सांस्कृतिक विरासत एवं पर्यावरण संरक्षण

Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10| October - 2025 164 lkaL—frd fojklr ,oa i;kZoj.k laj{k.k eqds'k nqcs1, vfer dqekj iVsy2 1,2 'kks/k Nk=, Hkwxksy foHkkx mÙkj çns'k jktf"kZ VaMu eqä fo'ofo|ky;] ç;kxjkt Email: [email protected] Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-171034 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 10 Pp. 164-167 October. 2025 Submitted: 19 Sept. 2025 Revised: 29 Sept. 2025 Accepted: 14 Oct. 2025 Published: 31 Oct. 2025 lkjka'k Hkkjrh; lkaL—frd fojklr viuh çkphurk] fofo/krk] mnkjrk vkSj O;kidrk ls vksr çksr gSA gekjh laL—fr us ç—fr o i;kZoj.k dks çk—frd lalk/ku ek= u ekudj vius thou vkSj vk/;kfRedrk dk vfHkUu vax le>k gSA osn] iqjk.k] mifu"kn] jkek;.k ,oa yksd ijaijkvksa esa ç—fr dks iwtuh; ekuk x;k gS] ftldk laj{k.k ,oa lao/kZu ekuo ds fy, vko';d ekuk x;k gSA bl 'kks/k i= esa Hkkjrh; lkaL—frd fojklr vkSj i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds vkilh laca/kksa dk foospu djrs gq, ;g çfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS fd Hkkjrh; lekt dh lkaL—frd psruk] yksd dyk] R;kSgkj] lkfgR;] okLrqdyk] ekU;rk,a vkfn i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k ,oa lao/kZu ls vksr çksr jgh gSA oSfnd i;kZoj.kh; –f"V] yksd mRlo esa ç—fr iwtu] fc'uksbZ lekt dk o`{k ,oa thoksa ds çfr laosnuk] fpidks vkanksyu] ,fIidks vkanksyu] yksdxhr] ikjaifjd jhfr fjokt ,oa dgkorsa vkfn Hkkjrh; laL—fr] ç—fr çse o ifjfLFkfr larqyu dks ekuo dsaæ esa j[kk gSA orZeku le; esa rhoz tula[;k o`f)] vkS|ksfxdhdj.k] uxjhdj.k] miHkksäkoknh laL—fr dks c<+kok us i;kZoj.k dks dkQh {kfr igqapk;k gSA ftlls i;kZoj.kh; ladV mRiUu gks jgsa gSaA vr% vko';d gS fd gesa vius lkaL— frd fojklr esa fufgr i;kZoj.kh; psruk dks iquthZfor djsa o vk/kqfudrk ls tksM+dj gesasa i;kZoj.kh; psruk dk fodkl djuk gksxkA vr% ;g fu"d"kZ fudky ldrs gSa fd lrr fodkl dh Hkkjrh; vo/kkj.kk u dsoy rduhfd mik;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gks ldrh gSa] cfYd gekjs lkaL—frd psruk vkSj lkekftd lgHkkfxrk ls tksM+uk gksxkA Hkkjr dh lkaL—frd /kjksgj u dsoy gekjs çkphurk dh igpku gS] cfYd orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; ds i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k ds fy, ,d l'kä ekxZ ç'kLr djrh gSaA eq[; 'kCn& yksd ijaijk] Hkkjrh; laL—fr] lrr fodkl] i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k] lkaL—frd fojklrA çLrkouk gekjs ns'k dh igpku mlds xaHkhj lkaL—frd ijaijkvksa] {ks=h; fofo/krk] vkSj fo'ks"k thou n'kZu ls gksrh gSA Hkkjrh; laL—fr dsoy /kkfeZd deZdkaM ,oa jpukRed vfHkO;fä;ksa rd gh lhfer ugha jgk gS] cfYd blus ekuo thou ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij çdk'k Mkyk gSA Hkkjrh; lkaL—frd fparu dk lcls egRoiw.kZ [kwch ç—fr vkSj i;kZoj.k ds çfr leiZ.k ,oa lEeku dh Hkkouk jgh gSA osn] mifu"kn] iqjk.k] tSu ,oa ckS) /keZ ds lkfgR; ls ysdj çpfyr dFkkvksa rd esa i;kZoj.kh; lEeku ,oa bZ'oj rqY; çse fn;k tkrk jgk gS ;gh dkj.k gS fd Hkkjrh; lkaL—frd fojklr esa ç—fr iwtu] ufn;ksa dk laj{k.k] lEeku] vkjk/kuk] o`{k iwtu o laj{k.k ij if{k;ksa ds lkFk lgvfLrRo vkSj ty lzksrksa dk lEeku o iwtu ,d LFkkbZ /kjksgj o ewY; jgk gSA ekStwnk le; esa tc fo'o i;kZoj.k dh leL;kvksa ls tw> jgk gS rks ,sls esa gesa Hkkjrh; lkaL— frd /kjksgj lrr fodkl vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd larqyu dk ekxZ ç'kLr djrh gSA bl v/;k; dk ewy mís'; Hkkjrh; laL—r fojklr vkSj i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds laca/kksa dk lw{e fo'ys"k.k o v/;;u djuk gSA Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI: Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence: , , , How to cite this article: , , (2025). Journal of Research & Development, 17(10), 164-167. Original Article Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10| October - 2025 165 mís';  lkaL—frd fojklr esa fufgr i;kZoj.kh; –f"V dk v/;;uA  yksd ijaijkvksa vkSj /kkfeZd dkj.kksa ls i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k dh vo/kkj.kk dks le>ukA  orZeku le; esa lkaL—frd ewY;ksa ds ºzkl ls gks jgh i;kZoj.kh; {kfr ds vkilh laca/k dk fo'ys"k.k djukA  Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa lrr~ fodkl dh laHkkoukvksa dh igpku djukA ifjdYiuk ;g 'kks/k i= bl ifjdYiuk ij vk/kkfjr gS fd Hkkjrh; lkaL—frd fojklr esa varj fufgr i;kZoj.kh; uSfrdrk ,oa laj{k.k vkt ds i;kZoj.kh; ladV ds lek/kku gsrq l'kä oSpkfjd vkSj O;kogkfjd vk/kkj çnku dj ldrh gSA vuqla/kku i)fr ;g v/;;u o.kZukRed rFkk fo'ys"k.kkRed vuqla/kku i)fr ij vk/kkfjr gS blesa xq.kkRed –f"Vdks.k viuk;k x;k gSA lkaL—frd fojklr&  osnksa vkSj mifu"knksa esa i;kZoj.kh; –f"V gekjs ns'k dh laL—fr o lH;rk dh tM+ osnksa ls tqM+h gS _Xosn esa i`Foh dks ekrk rFkk vkdk'k dks firk dgk x;k gS] vFkoZosn esa o`{k ,oa ty lzksrksa ds laj{k.k dk Li"V mYys[k feyrk gSA ;tqosZn esa ok;q] vfXu ,oa ty dks ekuo thou dk vfuok;Z vax ds :i esa ekU;rk nh xbZ Fkh] mifu"knksa esa ^bZ'kkokL;fena loZ* dk fl)kar bl fopkj dks çLrqr djrk gS fd laiw.kZ i`Foh bZ'oj dh jpuk gS] blfy, bldk laj{k.k gekjk drZO; gSA  iqjk.k vkSj /kkfeZd ijaijk,a iqjk.kksa esa vusdksa ufn;ksa vkSj ioZrksa ds egRo dk foLr`r o.kZu feyrk gS xaxk] ;equk] ueZnk] xksnkojh] dkosjh vkfn ufn;ksa dks ekrk ds :i esa ekU;rk nsuk ,oa iwtu djuk ,dek= /kkfeZd vkLFkk gh ugha] cfYd ty ,oa çk—frd lzksrksa ds laj{k.k ,oa lqj{kk lkaL—frd tkx:drk dk çrhd gSA blh çdkj ihiy] rqylh] uhe o oVo`{k dks ifo= o`{k ekuuk Hkh ikfjfLFkfrd laj{k.k ,oa oSfndh Kku dh lq–<+rk dks Hkh çnf'kZr djrh gSA  yksd ijaijk,a ,oa ioZ gekjs ns'k dh yksd lkaL—frd R;ksgkj vkSj vuq"Bkuksa dh ç—fr ls xgjk tqM+ko gS edj laØkafr esa vkdk'kh; fiaMksa dh xfr vkSj _rq ifjorZu dk mRlo euk;k tkrk gS] rqylh o`{k dk iwtu Hkh ijaijkvksa esa 'kkfey gksuk Hkh vk;qosZn dh –f"V ls mldh mi;ksfxrk dks n'kkZrk gS] NB ioZ esa lw;Z vkSj ty dh mikluk dh tkrh gS tks gesa ç— fr ls tqM+s gksus dk ,d çek.k gS] xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vusdksa ,sls [ksy iwtu o mRlo ds :i esa euk;k tkrs gSa tks fd ekuo LokLF; gsrq vko';d gS tks gekjh lq–<+ ijaijk ,oa lkeqnkf;d fodkl dh Hkkouk dks n'kkZrs gSaA Hkkjrh; dyk lkfgR; ,oa i;kZoj.k&  lkfgR; vkSj dkO; esa ç—fr laL—r lkfgR; ds egku dfo dkfynkl th dh —fr es?knwr esa cknyksa] ioZrksa vkSj ouksa dk vn~Hkqr fp=.k feyrk gS] rfey laxe lkfgR; esa Hkh igkM+ksa] ufn;ksa] o lkxjks dk fooj.k feyrk gSA Hkkjrh; çkphu dfo lkfgR; esa Hkh çk—frd rRoksa dh xgjkbZ ls fo"k; o.kZu feyrs gSa mnkgj.kLo:i rqylhnkl] lwjnkl o dchj th ds jpukvksa esa fn[krk gSA  fp=dyk vkSj ewfrZ dyk vtark vkSj ,yksjk dh xqQkvksa esa vafdr fp=ksa çk—frd lkSan;Z ,oa tSo fofo/krk dh Li"V >yd fn[kkbZ iM+rh gS] e/kqcuh fp=dyk esa lokZf/kd fp=.k isM+ ikS/kksa] i'kq if{k;ksa dk ns[kus dks feyrk gS] fipokbZ fp=.k esa o"kkZ] _rq pØ vkSj i'kq if{k;ksa ds fp=.k dh vf/kdrk bl ckr dk Li"V |ksrd gS fd fp=dyk vkSj ewfrZdkjksa ds çsj.kk lzksr dk dk;Z ç—fr djrh gSA  okLrq dyk vkSj ikjaifjd rduhd xqtjkr dh ckofM+;ka lkeqnkf;d ty çca/ku dk mÙke mnkgj.k gS] jktLFkku ds {ks=ksa esa lqj{kk dkj.kksa ls fdyk vkSj gosfy;ksa esa i;kZoj.k vuqdwy okLrqdyk ds ç;ksx ls jgus ;ksX; cuk, tkrs Fks ftlls rhoz xehZ o yw ls cpus gsrq ?kjksa esa tkfy;ka vkSj ok;q lapkj dh fo'ks"k O;oLFkk dh tkrh Fkh] nf{k.k Hkkjr ds eafnjksa ds çkax.k esa cM+s&cM+s tyk'k;ksa dk fuekZ.k ç—fr çse vFkkZr ty laj{k.k dh Hkkouk ls çHkkfor gS] eSnkuh {ks=ksa esa xkao ds vklikl cM+s rkykc o iks[kjks dk lkeqnkf;d fuekZ.k djokuk ty laj{k.k dks c<+kok nsuk ç—fr ds çfr çse dks n'kkZrk gSA ijaijkxr lekt vkSj tSo fofo/krk laj{k.k yksdxhr vkSj dgkorsa& xzkeh.k lekt esa yksdxhr ,oa dgkorksa ds ek/;e ls i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k ds lans'k fn, tkrs gSa tSls **ty gh thou gS** ] **ty gS rks dy gS** tSlh dgkorsa dsoy O;kogkfjd vuqHko ugha] cfYd ihf<+;ksa ls lafpr i;kZoj.kh; tkx:drk dk çek.k gSA fc'uksbZ lekt& ;g lekt vf/kdka'k :i ls jktLFkku esa ik;k tkrk gS tks i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds fy, ,d vuwBh felky gS ;g leqnk; ihiy ,oa [kstM+h ds o`{kksa dks dkVuk rks iki tcdh thou nsuk Js;Ldj ekurs gSaA i'kq if{k;ksa ds laj{k.k dks Hkh çkFkfedrk nsrs gSa ftlesa ls [kkldj fgj.k dks T;knk gh laj{k.k nsrs gSa] viuk /kkfeZd drZO; le>dj 18 oha 'krkCnh esa ve`rk nsoh fo'uksbZ vkSj 363 lkFkh efgykvksa us o`{kksa dks dVus dh ctk; Lo;a dh cfy nsuk T;knk Js;Ldj le>k] uohu ?kVukvksa esa ns[kk tk, rks lyeku [kku }kjk jktLFkku esa ^ge lkFk&lkFk gSa* fQYe 'kwfVax 1998 bZ+- ds nkSjku fdlh ds }kjk dkys fgj.k ds f'kdkj ds mijkar bl dsl ls lyeku [kku dk uke tqM+us ds dkj.k vkt Hkh mUgsa fc'uksbZ lekt ls tku dk [krjk cuk jgrk gS] tcfd U;k;ky; }kjk lyeku [kku dks bl dsl ls eqfä fey xbZ gSA Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10| October - 2025 166 fpidks vkanksyu& ;g vkanksyu mÙkjk[kaM ds peksyh ftys rRdkyhu mÙkj çns'k esa 1970 ds n'kd esa i;kZoj.k laj{k.k gsrq pyk;k x;k FkkA bl vkanksyu dk mís'; rRdkyhu ouksa dh dVkSrh dks jksduk Fkk rFkk i;kZoj.k laj{k.k gsrq ukjk fn;k x;k ^ikfjfLFkfrdh gh vLFkkbZ vFkZO;oLFkk gS* ftlls LFkkuh; yksxksa dks ou vf/kdkjksa dks fnyk;k tk lds bl vkanksyu ds lw=/kkj lqanjyky cgqxq.kk th FksA yksx o`{kksa ls fpiddj dkVus ls cpkrs FksA ;g vkanksyu oSf'od Lrj ij i;kZoj.kh; vkanksyu gsrq çsj.kk lzksr cukA ,fIidks vkanksyu& ;g vkanksyu Hkh fpidks dh rtZ ij nf{k.k Hkkjrh; jkT; dukZVd esa o`{kksa dh dVkbZ ds fojks/k gsrq pyk;k x;k bldh 'kq#vkr 1983 esa gqbZ bl vkanksyu ds usr`Ro drkZ ikaMqjax gsxM+s th us fd;k FkkA vk/kqfud ;qx esa pqukSfr;ka o leL;k,a lkaL—frd ewY;ksa dk ºzkl& yksxksa dh ç—fr ds lkFk vkReh; laca/kksa esa detksjh ns[kus dks fey jgk gSA ubZ ih<+h ikjaifjd R;ksgkj o vuq"Bkuksa dks dsoy vkSipkfjd le> jgh gS rFkk vius ,sfrgkfld ,oa ikjaifjd Kku O;oLFkk dks le>us i<+us o muds oSKkfud fo'ys"k.k ls nwj gksrh tk jgh gSA 'kgjhdj.k vkSj vkS|ksxhdj.k dks c<+kok& ;g leL;k u dsoy Hkkjrh; lekt dh cfYd oSf'od Lrj ij gS rsth ls c<+rs 'kgjhdj.k og ikjaifjd ty lzksrksa] o`{kkoj.kksa] —f"k Hkwfe ,oa çk—frd okl LFkyksa dks u"V fd;k gSA vkS|ksfxdj.k çnw"k.k us ty] e`nk] ok;q dks fo"kSyk cuk fn;k gS ftlls gesa fey jgs vkgkj Hkh çnw"k.k ,oa iks"kd rRoksa esa ºzkl ik;k tk jgk gS] ftlls ekuo LokLF; ij çfrdwy çHkko ns[kus dks fey jgk gSA miHkksäkokn lH;rk dks c<+kok& ekStwnk miHkksäkoknh laL—fr esa Hkkjrh; laL—fr dh dfM+;ksa dks deksaos'k detksj fd;k gS] gekjh laL—fr dk ewy /;s; Fkk fd ^de esa larks"k* tcfd orZeku ifjos'k esa yksxksa dks fn[kkos dh laL—fr us <d fy;k gS] ftlls gj O;fä vius vki dks loksZÙke fn[kkus dh gksM+ esa yxk gS ftldk [kkfe;ktk gekjh ç—fr dks vFkkZr i;kZoj.kh; ºzkl ds :i esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA i;ZVu dks c<+kok& i;ZVu esa o`f) ls tgka lkaL—frd fofo/krk dks le>us vkSj ns[kus dks yksxksa dks voljksa esa o`f) gqbZ gS] ogha bldh Hkkjh {kfr gekjh ç—fr dks >syuk iM+rk gSA ioZrksa] rhFkZ LFkyksa vkSj ufn;ksa ds i;ZVu ls yksxksa ds HkkSfrdoknh laL—fr ds dkj.k çnw"k.k c<+ x;k gSA lkaL—frd fojklr vk/kkfjr i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds mik;& lkeqnkf;d Hkkxhnkjh& gekjk ns'k vkt Hkh xzkeh.k ç/kku gS] tks fd gesa lekt o leqnk; dks tksM+s j[krk gS ,sls esa gesa lekt vkSj leqnk; dks ty] taxy vkSj tehu dh mi;ksfxrk o vko';drk ij çdk'k Mkyuk pkfg, ftlls lekt dk gj ukxfjd i;kZoj.k dh vko';drk vkSj ºzkl ls çk—frd fouk'k ,oa laHkkoukvksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsus dh vko';drk gS ftlls laj{k.k gsrq tu lgHkkfxrk fey ldsA f'k{kk o tkx:drk& gekjs Ldwyksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky; esa i<+us okys lHkh cPpksa gsrq vfuok;Z :i ls vius laL—fr vkSj i;kZoj.k Kku ds :i esa v/;;u lkefxz;ksa dks tksM+us dh vko';drk gS lkFk gh lkFk mUgsa çk;ksfxd Kku Hkh fn, tkus pkfg, tSls fd vPNs i;kZoj.k esa lkFk gh lkFk i;kZoj.kh; ºzkl okys LFkkuksa dks fn[kkuk pkfg, vkSj mlds vlj dks Hkh le>kus dh vko';drk gS] lkFk gh lkFk lkaL—frd igpku dks Hkh ge ukxjhd dk drZO; vkSj nkf;Ro gksuk pkfg, fd og mldh igpku dks etcwrh nsA yksd ioZ vkSj mRlo& gekjs ns'k dks mRloksa dh Hkwfe ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gS ,sls esa gekjs R;kSgkjksa dks uohu :i nsrs le; ge viuh lH;rk dk /;ku esa j[kdj çk—frd lalk/kuksa ds mi;ksx ij gh cy nsus dh vko';drk gS mnkgj.kLo:i x.ks'k mRlo esa ge feêh dh ewfrZ;ksa ,oa çk—frd jaxksa dk mi;ksx djsa] eqgjZe ds rft, esa cuk, tkus okys dyk—fr;ksa esa Hkh çk— frd lalk/kuksa dk gh mi;ksx fd;k tk,] gksyh ds le; [ksys tkus okys jaxksa esa Hkh çk—frd jaxksa dk mi;ksx djus dh vko';drk gS ,sls gh yxHkx lHkh R;ksgkjksa esa gesa ç—fr ls tqM+us dh vko';drk gS] ftlls i;kZoj.kh; çnw"k.k dks de fd;k tk ldsA xzhu gsjhVst uhfr& ljdkj dks /;ku nsus dh t:jr gS fd dSls fdlh {ks= dks gjk Hkjk cuk;k tk lds vr% ljdkj dks xzhu gsjhVst dh uhfr cukuh pkfg,] ftlds varxZr ,sfrgkfld Lekjdksa vkSj /kjksgj LFkyksa ij i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k dh Bksl ;kstuk ykxw dh tk ldsA /kkfeZd LFkyksa ij i;kZoj.kh; çca/ku& eafnjksa] efLtnksa] xq#}kjk vkSj ppZ esa LoPNrk ds lkFk gfjr ifjlj ds vfuok;Z :i ls fodflr djuk pkfg,] ftlls tqM+s yksxksa ds euksHkko esa Hkh ldkjkRedrk vkrh gS] vkSj i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds –f"Vdks.k dks ysdj yksx tkx#d ,oa lfØ; Hkh gksrs gSaA fu"d"kZ gekjh lkaL—frd fojklr ;g lans'k nsrh gS fd ç—fr dsoy mi;ksx dh gh oLrq ugha] cfYd ge lHkh ds thou dk vk/kkj Hkh gSA gekjh ijaijkvksa o lkaL—frd çFkkvksa esa fufgr i;kZoj.kh; ewY; vkt Hkh orZeku le; esa Hkh çklafxd gS] ;fn orZeku fodkl dh uhfr;ksa dks bu ewY;ksa ls tksM+ fn;k tk, rks lrr fodkl ds ekxksZ dks ç'kLr fd;k tk ldsxkA Hkkjrh; lkaL—frd /kjksgj vkSj i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k ,d nwljs ds iwjd gSA gesa vius vrhr ls çsj.kk ysrs gq, orZeku fLFkfr ds vuqlkj fur u, ç;ksx fd, tkus dh vko';drk gS] vr% i;kZoj.k ls gh thou laHko gSA Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10| October - 2025 167 lanHkZ lwph 1. _Xosn] vFkoZosn ,oa ;tqosZn ¼vuqokfnr laLdj.k½ 2. mifu"knksa esa i;kZoj.k –f"V] Hkkjrh; KkuihB çdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh 3. 'kekZ] ,p-Mh¼2018½Hkkjrh; laL—fr vkSj i;kZoj.kfnYyh] fganh xzaFk vdknehA 4. flag] jke/kkjh¼2020½Hkkjrh; dyk vkSj i;kZoj.k psrukokjk.klh] Hkkjrh çdk'kuA 5. xkMfxy] ek/ko ,oa xqvkgk] jkepaæ ¼1992½Ecology and Equity: The Use and Abuse of Nature in Contemporary India 6. tks'kh] ohjsUæ ¼2017½fpidks vkanksyu] ,d iquikZBuSuhrky] mÙkjk[kaM v/;;u dsaæA 7. fc'uksbZ] ve`rknsoh cfynku Le`fr xzaFk ¼jktLFkku ljdkj çdk'ku] 2005½A 8. UNESCO- (2014)- Cultural Heritage and Sustainable DevelopmentParis 9. Government of India (2020)- National Mission on Cultural Mapping and Heritage ConservationMinistry of Culture. 10. iVsy] ds-,e¼2019½Hkkjrh; okLrqdyk vkSj i;kZoj.k vuqdwyrkvgenkckn] uwru çdk'kuA