PREVALENCE OF MONIEZIOSIS IN SHEEP

newjournal.org zenodo.org 1 UDC: 619:616.995.1 PREVALENCE OF MONIEZIOSIS IN SHEEP Safarov Kh.A. Senior Researcher at the Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary, PhD in Veterinary Sciences Akramov K.Sh. Senior Researcher at the Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary, PhD in Veterinary Sciences Annotation: This article presents an analysis of data on the prevalence of monieziosis in sheep across various regions and the types of the disease observed. Keywords: Sheep, helminth, helminthosis, Moniezia, Moniezia benedeni, Moniezia expansa. Аннотация: В данной статье представлен анализ данных о распространённости мониезиоза у овец в различных регионах и о выявленных типах данного заболевания. Ключевые слова: овцы, гельминт, гельминтоз, Moniezia, Moniezia benedeni, Moniezia expansa. Relevance of the Topic. Helminthoses parasitize various vital organs of livestock, including sheep, negatively affecting the growth and productivity of young lambs and adult sheep, and causing significant economic losses. One of these helminthoses is monieziosis of lambs and sheep, which leads to severe growth retardation, developmental delay, and mortality in lambs, thereby inflicting considerable economic damage to sheep farming. Monieziosis is a disease caused by cestodes that are widespread mainly among young cattle and small ruminants aged from 1 to 8 months. Adult Moniezia species are among the largest parasitic helminths. Their length can reach up to 10 meters. Moniezia expansa can reach up to 1.5 cm in width, while Moniezia benedeni may reach up to 2.5 cm. The head (scolex) is approximately 0.8 cm in size and has four suckers. Moniezia occurs in various regions around the world. In enzootic areas, more than 50% of livestock may be affected. Lambs are particularly susceptible, which can lead to diarrhea and weight loss. However, many studies have not provided precise data on the economic impact of Moniezia on sheep productivity. newjournal.org zenodo.org 2 According to the authors, the disease affects approximately 59% of lambs under one year of age, 31% of sheep aged one to two years, and about 15% of adult sheep [5]. Disease Prevalence. According to research conducted by Russian scientists, in lambs under one year of age in desert zones, infection with Moniezia expansa is first detected in May (19%), reaches a peak in July (57%), then decreases and is almost absent in January (3%). In the same group of lambs, Moniezia benedeni infection is first observed in July (3%) and reaches its maximum in March of the following year (32%). In adult sheep, as a rule, infection with M. benedeni predominates [5]. Over a 13-year period, long-term extensive observations revealed infection of small ruminants with Moniezia expansa at a rate of 0.63 ± 0.05%. The highest infection rate was recorded in 2010 (0.95%), and the lowest in 2001 (0.03%). During this 13-year period, the prevalence exceeded enzootic thresholds in 2000, 2009, 2010, and 2011. Long-term monitoring indicates an increasing trend in monieziosis infection among small ruminants (y = 0.0274x + 0.3786; R² = 0.2312) [7]. Observations conducted in the Republic of Bashkortostan also showed that Moniezia expansa frequently affects lambs born in the current year. Moniezia benedeni is widespread everywhere, most often recorded in cattle, adult sheep, and ewes. In the southern regions of the area, monieziosis has been documented as an enzootic epidemic in young lambs during spring and summer [4]. In the territory of the Republic of Belarus, sheep monieziosis caused by Moniezia expansa (Rudolphi, 1810) and Moniezia benedeni (Moniez, 1879) has been identified. Sheep monieziosis is widespread in Belarus, and according to studies, the prevalence in regional farm households is as follows: Vitebsk region – 2.70–32.00%, Minsk – 15.00–18.51%, Grodno – 6.36%, Brest – 8.18–17.85%. Infection peaks in summer, and the disease is recorded in sheep and ewes of all ages and sexes throughout the year. Monieziosis occurs as a monoinvasion in 11.68% of cases and in 87.32% of cases in association with other helminth or protozoan infections [10]. According to research conducted by Kazakh scientists, the highest prevalence of monieziosis in young lambs was recorded during the summer months, with an infection rate (IE) reaching up to 39.7%. In winter, the prevalence of the invasion (IE) was 8.9%, and in spring, the infection rate (IE) among young lambs increased again to 11.8% [8]. According to research by Azerbaijani scientists, sheep are mainly infected with monieziosis in spring (21.7%) and at the end of autumn (23.0%), with an invasion intensity of 2–8 specimens. In lambs, the highest infection rate was observed in spring (28.5%), with an invasion intensity of 2–10 specimens. Infection of young lambs with monieziosis occurs in lowland areas during May–June, in foothill areas during June– September, and in mountainous areas in August [6]. newjournal.org zenodo.org 3 According to studies by Tajik scientists, in sheep farms of Vakhsh, Dangara, and Timurmolin districts, significant differences were observed in the seasonal dynamics of sheep monieziosis caused by M. expansa and M. benedeni, as well as in age-related susceptibility to different types of monieziosis, particularly in adult sheep. Lambs become infected with monieziosis (M. expansa) in spring and summer, with infections beginning in May and peaking in July. By autumn, the infection rate in lambs decreases, and in winter, M. expansa is rarely found. M. benedeni is more prevalent in adult sheep. Among young animals, infection with this species occurs in July–August, reaching its highest prevalence in March of the following year. M. benedeni survives and parasitizes in young animals for 10–12 months. At the beginning of spring, the eggs of the parasite are excreted into the environment with feces. In adult sheep infected with M. benedeni, the infection rate reaches 18–23% in April, decreases to 16–17% by June, and drops to 11.5% in August. From October onwards, the level of invasion in animals increases again, reaching its maximum in November–December [9]. According to research conducted in Uzbekistan, sheep monieziosis (M. expansa and M. benedeni) prevalence is 1.7% in Tashkent region, 15.6% in Samarkand region, 8.6% in Navoi region, 17.1% in Bukhara region, and 23.5% in Surkhandarya region. Among different types of farms, the highest prevalence of sheep monieziosis was recorded in breeding farms located in desert and semi-desert areas (25.3%), an average prevalence in peasant farms (14.2%), and the lowest prevalence in household subsidiary farms [11]. According to our 2021 research, among 115 sheep and lambs examined in Samarkand region, 6.08% were infected with monieziosis; in Kashkadarya region, 5.7% of 227 examined animals were infected; and in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, 8.2% of 218 examined sheep and lambs were infected [1,2,3]. Conclusions. 1. The conducted research indicates the necessity of planned prophylactic deworming of sheep. 2. Considering the widespread prevalence of this helminthiasis and its significant impact on the growth and development of young lambs, it is necessary to estimate the economic losses caused by the disease. References 1. Safarov X.A., Djabbarov Sh.A. Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasida chorva mollari gelmintozlarining tarqalishi. 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