services within the port and communicate it publicly. □ Begin drafting the foundational framework that will serve as the guiding document for proceeding with OCC offloading. The framework should include protocols for vessels and/or any of the following offloading scenarios deemed relevant at the port: ship-to-shore transfer, ship-to-ship transfer, containerised CO₂ offloading, or integration with existing port infrastructure for CO₂ handling. □ Implement the policy framework developed in Level 3 to ensure OCC integration into port operations. □ Establish regulatory reporting mechanisms for OCC offloading activities. □ Conduct legal and administrative approvals for OCC offloading trials. □ Engage stakeholders in finalising operational guidelines for pilot OCC offloading. □ Develop a collaborative working group to oversee the pilot implementation phase. □ Establish cross-border collaboration frameworks for regulatory consistency in OCC offloading if operations span multiple jurisdictions. □ Draft a thorough engagement and communication plan for stakeholders, regulatory authorities, the press, and the public. This may include: o A strategy to manage the expectations of stakeholders. o A plan to disseminate transparent information, including pros and cons, to the public. o A frequently asked questions (FAQs) list to help inform relevant parties. o A streamlined and easily accessible feedback submission tool for parties to submit comments and feedback. o A robust system of communication amongst key players, including stakeholders in the offloading value chain, port authorities, regulatory authorities, etc. o Relevant communication and publication tools such as a website, flyers, or one-pagers. Optional tasks and considerations: @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 23 □ Include the following in the foundational framework: o A detailed strategy for monitoring the environmental impact of OCC implementation, including GHG emissions and air quality in the port. This may include tracking the volume of CO₂ captured and offloaded, as well as comparing net emissions reductions against conventional ship exhaust emissions. o A strategy to set up green corridors and other coalitions that include the whole port value chain. □ Establish regular stakeholder meetings to monitor progress and address regulatory gaps. □ Explore public-private partnerships for OCC pilot funding. □ Define public engagement benchmarks to ensure that stakeholder involvement continues throughout implementation rather than being limited to early phases. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Draft an in-depth safety and regulatory framework produced in concert with all relevant regulatory and safety authorities. This may include: o A plan to conduct HAZID and HAZOP studies to inform risk mitigation measures and safety procedures. o A review of all safety aspects and requirements researched in PRL-CO₂ 1 through 3 with associated implementation plans for the necessary elements. o Incident response management that includes clear delegation of responsibilities, scenarios and training of incident responders and port health organisations, and proper response equipment. o An initial boundary or limitation to guide where safety frameworks, based on QRA (Quantitative Risk Assessment) and, vapour/gas dispersion studies to set control zones, need to be developed. The boundary should include any areas where OCC offloading activities could potentially take place and exclude any areas where OCC offloading activities will absolutely not take place. o A plan to conduct credible spill scenarios and dispersion studies to help inform control, safety, and exclusion zones. o A plan to conduct a port-specific risk assessment and spatial analysis that will guide control zoning for OCC offloading. o A protocol for licensing or approval of OCC operators and activities, including an audit system for OCC operators. o An overview of relevant OCC offloading scenarios and parameters to develop an OCC offloading map with designated offloading sites. o Oversight and enforcement protocols and delegation of parties responsible for enforcement. o Options for a 'port of refuge' for vessels equipped with OCC technology in distress, even if the port decided against accommodating OCC offloading infrastructure. o Development of reporting requirements and conditions, including: ■ reporting of CO₂ capture and storage activities; ■ reporting of activities and operations; ■ interaction with other port stakeholders not involved in OCC operations; ■ internal and external responsibilities; @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 24 ■ terminals and other port users; ■ simultaneous operations (SIMOPS) involving OCC-equipped vessels; ■ signalling or marking of vessels conducting OCC offloading; ■ approval or prohibition of activities; ■ the use of standardised bunkering and offloading checklists where applicable. o A summary of relevant existing regulations, including an overview of regulatory gaps: ■ port bylaws or other relevant local regulations, ■ existing port safety procedures for hazardous cargo handling, ■ environmental legislation, ■ water quality and water pollution prevention regulations, ■ regional and national legislations, ■ international legislation for vessels (IMO). □ Develop a contingency plan for OCC offloading system failures, covering emergency response actions for malfunctions. Optional tasks and considerations: □ A plan for digital support of operations, including a digital twin. □ Establish emergency response training programs specific to OCC offloading hazards. □ Develop an ongoing risk monitoring system to assess the effectiveness of safety measures, including periodic audits. □ Engage in industry collaboration to align OCC safety practices with evolving global standards. - Domain: Infrastructure Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Draft a detailed plan for assessing and establishing necessary infrastructure. This may include: o A plan to adapt present infrastructure or develop relevant infrastructure to facilitate OCC offloading based on engineering studies and other technical assessments. ■ Near-term accommodations may be achieved by modifying and adapting existing port infrastructure. ■ Long-term accommodations should focus on developing the suite of infrastructure necessary to regularly accommodate OCC offloading operations. o A (hands-on) timeline for infrastructure that will develop modular offloading solutions for pilot projects and scaled infrastructure for permanent operations. o A plan to conduct nautical safety studies to ensure that vessels equipped with OCC can enter the port safely, with designated offloading locations that mitigate the risk of collision or allision, and tidal and current surge of passing vessels is considered. o A consideration of the potential infrastructure requirements, including: ■ Quays to host vessels and operations. ■ Offloading infrastructure and flexible transfer systems. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 31 □ Establish a Legal & Contractual Framework: Develop standardised contractual agreements for port service providers handling OCC offloading, including liability clauses, operational responsibilities, and insurance requirements for CO₂ handling. □ Define Expansion Criteria for OCC Offloading: Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess whether OCC offloading can scale up based on pilot outcomes (e.g., operational efficiency, safety compliance, and environmental benefits). □ Integrate OCC Offloading into Long-Term Port Decarbonisation Strategy: If successful, outline a pathway to formally integrate OCC infrastructure into the port’s long-term decarbonisation strategy and regulatory planning. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Implement and test the monitoring system to measure the effect of OCC operation and offloading on GHG emissions and air quality at the port. □ Provide an update to relevant green corridor projects or proposals on the pilot project outcomes and decision to move forward. □ Conduct a comparative study of various regulatory approaches at ports managing CO₂ offloading and integrate the best practices. □ Explore opportunities to collaborate with global port authorities for knowledge sharing on OCC regulatory best practices. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Implement training of all required personnel involved in the safety framework, including site personnel, incident responders, and port health organisations, among others. □ Implement training of all other personnel involved in handling or transferring captured CO₂ and solvent from OCC systems. This may include utilising industry, schools, or training institutes to develop and implement training courses or other training materials. □ Implement training of auditors or hire an outside agency to audit OCC offloading operators for compliance with established protocols. □ Conduct any further simulation, testing, training, or due diligence required by the port authority or regulatory agencies to validate protocols and prepare for the deployment of OCC offloading operations. □ Revise and finalise the framework based on feedback received and results from testing and implementation. □ Once established, the project team should: o Draft a joint plan of OCC Offloading Operations (JPOCCOO), the plan of approach for the specific OCC operation, with guidance for all parties involved, based on the OCC offloading management plan of the involved vessel(s) and local specific information. The JPOCCOO should: ▪ Meet the safety and regulatory requirements in the guiding framework. ▪ Reflect best practices of the industry, guidance from branch organisations, and standards. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 32 ▪ Include a compatibility assessment for OCC offloading systems. ▪ Include control zones for OCC offloading. ▪ Include safety requirements specific to CO₂ handling, including leak prevention and emergency shut-off systems. ▪ Include SIMOPS (Simultaneous Operations) safety measures. ▪ Include port-specific risk mitigation. ▪ Include operational safety checklists. o Develop a full project plan to offload captured CO₂ and spent solvent from a vessel that includes: ▪ Confirmation that OCC offloading will be performed in accordance with the developed JPOCCOO. ▪ Defined spatial planning for pilot operations to ensure sufficient distance between operations and vulnerable areas or the public. ▪ Confirmation of the involved vessel, terminal, and CO₂ and solvent handling operator’s state of preparedness. ▪ A compatibility check between vessel and port infrastructure. ▪ Supervision, if necessary, by relevant authorities during the offloading process. ▪ Use of the proper mandatory operational checklist (IAPH). ▪ Enforcement by safety specialists. o Submit a request for approval from the competent authorities. □ Execute the project plan and perform the pilot with the supervision of the safety experts of the project team. □ Monitor, evaluate and make a report of the pilot, including lessons learned and validation of the safety framework. □ Evaluate the readiness of emergency response after the pilot by conducting an after-action review of drills related to CO₂ leak response, cryogenic handling risks, and gas dispersion control. □ Refine risk mitigation strategies using pilot data, adjusting safety protocols based on any recurring issues or operational challenges encountered during the demonstration. □ Standardise CO₂ detection and leak prevention measures, ensuring a consistent approach to sensor placement, ventilation strategies, and pressure management for future operations. □ Establish certification and audit procedures for OCC offloading operators to ensure compliance before granting full operational licenses. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Implement a digital monitoring system to track real-time safety parameters during offloading. □ Develop a digital safety dashboard integrating real-time risk monitoring and automated alerts for CO₂ handling operations. □ Engage in knowledge sharing across industries with LNG and ammonia port operators to compare cryogenic handling safety measures. - Domain: Infrastructure Strategies, tasks and measures: @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 33 □ Once established, the project team should: o Develop a full project plan for a vessel using OCC systems to enter the port that includes: ▪ The admission policy for vessels equipped with OCC technology. ▪ An approach and mooring plan. ▪ Defined spatial planning for OCC offloading locations where vessels equipped with OCC technology can berth. ▪ Confirmation of the suitability of the berth for OCC operations. ▪ Confirmation of the terminal or site operators' preparedness. ▪ Informing VTM (Vessel Traffic Management) and VTS (Vessel Traffic Service) on the particulars of the vessel. ▪ Implementation and testing of STS (ship-to-ship), and/or STT (ship-to-truck) or pipeline transfer checklists. □ Inform relevant parties about the entry of the pilot vessel into the port and/ or of the OCC offloading operation. □ Execute the project plan and perform the pilot with the supervision of the experts of the project team. □ Monitor, evaluate and make a report of the pilot, including lessons learned and validation of the safety framework. □ Evaluate temporary and permanent infrastructure needs to determine if initial demand can be satisfied with mobile buffer tanks or if long-term infrastructure investments are necessary. □ Test alternative CO₂ offloading scenarios, including ship-to-truck (STT), ship-to-ship (STS), and pipeline transfer for flexible offloading solutions. □ Address port capacity for scaling OCC offloading by assessing berthing constraints and operational flow to determine whether multiple OCC offloading sites are necessary. □ Investigate the energy requirements for CO₂ processing at the port, including shore power availability and integration with low-carbon energy solutions for CO₂ compression. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Investigate temporary or modular CO₂ storage solutions to accommodate offloaded CO₂. □ Conduct a feasibility study on multi-user CO₂ handling infrastructure to determine if OCC offloading can be integrated with other CO₂ supply chains. - Domain: Market, supply/demand Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Release an open call for additional projects utilising OCC offloading technologies. □ Evaluate the commercial feasibility post-pilot by performing a cost-benefit analysis of OCC offloading, emphasising operational costs, carbon credit opportunities, and pricing models. □ Define business models for long-term OCC offloading operations, outlining potential revenue streams such as service fees, port dues adjustments, and integration with carbon markets. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 34 □ Explore offtake agreements with carbon market players and engage with CO₂ storage operators, and work with industrial partners to establish long-term CO₂ transport pathways. □ Assess future incentives and funding mechanisms, identifying potential public and private sources for OCC infrastructure expansion. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Engage with shipping operators and industrial partners to explore scaling OCC offloading beyond the pilot phase. □ Conduct a competitor analysis, identifying other ports investing in OCC offloading and positioning the port as a leader in the sector. □ Explore potential cross-industry collaborations with cement, steel, and hydrogen sectors to integrate OCC offloading with broader CCUS value chains. Level 6 objective achieved: It is demonstrated by pilot-scale project(s) that the established framework and infrastructure for offloading captured CO₂ and solvent from vessels using OCC systems in the port are sufficient and effective. □ The port tested the governance arrangements for OCC offloading and processed feedback in the arrangements. □ The port performed a practical test of the developed safety arrangements and infrastructure for OCC offloading within a designated area of the port under tightly controlled conditions to examine and improve the safety preparation for more frequent activities in OCC offloading operations. □ The port performed a practical test of the developed infrastructure, or roadmap for the further development of infrastructure, within a designated area of the port under tightly controlled conditions to examine and improve the infrastructural preparation for more frequent OCC offloading activities. □ To create market confidence, a pilot is performed to prove the port is ready for OCC offloading operations and is prepared to host larger or more frequent OCC offloading activities. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains within level 7 are being prepared. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 35 Level 7: Project-based establishment of OCC offloading operations Level 7 Objective: To facilitate project-based OCC offloading operations, allowing vessels equipped with OCC systems to offload captured CO₂ at the port, controlled by safety protocols and project teams. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains in level 6 have been evaluated, and lessons learned are implemented. - Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Encourage operators and CO₂ handling providers to continue to submit requests for OCC offloading operations. □ Vet proposals and projects as they are received. □ Assemble project team(s) to lead and or support each project, as in PRL-CO₂ level 6. □ Apply the OCC offloading framework to multiple project scenarios as listed above and incorporate reviews and learnings from each project. □ Continue to support schooling and training institutes to prepare port staff and operators for more regular, larger-scale OCC offloading operations. □ Update the port information guide. □ Engage in communication to share knowledge and experience with other ports regarding OCC offloading. □ Provide public communications announcing the initiation of more regular OCC offloading operations at the port. □ Project-based operations are monitored and evaluated, and lessons learned are used for further adjustment of the frameworks for governance, safety and infrastructure. □ Establish a long-term governance framework for OCC offloading to shift from a projectbased approach to a standardised operational process within the port’s regulatory structure. □ Establish standardised permitting and licensing procedures for OCC offloading, moving beyond project-specific approvals to create an efficient, recurring process for vessel operators. □ Strengthen the regulatory alignment between OCC offloading and broader CCUS networks, ensuring compatibility with national and international CO₂ transport and storage regulations. □ Establish data-sharing agreements with other ports involved in OCC offloading to develop a global knowledge base and repository of best practices. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 36 □ Conduct a comprehensive review process involving multiple stakeholders after project implementation, collecting insights from port operators, shipowners, regulatory bodies, and industry groups to enhance OCC governance policies. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Monitor the effect of OCC offloading operations on CO₂ reductions within the port and its contribution to overall emission reductions. □ Monitor and publish the quantities of CO₂ offloaded from vessels with OCC systems. □ Host an international summit or workshop on OCC offloading to establish the port as a leader in OCC integration and knowledge sharing. □ Engage policymakers to investigate incentives for adopting long-term OCC offloading, such as regulatory support, tax benefits, or integration into carbon markets. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Project teams should plan and execute each new OCC offloading operation as was done in PRL-CO₂ 6, including receiving approval from relevant competent authorities and ensuring safety protocols for every project. □ Competent authority is granting project-based licences or exemptions for OCC offloading operations. □ Establish an OCC Offloading Safety Audit process to ensure ongoing improvement informed by lessons learned from project-based operations. □ Develop standardised emergency response plans for OCC offloading, ensuring that first responders, port authorities, and vessel operators are united in CO₂ leak and incident mitigation protocols. □ Develop a port-wide OCC safety culture training program for the entire port, incorporating regular refresher courses for all personnel involved in CO₂ offloading operations. □ Integrate OCC offloading into comprehensive port safety drills and crisis management exercises, ensuring compatibility with other port operations (e.g., LNG, ammonia, and hydrogen handling). Optional tasks and considerations: □ Develop a risk assessment protocol for simultaneous offloading of OCC and other port activities (SIMOPS). □ Assess the necessity of dedicated OCC safety teams at the port to supervise operations continuously rather than on a project-by-project basis. □ Explore AI-powered safety monitoring tools that automatically identify CO₂ leaks or irregularities during OCC offloading operations. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 37 - Domain: Infrastructure Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Implement the admission procedure for vessels equipped with OCC systems that intend to offload captured CO₂ at the port. □ Ensure necessary infrastructure to execute OCC offloading operations exists or is developed for (if applicable) ship-to-ship (STS), ship-to-truck (STT), or direct pipeline offloading, depending on project relevancy; and "spin-off" infrastructure, such as mobile CO₂ storage or auxiliary gas-handling services. □ Aid port operations with strong IT support that is adapted to CO₂ handling operations. □ Evaluate the requirement for dedicated OCC offloading infrastructure, shifting from adaptable project-based configurations to permanent or semi-permanent offloading stations. □ Develop guidelines for selecting OCC offloading sites to optimise locations for minimal disruption to other port operations. □ Explore the standardisation of CO₂ offloading connection interfaces to enable seamless offloading across various vessel types and storage solutions. □ Conduct a port-wide CO₂ pipeline feasibility study across the port to evaluate the viability of a dedicated pipeline connection between OCC offloading points and storage/utilisation facilities. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Develop procedures or integrate OCC offloading into procedures for Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) and Vessel Traffic Management (VTM). □ Investigate the potential for OCC offloading hubs, where multiple vessels can discharge CO₂ at a centralised facility instead of depending on individual berth setups. □ Evaluate the feasibility of mobile CO₂ buffer storage, which would allow greater flexibility in scaling OCC offloading capacity as demand increases. - Domain: Market, supply/demand Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Implement a market strategy that identifies new opportunities and supports the uptake of OCC offloading through: o Funding and support for demonstration projects, o Short-term or long-term funding of CAPEX or OPEX, o A pricing incentive for vessels utilising OCC technology vs conventional vessels. □ Monitor funding and pricing opportunities. □ Establish financial models for long-term OCC offloading services, ensuring that port fees, service charges, and potential carbon credit monetisation align with industry requirements. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 38 □ Expand OCC offloading services, including optional CO₂ purification, compression, or direct pipeline transport to storage and utilisation sites. □ Create a transparent CO₂ offloading pricing model that ensures predictability for shipowners and encourages further OCC adoption. □ Identify potential cross-sector partnerships, especially with carbon utilisation industries (such as synthetic fuel production and cement manufacturing), to establish a stable demand for offloaded CO₂. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Explore market niches for OCC offloading and potential integration into existing CCUS value chains. □ Connect stakeholders within the CO₂ transport and utilisation supply chain with potential customers. □ Evaluate global OCC offloading market trends to ensure the port remains competitive in pricing, infrastructure, and regulatory alignment. □ Explore possible funding sources to shift OCC offloading from project-based operations to fully commercialised services. Level 7 objective achieved: Offloading of captured CO₂ from vessels equipped with OCC systems can take place in the port on a project basis and is controlled by safety protocols and project teams. □ The port's formal policy on how to facilitate vessels offloading captured CO₂ from OCC systems on a project basis, has been accepted by relevant stakeholders. The port governance is able to support regular OCC offloading operations. □ Port safety and regulatory framework are project-based fit for facilitating OCC offloading operations, controlled by safety protocols and project teams. □ Port infrastructure is project-based fit for facilitating OCC offloading operations, controlled by safety protocols and project teams. □ A starting OCC offloading market is developed, the port is exploring business opportunities for CO₂ handling and is prepared to host larger and more frequent OCC offloading operations. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains within level 8 are being prepared. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 39 Level 8: Full OCC offloading capabilities for commercial operations Level 8 Objective: To facilitate full capabilities for OCC offloading operations at the port, where operations are system-based and managed by audits, licensing, and continuous monitoring. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains in level 7 have been evaluated, and lessons learned are implemented. Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Perform a full audit and assessment to fully license operators who conducted OCC offloading in PRL-CO₂ 6 or 7. □ Initiate the system of auditing and licensing determined in the guiding framework for any additional operators seeking to offload captured CO₂ from onboard carbon capture systems. □ Create a long-term governance framework for OCC offloading to ensure full integration into standard port operations, accompanied by structured permitting and regulatory oversight. (Shifts from project-based to permanent systems.) □ Standardise OCC offloading permits and licensing to establish a clear process for operators to obtain long-term approvals instead of case-by-case project approvals. (from temporary permits to a structured regulatory process) □ Establish cross-border compliance frameworks to ensure that OCC offloading is in accordance with international maritime emissions regulations, carbon markets, and CO₂ transport laws. □ Establish regulatory enforcement mechanisms to identify vessels that do not comply with OCC offloading standards and to implement corrective actions. (Shifts from voluntary compliance to enforceable measures.) □ Implement data-sharing agreements with regulatory bodies to ensure that the real-time monitoring of OCC offloading performance is reported to oversight agencies. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Measure and report the effect of OCC offloading on CO₂ emission reductions at the port and its contribution to overall climate objectives. □ Report and publish the quantity of CO₂ offloaded from OCC-equipped vessels. □ Continue to share experiences and lessons learned with other ports integrating OCC offloading. □ Host OCC offloading regulatory workshops with international policymakers to ensure standardisation of CO₂ handling, reporting, and compliance mechanisms across ports. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 40 □ Establish a mechanism for grievance and dispute resolution that enables stakeholders, such as ship operators, CO₂ buyers, and regulators, to address operational issues promptly. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Scale-up operations according to the guiding framework to facilitate OCC offloading as part of normal port operations, ensuring all safety and regulatory requirements are met and port-wide organisational oversight is in place. □ Arrange ongoing training and drills for the port's emergency response organisation in collaboration with OCC vessel operators, CO₂ storage operators, and regulatory agencies. □ Continuously monitor OCC offloading operations and operators to ensure compliance with the safety and regulatory framework. □ Competent authority is granting system-based licenses or exemptions for OCC offloading operations. □ Establish a port-wide OCC offloading safety audit system that mandates regular audits for vessels, operators, and port facilities to ensure safety compliance. (Transitions from ad-hoc safety checks to mandatory, scheduled audits.) □ Create an automated risk assessment tool that integrates real-time data from OCC offloading operations to proactively identify potential safety issues. (Data-driven risk management is essential at scale.) □ Ensure all OCC offloading personnel complete certified training programs, making compliance mandatory for all port staff and third-party operators by changing recommended training to required training. □ Expand emergency response plans for large-scale OCC offloading incidents, ensuring that fire, spill, and gas dispersion response measures are appropriately scaled to accommodate increasing volumes of CO₂. (This expands the level 7 emergency response to include higherrisk scenarios.) □ Establish clear liability and insurance policies for OCC offloading operations, ensuring all parties understand their financial and legal responsibilities in the event of accidents. (Permanent services require structured liability coverage.) Optional tasks and considerations: □ Implement AI-driven safety monitoring to enable real-time anomaly detection in OCC offloading operations, thereby preventing system failures. □ Conduct regular OCC emergency response drills with vessel operators and CO₂ storage providers to ensure coordinated incident management across sectors. - Domain: Infrastructure Strategies, tasks and measures: @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 47 3.2 PRL-CO₂ for CO₂ Transport by Ship Level 1: Foundational background information on CO₂ transport by ship technologies and processes Level 1 Objective: To gather pertinent background information that will help to form the foundation of research and inform decisions moving forward. - Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Research present and upcoming regulations and incentives on CO₂ transport integration into CCUS networks, including: o International regulations and incentives, such as the London Protocol and IMDG Code, o National regulations and incentives, and o Regional and local regulations and incentives. □ Research the maturity or technical readiness of the different CO₂ transport by ship approaches/ technologies. □ Develop an initial governance framework outlining roles and responsibilities for CO₂ shipping operations. □ Identify relevant port and industry stakeholders and create an open means for communication (e.g., commercial port operators, vessel operators, port authorities, port oversight commissions, etc.). □ Investigate means to assess public opinions and perceptions from surrounding communities regarding CO₂ transport operations at the port. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Research the environmental and logistical benefits of CO₂ transport by ship. □ Assess the port’s contribution to regional and international CCUS network goals. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Research safety requirements for handling liquefied CO₂ during offloading, storage, and transfer. □ Research and understand present national/international safety regulations for CO₂ handling and cryogenic systems and identify potential safety risks specific to CO₂ transport by ship, including cryogenic leaks and system failures. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 48 □ Identify regulatory authorities involved in safety oversight at the port and create an open means for communication to identify initial training and equipment needs (e.g., local, regional, and national government authorities; port authorities, safety agencies, environmental agencies, etc.) Optional tasks and considerations: □ Explore opportunities to collaborate with emergency response teams to enhance preparedness. □ Explore collaborations to establish best practices for CO₂ transport safety. □ Investigate mitigation strategies for CO₂ leakage risks. - Domain: Infrastructure Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Research the requirements necessary to serve as a port of call for vessels to load and/or offload transported CO₂. □ Map existing infrastructure capabilities for CO₂ transport by ship, including berths, storage, and pipelines. □ Identify space availability for potential CO₂ transport by ship infrastructure, including temporary CO₂ storage facilities. □ Research technical requirements for connecting ship equipment to port systems (e.g., pipelines, berths). □ Identify potential upgrades needed to accommodate CO₂ vessels and associated systems. □ Assess geographical and logistical advantages for integrating the port into CCUS supply chains. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Evaluate opportunities for infrastructure co-development with CCUS partners. □ Explore temporary storage solutions for CO₂ awaiting onward transport. □ Assess the availability of space in the port for future expansions or upgrades to accommodate CO₂ transport by ship-related operations. - Domain: Market, supply/demand Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Asses the basic commercial potential of becoming a CO₂ transport hub, focusing on demand from emitters and storage facilities. □ Analyse the economic feasibility of integrating CO₂ shipping into port operations. □ Engage with CCUS stakeholders to explore collaboration opportunities. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 49 □ Conduct a preliminary economic analysis of integrating CO₂ transport infrastructure into port operations. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Investigate anticipated supply and demand trends for CO₂ shipping. □ Explore green corridor initiatives that could increase demand for CO₂ transport services. Level 1 objective achieved: Sufficient background information is gathered to be able to form the foundation of research and decisions moving forward. □ Information is gathered about CO₂ transport by ship and CO₂ capture projects. □ CO₂ transport by ship is assessed to identify aspects that might be safety-related showstoppers. □ The basic potential to become a CO₂ transport hub port with infrastructure is assessed. □ The basic commercial potential to become a CO₂ transport hub port is assessed. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains within level 2 are being prepared. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 50 Level 2: Stakeholder interest and feasibility assessment for CO₂ transport by Ship Level 2 Objective: To assess the eagerness of stakeholders to pursue added capabilities for CO₂ transport by ship at the port and gather information on the physical and market feasibility of these operations. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains in level 1 have been evaluated, and lessons learned are implemented. - Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Assess the opinions and support of relevant port and industry stakeholders for CO₂ transport readiness. □ Provide stakeholders with the background information gathered in Level 1 and assess their interest to invest in CO₂ shipping operations. □ Assess stakeholders' perceived feasibility for entering the market for CO₂ transport by ship. □ Implement strategies for assessing public opinion on adding capabilities for CO₂ transport at the port. □ Develop frameworks for stakeholder collaboration within regional CCUS networks. Optional task and considerations: □ Include green corridor stakeholders in discussions and assessments for CO₂ transport by ship. □ Include CCUS network operators in feasibility discussions. □ Assess alignment with national and international carbon management strategies. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Assess the budget and resources available for establishing a port-specific safety framework for CO₂ transport. □ Acquaint relevant safety and environmental authorities with market trends and make them aware of the growing or future use of CO₂ transport by ship. □ Create a network to involve all authorities and key players in the development of a safety framework. □ Create communication channels with safety and environmental authorities to ensure alignment on CO₂ shipping protocols. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 51 □ Develop partnerships with storage site operators to integrate safety planning. Optional task and considerations: □ Propose safety workshops with regulators and industry representatives. □ Perform preliminary risk assessments for CO₂ leaks and transfer hazards. - Domain: Infrastructure Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Assess the physical feasibility of accommodating vessels dedicated to CO₂ transport at the port. □ Identify whether CO₂ transport requires additional infrastructure beyond current port capabilities. □ Assess currently available port infrastructure, including existing CO₂ storage facilities and transport pipelines. □ Evaluate existing port handling capabilities and determine gaps in CO₂-specific infrastructure. □ Assess the physical feasibility of creating or utilising a specific port area for CO₂ transfer, ensuring separation from vulnerable areas such as other hazardous cargo and residential Optional tasks and considerations: □ Investigate potential upgrades to loading/unloading arms, berth designs, and port handling systems. □ Explore the potential to co-develop CO₂ storage infrastructure with industrial partners or CCUS stakeholders. □ Assess the scalability of CO₂ transport facilities to support future demand growth. - Domain: Market, supply/demand Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Conduct market research to identify demand for CO₂ transport by ship. □ Assess stakeholders' (emitters, shipping operators, and storage facilities) perceived feasibility for entering the market for CO₂ transport. □ Engage with emitters, shipping operators, and storage facilities to evaluate collaboration potential. □ Create preliminary economic models to assess the viability of CO₂ shipping operations. □ Acquaint relevant port stakeholders with the CO₂ transport value chain and its commercial potential. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 52 Optional tasks and considerations: □ Ensure stakeholders in the CO₂ transport and storage market are equipped to stay informed on the future market conditions of CO₂ transport and storage and will have the information necessary to balance demand and supply. □ Identify potential commercial partnerships as they relate to CO₂ transport. □ Explore partnerships with industrial emitters to establish long-term CO₂ transport agreements. □ Investigate synergies with other regional decarbonisation projects. □ Consider incentives to encourage the adoption of CO₂ transport services (e.g., reduced port fee, priority berthing, incentive programs, etc.). □ Develop strategic plans to position the port as a key player in global CO₂ shipping networks. Level 2 objective achieved: The interest of stakeholders to pursue CO₂ transport by ship capabilities has been assessed. There is sufficient insight into the feasibility of adding CO₂ transport capabilities at the port. □ The port has sufficient insight into the CO₂ transport value chain and stakeholder strategies for CO₂ transport. □ The port has sufficient insight, budget and resources to develop a safety framework for CO₂ transport by ship. □ The port has sufficient insight into the present infrastructure and the gaps for future needed infrastructure to know if it can facilitate CO₂ transport by ship. □ The port is acquainted with the opportunities for the port's stakeholders to enter the new market. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains within level 3 are being prepared. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 53 Level 3: Detailed research, analysis, and conclusions on CO₂ transport by Ship readiness Level 3 Objective: Gather detailed information on all pertinent aspects of CO₂ transport by ship so that an informed decision on moving forward with CO₂ transport by ship operations can be made. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains in level 2 have been evaluated, and lessons learned are implemented. - Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Establish a regulatory roadmap for integrating CO₂ transport into port operations. □ Define compliance measures and reporting obligations for CO₂ shipping activities. □ Develop collaborative agreements with government agencies and CCUS stakeholders. □ Work with legal experts to outline liability and contractual considerations for CO₂ transport. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Consult research reports and scientific papers to supplement information gathered. □ Recruit relevant port stakeholders to participate in research programs, consortiums, and partnerships to supplement information and gather knowledge. □ Advocate for consistent regulatory standards across national and international jurisdictions. □ Assess potential tax or financial incentives for CO₂ transport investments. □ Explore the creation of regional regulatory working groups for CO₂ shipping. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Develop a safety framework for CO₂ transport infrastructure, including loading and unloading procedures, conduct hazard and operability studies specific to CO₂ handling and implement emergency response strategies in cooperation with relevant authorities. The necessary aspects should be based on information previously gathered, including relevant safety standards, regulations, and industry best practices. □ Standardise CO₂ transport risk assessments across participating ports. Optional tasks and considerations: @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 54 □ Design industry-wide safety workshops for CO₂ transport and handling. □ Establish monitoring systems for early leak detection and risk mitigation. □ Engage international safety organisations for cross-border CO₂ transport alignment. - Domain: Infrastructure Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Research the exact infrastructure demand and the scale required for CO₂ transport services at the commercial level. □ Identify key technical requirements for ship-to-shore CO₂ handling systems. □ Engage with industry stakeholders to align infrastructure development with transport demand. □ Consider shared infrastructure models to distribute investment risks. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Assess multi-use infrastructure options to integrate CO₂ handling with other port activities. □ Explore scalability solutions to accommodate future CO₂ volumes. □ Investigate offshore CO₂ transfer options to reduce port congestion. - Domain: Market, supply/demand Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Research detailed costs, including capital expenses (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX) for CO₂ transport services. □ Define commercial models for CO₂ transport services, including pricing structures. □ Establish partnerships with industrial emitters and storage sites to secure transport demand. □ Develop long-term investment plans for CO₂ transport infrastructure and operational sustainability. □ Conduct stakeholder engagement to align CO₂ transport services with market needs. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Investigate opportunities to integrate CO₂ transport into broader CCUS initiatives. □ Assess the feasibility of government-backed financial support for CO₂ transport projects. □ Explore export opportunities for CO₂ transport services. □ Provide an update to relevant green corridor projects or proposals on the research conclusions and decision to move forward. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 55 Level 3 objective achieved: Based on sufficient information about all aspects needed, the port decided whether it could support CO₂ transport infrastructure and services or would halt progress on these services. □ The port has sufficient information to develop a policy and roadmap for CO₂ transport infrastructure and services. □ All safety requirements and infrastructure demands can be met by the port to supply CO₂ transport infrastructure and services. □ The port has sufficient information on the necessary infrastructure and space for CO₂ transport services. □ Research indicates that the market availability of CO₂ transport infrastructure and services aligns with the port’s needs and that associated costs will not present a prohibitive barrier to implementation. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains within level 4 are being prepared. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 56 Level 4: Roadmap to proceed, framework and timeline developed Level 4 Objective: Announce proceeding with a plan or roadmap for integrating CO₂ transport by ship into port operations and develop a detailed framework and timeline to serve as the guiding document for the implementation process. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains in level 3 have been evaluated, and lessons learned are implemented. - Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Draft a publicly available position or policy paper explaining the port's decision to proceed or halt with CO₂ shipping operations. □ Create a firm PRL-CO₂ schedule, including present standing and future ambitions for CO₂ shipping within the port and communicate it publicly. □ Begin drafting the foundational framework that will serve as the guiding document for proceeding with CO₂ transport operations. The framework should include protocols for CO₂ handling, key considerations for CO₂ carrier compatibility with port facilities and operational procedures for CO₂ offloading from ships and/or any of the following offloading scenarios deemed relevant at the port: ship-to-shore transfer, ship-to-ship transfer, or integration with storage infrastructure for CO₂ handling. □ Draft a thorough engagement and communication plan for stakeholders, regulatory authorities, the press, and the public. This may include: o A strategy to manage the expectations of stakeholders. o A plan to disseminate transparent information, including pros and cons, to the public. o A frequently asked questions (FAQs) list to help inform relevant parties. o A streamlined and easily accessible feedback submission tool for parties to submit comments and feedback. o A robust system of communication amongst key players, including CCUS value chain participants, port authorities and terminal operators handling CO₂, regulatory bodies overseeing CO₂ transport safety and compliance, etc. o Relevant communication and publication tools such as a website, flyers, or one-pagers. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Include the following in the foundational framework: o A detailed strategy for monitoring the environmental impact of CO₂ transport, ensuring compliance with emissions and safety regulations. This may include tracking CO₂ shipment volumes and offloading activities to ensure transparency and efficiency. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 63 Optional tasks and considerations: □ Evaluate potential incentive programs to encourage the adoption of CO₂ transport services, such as fee reductions for early adopters, port dues adjustments, or infrastructure funding support. □ Establish commercial partnerships with carbon market actors and CCUS stakeholders to ensure transported CO₂ has viable storage or utilisation pathways. Level 5 objective achieved: The framework for CO₂ transport operation was tested by simulation, implemented, and revised to create a final version approved by the required entities. □ The port implemented the roadmap of level 4. □ The port created proper governance for CO₂ transport operations, including regulatory compliance, reporting procedures, and coordination with relevant authorities. □ The port developed a safety framework, regulatory framework and spatial planning for CO₂ loading and offloading operations. The framework was successfully simulated. □ The port developed infrastructure to support CO₂ transport by ship. □ The port developed commercial support to explore and accelerate the new opportunities for CO₂ transport. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains within level 6 are being prepared. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 64 Level 6: Pilot-scale demonstration of CO₂ shipping operations and handling systems Level 6 Objective: To perform a pilot-scale demonstration within a designated area of the port under tightly controlled conditions for a vessel engaged in CO₂ transport, either loading or offloading CO₂. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains in level 5 have been evaluated, and lessons learned are implemented. - Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Select an appropriate, small-scale pilot project for CO₂ loading and/or offloading from the submitted applications. □ Disseminate the news of the selected pilot project(s) and timeline through the established communication channels. □ Assemble a project team responsible for overseeing the pilot project(s). This should include members to manage safety and infrastructure issues, as well as messaging and communication and regulatory compliance. Possible team members include: o The Harbour Master or representative o Competent authorities o CO₂ handling operators o Vessel operator o Terminal or site owner o Vessel services o Port authority representative o Consultant or other specialists o Other agency or stakeholder representatives □ Once established, the project team should: o Review the results of all simulations conducted during Level 5, as well as the final CO₂ shipping operations framework. o Determine what parts of the framework are applicable to the pilot project(s) and define the necessary requirements. o Execute the project plan(s) for the pilot project(s). o Perform an in-depth analysis and review of the completed project(s), assessing strengths, weaknesses, successes, and failures. Provide recommended revisions to the framework based on the outcomes of the analysis. □ The recommendations provided by the project team should be assessed by the greater port community, and the guiding framework modified accordingly. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 65 □ Disseminate the guiding framework. □ Share the news of the successful pilot(s). □ Develop a post-pilot stakeholder consultation plan to systematically gather feedback from regulatory agencies, vessel operators, and port authorities to enhance governance mechanisms. □ Establish a legal and contractual framework for CO₂ shipping operations by defining liability clauses, operational responsibilities, and insurance requirements for CO₂ handling. This includes long-term agreements for CO₂ transport and compliance with maritime regulations such as MARPOL and the London Protocol. □ Define the expansion criteria for CO₂ transport by ship, establishing key performance indicators (KPIs) to enhance operational efficiency, ensure safety compliance, and promote environmental benefits while ensuring scalability. □ Integrate CO₂ shipping into the port’s long-term decarbonisation strategy, ensuring alignment with future sustainability goals, international CCUS networks, and emissions reduction mandates. □ Harmonise CO₂ transport regulations across jurisdictions by collaborating with international maritime organisations and regulatory bodies to ensure seamless cross-border transport of CO₂. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Implement and test the monitoring system to measure the effect of CO₂ loading/offloading operations on GHG emissions and air quality at the port. □ Provide an update on relevant green corridor projects or proposals on the pilot project outcomes and decision to move forward. □ Conduct a comparative study on different regulatory approaches across ports handling CO₂ shipping operations and integrate best practices. □ Explore opportunities to collaborate with international port authorities to standardise permitting and operational frameworks for CO₂ transport. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Implement training of all required personnel involved in the safety framework, including site personnel, incident responders, and port health organisations, among others. □ Implement training of all other personnel involved in handling or transferring CO₂ during loading/offloading operations. This may include utilising industry, schools, or training institutes to develop and implement training courses or other training materials. □ Implement training of auditors or hire an outside agency to audit CO₂ handling operators for compliance with established protocols. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 66 □ Conduct any further simulation, testing, training, or due diligence required by the port authority or regulatory agencies to validate protocols and prepare for full deployment of CO₂ shipping operations. □ Revise and finalise the framework based on feedback received and results from testing and implementation. □ Once established, the project team should: o Draft a joint plan of CO₂ shipping operation (JPCO₂SO), the plan of approach for the specific CO₂ operation with guidance for all parties involved, based on the loading/offloading management plan of the involved vessel(s) and local specific information. The JPCO₂SO should: ▪ Meet the safety and regulatory requirements in the guiding framework. ▪ Reflect on best practices of the industry, guidance from branch organisations, and standards. ▪ Include a compatibility assessment for CO₂ loading/offloading systems. ▪ Include control zones for CO₂ handling operations. ▪ Include safety requirements specific to CO₂ cryogenic handling and pressure management. ▪ Include SIMOPS safety measures. ▪ Include port-specific risk mitigation. ▪ Include operational safety checklists. o Develop a full project plan to load/offload CO₂ from a vessel that includes: ▪ Confirmation that CO₂ loading/offloading will be performed in accordance with the developed JPCO₂SO. ▪ Defined spatial planning for pilot operations to ensure sufficient distance between operations and vulnerable areas or the public. ▪ Confirmation of the involved vessel, terminal, and CO₂ handling operator's state of preparedness. ▪ A compatibility check between vessel and port infrastructure. ▪ Supervision, if necessary, by relevant authorities during CO₂ loading/offloading. ▪ Use of the proper mandatory operational checklist (IAPH or equivalent). ▪ Enforcement by safety specialists. o Submit a request for approval from the competent authorities. □ Execute the project plan and perform the pilot CO₂ loading/offloading operation under the supervision of the safety experts of the project team. □ Monitor, evaluate and make a report of the pilot, including lessons learned and validation of the safety framework. □ Assess emergency response readiness after the pilot by performing an after-action review of emergency drills focused on CO₂ spill response, cryogenic handling risks, and gas dispersion control. □ Refine risk mitigation strategies based on pilot data, adjusting safety protocols to address any recurring issues or operational challenges identified during the demonstration. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 67 □ Standardise CO₂ detection & leak prevention measures to ensure a consistent approach to sensor placement, ventilation strategies, and pressure management for safe CO₂ transport operations. □ Establish certification and audit procedures for CO₂ shipping operators, ensuring compliance prior to granting full operational licenses. □ Conduct nautical safety reviews for CO₂ ship handling, covering ship berthing, manoeuvring risks, and interactions with other port activities (specific vessel types and handling complexities). Optional tasks and considerations: □ Develop a digital safety dashboard that integrates real-time monitoring of CO₂ loading and offloading risks. □ Collaborate with LNG and ammonia shipping operators to exchange best practices in cryogenic transport safety. □ Investigate the risks associated with CO₂ phase changes and the potential for dry ice formation in pipeline or shipboard systems. - Domain: Infrastructure Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Once established, the project team should: o Develop a full project plan for a vessel transporting CO₂ to enter the port that includes: ▪ The admission policy for vessels engaged in CO₂ transport. ▪ An approach and mooring plan. ▪ Defined spatial planning for locations where CO₂ transporting vessels can berth. ▪ Confirmation of the suitability of the berth for CO₂ handling. ▪ Confirmation of the terminal or site operators' preparedness. ▪ Informing VTM and VTS on the particulars of the vessel. ▪ Implementation and testing of STS and/or STT checklists. □ Inform relevant parties about the entry of the pilot vessel into the port and/ or CO₂ loading/offloading operation. □ Execute the project plan and perform the pilot with the supervision of the experts of the project team. □ Monitor, evaluate and make a report of the pilot, including lessons learned and validation of the safety framework. □ Assess the temporary and permanent infrastructure needs to determine if the initial CO₂ transport demand can be met with temporary solutions like floating storage units (FSUs), modular CO₂ storage tanks, or direct pipeline integration. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 68 □ Test alternative CO₂ offloading scenarios, including ship-to-ship (STS), ship-to-truck (STT), and direct pipeline transfer for flexible handling at various types of ports. □ Evaluate port capacity to expand CO₂ transport operations while identifying infrastructure bottlenecks for high-frequency CO₂ vessel traffic. □ Investigate energy requirements for CO₂ processing at the port, including shore power availability, cryogenic energy recovery, and extra compression needs for safe storage. (Emphasise energy demands for CO₂ liquefaction and recompression at offloading sites.) Optional tasks and considerations: □ Investigate modular CO₂ storage solutions that adapt to changes in transport demand. □ Conduct a feasibility study on multi-user CO₂ handling infrastructure to determine if CO₂ transport can be integrated with other CCUS storage hubs. □ Assess the feasibility of offshore CO₂ offloading platforms in areas with limited port infrastructure. - Domain: Market, supply/demand Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Release an open call for more projects utilising CO₂ shipping operations. □ Examine the commercial feasibility after the pilot by conducting a cost-benefit analysis of CO₂ shipping, which includes operational costs, carbon credit opportunities, and pricing models. □ Define business models for long-term CO₂ transport by ship, outlining potential revenue streams such as handling fees, adjustments to port dues, and integration with carbon markets. □ Engage CO₂ storage operators and industrial partners to create long-term CO₂ transport contracts and establish offtake agreements with carbon market participants. □ Assess future incentives and funding strategies while identifying potential public and private funding sources for expanding CO₂ transport infrastructure. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Engage shipping operators and industrial partners to explore scaling up CO₂ shipping beyond the pilot phase. □ Conduct a competitive analysis to identify other ports investing in CO₂ shipping and position the port as a leader in the industry. □ Explore cross-industry collaborations across the cement, steel, and hydrogen sectors to integrate CO₂ transport into broader CCUS networks. □ Investigate the market demand for CO₂ export through shipping to countries with permanent storage capacity. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 69 Level 6 objective achieved: It is demonstrated by pilot-scale project(s) that the established framework and infrastructure for the arrival of vessels transporting CO₂, as well as for the loading and offloading of CO₂ in the port, are sufficient and effective. □ The port tested the governance arrangements and processed feedback in the arrangements. □ The port performed a practical test of the developed safety arrangements and infrastructure for CO₂ loading and offloading within a designated area of the port under tightly controlled conditions to examine and improve the safety preparation for more frequent CO₂ transport activities. □ The port performed a practical test of the developed infrastructure, or roadmap for the further development of infrastructure, within a designated area of the port under tightly controlled conditions to examine and improve the infrastructural preparation for more frequent activities of vessels transporting CO₂. □ To create market confidence, a pilot is performed to prove the port is ready for CO₂ shipping operations and is prepared to host larger or more frequent CO₂ loading and offloading activities. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains within level 7 are being prepared. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 70 Level 7: Project-based establishment of CO₂ transport operations Level 7 Objective: To facilitate project-based CO₂ shipping operations, allowing vessels transporting CO₂ to load and offload CO₂ at the port under controlled safety protocols and project teams. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains in level 6 have been evaluated, and lessons learned are implemented. - Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Encourage vessel operators and CO₂ transport providers to continue to submit requests for CO₂ loading and offloading operations. □ Vet proposals and projects as they are received. □ Assemble project team(s) to lead and or support each project, as in PRL-CO₂ 6. □ Apply the CO₂ transport to multiple project scenarios as listed above and incorporate reviews and learnings from each project. □ Continue to support schooling and training institutes to prepare port staff and operators for more regular, larger-scale CO₂ transport operations. □ Update the port information guide to reflect evolving regulations and CO₂ handling protocols. □ Engage in communication to share knowledge and experience with other ports regarding CO₂ transport by ship. □ Provide public communications announcing the initiation of more regular CO₂ loading and offloading operations at the port. □ Project-based operations are monitored and evaluated, and lessons learned are used for further adjustment of the frameworks for governance, safety and infrastructure. □ Develop a long-term governance framework for CO₂ transport to transition from a projectbased approach to a standardised operational process within the port’s regulatory structure. □ Establish standardised permitting and licensing procedures for CO₂ transport by ship, progressing beyond project-specific approvals to create an efficient, recurring process for vessel operators. □ Enhance regulatory alignment between CO₂ transport and broader CCUS networks, ensuring compliance with national and international CO₂ transport and storage regulations, such as the London Protocol and MARPOL Annex VI. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 71 □ Establish agreements for data sharing with other ports involved in CO₂ transport to create a global knowledge base and repository of best practices. □ Facilitate a multi-stakeholder review process after project implementation, collecting insights from port operators, shipowners, regulatory bodies, and industry groups to enhance CO₂ transport governance policies. □ Ensure adherence to maritime regulations for CO₂ transport, especially concerning customs, taxation, leak liability, and long-term accountability for CO₂ Storage. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Monitor the effect of the use of CO₂ transport on emissions reductions within the port and its contribution to overall climate objectives. □ Monitor and publish the quantities of CO₂ loaded and offloaded. □ Organise an international CO₂ transport summit or workshop to establish the port as a leader in CO₂ shipping integration and knowledge sharing. □ Collaborate with policymakers to investigate incentives for the long-term adoption of CO₂ transport, such as regulatory support, tax benefits, or integration into carbon markets. □ Evaluate how international CO₂ transport restrictions, such as the London Protocol amendments, affect the port’s ability to export CO₂ across jurisdictions. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Project teams should plan and execute each new CO₂ loading and offloading operation as was done in PRL-CO₂ 6, including receiving approval from relevant competent authorities and ensuring safety protocols for every project. □ Competent authority is granting project-based licences or exemptions for CO₂ transport operations. □ Establish a CO₂ transport safety audit process to ensure ongoing improvement based on lessons learned from project operations. □ Establish standardised emergency response plans for CO₂ loading and offloading, ensuring that first responders, port authorities, and vessel operators are coordinated in CO₂ leak and incident mitigation protocols. □ Create a port-wide CO₂ safety culture training program for the port, incorporating periodic refresher courses for all personnel involved in CO₂ loading and offloading operations. □ Incorporate CO₂ transport safety into comprehensive port emergency drills, ensuring alignment with current hazardous cargo handling protocols. □ Conduct a study examining the effects of CO₂ venting and accidental releases, focusing on potential asphyxiation risks, cryogenic hazards, and environmental concerns. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 72 □ Create a risk assessment protocol for concurrent CO₂ loading/offloading and other port activities (SIMOPS). □ Conduct shipboard CO₂ handling safety audits to ensure vessels comply with international cryogenic transport safety standards. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Create a risk assessment protocol for concurrent CO₂ loading/offloading and other port activities (SIMOPS). □ Assess the necessity of dedicated CO₂ transport safety teams at the port to manage operations on a full-time basis instead of a project-by-project approach. □ Investigate AI-driven safety monitoring tools that automatically identify CO₂ leaks or anomalies in CO₂ loading and offloading operations. □ Investigate the risks associated with CO₂ phase changes and the potential for dry ice formation in pipelines and shipboard systems. - Domain: Infrastructure Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Implement the admission procedure for vessels transporting CO₂ to enter the port. □ Ensure necessary infrastructure to execute CO₂ transport operations exists or is developed for (if applicable) STS, STT, or direct pipeline transfer, depending on project relevancy; and "spin-off" infrastructure, such as temporary CO₂ storage or auxiliary gas-handling services. □ Aid port operations with strong IT support that is adapted to CO₂ handling operations. □ Evaluate the necessity for dedicated CO₂ handling infrastructure, shifting from flexible project-based setups to permanent or semi-permanent CO₂ loading and offloading stations. □ Establish guidelines for CO₂ offloading site selection, ensuring that locations are optimised to minimise disruption to other port operations. □ Standardise CO₂ offloading connection interfaces to enable seamless loading and unloading across various vessel types and storage solutions. □ Conduct a port-wide CO₂ pipeline feasibility study across the port to evaluate the viability of a dedicated pipeline connection between CO₂ offloading points and storage/utilisation facilities. □ Examine the feasibility of offshore CO₂ offloading terminals, especially for ports limited by onshore storage capacity. □ Assess logistics for CO₂ transhipment hubs, determining if specific ports can function as regional CO₂ aggregation points for subsequent distribution to storage sites. Optional tasks and considerations: @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 79 Level 8 objective achieved: The port supports full CO₂ shipping capabilities, and operations are successfully system-based and managed through audits, licensing, and monitoring. □ The port governance is able to support regular CO₂ loading and offloading operations controlled by safety management. □ The port's safety and regulatory framework is system-based fit for facilitating CO₂ loading and offloading operations, controlled by safety management and compliance checks. □ The port's infrastructure is system-based, fit for facilitating CO₂ loading and offloading operations. □ A growing CO₂ shipping market is developing, and the port is exploring business opportunities for CO₂ transport and utilisation. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains within level 9 are being prepared. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 80 Level 9: Integration of CO₂ transport into routine port activities and growth Level 9 Objective: To expand the market and demand for CO₂ shipping services, ensuring a competitive environment for vessel operators, CO₂ handling service providers, and CO₂ buyers while establishing CO₂ transport as a standardised and scalable operation. The strategies, tasks and measures of the domains in level 8 have been evaluated, and lessons learned are implemented. - Domain: Governance Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Licensed CO₂ handling operators provide CO₂ loading and offloading services to vessels on a regular basis. □ A plan, do, check, act (PDCA) cycle and evaluation-based system is in place for all aspects of the safety framework and CO₂ transport operations. □ Develop a network strategy to remain up to date with innovations and new trends in CO₂ transport infrastructure, carbon markets, and technical improvements for CO₂ handling and storage. □ Establish a regulatory roadmap for long-term CO₂ shipping operations that ensures alignment with international maritime regulations, carbon markets, and environmental policies. □ Establish a standardised compliance framework for CO₂ shipping at various ports, facilitating the global harmonisation of regulations and best practices. □ Establish a stakeholder advisory board for CO₂ shipping to ensure regular engagement with vessel operators, CO₂ buyers, port authorities, and regulatory bodies. (Market-driven expansion requires input from various stakeholders.) □ Enhance cross-border CO₂ shipping agreements to ensure that vessels transporting CO₂ can load or offload at multiple ports with aligned regulations. This will enable international CO₂ hubs to operate seamlessly together. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Develop key performance indicators (KPIs) for the port's environmental performance related to CO₂ shipping. □ Develop and implement a system to track all CO₂ loading and offloading operations at the port to support GHG reporting and integration with carbon markets. □ Organise an international CO₂ shipping forum to promote knowledge sharing, standardise technology, and harmonise regulations among ports engaged in CO₂ transport. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 81 □ Collaborate with international organisations (IMO, IAPH, and climate bodies) to develop CO₂ shipping certification programs for vessels and operators. □ Engage policymakers to assess possible revisions to the London Protocol that would enable greater flexibility in cross-border CO₂ transport. - Domain: Safety Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Incorporate a plan, do, check, act (PDCA) cycle in the port's safety management system to check and improve its CO₂ shipping safety framework regularly. □ Develop an international CO₂ shipping safety code to ensure all vessels and port facilities adhere to standardised operational and safety procedures. □ Integrate CO₂ shipping safety standards into current port-wide hazard management frameworks, ensuring seamless alignment with other hazardous material handling protocols. □ Require independent safety audits for CO₂ shipping service providers to ensure third-party verification of safety compliance. (Oversight extends beyond the port authority.) Optional tasks and considerations: □ Enhance safety best practices through collaboration with other ports and industry groups to refine CO₂ shipping risk mitigation strategies. □ Utilise AI-driven safety analytics to forecast and address potential risks in CO₂ shipping operations. □ Explore blockchain or digital twin technologies to enhance CO₂ shipping safety monitoring and compliance tracking. □ Investigate the risks associated with CO₂ phase changes and the potential for dry ice formation in pipelines and shipboard systems. - Domain: Infrastructure Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Ensure the port is capable of regular CO₂ loading and offloading operations, with the necessary infrastructure and capacity to handle growing demand. □ Create a roadmap for CO₂ shipping infrastructure expansion by identifying future capacity needs according to projected adoption rates. □ Establish dedicated CO₂ shipping berths and optimise port logistics to ensure efficient vessel turnaround times. □ Ensure that CO₂ shipping facilities are integrated into the broader CCUS infrastructure to allow seamless movement of CO₂ to storage or utilisation sites. Optional tasks and considerations: @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 82 □ Evaluate the feasibility of expanding CO₂ shipping infrastructure to support multiple vessels at the same time or to address emerging industry demands. □ Evaluate modular CO₂ storage solutions that permit scalable and flexible expansion to accommodate increasing demand. □ Investigate the co-location of CO₂ shipping terminals with industrial CO₂ users to facilitate direct CO₂ utilisation when feasible. □ Evaluate the logistics of CO₂ transshipment hubs, determining whether specific ports can serve as regional CO₂ aggregation points for further distribution to storage sites. - Domain: Market, supply/demand Strategies, tasks and measures: □ Assess the quality and effectiveness of the CO₂ shipping market arrangements, including the market strategy and supply chain arrangements, port incentives for supporting CO₂ transport, the port pricing strategy, and market communication. The market should support: o Multiple service providers offering CO₂ transport, o Multiple CO₂ buyers securing offloaded CO₂ for utilisation or permanent storage, o A balanced supply and demand. □ Contracts or agreements between CO₂ suppliers, vessel operators and offloading service providers. □ Ensure the port is capable of allowing stakeholders to make final investment decisions (FID) on CO₂ shipping infrastructure projects. □ Develop a financial roadmap for CO₂ shipping market expansion, ensuring clear investment pathways for new service providers and infrastructure development. □ Establish a transparent pricing structure for CO₂ shipping that benefits vessel operators, CO₂ storage providers, and carbon credit generators. (Market-based pricing is vital for the industry's growth.) □ Expand collaborations with carbon utilisation sectors to ensure a consistent demand for transported CO₂ beyond sequestration. □ Integrate CO₂ shipping into voluntary and compliance carbon markets, enabling vessel operators to monetise CO₂ transport and offloading services. Optional tasks and considerations: □ Develop a strategy to integrate CO₂ shipping with broader CCUS markets and CO₂ transport networks, ensuring long-term sustainability. □ Provide an update to relevant green corridor projects or proposals on the new status of the port as a CO₂ shipping hub. □ Assess incentives for early adopters of CO₂ shipping, such as tax benefits, port fee reductions, or emissions-based credits. @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 83 □ Examine both regional and global CO₂ shipping demand, ensuring that infrastructure and service models align with projected growth. □ Explore financing methods for CO₂ shipping expansion, such as public-private partnerships and green investment funds. □ Assess potential markets for CO₂ shipping exports, identifying regions with a high demand for CO₂ transporting CO₂ to storage sites or industrial users. Level 9 objective achieved: The port offers a competitive environment for vessels transporting CO₂, with CO₂ loading and offloading capabilities fully incorporated into regular port processes to ensure the commercial success of the port. □ The port is future-proof for vessels engaged in CO₂ transport and offloading operations. □ Port quality and safety management is future-proof and prepared for facilitating CO₂ loading and offloading operations with a robust compliance and monitoring framework. □ Port infrastructure is future-proof and prepared for facilitating calls, CO₂ loading and offloading operations, ensuring compatibility with long-term CO₂ transport and storage solutions. □ The port contains a mature market for CO₂ shipping, supporting multiple service providers and integration with carbon markets and CCUS networks. □ Confirmed @everlongccus | www.everlongccus.eu | Page 84 4 Acknowledgements The EverLoNG project is funded through the ACT programme (Accelerating CCS Technologies, Horizon2020 Project No 691712). Financial contributions have been made by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy, the Netherlands; The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, Germany; the Research Council of Norway; the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, UK; and the U.S. Department of Energy. All funders are gratefully acknowledged.