Language Challenges in Kerala State Tamil-Medium Education: Biology Curriculum

http://www.shanlaxjournals.com 53 £UP® Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research Language Challenges in Kerala State Tamil-Medium Education: Biology Curriculum R. Muthukumar Research Scholar, Department of Tamil University College, Trivandrum, Kerala Dr. P. Santhi Professor, Department of Tamil University College, Trivandrum, Kerala Abstract This study was conducted on the topic of Language Issues in the Biology Syllabus of Kerala Higher Secondary Tamil Medium Educatio Tamil medium schools are operating in districts like Idukki, Palakkad, and Thiruvananthapuram in the state of Kerala. Students in these schools study biology in Tamil. However, the textbooks provided by the Kerala State Education Department are first prepared in Malayalam and then translated into Tamil. This translation practice creates various problems. This research article aims to point out these problems and address them. Keywords: Rod Cell, Cone Cell, Photosynthesise References 1. Kerala Government – Tamil-Medium Biology Textbooks for Higher Secondary Schools, Classes 8, 9, and 10. 2. Ariviyal Kalachol Kalanjiyam – Author: Manavai Mustafa, Meera Publications, Chennai. 3. Ariviyal Tamil – Dr. V. C. Kuzhandaichami, Bharathi Publications, Chennai. 4. Tamil Nadu Government – Higher Secondary Biology Textbook. ©»º: 10 ]Ó¨¤uÌ: 1 ©õu®: AU@hõ£º Á¸h®: 2025 P-ISSN: 2454-3993 E-ISSN: 2582-2810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.17346640 £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ 54 £UP® ÷PµÍ E¯º{ø» ÁS¨¦ uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ E°›¯À £õhzvmhzvÀ ö©õÈa ]UPÀPÒ µ. •zxS©õº •øÚÁº £mh B#Áõͺ £ÀPø»U PÇPUPÀ¿›, v¸ÁÚ¢u¦µ®, ÷PµÍõ •øÚÁº £. \õ¢v ÷£µõ]›¯º, uªÌzxøÓ £ÀPø»U PÇPUPÀ¿›, v¸ÁÚ¢u¦µ®, ÷PµÍõ B#Äa_¸UP® ÷PµÍ E¯º{ø» ÁS¨¦ uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ E°›¯À £õhzvmhzvÀ ö©õÈa ]UPÀPÒ GßÓ uø»¨¤À CÆÁõ#Ä •ßöÚkUP¨£mhx. ÷PµÍ ©õ{»zvÀ CkUQ, £õ»UPõk, v¸ÁÚ¢u¦µ® ÷£õßÓ ©õÁmh[PÎÀ uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ £ÒÎPÒ C¯[SQßÓÚ. C¨£ÒÎPÎÀ ©õnÁºPÒ E°›¯À £õhzøu uªÈÀ PØQßÓÚº. BÚõÀ, ÷PµÍ ©õ{» PÀÂzxøÓ°¼¸¢x ÁÇ[P¨£k® £õh¨¦zuP[PÒ •u¼À ©ø»¯õÍzvÀ u¯õ›UP¨£mk ¤ßÚº uªÊUS ö©õÈö£¯ºUP¨£kQßÓÚ. C¢u ö©õÈö£¯º¨¦ |øh•øÓ £À÷ÁÖ ]UPÀPøÍ E¸ÁõUSQÓx. C¢u ]UPÀPøÍ _miU PõmkÁuõPÄ®, AuøÚ \›ö\#²® Âu©õPÄ® C¢u B#Ä Pmkøµ Aø©QÓx. Pø»aö\õØPÒ: Sa] ö\À, T®¦ ö\À, JÎa÷\ºUøP •ßÝøµ PÀ Gߣx ©Ûu ÁõÌÂß Ai¨£øhz ÷uøÁPÎÀ JßÓõS®. EnÄ, Eøh, C¸¨¤h® BQ¯ EhÀ ÷uøÁPÒ ÷£õ»÷Á, PÀ Gߣx AÔÄz ÷uøÁPøÍ {øÓ÷ÁØÖ® Azv¯õÁ]¯ TÓõS®. PÀ ©ÛuøÚ AÔÁõίõP, vÓø©¯õ͵õP ©mk©À»õ©À \‰PzvÀ ÂȨ¦nºÄhß ÁõÇ øÁUS® \Uv¯õPÄ® ÂÍ[SQÓx. PÀ°¯À GÚ¨£k® xøÓ PÀ塧 ÷Põm£õkPÒ, PؤzuÀ |øh•øÓPÒ, PØÓÀ •øÓPÒ BQ¯ÁØøÓ Bµõ#¢x ÂÍUSQÓx. PÀ塧 •UQ¯ P¸Â ö©õÈ GߣuõÀ, PØÓ¼ß AøÚzx £›©õn[Pξ® ö©õÈ ö£¸® £[S ÁQUQÓx. ö©õÈ ÁÇUQÀ ]UPÀPÒ ÷uõßÖ® ÷£õx, AuÚõÀ PÀ |øh•øÓ £õvUP¨£kQÓx. C¢u {ø»°À, ÷PµÍ ©õ{»zvÀ EÒÍ uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ £ÒÎPÎÀ, SÔ¨£õP E¯º{ø» ÁS¨¦ E°›¯À £õh¨¦zuP[PÎÀ ©ø»¯õÍzv¼¸¢x uªÊUS ö©õÈö£¯ºUS® ÷£õx E¸ÁõS® ]UPÀPÒ ªS¢u Bµõ#a]US›¯uõQßÓÚ. ÷PµÍ ©õ{»zvÀ uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ塧 {ø»ø© ÷PµÍ ©õ{»® C¢v¯õÂß PÀ •ß÷Úõi¯õÚ ©õ{»©õPU P¸u¨£kQÓx. BÚõÀ A[S ©ø»¯õÍ ö©õÈ÷¯ PÀÂ, {ºÁõP®, \‰P EÓÄPÒ BQ¯ÁØÔÀ •ußø© ö£ÖQÓx. GÛÝ® CkUQ, £õ»UPõk, v¸ÁÚ¢u¦µ® ÷£õßÓ ©õÁmh[PÎÀ ö£¸©ÍÂÀ uªÇºPÒ Si°¸¢x Á¸QßÓÚº. CÁºPÎß ¤ÒøÍPÒ u[PÒ uõ# ö©õÈ°÷»÷¯ http://www.shanlaxjournals.com 55 £UP® Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research PÀ PØP ÷Ásk® GßÓ GsnzuõÀ uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ £ÒÎPÎÀ ÷\ºUP¨ £kQßÓÚº. ÷PµÍzvÀ ö\¯À£mk Á¸® uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ £ÒÎPÒ, uªÇPzxhß J¨¤køP°À SøÓÁõP C¸¢uõ¾®, AøÁ A[S Á]US® uªÇºPÎß Aøh¯õÍU PõÁ»ºPÍõP vPÌQßÓÚ. ]Ó¨£õP CkUQ ©õÁmhzvÀ ÷u°ø»z ÷uõmh[PÎÀ £o¦›²® uªÌ Sk®£[PÒ u[PÒ SÇ¢øuPøÍ uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ £ÒÎPÐUS Aݨ¦Áx SÔ¨¤hzuUPx. £õ»UPõk GÀø»¨ £SvPÎÀ uªÇºPÎß AvP£m\U Si÷¯ØÓ® C¸¨£uõÀ A[S® uªÌ £ÒÎPÒ ö\¯À£kQßÓÚ. A÷u÷£õÀ v¸ÁÚ¢u¦µ® ÷£õßÓ |Pº¨¦Ó £SvPξ® ]Ô¯ AÍÂÀ uªÌ £ÒÎPÒ EÒÍÚ. BÚõÀ, C¢u¨ £ÒÎPÐö\ßÖ uÛ¯õP¨ £õh¨¦zuP[PÒ u¯õ›UP¨ £kÁvÀø». ©ø»¯õÍzvÀ u¯õ›UP¨£k® £õh¨¦zuP[PÒ, SÔ¨£õP AÔ¯À £õh[PÒ, uªÈÀ ö©õÈö£¯ºzx ÁÇ[P¨£kQßÓÚ. Cx÷Á ö©õÈa ]UPÀPÎß •ußø©¯õÚ Põµn©õQÓx. ö©õÈö£¯º¨¦ |øh•øÓ ©ØÖ® ]UPÀPÒ AÔ¯À ö\õØPÎß ]UPÀ E°›¯À ÷£õßÓ £õh[PÎÀ ö£¸®£õ»õÚ ö\õØPÒ B[Q»zvÀ E¸ÁõUP¨£mhøÁ. AÁØøÓ ©ø»¯õÍ® ÁȯõP uªÈÀ ©õØÖ®÷£õx, ö©õÈ ©õØÓ® ö\#¯¨£hõ©À J¼©õØÓ® ©mk÷© ö\#¯¨£kQÓx. Euõµn©õP ©Ûu Psøn £ØÔ £iUS® ö£õÊx rod cell, cone cell GßÓ ö\õÀø» uªÈÀ Sa] ö\À, T®¦ ö\À GßÖ TÓ»õ®. BÚõÀ ÷PµÍ E°›¯À £õh¨¦zuPzvÀ ÷µõk ö\À, ÷Põß ö\À GßÖ ÷|µi¯õP÷Á Ch¨£kÁuõÀ ©õnÁºPÒ SǨ£® AøhQßÓÚº. ÷PµÍ Aµ]ß E¯º{ø»U PÀ E°›¯À £õh¨¦zuPzøu ©ø»¯õÍ ö©õÈ°À C¸¢x uªÊUS ö©õÈ ö£¯ºUP¨£k® ö£õÊx ]» Ch[PÎÀ ©ø»¯õÍ® ö©õÈ ©õØÓ® ö\#¯¨£hõ©À ÷|µi¯õP÷Á öPõkUP¨£kQÓx. Cuß Põµn©õP PؤUS® B]›¯¸US® ©õnÁºPÐUS® Cøh÷¯ ¦›¢x öPõÒÁvÀ ]UPÀPÒ HØ£kQßÓÚ. ö©õÈ ©õØÓ® \›¯õÚ •øÓ°À ö\#¯¨ £hõuuõÀ uªÌ ö©õÈ°ß £¯ß£õk SøÓQÓx. ÁõUQ¯ Aø©¨¤ß ]UPÀ ©ø»¯õÍ ÁõUQ¯ Aø©¨¦, uªÈß C¯À£õÚ ÁõUQ¯ Aø©¨¤¼¸¢x ©õÖ£mkÒÍx. AuøÚ ÷|µi¯õP ö©õÈö£¯ºzuõÀ, ©õnÁºPÐUS ¦›¯ •i¯õu ]UP»õÚ ÁõUQ¯[PÒ E¸ÁõQßÓÚ. Euõµn©õP, ‘The cell is the structural and func tional unit of life’ GßÓ ÁõUQ¯® ©ø»¯õÍzvÀ C¸¢x uªÊUS “E°›ß Aø©¨¦ ©ØÖ® ö\¯À£õmiß A»S ö\À»õS®” GßÖ uÁÓõP ö©õÈö£¯ºUP¨£kÁxsk. \›¯õÚ ÁiÁ®: “E°›ß Ai¨£øh Aø©¨¦ ©ØÖ® ö\¯À£õmk A»S ö\À BS®”. Cx÷£õßÓ £» ÁõUQ¯ Aø©¨¦PÎÀ ]UPÀPÒ CßÓ;® Põn¨£mk Á¸QßÓÚ. B]›¯ºPÐUS HØ£k® ]UPÀPÒ ö©õÈö£¯º¨¦ uÁÖPÒ Põµn©õP, B]›¯ºPÒ ©õnÁºPÐUS £õhzøu GÎø©¨£kzu AvP ÷|µzøu ö\»Âh ÷Ási²ÒÍx. ]» ö\õØPÒ uÁÓõP ö©õÈ ö£¯ºUP¨£mhuõÀ, B]›¯ºPÒ B[Q» ¦zuP[PøÍ £õºzx ÂÍUP ÷Ási¯ {ø» E¸ÁõQÓx. ©ø»¯õÍa `ǼÀ ÁõÊ® ©õnÁºPÐUS uªÌ E°›¯À ö\õØPÒ ¦vuõPz £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ 56 £UP® ÷uõßÖÁuõÀ, AÁºPÒ £»•øÓ ÂÍUPU ÷PÒÂPøÍ Gʨ¦QßÓÚº. CuÚõÀ B]›¯ºPÒ ]µ©¨£kQßÓÚº. ©õnÁºPÐUS HØ£k® ]UPÀPÒ £õh¨ ¦zuP[PÎÀ EÒÍ uÁÓõÚ ö©õÈö£¯º¨¦ Põµn©õP ©õnÁºPÒ •UQ¯U P¸zxPøͨ ¦›¢xöPõÒÍ •i¯õ©À ÷£õQßÓÚº. ÷uºÂÀ xÀ¼¯©õÚ £vÀPøÍ GÊu •i¯õuuõÀ ©v¨ö£sPÒ SøÓQßÓÚ. uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ ©õnÁºPÒ, ¤ßÚº E¯ºPÀ £i¨¦PÎÀ ÷\¸®÷£õx ö©õÈa ]UP»õÀ u[PøÍ ¤ßu[Q¯ÁºPÒ GßÖ Gsq QßÓÚº.PØÓ¼ß «uõÚ BºÁ® SøÓ¢x, B[Q»® AÀ»x ©ø»¯õÍ® ÁÈU PÀ ÷|õUQ ©õÓz öuõh[SQßÓÚº. ]UPÀPÐUS wºÄPÒ uªÈÀ AÔ¯À £õh¨¦zuP[PøÍ ö©õÈö£¯º¨£uØPõP uªÌ AÔbºPÒ, AÔ¯À {¦nºPÒ, ö©õÈö£¯º¨¦ ÁÀ¾|ºPÒ BQ÷¯õº öPõsh SÊøÁ Aø©zuÀ AÁ]¯®. ‰ßÖ ö©õÈU øP÷¯k AÔ¯À £õhaö\õØPøÍ ©ø»¯õÍ® & uªÌ & B[Q»® BQ¯ ‰ßÖ ö©õÈPξ® ÂÍUS® øP÷¯kPÒ ©õnÁºPÐUS® B]›¯ºPÐUS® ÁÇ[P¨£h ÷Ásk®. B]›¯ºPÐUPõÚ ]Ó¨¦¨ £°Ø] ÷PµÍ Aµ_, uªÌ B]›¯ºPÐUPõÚ ]Ó¨¦ ÁS¨¦PøÍ HØ£õk ö\#x, ö©õÈö£¯º¨¦ ]UPÀPøÍ G¨£i \› ö\#Áx Gߣøu PØÖz uµ ÷Ásk®. ©õnÁºPÐUS TkuÀ ÁÍ[PÒ Gί uªÈÀ GÊu¨£mh ÂÍUPU SÔ¨¦PÒ, Áøµ£h[PÒ, PõönõÎ £õh[PÒ ÷£õßÓÁØøÓ ©õnÁºPÐUS ÁÇ[P ÷Ásk®. Aµ_ ©ØÖ® PÀÂzxøÓ £[PΨ¦ ÷PµÍ Aµ_, uªÇºPÎß PÀÂz ÷uøÁø¯ P¸zvÀ öPõsk, uÛzx¨ uªÌ £õh¨¦zuP[PøÍ E¸ÁõUS® •¯Ø]PøÍ ÷©ØöPõÒÍ ÷Ásk®. •iÄøµ ö©õÈ Gߣx PÀ塧 E°µõS®. ÷PµÍ ©õ{»zvÀ uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ ©õnÁºPÒ GvºöPõÒЮ ö©õÈa ]UPÀPÒ, AÁºPÎß PÀ •ß÷ÚØÓzøu÷¯ £õvUPU Ti¯øÁ. ©ø»¯õÍzv¼¸¢x uªÊUS ö©õÈ ö£¯ºUP¨£mh £õh¨¦zuP[PÎÀ Põn¨£k® SøÓPÒ, ©õnÁºPÒ ©ØÖ® B]›¯ºPÒ GvºöPõÒЮ ¤µa]øÚPÎß ‰»UPõµn©õP EÒÍÚ. GÚ÷Á uµ©õÚ ö©õÈö£¯º¨¦, ‰ßÖ ö©õÈU øP÷¯k, B]›¯º £°Ø], Aµ_ BuµÄ ÷£õßÓ £À÷ÁÖ •¯Ø] PÒ J¸[Qøn¢x ö\¯À£mhõÀ, C¢u ]UPÀPÒ wºUP¨£h •i²®. Cuß ‰»®, uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ塧 uµ•®, uªÌ ©õnÁºPÎß PÀ •ß÷ÚØÓ•® EÖv¯õS®. xøn¡Ø £mi¯À 1. ÷PµÍ Aµ_ uªÌ ÁÈU PÀ E¯º{ø»¨£ÒÎ E°›¯À £õh¨ ¦zuP[PÒ. ÁS¨¦ 8,9,10. 2. AÔ¯À Pø»aö\õÀ PÍg]¯®. B]›¯º ©nøÁ •ìu£õ. «µõ £v¨£P®. ö\ßøÚ 3. AÔ¯À uªÌ. hõUhº. Áõ. ö\. SÇ¢øu\õª. £õµv £v¨£P®. ö\ßøÚ 4. uªÇP Aµ_ ÷©À{ø»¨£ÒÎ E°›¯À £õh¨ ¦zuP®.