FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGY IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

373 Vol. 5, No. 11 – Special Issue (EJAR) ISSN: 2181-2020 LPTIENP International Scientific-Practice Conference on “Linguistics and Pedagogical Technologies: International Experience and National Practice” Denau, November 20, 2025 in-academy.uz/index.php/ejar FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGY IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Usmonova Hayotxon Xurram qizi Yusupova Mushtariybonu Muzaffar qizi Abdinazarova Hosila Bozor qizi Students of Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy Turaqulova Oysulton Normurodovna Teachers of Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17631022 Abstract. The paper addresses the development and formation of scientific words in English and Uzbek, highlighting how the two languages converge and diverge. The article covers the background, influence of language, and process of developing scientific words. Through comparative analysis, the research aims to offer a glimpse of how scientific concepts are expressed in both languages and challenges faced in standardizing the vocabulary. The study indicates the impact of technology and globalization on the construction of scientific language, underlining the importance of precise communication among scientists. Keywords: scientific terminology, comparative analysis, english language, uzbek language, linguistic development, globalization, standardization. Introduction The creation and formation of scientific terminology are a significant aspect of linguistic development, which refers to knowledge extension and the need for precise communication in numerous fields of knowledge. Under the conditions of globalization, scientific concepts and studies became more critical to transfer, necessitating a certain comprehension of terms in many different languages. This paper is devoted to comparative research on scientific English and Uzbek terminology, which radically transformed their linguistic milieus under historical, cultural, and technological influences. Currently, education is one of the main elements of social life in the infrastructure of the developed countries of the world. The organization of the education system in these countries is directly related to the needs of the current stage of the scientific and technological revolution, which requires the implementation of educational reforms. It should be noted that the process of reforming this area of human activity is almost continuous: various changes are constantly being made to the structure and organization of various parts of the system. At the same time, at a certain stage of the system's development, the need for fundamental reforms arises. The study of a particular terminology usually begins with determining the boundaries of the system of concepts reflected in it, on the basis of which conclusions are drawn. It is about what should be understood by the term and terminology of the relevant field of knowledge. The field of English reality that we have chosen as the object of study - education - is a complex, multi-stage, constantly evolving structure, covering such areas of humanity as methodology, psychology, industrial education, economics and management, sociology, philosophy. Main part The language of science is formed and develops on the basis of the common language of the nation. Therefore, the foundation of the language of science and knowledge is the lexicon of the common language, that is, lexicography, word formation and grammar. According to H. Hewell, terminology is a set of terms related to a particular science or a set of words used in the field of technology. By recording the meaning of terms, we also record the concepts they express. There are different understandings of the word term. For example, for logicians, a term is a word that refers to a set of descriptions (or descriptions) of a specific object and is applied to it. Any word in any 374 Vol. 5, No. 11 – Special Issue (EJAR) ISSN: 2181-2020 LPTIENP International Scientific-Practice Conference on “Linguistics and Pedagogical Technologies: International Experience and National Practice” Denau, November 20, 2025 in-academy.uz/index.php/ejar language can be a term. In science and technology, a term is a special word that is artificially invented or borrowed from a natural language. The scope of application of such words is clarified or limited by representatives of one or another scientific school. Unlike general language terms, scientific and technical terms are combined into terminological systems as hierarchical units, they acquire their meaning only within the same system, in which a logical (conceptual) terminological field corresponds to them. Any development and progress in science indicates the emergence or clarification of scientific terms. It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of term and terminological lexicon. The scope of application and distribution of terms is limited to a certain terminological system, and they act and occur in a specific manner within the framework of human activity. The terminological lexicon includes words and word combinations that are widely used in a non-professional speech context that has moved from a narrow sphere of specialization to the sphere of mass communication. A term that has moved into the sphere of general language moves away from its terminology, terminological field and system, and is separated from its terminological characteristics. There are many opinions in the scientific literature on the definition of a term. In almost all definitions, a term is described as a word or phrase expressing a special scientific and technical concept. According to O. Vinokur, a term is always clear and unambiguous. The language of the term system is consciously formed . After all, a term does not arise spontaneously, spontaneously, but is created due to necessity, the need for it in society. According to A. Gerd, a term is a natural and artificial language unit, that is, a word or phrase, with a special terminological meaning, which clearly and fully reflects the main features of existing concepts at a certain stage of scientific development. English, as the global lingua franca, has become the standard language in scientific writing and therefore the widespread usage of English words is common in the majority of countries that do not use English, such as Uzbekistan. However, the Uzbek language is rich in history and unique linguistic features that dictate its scientific terms. The aim of this paper is to examine how scientific vocabulary is formed and developed in both languages and the borrowing, adaptation, and standardization procedures that contribute to the establishment of an understandable scientific lexicon. Through an examination of the convergence and divergence between English and Uzbek scientific terms, this study aims to provide insights into what difficulties researchers and instructors alike can be expected to encounter in both languages. Realization of these forces is essential in achieving effective communication among scientists as well as ensuring knowledge reaches the general public. The findings of this comparison study will be incorporated into the library of literature regarding the development of language and application of terminology in scientific development. In Uzbek too, the evolution of scientific terms has been determined by linguistic factors, indeed with the onset of the Soviet period. Many scientific terms were borrowed directly from Russian with minimal change. Nevertheless, there has been a growing tendency toward the evolution of indigenous Uzbek terms which are attuned to the phonetic and morphological properties of the language. This initiative has provided ground for new words that appeal to the Uzbek cultural context, such as "biologiya" (biology) and "kimyo" (chemistry), which are derived from the original Greek and Arabic origins but adapted to fit the pattern of the Uzbek language. One of the greatest challenges in creating and creating scientific terminologies in English as well as in Uzbek is the issue of standardization. In English, the pace of scientific advancements is such that it leaves the language behind in terms of capturing it in suitable words, which results in the creation of multiple words for one phenomenon. Such ambiguity makes communication among researchers and scientists problematic. Organizations such as the International Organization for 375 Vol. 5, No. 11 – Special Issue (EJAR) ISSN: 2181-2020 LPTIENP International Scientific-Practice Conference on “Linguistics and Pedagogical Technologies: International Experience and National Practice” Denau, November 20, 2025 in-academy.uz/index.php/ejar Standardization (ISO) and professional societies try to produce standard vocabulary, but the process is ongoing and occasionally disputable. In Uzbekistan, the standardization work is additionally complicated by the Russian influence in the country's previous experience and the ongoing process of developing a national vocabulary. The Uzbek language has undergone the appearance of a vast number of neologisms, but the lack of a centralized authority for language policy-making has resulted in inconsistency in terminology application. This can become an obstacle to scientists and teachers who desire to speak professionally in the scientific environment. Work intended to compile an exhaustive dictionary of scientific terms in Uzbek is underway, but it requires the cooperation of linguists, scientists, and policymakers. Globalization has greatly affected the development of scientific terminology in both English and Uzbek languages. With increasing interdependence between the world scientific community, there has been the sharing of ideas and knowledge, such that English terms are now widely accepted across non-English speaking countries. In Uzbekistan, it is observed in growing use of English scientific literature and borrowing of English words into everyday usage. On the one hand, it can provide greater access to foreign scientific knowledge, but, on the other, it also has consequences for erosion of local languages and cultural identity. Conversely, globalization has also evoked efforts towards promoting the use of native languages in science communication. In Uzbekistan, a lot of emphasis is placed on the establishment of a national scientific vocabulary that is rooted in the country's cultural heritage but nonetheless pertinent in the global community. This two-track approach tries to find equilibrium between the pros of globalization and the need to develop and promote the use of the Uzbek language so that science information is accessible to all sections of society. Finally, the evolution and building of scientific terms in English and Uzbek illustrate the complex interplay of the historical, linguistic, and cultural factors [5]. The comparative study is reflective of the influence of globalization in the application and adoption of scientific terminology and challenges raised in standardizing terms in both languages. As scientific knowledge keeps on widening and evolving, it is imperative that scientists, academics, and policy-makers recognize the importance of effective communication and how words can bridge language gaps. Through creating shared understanding and collaboration between English and Uzbek speakers, the scientific community can make the reach of scientific concepts more accessible and understandable, ultimately resulting in knowledge development and innovation in both languages [6]. Conclusion Last but not least, the emergence and development of English and Uzbek scientific vocabulary demonstrate an intricate dynamics of linguistic, historical, and cultural influences. The comparative analysis points to globalization as contributing to the borrowing and translation of scientific terms and challenges of standardizing the vocabulary for both languages. With the increasing scientific knowledge and development, it is essential that scientists, teachers, and policymakers recognize the importance of proper communication and how using vocabulary brings together language variations. Through such collaboration and intercultural understanding between English and Uzbek speakers, the scientific community can ensure maximum availability and understanding of scientific knowledge, which will result in more innovation and knowledge in both languages. References: 1. Dadaboyev H. 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