INSPIRE_T1.4 - INSPIRE_Observational Fieldwork - First version_Dataset 1_2025_04_30_v1

1 Observational Fieldwork Summaries Poland Observational site: Carried out in the Parczew district between March 15 and March 31, 2025. Observations covered various locations including public institutions, healthcare centers, local markets, employment offices, and informal social spaces. The aim was to understand local vulnerabilities and identify coping strategies employed by the community. Key Vulnerabilities Identified Economic Insecurity: Many residents face challenges related to low income, unemployment, and rising costs of living. Budget-conscious behavior was commonly observed in markets and shops. Agricultural Instability: Conversations at local markets and community spaces revealed ongoing concerns among farmers regarding animal epidemics (e.g., ASF, bird flu), inspections, and low market prices for produce and livestock. These pressures are contributing to rural economic uncertainty and stress. Generational Divide: Youth are often disengaged from traditional community life and display different behavioral patterns. While older residents seek social connection through in-person interactions, youth are often absorbed in digital devices or express interest in leaving the region. This divide may challenge community cohesion in the long term. Limited Access to Healthcare: Long waiting times and overcrowded clinics are common. Elderly residents and those unable to afford private care depend heavily on public health services. Aging Population and Demographic Shifts: The elderly dominate healthcare facilities and local shops, while youth are either disengaged or seeking opportunities elsewhere. Digital Exclusion: A significant portion of the older population continues to rely on in-person services due to limited digital literacy and trust in online systems. Poor Transportation Infrastructure: Rural residents face difficulty accessing urban centers due to irregular or unavailable public transport, which limits employment and service access. 2 Under-resourced Institutions: Observations at labor offices, clinics, and public offices point to stretched staff, limited seating, lack of digital systems, and long queues. Although personnel are often polite and helpful, systemic underfunding affects efficiency and user experience. Community Coping Strategies Social Cohesion: Local markets, community centers, and social gatherings act as vital hubs for interaction and emotional support. Older residents in particular rely on these spaces to maintain social ties. Use of Public Services: Despite their limitations, public institutions such as labor offices, post offices, and banks play a central role in daily life and support systems. Grassroots Initiatives: Events organized by local groups, such as women's associations and youth sports clubs, foster community engagement and intergenerational integration. Frugal Practices: Many residents adopt budgeting strategies, shop during promotions, and choose lower-cost alternatives to manage financial stress. Interest in Migration and Mobility: Younger people consider emigration or military service as pragmatic routes toward personal advancement. Support Through Informal Networks: Informal help and exchange of information occur in markets, clinics, post offices, and even bus stops. People often offer advice, share stories, and show empathy, reinforcing social bonds and easing everyday burdens. Engagement in Social and Cultural Activities: Institutions like the Chamomile Land heritage center or youth football matches not only offer entertainment but also strengthen local identity, preserve traditions, and engage various generations in shared experiences. Practical Adaptation to Services: Residents use in-person services strategically—timing visits to avoid crowds, preparing documents in advance, or relying on familiar staff. Some strategically coordinate multiple errands during one trip to Parczew due to transportation constraints. 3 Recommendations for Policy and Community Support Strengthen Healthcare Infrastructure: Expand access and reduce wait times through additional staffing and mobile clinics, especially in underserved rural areas. Improve Transportation and Digital Access: Introduce more reliable public transport options and promote digital literacy programs to reduce exclusion. Support Local Employment: Encourage sustainable economic development through vocational training, local entrepreneurship grants, and support for women’s economic participation. Invest in Youth Engagement: Develop programs and spaces that attract and retain young people locally, including sports, culture, and education-linked activities. 4 Romania Observational site: This summary presents the key findings from observational fieldwork conducted between March 21 and April 6, 2025, across four mountain rural communes in the pilot area of Suceava and Maramures counties from Northern part of Romania: Botiza and Ocna Șugatag (Maramures county), Panaci and Poiana Stampei (Suceava county). Observations covered local markets, town halls and central areas, public spa facilities and dispersed rural settlements. The purpose was to assess accessibility, social vulnerability, and inclusion levels within different types of public and community spaces. Key Vulnerabilities Identified Physical Accessibility Barriers: In Botiza (weekly market place) and Ocna Șugatag (public salt baths), physical infrastructure was inadequate for elderly and disabled individuals. Muddy, uneven surfaces and the absence of paved paths or ramps significantly limited access. Institutional Formalism and Limited Support: In town halls such as Botiza and Panaci, while interactions were polite, they remained formalistic and procedural, lacking proactive support for vulnerable citizens. Elderly individuals often hesitate to ask questions and struggle to complete administrative tasks without assistance. Social and Physical Isolation: In Panaci and Ocna Șugatag peripheral villates (Sat-Sugatag and Glodu), profound isolation was observed. Poor infrastructure, lack of institutional outreach, and minimal social interaction exacerbated exclusion risks for elderly residents and marginalised groups. Educational and Infrastructure Gaps in Rural Areas: In Poiana Stampei commune (Dornisoara village), despite strong motivation among children and parents, the lack of paved walkways, sheltered bus stops, and after-school programmes made accessing education and complementary services difficult. Limited Presence of Institutional Support: Across isolated and marginalised communities, particularly in villages like Sat-Sugatag (Ocna Sugatag commune) and Glodu (Panaci commune), there was a visible absence of social workers, healthcare outreach, or organised community support systems. Risk of Complete Social Exclusion: Particularly in Glodu village, the combination of aging demographics, lack of mobility, and total absence of public services created a context where minor health or mobility issues could lead to absolute isolation. 5 Latent Segregation: In Sat-Sugatag village from Ocna Sugatag commune, Roma residents experienced both physical and social segregation, with minimal integration into broader communal life and poor access to official information channels. Fragile Infrastructure and Climate Risks: Harsh weather conditions, combined with fragile transport infrastructure (e.g., unpaved, muddy roads) in mountainous areas, increase vulnerabilities and further restrict access to services, especially during winter and rainy seasons. Community Coping Strategies Resilience and Mutual Support: In all observed areas, informal mutual aid among neighbours, family members, and even strangers (as seen at Botiza commune weekly marketplace and Dornișoara village bus stop) played a critical role in overcoming everyday difficulties. Adaptation to Adverse Conditions: Residents demonstrated remarkable resilience in navigating physically difficult spaces, improvising solutions (e.g., homemade school bags, informal transportation) and adjusting behaviours to limited resources. Commitment to Education: Despite material shortages and infrastructural gaps, parents and children in Dornișoara village showed strong engagement with education, highlighting education as a perceived pathway to a better future. Use of Available Institutional Channels Where Accessible: In Poiana Stampei Town Hall, proactive and inclusive administrative practices set a positive model. Friendly staff, clear communication, and accessible premises encouraged broader civic participation. Solidarity Networks: Small-scale informal networks, such as mutual aid between market vendors, spontaneous assistance at town halls, and neighbourly support in isolated villages, continue to provide critical social buffering. Persistence and Cultural Strength: Cultural traits of perseverance, dignity, and mutual respect, particularly among elderly rural residents, strengthen community resilience even under adverse conditions. Institutional Good Practices (Where Present): Poiana Stampei Town Hall demonstrated how inclusive practices, clear communication, and barrier-free facilities can significantly improve access for vulnerable citizens. 6 Konitsa, Greece Observational site: Fifteen-day on-site research conducted in Konitsa: Konitsa Central Square, Café Mpalkonaki – Central Square, Pastry & Coffee Shop, NOSTOS Cultural Center, KEP Konitsa (Citizen Service Center), Konitsa Health Center, Women’s Association of Konitsa “Myrtali”, Konitsa Theater Group – Municipal Library, Mountaineering Club of Konitsa, Konitsa Main and Secondary Squares Main Vulnerabilities Identified Accessibility Issues in Public Services The municipal building housing social and administrative services lacks an elevator, limiting access for individuals with disabilities to upper floors. While a ramp exists for ground-floor access, this does not resolve the broader accessibility challenge. The Health Centre of Konitsa operates in an outdated building with worn furniture and facilities, reflecting broader systemic underfunding of healthcare in Greece. Patients face long waiting times for free morning appointments, and limited medical specialties are available due to staff shortages. Personnel Shortages Public services in Konitsa suffer from a lack of personnel, exacerbated by austerity measures following Greece's financial crisis. Many positions remain unfilled after retirements, impacting service delivery. This shortage is particularly evident in the municipality’s social services, which rely on the Civil Service Center (KEP) to share responsibilities like handling social benefits, especially for older citizens who struggle with digital processes. Social Disconnection and Substance Abuse A group of middle-aged men in Konitsa, unemployed and struggling with personal hardships, has turned to substance abuse (primarily alcohol). Their lack of purpose and social integration is visible in their aimless wandering through public spaces. The loss of their informal meeting space—a small square transformed into a café—has further isolated them from the community. Conservative Social Climate 7 Konitsa’s society is heavily influenced by conservative values tied to the Church and nationalist ideals. This conservatism often resists new ideas and initiatives, creating barriers for progressive groups like the Theater Group and Women’s Association. The Theater Group faces challenges performing locally due to opposition from influential conservative figures who deny them access to suitable venues. Declining Population and Limited Civic Engagement Konitsa’s proximity to borders and its declining young population contribute to a lack of civic engagement. Social initiatives like the Mountaineer Club struggle to mobilize participation despite interest from locals. Mental Health Challenges Residents of the "NOSTOS" Psychosocial Rehabilitation Unit face stigma and isolation despite efforts at reintegration into society. While the unit provides comprehensive care and skillbuilding activities, broader community acceptance remains limited. Coping Strategies Municipal Efforts The municipality has implemented local action plans to promote employment and entrepreneurship, including vocational training centers and counseling services for job seekers. Collaboration with Civil Service Center (KEP) provides administrative assistance to vulnerable groups, such as renewing unemployment cards and processing handicap benefits. Community Initiatives The newly established Theater Group perseveres despite opposition, seeking alternative venues outside Konitsa to perform their play while continuing efforts for local acceptance. The Mountaineer Club organizes excursions in nearby natural landmarks like Vikos-Aoos Geopark and Zagori Cultural Landscape, fostering appreciation for the region’s natural beauty despite low participation rates. Women Empowerment Programs The Women Association "Myrtali" actively empowers women through social activities (e.g., events on Women’s Day), traditional contributions (e.g., offering pies during festivities), excursions, and counseling sessions addressing issues like menopause and domestic abuse. 8 Cooperation with professional counseling centers in Ioannina aims to provide specialized support for women dealing with family pressures and societal expectations. Mental Health Rehabilitation The "NOSTOS" center focuses on reintegration by training residents in life skills (e.g., hygiene, cooking) and organizing group activities like art therapy, gardening, and excursions into the community. These efforts aim to reduce institutionalization and foster social connections. Healthcare Adaptations Despite systemic challenges, the Health Centre offers emergency medical services free of charge to all residents, including immigrants and tourists. A 24-hour ambulance service ensures accessibility for urgent cases. Digital Innovations KEP utilizes digital platforms like “myKEPlive” for scheduling appointments and accessing documents online, streamlining bureaucratic processes for citizens while assisting elderly individuals through representatives when needed. Key Insights The participatory observation in Konitsa reveals a complex interplay of vulnerabilities and coping mechanisms that characterize life in this small, conservative town. While the community faces significant challenges, there are also notable efforts to address these issues. Below is an expanded analysis of the conclusions, emphasizing the broader implications and potential pathways for improvement. Systemic Challenges Require Long-Term Structural Solutions Konitsa’s vulnerabilities are deeply rooted in systemic issues such as underfunded public services, personnel shortages, and the lingering effects of Greece's financial crisis. The lack of adequate staffing in municipal services and healthcare facilities directly impacts the quality of life for residents, particularly vulnerable groups like the elderly, individuals with disabilities, and those requiring mental health support. Social Isolation Undermines Community Well-Being The observation of middle-aged men wandering aimlessly through public spaces highlights a pressing social issue: the intersection of unemployment, substance abuse, and social disconnection. This group’s struggles underscore the broader challenge of reintegrating marginalized individuals into society. Conservatism as a Double-Edged Sword 9 Konitsa’s conservative nature, shaped by its proximity to borders and strong ties to the Church, both preserves traditions and creates resistance to progressive ideas. This duality is evident in the challenges faced by groups like the Theater Group, which struggles to gain acceptance for its innovative work. Women’s Empowerment as a Catalyst for Change The success of the Women Association "Myrtali" demonstrates the potential for grassroots initiatives to empower marginalized groups within conservative settings. By addressing practical issues like domestic abuse and menopause while fostering social connections through events and excursions, the association has become a beacon of hope for local women. Mental Health Rehabilitation Requires Community Integration The "NOSTOS" center provides exemplary care for individuals with mental disabilities but faces challenges in achieving full community integration for its residents. Stigma is now a less significant barrier due to efforts to involve residents in local activities. Civic Engagement Needs Revitalization Low participation rates in initiatives like the Mountaineer Club reflect a broader trend of limited civic engagement in Konitsa. This reluctance may stem from a lack of tradition in organized social activities or a sense of disconnection from collective goals. Leveraging Digital Tools to Bridge Gaps The Civil Service Center (KEP) demonstrates how digital platforms like myKEPlive can streamline bureaucratic processes and improve access to services. However, older residents often require additional support to navigate these systems. Preserving Cultural Heritage While Embracing Innovation Konitsa’s rich natural and cultural heritage offers immense potential for tourism and economic development but remains underutilized due to limited infrastructure and civic engagement. Final Thoughts Konitsa embodies both the challenges and opportunities faced by many small towns in rural Greece. While systemic issues like underfunding and conservatism pose significant barriers, grassroots initiatives such as "Myrtali" Women Association and "NOSTOS" center showcase the resilience and creativity of its residents. By addressing immediate vulnerabilities while fostering long-term structural changes, Konitsa has the potential to evolve into a more inclusive, vibrant community that balances tradition with progress. 16 Recommendations for policy and community support Improve physical accessibility and urban integration Facilitate access to essential services for people with limited mobility through adapted transportation options or mobile service delivery. Enhance coordination between local initiatives Launch a communication campaign to inform residents about available local initiatives such as the Smile Café. Promote inclusive use of outdoor and community spaces Open the LADAPT garden for occasional use by the local community through co-organised events, children’s workshops, or shared gardening activities. Use the riverbank path as a structured activity space for guided walks, inclusion programs, or art therapy workshops. Reinforce local social investment Advocate at municipal and departmental levels for sustained or increased funding for inclusion policies, especially for youth and disabled people. Encourage policy makers to adopt a proactive approach to inclusion (supporting social experimentation, and community-driven initiatives). 17 Košice and Surroundings, Slovakia Observational site: The observational fieldwork was conducted across ten diverse locations in Košice and its peri-urban and rural surroundings between March 18 and March 28, 2025: Urban Library & Shopping Center (SK05), Hospital Environments (SK03), Main Bus Station & Public Transport Nodes (SK04), City Center and Promenade (SK06), Peri-Urban Leisure Zones and Malls (SK07), Rural and Peri-Urban Charity & Social Centers (SK08), Roma Crisis Center and Public Transport Observation (SK09), Oáza Shelter for the Homeless (SK10), Village Crisis and Community Settings (SK01, SK02), Hospitals, Outpatient and Rehabilitation Settings (SK01, SK02). Main Vulnerabilities Identified Gaps in Accessibility and Infrastructure Despite technical claims of 'barrier-free' infrastructure, real-life conditions frequently expose critical gaps. Issues such as platform mismatches at bus stations, missing ramps, long internal hospital distances, and outdated facilities hinder access for people with disabilities and homeless individuals. Inequitable Public Behavior and Passive Discrimination Support and sensitivity toward vulnerable populations vary significantly. Wheelchair users sometimes receive assistance, while individuals with less visible disabilities (e.g., spastic gait) are ignored. Roma individuals often face avoidance or fear-based reactions from the public, contributing to their exclusion. Inconsistent Health and Transport Support Healthcare facilities often fail to follow up with post-operative patients, especially homeless individuals. Public transport systems do not meet the mobility needs of disabled users due to design flaws and lack of staff training or engagement. Limited Social and Leisure Opportunities People with disabilities lack access to inclusive and accessible leisure activities, particularly in periurban and rural zones. Bullying, absence of staff support, and inaccessible infrastructure prevent meaningful participation. Social Segregation and Stigma Roma communities and individuals with mental health issues face strong social exclusion. Observed interactions show that cross-group dialogue is minimal, with avoidance behaviors and institutional neglect deepening segregation. 18 Emotional and Critical Incidents Fieldwork uncovered distressing incidents: a man left in underwear post-surgery; a child with a disability unsupported in a play zone; a disabled youth freezing before boarding a bus. These moments highlight failures in dignity, safety, and empathy. Coping Strategies Supportive Individuals and Informal Networks In several settings, individuals from the public offered spontaneous support—for example, to a girl with Down syndrome in a café or a child in a play zone. Such acts of empathy suggest potential for grassroots solidarity. Structured Rehabilitation and Day Centers Facilities like the 'NOSTOS' center or Roma day centers provide structured daily activities, emotional support, and rehabilitation services. These centers aim to integrate marginalized individuals by developing life skills and reducing institutionalization. Inclusive Public Models Certain inclusive public venues (e.g., cafés welcoming to individuals with disabilities) serve as positive models. They offer safe, relaxing spaces for social interaction and community bonding. Rural and Peri-Urban Community Initiatives Though limited, some community programs and charity centers work toward supporting homeless and disabled individuals. Initiatives include basic services, daytime shelter, and emotional respite.