P ac ice Pape
Recommended ci a ion: Moseley, A., Løje, H., & Jensen, J. K. (2025). Digi izing
Mechanical Enginee ing Educa ion: An Ea ly Re iew. In Kangaslampi, R., Langie,
G., Jä inen, H.-M., & Nagy, B. (Eds.), SEFI 53 d Annual Con e ence. Eu opean
Socie y o Enginee ing Educa ion (SEFI), Tampe e, Finland. DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.17631519.
This Con e ence Pape is b ough o you o open access by he 53 d Annual Con e ence
o he Eu opean Socie y o Enginee ing Educa ion (SEFI) a Tampe e Uni e si y in
Tampe e, Finland. This wo k is licensed unde a C ea i e Commons
A ibu ion-NonComme cial-Sha e Alike 4.0 In e na ional License.
DIGITIZING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION: AN EARLY
REVIEW
A. Moseley a,
1
, H. Løje b, J.K. Jensen c
a Technical Uni e si y o Denma k, Balle up, Denma k,
h ps://o cid.o g/0009-0004-7493-3003
b Technical Uni e si y o Denma k, Balle up, Denma k,
h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0003-3843-451X
c Technical Uni e si y o Denma k, Lyngby, Denma k,
h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0003-2955-1001
Con e ence Key A eas: Digi al ools and AI in enginee ing educa ion; Open and
Online educa ion o enginee s
Keywo ds: digi al eaching, lea ning design, online lea ning
ABSTRACT
This p ac ice pape p esen s how he Bachelo o Enginee ing in Mechanical
Enginee ing p og am a a echnical uni e si y in no he n Eu ope was adap ed o be
o e ed in an online o ma beginning in 2023. The cu iculum and ins uc ion we e
edesigned o be e sui an online se ing, wi h an emphasis placed on heo y and
pedagogy ha would acili a e s uden mo i a ion in a emo e se ing. This pape
explo es he p og am’s de elopmen and ea ly obse a ions ha could in o m o he
e o s o digi ize educa ion o mee he needs and expec a ions o 21s cen u y
lea ne s. We conclude ha while online lea ning se ings p esen challenges o
s uden e en ion, exis ing educa ional p og ams can be success ully adap ed o an
online se ing wi h ca e ul a en ion o suppo ing s uden s’ mo i a ion and
engagemen . Howe e , u u e esea ch is needed o unde s and how hese
p og ams can be e ined o be e mee he needs o bo h s uden s and eache s in
online se ings.
1
Co esponding Au ho
A. Moseley
alexand [email protected]
1 INTRODUCTION
S uden s oday ha e mo e op ions han e e o lea ning new skills online ins ead o
on uni e si y campuses, om o malized cou ses and mic o c eden ials ia MOOCs
o swa hs o con en ac oss pla o ms ha each any hing unde he sun. In he ace
o his e ol ing in o ma ion landscape and changes in how young people p e e o
lea n, uni e si ies ha e had o e lec on and adap wha hey o e s uden s o
compe e o s uden s’ a en ion, leading o in lux o online deg ee p og ams ha o e
s uden s mo e lexibili y han adi ional on-campus p og ams. The Technical
Uni e si y o Denma k (DTU) elec ed o o e an online e sion o hei exis ing
Bachelo o Enginee ing (B.Eng.) in Mechanical Enginee ing p og am o appeal o
s uden s o whom he on-campus p og am was no a good i . Now wo yea s a e
implemen ing he online p og am, his pape will explo e some o he lessons ha
ha e been lea ned om ini ia ing a new s udy s uc u e o B.Eng. s uden s and
e lec on ways o con inue imp o ing. The e lec ions he e will be o in e es o
enginee ing eache s, educa o s, educa ional consul an s and adminis a o s seeking
o implemen o imp o e hei own online deg ee p og ams as well as o anyone
in e es ed in how uni e si ies can inno a e o mee he needs o 21s cen u y
s uden s.
2 CONTEXT, CREATION, & CURRICULAR CREATIVITY
In his con ex , a B.Eng. deg ee is a p o essional bachelo ’s deg ee las ing 3.5 yea s
and including a 30 ECTS in e nship wi h a company and a 20 ECTS applied
enginee ing p ojec ha inalizes he educa ion. The uni e si y’s online B.Eng. in
Mechanical Enginee ing was concei ed in an e o o a ac s uden s om o he
egions o he coun y and u ilize he lea nings on online eaching ha we e ga ne ed
unde he COVID-19 pandemic. The p og am would e ain 20 hou s pe week o
synch onous eaching ha s uden s could a end om anywhe e wi h an In e ne
connec ion, yielding geog aphic lexibili y bu limi ed empo al lexibili y. In addi ion,
he s uden s would be expec ed o spend sho pe iods o ime on campus a ce ain
in e als o build communi y and access lab spaces o hands-on-lea ning ha could
no be eplica ed online. While he p og am has been dubbed a ‘digi al win’ o he
on-campus Mechanical Enginee ing cou se, i in ac is qui e dis inc om he o iginal
cou se o s udy in i s design. Howe e , he o e all goal o he p og am is he same
o he wo educa ions.
O no e, while his endea o was he i s ime ha DTU pu sued an online deg ee
p og am, i was no he i s ime ha an online B.Eng. p og am was de eloped in
Denma k. In 2015, ano he uni e si y launched an online elec ical enginee ing
deg ee ha ope a ed in andem wi h i s on-campus p og am (Godsk e al., 2017). As
such, he wo p og ams we e closely aligned and o ma ed o mee he needs o
bo h g oups. In con as , DTU aspi ed o launch a dis inc online o e ing ha was
ailo ed o he online se ing, and he design p ocess paid pa icula a en ion o he
known challenges o e en ion in online educa ion (Hobson & Pu uhi o, 2019; Ro ai,
2003; Simpson, 2013). Thus, an es ablished heo e ical amewo k o mo i a ion
and pe sis ence in highe educa ion was employed o mi iga e his challenge, which
will be discussed in he ollowing sec ion.
The DTU mechanical enginee ing eache s collabo a ed wi h he uni e si y’s eam o
educa ion de elope s o edesign he cu iculum a ound semes e -long p ojec s. Fo
example, in he i s semes e , cou ses a e designed a ound a p ojec on enginee ing
wind u bines. I also ea u es a d ama ically educed en olmen capaci y o ensu e
ha s uden s ha e su icien access o eache s and o os e a mo e in ima e sense
o communi y. Thus, he online coho s ha e a maximum o 25 s uden s as opposed
o 75 in he on-campus s udy line. Bo h ini ia i es we e oo ed in heo y o s uden
mo i a ion om Tin o (2017) wi h he in en ion o explici ly hone s uden s’ pe cep ion
o cu iculum and sense o belonging.
2.1 Cu iculum Res uc u e
A cou se o s udy equi ing ex ensi e ime in labo a o ies could no be adap ed o an
online se ing wi hou ca e ul conside a ions. Consequen ly, delibe a e e o s we e
made o conside how o make a mechanical enginee ing p og am wo k in an online
se ing in a way ha would os e s uden success. The cu iculum was es uc u ed
wi h he in en ion o suppo ing s uden s’ unde s anding o how all he elemen s i
oge he , and his o e iew o ha p ocess was in o med by con e sa ions wi h he
p og am’s head o s udy, eache s, and educa ional consul an s who we e in ol ed
in he p ocess.
Tin o’s (2017) well-known model o s uden mo i a ion and pe sis ence unde gi ds
much o DTU’s wo k when i comes o e ining he s uden expe ience. This model
de ines mo i a ion as ‘ he in e ac ion among s uden goals, sel -e icacy, sense o
belonging, and pe cei ed wo h o ele ance o he cu iculum’ (ibid., p. 255). Since
s uden s in an online p og am migh be expec ed o expe ience a diminished sense
o belonging o hei s udy communi y ela i e o s uden s who s udy on-campus, i
was decided o explici ly s eng hen s uden s’ pe cep ion o he cu iculum and os e
a sense o belonging o suppo hei mo i a ion and pe sis ence.
Tin o (2017) de ines “pe cep ion o cu iculum” qui e b oadly such ha i includes
measu es o pe cei ed quali y and ele ance, he la e o which could be pa icula ly
salien in he con ex o a p o essional bachelo ’s p og am ha is o ien ed a ound
p ac ical applica ion. Subsequen ly, wo me hods a e posed h ough which he
uni e si y can os e posi i e s uden pe cep ions o cu iculum: p oblem- o p ojec -
based lea ning and con ex ualiza ion. While he o me is a s aigh o wa d
applica ion o lea ning o ele an si ua ions, con ex ualiza ion in his con ex e e s o
he eaching o mo e abs ac subjec s con ex ualized wi h espec o hei applica ion
in mo e in e es ing ields (Tin o, 2017, p. 263). In he case o mechanical
enginee ing, an ob ious example would be he eaching o ma hema ics in a way
ha con ex ualizes new concep s wi h hei applica ion o eal enginee ing dilemmas.
Thus, he adi ional cu iculum o he B.Eng. p og am was lipped on i s head and
edesigned a ound semes e -long p ojec s s a ing in he i s semes e . Cou ses like
ma h and mechanics we e es uc u ed o complemen he p ojec s so ha , o he
deg ee possible, opics could be con ex ualized wi h hei applica ions, hus buoying
s uden s’ pe cep ion o he ele ance o hese opics. This p ocess equi ed
collabo a ion ac oss he eaching eam wi h inpu om educa ional de elope s. The
eam was able o s ep ou side o he uni e si y’s s anda d mould o cou ses which
usually p esc ibed 5 ECTS pe cou se and ins ead di ied he same lea ning
objec i es up in o cou ses o a ying weigh s and leng hs o c ea e a mo e cohesi e
and in en ional cu iculum.
Wi hin hese cou ses, eache s s ill encou aged collabo a ion and equi ed g oup
wo k o p ojec s o acili a e a sense o communi y amongs he s uden s despi e
hei lack o physical p oximi y. These e o s, in conjunc ion wi h he educed coho
size ha acili a es a mo e in ima e educa ional en i onmen , aspi ed o bols e
s uden s’ sense o belonging (ano he o Tin o’s pilla s o mo i a ion) by ensu ing as
much con ac as possible wi h bo h o he s uden s and he eaching s a .
Fu he , he eaching s a was encou aged o emb ace “jus -in- ime eaching,” a
echnology-d i en pedagogical p ac ice de eloped in la e 1990s o acili a e mo e
in e ac ion be ween s uden s and eache s du ing class ime by ha ing s uden s
p e iew ma e ial be o e class (McGee e al., 2016, p. 17). Then, mos impo an ly,
eache s can iden i y misunde s andings and co ec hem ‘jus -in- ime’ du ing class
ins ead o la e when doing o ma i e o summa i e assessmen s. Resea ch
sugges s ha his model o eaching can imp o e s uden s’ lea ning, mo i a ion, and
a endance, and i s echnology-d i en na u e made i a na u al i o an online
deg ee p og am (No ak, 2011, pp. 65, 71). The e is e idence ha compa able
pedagogical me hods can imp o e s uden sel -e icacy, pe haps due o s uden s’
ha ing inc eased esponsibili y o hei lea ning and mo e oppo uni ies o eedback
du ing class ime (La o e-Cosculluela e al., 2022). This imp o ed sel -e icacy could
also p omo e s uden mo i a ion and pe sis ence pe Tin o’s model.
3 RESULTS AND INSIGHTS
E en hough he e is s ill a leas a yea and a hal un il he i s s uden s g adua e
om he online mechanical enginee ing p og am, we ha e al eady obse ed pa e ns
ha wa an discussion. So a , he coho s ha ha e s a ed in 2023 and 2024 ha e
seen high a es o d op ou as ea ly as he i s ew weeks o he p og am. A he
same ime, hose who pe sis ha e demons a ed high le els o compe ency ha
i al o e en ou -pace hei on-campus pee s. Fu he obse a ions, opinions, and
e lec ions om a a ie y o s akeholde s including s uden s, eache s, he head o
s udy, and educa ional de elope s in ol ed wi h he p og am ha e been syn hesized
o gene a e an imp ession o how he online p og am is de eloping s uden
enginee s in compa ison o he on-campus p og am.
3.1 The Teache Expe ience
A no able obs acle o he es uc u ing o he cu iculum was a lack o su icien ime
o he eaching eam o dedica e o he p ocess. Once i was decided o launch an
online p og am, hings mo ed e y quickly. While eache s we e expec ed o adop
new eaching ools and me hods, se e al eache s epo ha ing almos no allo ed
ime o amilia ize hemsel es wi h hese ools and econ igu e hei eaching plans o
accommoda e he inco po a ion o new ools and pedagogies. This was a us a ing
expe ience o some, likened o building a plane while i is in he ai . This us a ion
was pa icula ly salien due o he small coho size o he online p og am. Teache s
accus omed o eaching 75 s uden s a a ime epo ed eeling exaspe a ed by he
expec a ion o pu so much wo k in o a small g oup o 20 s uden s while
simul aneously being limi ed in how hey could imp o e hei eaching o he much
la ge on-campus coho .
To ease hese ensions, he e was less p essu e om he op down o implemen
echniques like jus -in- ime eaching o he second yea o he same deg ee o
ideli y as he i s in hopes o lessening he bu den on eache s. Mo e dedica ed ime
o he eaching s a o adap hei plans and lea n new sys ems o eaching
e ec i ely online would likely ha e made o a smoo he ansi ion. Fu he , he
p ojec -based cu icula s uc u e and jus -in- ime eaching could ha e been pilo ed
in he exis ing ace- o- ace p og am o s eng hen he inco po a ion o esea ch-
based pedagogy in o he Mechanical Enginee ing p og am while p o iding an
oppo uni y o eache s o adap in a mo e amilia se ing. This would ha e equi ed
a longe imeline o planning and launching he online p og am, bu i would ha e
allowed o an alignmen be ween he on-campus and online p og ams ha would
lend i sel o compa ing s uden lea ning be ween he wo p og ams on a mo e
g anula le el.
3.2 The S uden Expe ience
The s uden s who ha e en olled in he online p og am end o be olde han hose in
he on-campus p og am and subsequen ly ha e mo e exis ing obliga ions like
amilies o ull- ime jobs han adi ional uni e si y s uden s. Howe e , ha means
ha hey also ha e mo e eal-wo ld expe ience ha hey can b ing o hei s udies
and sha e wi h hei pee s. While in he i s coho s mos quali ied applican s ha e
been accep ed ega dless o hei p e ious educa ional o wo k expe ience, he
p og am’s head o s udies a i ms ha he ideal ision would be o he online
p og am o p ima ily se e non- adi ional uni e si y s uden s, i.e. hose coming back
o pu sue u he educa ion a e ime in he wo k o ce. Meanwhile, i s - ime s uden s
coming s aigh om seconda y school o gap yea s would be di ec ed o he on-
campus p og am. Howe e , he cu en 20 hou s o weekly synch onous eaching
ac i i ies can be a scheduling ba ie o p ospec i e s uden s who wan o i hei
s udies a ound p e-exis ing obliga ions. The lexibili y in place bu no ime is likely a
place o misalignmen be ween wha s uden s a e looking o in an online p og am
and wha he uni e si y is cu en ly able o o e .
S uden s who ha e now been in he online p og am o se e al semes e s iden i y
h ee main bene i s o hei choice o s udy se ing. Fi s , he small class size has
mean ha s uden s a e able o in e ac wi h eache s much mo e equen ly. They
epo ha ing he abili y o ask ques ions in eal ime du ing class wi hou conce n
ha hey a e aking up oo much class ime. This has made lec u es mo e engaging
o s uden s because hey eel like hey can be mo e ac i e in hem. Second, he lack
o ansi ime o campus means ha s uden s can use hei ime in ways ha eel
mo e p oduc i e. One s uden no ed ha being able o p ope ly ocus on s udying as
opposed o ying o make use o ansi ime o eading while balancing o he
obliga ions has imp o ed hei expe ience. Finally, he online p og am has allowed
s uden s o make use o wo kspaces ha sui hei needs. Ins ead o elying on a
lap op due o he need o anspo a compu e back and o h, s uden s ha e c ea ed
s udy zones a home ha a e mo e e gonomic, including desk op compu e s wi h
p ope keyboa ds and sc eens ha allow o mo e e ec i e no e aking. These
hemes om s uden s indica e ha he in en ionally smalle classes ha e been
e ec i e o suppo ing s uden mo i a ion, and hey a i m ha making bene icial use
o ime is an impo an dimension o s uden s pu suing an online educa ion.
3.3 S uden Re en ion
Among he mos gla ing ou comes o he p og am so a has been high d op-ou
a es. While in e nal analyses ind ha he uni e si y’s on-campus p og ams
expe ience an a e age 32% d op-ou a e measu ed 3 yea s a e s uden s s a hei
p og ams, he online mechanical enginee ing coho s ha e ma ched o exceeded
ha a e in a sho e ime. The 2023 online coho has seen a 53% d op-ou a e in
he wo yea s since he s uden s en olled, while he 2024 coho has los 32% o
s uden s a e jus 1 yea . Fo bo h online coho s so a , d op-ou a es a exceed
hose o he on-campus mechanical enginee ing p og am.
While he e a e likely many ac o s d i ing his phenomenon a he indi idual le el,
anecdo al e idence sugges s ha he synch onous ins uc ion is an i he ical o he
lexible expe ience ha s uden s hoped o ind when en olling in an online p og am. I
is also possible ha he p omo ional ma e ials o he p og am, especially a i s
incep ion, ailed o adequa ely communica e he deg ee o which he p og am would
ope a e online while s ill equi ing some on-campus expe iences, leading o
misaligned s uden expec a ions. While e o s ha e been made o cla i y
communica ion abou he eali y o he p og am o e ime, a small numbe o
applican s o he 2025 applica ion cycle s ill indica ed ha hey unde s ood he
“digi al” componen o he p og am desc ip ion o e e o he kind o enginee ing hey
would s udy ins ead o he o ma ia which hey would lea n. As a esul , each
coho has had se e al s uden s ejec hei admissions o e o quickly wi hd aw
a e accep ing i once hey unde s and he p og am’s expec a ions. Mo ing o wa d,
i could make sense o eb and he p og am as an “online” o “hyb id” op ion ins ead
o “digi al” o align wi h simila , mo e amilia educa ional op ions and o mo e
explici ly in o m p ospec i e s uden s o he eaching o ma s.
Table 1: Compa ison o Quali ying Exam Sco es
2023 Coho
2024 Coho
A-le el Ma h
Exam
A e age
Seconda y
School Exam
A e age
A-le el Ma h
Exam
A e age
Seconda y
School Exam
A e age
On-Campus
7.05
6.94
7.65
7.80
Online
7.91
7.10
7.62
7.90
An in e nal analysis om 2019 e ealed ha s uden s who en oll wi h lowe
quali ying exams, especially in ma h, om hei seconda y educa ions end o d op
ou a highe a es, which is in line wi h b oade s udies o s uden e en ion
(K ogs up e al., 2019). Ye wi hin he digi al mechanical enginee ing p og am,
s uden s ha e on a e age ema kably simila quali ying exam sco es han hei on-
campus s uden s pee s, as seen in Table 1. Fu he , while low e en ion is a hallma k
o online educa ion ha has been discussed o he be e pa o wo decades
(Hobson & Pu uhi o, 2019; Ro ai, 2003; Simpson, 2013), p io li e a u e sugges s
ha he e a e ac o s ha can mi iga e s uden d opou s. The mos no able and
ele an in his case is a sense o belonging which is also suppo ed by Tin o’s 2017
model o pe sis ence. The synch onous eaching, in eg a ed p ojec wo k, and on-
campus wo kshops in en ionally s i e o os e a s uden communi y. The head o
s udies e en epo s ha online s uden s do seem o iden i y bo h wi h belonging o
he uni e si y and wi h he p og am despi e hei lack o physical p oximi y, indica ing
a sha ed sense o belonging. Howe e , ha pe cep ion could be e lec i e o only he
s uden s who ha e pe sis ed in hei s udies.
I has been sugges ed ha he choice o s udy line o o e as an online educa ion
was no made wi h ca e ul a en ion o how e ec i ely i could be adap ed o an
online se ing. The necessa y educa ion has se e al hands-on componen s ha
equi e s uden s o engage wi h ools, ins umen s, and ma e ials. Cu en ly s uden s
a e expec ed o come o campus a ce ain in e als in o de gain he necessa y
expe ience in labo a o ies and wo kshops, bu his u he e odes he ideal o a
lexible s udy p og am. In con as , o he B.Eng. s udy lines a he uni e si y such as
so wa e enginee ing o global business enginee ing may ha e been be e choices
o an online s udy op ion since hei cou ses do no equi e he same use o
wo kshops.
3.4 Knowledge Applica ion, Inno a ion, & Collabo a ion
As ea ly as he i s semes e , eache s and educa ional de elope s who closely
ollowed he ini ial implemen a ion o he online p og am we e able o see ia he
inno a i e p ojec -based cou se ha s uden s we e quickly applying ma h and
physics p o icien ly in high-le el use-cases. The e o e, hey we e somewha
su p ised when s uden s ook hei i s ma h exam and only 60% o hose who
a ended he exam passed. While his passing a e is compa able o he a e o
s uden s who ake he cou se in pe son, seeing in eal ime ha s uden s we e able
o use ma hema ical concep s co ec ly in con ex bu ailed he w i en exam aised
conce ns. The ma h cou se in ques ion is equi emen o all B.Eng. s uden s a he
uni e si y, and i has his o ically been mo e heo e ically han applica ion o ien ed.
Fu he demons a ing ha s uden s in he online p og am a e de eloping
enginee ing compe ences a a le el ha mee s o exceeds hose o hei on-campus
pee s, eache s in ol ed in he online-adap ed inno a ion cou se ha e been highly
imp essed by he wo k o many online s uden s hus a . Usually, all B.Eng. s uden s
a he uni e si y ake a case-based inno a ion cou se in hei 5 h semes e ha
equi es hem o wo k in in e disciplina y eams o de elop a solu ion o a eal-wo ld
p oblem o an ex e nal company o o ganiza ion. To inco po a e a compa able
expe ience in o he online educa ion, an inno a ion cou se was de eloped o hei
4 h semes e . An impo an di e ence, howe e , is ha due o he online na u e o
hei s udies, he s uden s wo ked in eams wi hin hei coho ins ead o in new
eams wi h s uden s om o he p og ams. The success o hese mono-disciplina y
eams a an ea lie poin in hei s udies indica es ha hose s uden s who ha e
pe sis ed in hei s udies can de elop e ec i e and p oduc i e wo king ela ionships
wi h one ano he . The ea ly inco po a ion o p ojec -based cou ses in he online
p og am likely also con ibu ed o he s uden s’ abili ies o ackle new p oblems mo e
e icien ly.
4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
As e idenced by he inc easing numbe o applica ions each yea , he e is a demand
o a mo e lexible enginee ing educa ion, and despi e i s laws, he online
Mechanical Enginee ing p og am is wo king o s uden s who wan o lea n in his
di e en se ing. One s uden who is now aking elec i es on campus e en no ed ha
he e a e o cou se downsides o s udying on campus ha make hem app ecia e
hei online se ing mo e. The es uc u ing o he cu iculum a ound semes e -long
p ojec s b oke he exis ing uni e si y mould ha dic a ed 5 ECTS cou ses, and
despi e he g owing pains associa ed wi h launching a new p og am, he cu icula
inno a ions should be celeb a ed o how hey used esea ch-based s a egies o
acili a e a mo e in eg a ed p oblem-based app oach o enginee ing educa ion.
The uni e si y’s online B.Eng. in Mechanical Enginee ing is s ill e ol ing in esponse
o eedback om i s s uden s, eache s, and educa ional de elope s. While he
changes o he cu iculum s uc u e make i ha d o compa e lea ning ou comes
be ween he online and on-campus s uden s ea ly in hei s udies, obse a ions hus
a indica e ha he online s uden s who a e commi ed o he p og am a e acqui ing
bo h discipline-based skills and ans e sal skills a high le els. The i s online
s uden s will soon be comple ing hei enginee ing in e nships whe e hey pu hei
skills o wo k, and e alua ions om he s uden s and si e supe iso s will lend
addi ional insigh s in o how his online p og am is p epa ing u u e enginee s o he
wo k o ce.
An impo an challenge o moni o ing he success o he p og ess is he ac ha
once s uden s disengage wi h he in en ion o lea e hei s udies, i is inc edibly
di icul o ge in con ac wi h hem o unde s and wha has d i en hei decision. As a
esul , i is no ye known which ac o s a e d i ing he low e en ion a es and hus
whe he he e a e s uc u al aspec s o he p og am ha could be changed o be
mo e accommoda ing. Da a collec ion has commenced o ollow he 3 d coho o
online s uden s and gauge hei expec a ions and sa is ac ion o e ime. By
su eying s uden s o e ime, we hope o gain insigh in o ac o s ha s uden s a e
unsa is ied wi h be o e hey lea e he educa ion. Now ha he p og am is es ablished
and ecei ing mo e applica ions each yea , he nex s ep is o closely moni o he
expe ience o bo h s uden s and eache s o de elop his p og am in o an oppo uni y
o educa e u u e enginee s who simply need a li le mo e lexibili y han a adi ional
p og am allows in o de o h i e in enginee ing educa ion.
