Full text
öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ 128 £UP® £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ Women Labourers in the Works of So. Dharman V. Usha Pristrya Wilson Full-Time Ph.D. Research Scholar (Reg. No. 22213154022019) Department of Tamil, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli Dr. N. Nisha Nevis Assistant Professor, Department of Tamil S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli Abstract In the present era, due to the advancement of civilization and technology, the participation of women in all sectors of society has become natural. The influence and involvement of young women have significantly increased. Yet, domestic responsibilities—such as household chores, child care, meeting family needs, and washing clothes—are still regarded as women’s duties alone. Because of poverty, women are forced to take up wage labour, work in construction, engage in plantation work, agricultural labour, and even dangerous tasks in firework factories. Poverty also compels young girls to work in beedi-rolling and fireworks industries from an early age. Despite performing the same tasks as men, women are paid lower wages. Before the onset of industrialization, agriculture formed the foundation of society. Women, like men, took part in cattle rearing, feeding livestock, and other agricultural duties. However, even today, society continues to treat women as subordinates. Balancing family responsibilities while advancing in the workforce remains a major challenge for women. Similarly, So. Dharman’s novels Koogai and Thoorvai highlight women’s subjugation and the injustices inflicted upon them. His works reveal the struggles of female labourers and critique the social structures that perpetuate inequality. Keywords: So. Dharman, Landlord, Thoorvai, Koogai References 1. Kapilasan, P. Narrative Structure in Nattrinai, MJ Publications House, 2002. 2. So. Dharman. Koogai, Adaiyalam Publications, 2020. 3. So. Dharman. Thoorvai, Adaiyalam Publications, 2017. 4. Thiru. V. Kalyanasundaranar. The Greatness of Women, Tamil Mann Publications, Chennai, 2006. 5. Puliyur Kesigan. Kurunthogai – Text and Interpretation, Sri Chenba Publications, 2020. 6. Maury Drilin Court. Women and Power in History. 7. Imayam Krishnan. Women Through the Ages, Kalachuvadu Publications, 2014. 8. Venkatasamy Nattar. Akananuru – Text and Interpretation, Samatha Publications, 2019. ©»º: 10 ]Ó¨¤uÌ: 1 ©õu®: AU@hõ£º Á¸h®: 2025 P-ISSN: 2454-3993 E-ISSN: 2582-2810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.17346686
http://www.shanlaxjournals.com 129 £UP® Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research ÷\õ.uº©ß £øh¨¦PÎÀ ö£s öuõÈ»õͺPÒ Â. Eåõ ¤›èi¯õ ÂÀ\ß £vÄGs. 22213154022019, •Ê÷|µ •øÚÁº £mh B#Áõͺ uªÌUPø» B#ÁP®, öu.v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ ©÷Úõß©o¯® _¢uµÚõº £ÀPø»UPÇP®, v¸ö|À÷Á¼ •øÚÁº ÷|. {åõ ÷|Âì Eu¨ ÷£µõ]›¯º, uªÌUPø» B#ÁP® öu.v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ ©÷Úõß©o¯® _¢uµÚõº £ÀPø»UPÇP®, v¸ö|À÷Á¼ B#Äa_¸UP® CßøÓ¯ Põ»PmhzvÀ |õPŸP ©ØÖ® öuõÈÀ ~m£ Áͺa]°ß Põµn©õP GÀ»õ xøÓPξ® ö£sPÎß £[PΨ¦ C¯À£õQÂmhx. CÍ®ö£sPÎß ö\ÀÁõUS® Dk£õk® AvP›zxÂmhx. C¸¨¤Ý® Sk®£ ÷Áø»PøÍ _©¨£x, SÇ¢øuPøÍ £µõ©›¨£x, Sk®£zvÚ›ß ÷uøÁPøÍ {øÓ÷ÁØÖÁx, xoPøÍ \»øÁ ö\#Áx ÷£õßÓ AøÚzx ÷Áø»PøÍ²® ö£sPÐU÷P Gß÷Ó JxUQ øÁzxÒÍÚº. Sk®£ ÁÖø©°ß Põµn©õP ö£sPÒ T¼ ÷Áø» £õº¨£x, Pmhh ÷Áø»US ö\ÀÁx, ÷uõmhz öuõÈÀ ö\#Áx, ÷ÁÍõsø© ö\#Áx® ©ØÖ® £mhõ_ öuõÈØ\õø»°À ÷Áø» ö\#Áx ÷£õßÓ B£zuõÚ ÷Áø»PøÍ²® ö\#x Á¸QßÓÚº. ÁÖø©°ß Põµn©õP ]ÖªPøÍ²® ]ÖÁ¯v÷»÷¯ ¥i _ØÖÁx, £mhõ_ Bø»PÎÀ ÷Áø»PøÍ²® voUQßÓÚº. ö£sPÒ ö\#QßÓ GÀ»õ ÷Áø»PÐUS® BsPøÍ Âh SøÓÁõÚ Fv¯÷© ÁÇ[P¨£kQÓx. öuõÈÀ xøÓ°À ¦µm] HØ£k® •ßÚ÷µ |® \‰P©õÚx ÂÁ\õ¯zøu÷¯ ‰»©õP öPõsi¸¢ux. ö£sPÒ AøÚÁ¸® BsPøÍ¨ ÷£õ»÷Á PõÀ|øhPøÍ £µõ©›¨£x, AÁØÔØS wÁÚ® CkÁx ÷£õßÓ AøÚzx ÷Áø»PøÍ²® •ßöÚkzx ö\#xÁ¢uÚº. C¸¨¤Ý® Ca\‰P©õÚx ö£sPøÍ J¸ Aiø©¯õP÷Á |hzv Á¸QßÓÚº. Sk®£ £õµ[PøÍ²® _©¢xöPõsk öuõÈÀ xøÓ°¾® •ß÷ÚÖÁx Gߣx ö£sPÐUS \Áõ»õP÷Á Põn¨£kQÓx. CuøÚ¨ ÷£õ»÷Á TøP ©ØÖ® yºøÁ BQ¯ |õÁÀPÎÀ ö£s Aiø©zuÚ® ©ØÖ® ö£sPÐUS GvµõP CøÇUP¨£k® A}vPøÍ ÷\õ.uº©ß _miUPõmi²ÒÍõº. SÔ¨¦a ö\õØPÒ: ÷\õ.uº©ß, {» Ehø©¯õͺ, yºøÁ, TøP •ßÝøµ E»P Áµ»õØÔÀ|õ÷hõi ÁõÌUøP •øÓ°ßPõ»®öuõmk÷ÁuPõ»®Áøµ ö£sPÐUöPÚuÛ_u¢vµ®E›ø©PÒ ö£ØÔ¸¢uÚº. ¤ß¦ £i¨£i¯õP E›ø©PÒ SøÓ¯z öuõh[Q ¤ß ©ÖUP¨£mkÒÍÚ. uÛ©Ûu ÷uøÁPøÍ {øÓ÷ÁØÔU öPõÒЮ ö£õ¸mk ÷£õmi ©Ú¨£õßø© {»Â¯x. GÚ÷Á ÷uøÁ²®, §ºzv Aøh¢u¾® AvP ÂøÍz vÓÝ® ©õÔ ©õÔ ÷uõßÔuÛ©ÛuEØ£zv÷ÁmøPø¯ ysi¯x. GÚ÷Á AÍÄUS AvP©õÚ _µsh¾®©ÛuøÚBmöPõÒÍ»õ°Ú. EØ£zv¯õ͸US®, _µshÀ PõµºPÐUS® Cøh°À ]UQz uÂUS® Áõ̯À ÷£õµõmh[PÐUSÒö£söuõÈ»õͺPÒ BÍõQ £õv¨¦US EÒÍõQßÓÚº.
öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ 130 £UP® £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ GÚ÷Á A¨ö£s öuõÈ»õͺPÎß ÁõÌÂÀ HØ£mh ©õØÓ[PÐUSÒ Áß•øÓUSBÍõQ²®,ÁÖø©x¯›ß ¤i°À ]USsh ußø©ø¯²® Bµõ#Á÷uCUPmkøµ°ß÷|õUP©õS®. ÷ÁuPõ»zvÀö£söuõÈ»õͺPÒ ÷Áu Põ»zvÀ ö£sPÒ ö£›x® ÷£õØÓ¨£mhÚº. Sk®£ Áõ̾®, \•uõ¯Áõ̾®,AÁºPÐUS©v¨¦ C¸¢ux. AUPõ»zvÀ BsPÐUS {Pµõ# ö£sPЮ £» xøÓPÎÀ \© E›ø©ö£ØÖÂÍ[QÚº. Á¯xUSÁ¢uö£sPÒu®Â¸¨£¨ £iv¸©n®ö\#xöPõÒЮE›ø© C¸¢uø©ø¯›U÷Áu®SÔ¨¤kQÓx. £ug\¼,£õz¯õÚõºBQ÷¯õº÷Áu Põ»zvÀö£sPÒPÀÂPØÖ]Ó¢uø©ø¯ SÔ¨¤mkÒÍÚº. (ö£soß ö£¸ø©, £U, 32,33) GßÖ GkzxøµUS® v¸.Â.P.Âß P¸zxUPÒ ÷Áu Põ»zvÀ ö£sPÒ, BqUS \©©õP ©vUP¨£mhø©ø¯ GkzxøµUQÓx. ¤ß÷ÁuPPõ»zvÀö£sPÐUPõÚ PÀ©ÖUP¨£mhx.ö£sPÒ CÀ»Ó Phø©PøÍ BØÖÁ÷u AÁºPÐUPõÚ Phø© GßÝ® Aiø© {ø» E¸ÁõÚx. ö£sPÒ ÷£_¨ ö£õ¸ÍõP Gsn¨£mh ]¢uøÚ CUPõ»zvÀ uõß ÷uõßÔ°¸UP÷Ásk®. ÂøÚ÷¯BhÁºUSE°ºÁõquÀ ©øÚ²øÓ©PθUSAÆÁõõhÁº (SÖ,£õ.9) GßÖ \[PPõ» ö£sPÒ BhÁºPøÍ÷¯ u[PÒE°µõP {øÚzx •ßÛÖzv ÷£õØÔ¯ø©ø¯AÔ¯»õ®. ©UPÒ {ø»¯õÚ ÁõÌÂhzøu Aø©zx ÂÁ\õ¯® ö\#¯ öuõh[Q¯ ÷£õx, ö£sPÒ öuõÈØP¸ÂPÒ, AoP»ßPÒö\#²®AÔøÁö£ØÓÚº. \•uõ¯ ÁõÌUøPUPõPz u[PøÍ u¯õº£kzvU öPõshÚº. CzuøP¯ ÁõÌ÷Á ö£sPøÍ Aiø© {ø»US Cmka ö\ßÓx. (Põ»®¢÷uõÖ® ö£sPÒ, £. 21) GßÓ Cµõá® Q¸ènÛß P¸zx]¢vUPzuUPx. \[PPõ»zvÀö£söuõÈ»õͺPÒ \[P Põ»zvÀ ÁõÌ¢u ©UPÒ {»[PøÍ IÁøP¯õP ¤›zx A¢{»[PÐUS HØ£ öuõÈÀPøÍ Aø©zxU öPõshÚº. SÔg] {»¨ ö£sPÒ vøn¨¦n® Põzuø©²®, ©¸u{»¨ ö£sPÒ EÇÄ öuõÈÀ ÷©ØöPõshø©ø¯²®, ö|#uÀ {» ö£sPÒ«ßPøÍE»ºzx®£o°øÚ ÷©ØöPõshø©ø¯²®AÔ¯•iQßÓx. ö£¸}ºAÊÁzxG¢øuu¢øu öPõʪßEn[PÒ£k¦ÒJ¨¤¯ (|ØÔ,£õ.33Á›13) GßÓAP|õÞØÖ£õhÀÁ›PÒö|#uÀ {» ö£sPÎß u¢øu öPõsk Á¢x ÷\ºzu«ßPøÍE»ºzx®£oPξ®, «ßPøÍÂØS®£oPξ®ö£sPÒ Dk£mhø©¯AÔ¯•iQßÓx. \[PPõ» ö£sPÒ ö|\Äz öuõÈÀ ©ØÖ®\»øÁzöuõÈÀö\#uø©ø¯, BÎÀö£siºuõÎÀö\#u ~n[S~s£qÁÀ (AP®,£õ,24Á›11&12) GßÓ £õhÀ Á›PÎß ‰»•® AÔ¯ •iQßÓx.BsPÐUS{PµõPAøÚzx ÷Áø»Pξ® ö£sPÒ Dk£mi¸UQßÓÚº Gߣøu²® Sk®£zøu²® ]Ó¨£õP ÁÈ |hzv C¸UQßÓÚº. Gߣøu²® öu›¢x öPõÒÍ•iQÓx. |ÃÚPõ»zvÀö£söuõÈ»õͺPÒ uªÇPzvÀB[Q÷»¯ºBm]Põ»zvÀ QÔìuÁ \©¯® |õöh[S® £µÂ
http://www.shanlaxjournals.com 131 £UP® Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research PÀÂUS•UQ¯zxÁ®öPõkzux.Cuß £¯ÚõPPÀÂPØÓÁºPÎßGsoUøP ö£¸Q¯x. PÀ AÔÂÚõÀ \•uõ¯ ©õØÓ®HØ£hÁÈQøhzux.CUPõ» PmhzvÀ Aiø©zuÚzv¼¸¢x Âk£mk PÀÂPØÓö£sPÒ÷Áø»Áõ#¨¤øÚ ö£ØÓuõÀ AÁºPÎß Áõ̯À `ÇÀPÒ ©õØÓ©øh¢uÚ. BsPЮ, ö£sPЮ\©®GßÓ{ø»E¸ÁõÚx. ö£sPÒ PÀ Áõ#¨¤øÚ ö£ØÖ £o¯õØÔ¯xhßö£õ¸ÍõuõµÁͺa]US® AiU÷Põ¼Úº ©¸zxÁ®, PÀÂ, ö£õÔ°¯À,\mh®,ÂÁ\õ¯®•u»õÚ xøÓPÎÀö£sPÎߣ[PΨ¦ö£¸Q¯x. öuõÈÀ xøÓPÎÀ ©mkªÀ»õ©À E¯º¢u £uÂPξ® Bm] AvPõµ[Pξ® £[Sö£Ö® AÍÄ ö£sPÒ ÁõÌUøP°À E¯º¢xÒÍÚº. ÷\õ.uº©ß £øh¨¦PÎÀ ö£s öuõÈ»õͺPÒ {» Ehø©¯õͺPÎh® ÂÁ\õ¯ öuõÈÀ ¦›²® ö£sPÒ £»º £o ¦›QßÓÚº.{»Ehø©¯õͺPÐUS®, ÂÁ\õ¯ T¼PÐUS® Cøh÷¯¯õÚ ]UPÀPÒ }sh Põ»©õP C¸¢x Á¸QßÓÚ. CuøÚ ø©¯©õPU öPõsk yºøÁ, TøP BQ¯ |õÁÀPÎÀ B]›¯º £vÄ ö\#v¸UQÓõº. _µshÀPÒ ©ÛuºPÒ u[PÐUPõÚ ÁõÌUøPz ÷uøÁø¯ {øÓÄ ö\#²® ö£õ¸mk £o¯õØÖQßÓÚº.EøÇUQßÓ`ǼÀ öPõkUS® Fv¯zvØS AvP©õÚ EøÇ¨¤øÚEÔg_uÀAÀ»xAvP÷|µ EøÇ¨¤øÚÁõ[QSøÓ¢uFv¯zøu öPõkzuÀ BQ¯Ú _µshÀPÍõP P¸u¨£kQßÓÚ. ÷\õ.uº©Ûß £øh¨¦PÎÀö£söuõÈ»õͺPÎß EøÇ¨¦_µshÀPøÍÂÍUQ²ÒÍõº. ö£sPÎß EøÇ¨¦ _µsh¨£kÁx Põ»®, Põ»©õP |øh•øÓ°À Esø©ø¯ ªPÄ® ~m£©õÚ {PÌÄPÒ öPõsk GkzxU Põmh¨£kQÓx. £øh¨£õͺ_mi²ÒÍöuõÈØ PÍ[PÎÀ ö£s öuõÈ»õͺPÒ EøÇ¨¦ _µsh¨£kÁøuRÌPõq®ÁøPPÎÀ ¤›UP»õ®. AvP©õÚEøÇ¨¦÷|µ®,SøÓÁõÚ T¼, £õ¼¯À _µshÀ, EøÇ¨¦ _µshÀ ÷£õßÓøÁPÍõS®. AvP©õÚEøÇ¨¦÷|µ® •u»õÎzxÁ® uø»ö¯kzu Põ»zvÀ Aiø©{ø», öPõzuiø© {ø» BQ¯ÁØÔß Põµn©õP £o ÷|µ® Áµß•øÓ¨ £kzu¨£hõ©À EøÇ¨£õͺPÒ C¯¢vµ® ÷£õ» EøÇUP £oUP¨£mhÚº. EÓ[S® ÷|µ® uµ J¸ |õøÍUS £vöÚmk©o÷|µ®÷Áø»ö\#²® {ø»voUP¨£mhx. £mhõ_ öuõÈØ\õø»°À £o¯õØÖ® ö£sPÒ,]ÖÁº,]Öª¯º}sh÷|µ® ÷Áø»Áõ[P¨£kQßÓÚº. ¤ÒøÍPøÍHØÔ÷£õS®P®ö£Û £ì Áõ\¼À Á¢x {ßÓx. Auß Psnõi°À£mhöÁ°¼À©g\Íõ# ªßÛ¯x. SÎzx® Sίõ©¾® Ki Á¢u ]ÖÁºPЮ, ]Öª¯ºPЮ Ch® ¤iUP\søh÷£õmhõºPÒ.(yºøÁ, £.73) AvPõø»°÷»÷¯ ]ÖÁºPÒ ÷Áø»US ö\ßÓøuB]›¯ºGkzxøµUQÓõº. SøÓÁõÚT¼ EøÇUS®öuõÈ»õͺPÐUS{¯õ¯©õÚ T¼ ÁÇ[P ÷Ási¯x EøÇ¨ø£ ö£Ö£ÁºPÎß Phø©¯õS®. BÚõÀ EøÇ¨£õͺPÎß EhÀ EøÇ¨ø£ EÔg]AuØPõÚT¼ø¯\›ÁµÁÇ[Põu T¼a _µshÀ \‰PzvÀ |øhö£ØÖ
öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ 132 £UP® £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ Á¸QßÓø©ø¯ öuÎÁõUSQßÓx. öuõÈ»õͺPÐUS \›¯õÚ T¼ öPõkUP¨£hõÂmhõÀ AÁºPÎß ÁõÌUøP xߣzvØS EÒÍõS® {ø»ø¯, öµõUPU Põö\ßÓõÀ ÁõµU Pøh]°ÀÁõ[S®\®£ÍUPnUöPõk ÷\µõx.÷Áø»•i¢ux®Eh÷ÚøPUS Á¢xÂk®.Fº÷£õÁuØPõP£ì\õºä öPõkUP¨£kÁ÷uõk j, Põ¤, £ß, £U÷Põhõ, ªU\º K]°À QøhUS®. öPõg\ ÷£º CÓ[Q öPõÒÍ £ì ¦Ó¨£mk ÷£õÚx. AÁºPÒ £õUöPm ¹ªØSÒ Ámh©õ# EmPõºzu ÷£õx JÈzx øÁzv¸¢u ö£m÷µõ ©õºUì ø»mkPÒ ö£õ¸zu¨£mhÚ. £» P»ºPÎÀ A®£õµ©õ# Sªzx øÁUP¨£mi¸¢u ö£iPøÍ _ØÔ¾® EmPõ¢x Gso Gso £õUöPm ÷£õhzxÁ[QÚõºPÒ.(yºøÁ,£.73) GßÖ B]›¯º ÂÍUSQÓõº.÷uøÁUS AvP©õP EØ£zv ö£õ¸øÍ u¯õ›UP SøÓÁõÚ T¼ öPõkzx ÷Áø» Áõ[S® •u»õÎ ÁºUPzvß ö\¯À£õkPÒ öÁΨ£kQßÓÚ. £õ¼¯À_µshÀ Sk®£ÁÖø©ø¯÷£õUPÄ®,u[PÒ Ai¨£øh ÷uøÁPøÍ {øÓÄ ö\#¯Ä® ÷Áø»USaö\À¾®ö£sPÒ£õ¼¯À Ÿv¯õÚ _µsh¾US EÒÍõQßÓÚº. á«ßPÒ, BvU\õv°Úº, PnUS¨ ¤ÒøÍPÒ u[PÒ Bø\ø¯z wºzxU öPõÒЮ ö£õ¸mk AqSQßÓÚº. CuøÚ ÷\õ.uº©Ûß TøP |õÁ¼À Põn•iQßÓx. P[øP¯õ |õ¯UPº øP {øÓ¯ öÁØÔø»²®,A[S»õì¦øP°ø» £møh²hÝ® Gv÷µ {Ø£õº PøÍ ö\xUQ¯z yµ GÔ¢x Âmk ö£¸ Áõ#UPõ¾USÒPõÀ}miEmPõ¸ÁõÒ. ]ßÚUPõÎ, }mi¯ øP°À öÁØÔø» uµõ©À, }mi¯ öuõøh÷©À AÊzv øÁ¨£õº. Áµ¨¤À ÷©À EmPõº¢u •P®£õº¨£õº.(TøP,£.34) GßÖGkzxøµ¨£vÀC¸¢xJkUP¨£mh ö£sPøÍ BvUP \õv°Úº £õ¼¯À _µshÀö\#Áøu²®,EhßC¸¨÷£õº Aø©v¯õP ÷ÁiUøP £õºUS® ußø©ø¯²®¦›¢xöPõÒÍ•iQÓx. CßøÓ¯ Põ»Pmhzv¾® ö£sPÐUS GvµõP £À÷ÁÖ ÁßöPõkø©PÒ {PÌQßÓÚ. AÝvÚ® £õ¼¯À öPõkø©PÒ ö£s ¤ÒøÍPÐUS |hUQßÓÚ.]Öö£sSÇ¢øuPÒ•uÀ Á¯x •vº¢u ö£sPÒÁøµ CvÀ £õvUP¨£kQßÓÚº. CÁØÔÀ C¸¢x ö£sPÒ £õxPõUP¨£h ÷Ásk® GßÓõÀ Pkø©¯õÚ ushøÚPÒ Eh÷Ú{øÓ÷ÁØÓ¨£h÷Ásk®.£õ¼¯À wshø»HØ£kzxQÓÁºPÐUSPkø©¯õP ushøÚPÒ QøhUS® ÷£õx uÁÖPÒ SøÓ²® CuøÚ Aµ\õ[P® |øh•øÓ¨£kzvÚõÀ ö£sPÐUS £õxPõ¨¦HØ£k®. EøÇ¨¦_µshÀ Pøh•u»õÎPÒJ¸ÁÚxEøÇ¨ø£ Áõ[QU öPõsk AuØPõÚ T¼ø¯ öPõkUPõ©À H©õØÖÁx EøÇ¨¦ _µshÀ BS®. Ca_µsh»õÀ AøÚzx xøÓPξ® ö£s öuõÈ»õͺPÒ £õvUP¨£kQßÓÚº. ö£s öuõÈ»õͺPøÍ £o°À A©ºzv CÁºPÐUS ÷uøÁ¯õÚAi¨£øhÁ\vPøÍö\#x öPõkUPõ©À, CµÄ £o, SøÓÁõÚ T¼, Fv¯ H©õØÓ® ÷£õßÓøÁPøÍ ö\#QßÓÚº. £mhõ_ öuõÈØ\õø»°À £mhõ_ u¯õ›US® ChzvÀ J¸ AøÓ°À |õßS ÷£º ©mk÷© A©º¢x £o ¦›¯÷Ásk®.öÁÎ÷¯|õßSuspº öuõmiPЮ Aø©UP¨£h ÷Ásk®.
http://www.shanlaxjournals.com 133 £UP® Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research C¢u Ai¨£øh Á\v Th ö\#x öPõkUP¨£hõ©À _¯|» »õ£ ÷|õUPz÷uõk •u»õÎPÒEøÇ¨£õͺPÎßEøÇ¨¤øÚ _µsi¯ ÂuzvøÚ B]›¯º GkzxøµUQÓõº. A¢ua ]ßÚ ]ßÚ PmihzvÀ JÆöÁõßÔ¾®|õ¾£UP•®Áõ\¾US £UPzv÷» uspº öuõmiPÒ A¢u AøÓPÒ JÆöÁõßÔ¾® ]Ö_®, ö£¸_©õ#w¨ö£miUSÒSa]PÍõ# Âøµ¢x Qh¢uõºPÒ. (TøP,£. 67) GßÖ öÁΨ£kzxÁvÀ C¸¢x Ai¨£øh Á\v°ßÔ AvP©õÚ ÷Áø»¯õmPøÍ öPõsk EØ£zv ÷|µzvÀ {ÖÁÚ® |hzx® •u»õÎPÎß _¯|»zvøÚAÔ¯•iQßÓx.÷©¾® Aµ\õ[P AvPõ›PøÍ _»£©õP H©õØÔ²® ö\#v¸¢øu²® B]›¯º _miUPõmi²ÒÍõº. £mhõ_öuõÈØ\õø»PÎÀCßøÓUS® AvP AÍÄ ö£s¤ÒøÍPÒ ÷Áø» ö\#QßÓÚº. Av¾® SÇ¢øu öuõÈ»õͺPÒ AvPAÍÂÀPõn¨£kQßÓÚº.SÇ¢øu öuõÈ»õͺPøÍ Hß ÷Áø»US A©ºzxQÓõºPÒ GßÖ PÁÛzuõÀ SÇ¢øuUS ]Ö Fv¯® ÁÇ[Q AvP AÍÄ ÷Áø» Áõ[S® AÁ» {ø» Põn¨£kQÓx. ÷©¾® Sk®£ ÁÖø©°Úõ¾®, £iUP øÁUS® Á\v CÀ»õu PõµnzvÚõ¾®,SÇ¢øuPÒ÷Áø»US Aݨ£¨£kQßÓÚº. CuÚõÀ ]Ö Á¯v÷»÷¯PÀÂø¯CÇ¢x,ÁÖø©°À EǾ® AÁ» {ø» EÒÍx. ]Ö SÇ¢øuPøÍ ÷Áø»US A©ºzx- £ÁºPÒ «x uS¢u |hÁiUøP Gkzx Pøh°øÚ ‰h ÷Ásk®. ö£sPÒ ÷Áø» £õºUS® öuõÈØ\õø»°À BsPøÍ¨÷£õ»÷Áö£sPЮGmk ©o ÷|µ® ©mk÷© ÷Áø» £õºUS® {ø» E¸ÁõP ÷Ásk®. AvP ÷|µ® ÷Áø» Áõ[SÁx SøÓ¢u Fv¯® ÁÇ[SÁx ÷£õßÓ {ÖÁÚ[PøÍ ‰h ÷Ásk® EøÇ¨¦US HØÓ Fv¯® ÁÇ[P¨£h÷Ásk®. PÀÂÁõ#¨¤ßø© öuõÈ»õͺPÎß EøÇ¨¤ØS HØÓ Á¸©õÚ® QøhUPõu PõµnzuõÀ u[PÒ SÇ¢øuPÐUPõÚ GvºPõ» ÁõÌUøP°ß CßÔ¯ø©¯õu ÷uøÁPÎÀ JßøÓUTh{øÓ÷ÁØÓ•iÁvÀø». AÁØÔÀ JßÓõÚ PÀÂø¯ öPõkUP •i¯õu `ǼÀ ]ÓõºPÒ PÀ PØP C¯»õu `Çø»²® £ÒÎ £i¨¤øÚ £õv°À{ÖzvÂmköuõÈ»õͺPÍõP ©õÖ®`Çø»²®AÔ¯•iQÓx. ö£s ¤ÒøÍPÐUS PÀ Pmhõ¯® ÁÇ[P¨£h ÷Ásk®. PÀ塧 •UQ¯zxÁzøu AÔ¢x ö£s ¤ÒøÍPÒ PÀ PØP AøÚzx ö£Ø÷ÓõºPЮ \®©vUP ÷Ásk®. PÀ PØ£uõÀ SÇ¢øuPÎßGvºPõ»®|ßSAø©²® Gߣøu AÁºPÒ ¦›¢x öPõÒÍ ÷Ásk®. PÀ PØ£uõÀ AÔÄ vÓß ö£ØÖ |ßø© wø©PøÍ B#¢xnÓU Ti¯ ußø©°øÚ ö£ÖÁõºPÒ Gߣøu ö£Ø÷ÓõºPÒöu›¢xöPõÒÍ÷Ásk®. •iÄøµ ö£snõÚÁÒ ÷£õØÖu¾US›¯ öu#Á©õPÁn[P¨£k®,|®|õmi÷» ö£sønAiø©¨£kzvAÁºPÐUS E›ø© ©Özx ÃmiØSÒ÷Í÷¯ §mi øÁzv¸¢uÚº. ¤ÓS ÁÖø©°ÚõÀ ö£sPÒ T¼ ÷Áø»US ö\À¾® AÁ» {ø»HØ£mhx. ö£sPÒAøÚÁ¸US® HØÓuõÌÄCÀ»õ©ÀPÀÂÁÇ[P¨£h ÷Ásk®. ö£sPÐUS AøÚzx ÷Áø»zuÍ[Pξ® £õxPõ¨¦ HØ£kzu¨£h ÷Ásk®. ö£sPÒ _u¢vµ©õP ÷Áø»US ö\À¾® {ø» HØ£mhõÀ AøÚzx ö£sPЮ
öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ 134 £UP® £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ \õuøÚ ö£s©oPÍõP ©õÓ»õ®. ö£sSÇ¢øuPøÍAÈUS®\•uõ¯zvÀ C¸¢x AÁºPøÍ Põ¨£õØÔ AuØPõÚ ÂȨ¦nºøÁ ©UPÎh® HØ£kzu ÷Ásk®. ö£sPÐUS BsPøÍ¨ ÷£õßÖ \©©õÚ Fv¯® ÁÇ[Q HØÓz uõÌÄPøÍ}UP÷Ásk®.Cu߉»® ö£s öuõÈ»õͺPÎß xߣ[PøÍ }UP»õ®. xøn¡Ø£mi¯À 1. P¤»µ\ß. £, |ØÔøn Eøµ|øh ÁiÂÀ, G®.÷á. £¨Î÷Påßì íÄì&2002. 2. ÷\õ. uº©ß, TøP, Aøh¯õÍ® £v¨£P®&2020. 3. ÷\õ.uº©ß, yºøÁ, Aøh¯õÍ® £v¨£P®&2017. 4. v¸.Â.PÀ¯õn_¢uµÚõº,ö£soß ö£¸ø©, uªÌ ©s £v¨£P® ö\ßøÚ&2006. 5. ¦¼³º÷P]Pß,SÖ¢öuõøP‰»•® Eøµ²®, ÿ ö\s£õ £v¨£P® & 2020. 6.ö©Í› iŸ¼ß ÷Põºm, Áµ»õØÔÀ ö£sPЮAvPõµ•®. 7. µõá® Q¸ènß, Põ»¢÷uõÖ® ö£sPÒ, Põ»a_Ák £v¨£P® & 2014. 8. ÷Á[Ph\õª |õmhõº, AP|õÞÖ ‰»•® Eøµ²®, \õµuõ £v¨£P®& 2019.