A REVIEW OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS: AFRICAN MADAGASCAR PERIWINKLE

IRASS Jou nal o Mul idisciplina y S udies
h ps://i asspublishe .com/jou nal-de ails/IRASSJMS
ISSN (Online) 3049-0073
This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC license 18
JOURNAL
COVER
PAGE
A REVIEW OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS: AFRICAN MADAGASCAR
PERIWINKLE
Belinda A. Amankwah1*, M. Wia e-Kwagyan2, Aquel Rene Lopez3
*1 Depa men o Medical Labo a o y, Ghana A omic Ene gy Commission
2 Depa men o Plan and En i onmen al Biology, School o Biological Sciences, College o Basic and Applied Sciences, Uni e si y o Ghana,
Legon
3 Depa men o Medical Labo a o y Science, School o Heal h and Allied Sciences, Baldwin Uni e si y College, Acc a
Co esponding Au ho Belinda A.
Amankwah
Depa men o Medical Labo a o y,
Ghana A omic Ene gy Commission
A icle His o y
Recei ed: 26 / 07 / 2025
Accep ed: 09 / 11 / 2025
Published: 20 / 11 /2025
Abs ac : Ca ha an hus oseus is an e e g een plan ha o igina ed om he islands o
Madagasca . I is known o i s an i umo , an i-diabe ic, and an i-mic obial e ec s. Many amous
phy ochemicals, such as inc is ine and inblas ine, we e isola ed om he plan . I possesses
a ious pha macological p ope ies, including an ioxidan , an imic obial, and an idiabe ic
e ec s. The pu pose o he cu en s udy is o documen upda ed da a abou i s adi ional uses.
The endange ed species needs o be conse ed using echniques like mic op opaga ion.
Keywo ds: Vinc is ine, Vinblas ine, An i umo e ec s, An idiabe ic e ec s,
an imic obial e ec s, Pha macological p ope ies, An ioxidan e ec s, Endange ed
species, Mic op opaga ion.
How o Ci e in APA o ma : Amankwah, B. A., Wia e-Kwagyan, M. & Lopez, A. R. (2025). A REVIEW OF CATHARANTHUS
ROSEUS: AFRICAN MADAGASCAR PERIWINKLE. IRASS Jou nal o Mul idisciplina y S udies, 2(11), 18-22.
INTRODUCTION
Medicinal plan s ha e a long his o y o usage in adi ional
medicine. E hno-bo anical in o ma ion on medicinal plan s and
hei usage by indigenous cul u es is use ul in he conse a ion o
adi ional cul u es, biodi e si y, communi y heal h ca e, and d ug
de elopmen . The his o y o he use o medicinal plan s in India
has been passed down om one gene a ion o ano he (Ullah e al.,
2020). Folk ecipes a e p epa ed om he whole plan o om i s
di e en pa s, like lea , s em, ba k, oo , lowe , seed, e c., and
also om seconda y p oduc s such as gum, esins, and la ex. In he
human body, medicinal plan s in e ac di ec ly o indi ec ly wi h
he body's chemis y h ough hei chemical cons i uen s. T ace
elemen s ha e signi ican oles in comba ing a a ie y o human
ailmen s and diseases, as obse ed by he s udy o elemen s wi h
espec o indigenous medicinal plan s. Ca ha an hus oseus is an
e e g een sub-he b plan g owing o 1 m all. The lea es a e o al
o oblong, 2.5- 9.5 cm. long and hai less wi h a pale mid ib.
TRADITIONAL USES
Pe iwinkle has his o ically been used o ea a wide ange
o diseases. Wes e n esea che s no iced he plan in he 1950s
when hey lea n o a ea ha Jamaicans we e d inking o ea
diabe es. I con ains alkaloids ha lowe blood suga le els and
p e en bleeding. Ano he adi ional way o using he
Ca ha an hus oseus is Ayu eda. Ayu eda is an Indian
adi ional medical p ac ice ha ocuses on he medicinal
p ope ies o plan s. The pe iwinkle has been used in adi ional
medicine o ea muscle pain, dep ession o he cen al ne ous
sys em, and wasp s ings (Kuma e al.,2022). I is also used o
applying o apply o wounds and o heal wounds (Gajalakshmi e
al., 2013). Ajmalicine, inceine, espe ine, inc is ine, inblas ine,
and aubasin a e among he oughly 130 alkaloids p oduced.
Hodgkin's disease, b eas cance , skin cance , and lymphoblas ic
leukemia a e among he cance s ha inc is ine and inblas ine a e
used o ea (Dubey e al., 2020).
 Bo anical Name(s): Vinca Rosea (Ca ha an hus oseus)
 Family name: Apocynaceae
 Kingdom: Plan ae
 Di ision: Magnoliopsida (Flowe ing plan s)
 Class: Magnoliopsida (Dico yledons)
 O de : Gen ianales
 Family: Apocynaceae
 Genus: Ca ha an hus
 Species: C. oseus
 Ve nacula names: English: cayenne jasmine, old maid,
pe iwinkle
 Hindi: sada baha , sadabaha .
POTENTIALLY CHEMICAL ACTIVE
CONSTITUENTS
Ca ha an hus oseus con ains alkaloids ha could ha e
po en ial uses in cance ea men . Mo e han 400 alkaloids a e
p esen in he plan , which a e used as pha maceu icals,
ag ochemicals, la o and ag ance, ing edien s, ood addi i es,
and pes icides. Ac ineo plas ideme ic, Vinblas ine, Vinc is ine,
Vindesine, Vindeline Tabe sonine, and o he alkaloids a e mos ly
ound in he ae ial po ions, whe eas ajmalicine, inceine,
ineamine, aubasin, ese pine, ca ha an hine, and o he alkaloids
a e mos ly ound in he oo s and basal s em. The an hocyanin
pigmen osindin is p esen in he lowe o C. oseus (Se el e al.,
2011). Acco ding o E halsha and Re na (2014), hese alkaloids,
some o which ha e been ca ego ized as an ineoplas ic agen s o
inhibi ing o p e en ing he g ow h and sp ead o umo s o
malignan cells. These ac i e subs ances a e an i-ca cinogenic,
an i-oxida i e, hypoglycemic, an i-alle gic, and an ibio ic in na u e,
hus essen ial o he heal hy unc ioning o he body. S udies
e eal ha mos o he inca alkaloids we e i s isola ed om
IRASS Jou nal o Mul idisciplina y S udies Vol-2, Iss-11 (No embe -2025): 18-22
Vol-2, Iss-11 (No embe -2025)
19
Ca ha an hus oseus. Also, alkaloids ha a e isola ed om he
plan a e ound o be hypo ensi e, seda i e, and possess a
anquilizing e ec on he blood p essu e. Pe iwinkle alkaloids a e
ound o be used o he ea men o bo h malignan and
nonmalignan diseases and in he pla ele and pla ele -associa ed
diso de s (Jacobs e al., 2004).
TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS
Each plan issue o pe iwinkle p oduces a unique spec um
o e penoid indole alkaloids. Howe e , hey a e only p esen in he
plan 's ae ial po ions, no in i s sub e anean issues. The
an icance bisindole alkaloids we e disco e ed exclusi ely in he
ae ial egions. As a esul , iden i ying he s uc u al and egula o y
a iables ha ope a e speci ically in he plan 's shoo /lea would be
a common equi emen o modula ing bisindole alkaloid
p oduc ion. The di e en ial gene exp ession in he wo main
issues (lea and oo ) o he plan , which a e well known o hei
dis inc e penoid indole alkaloid p o iles, was elucida ed indi ec ly
h ough he cons uc ion and cha ac e iza ion o sepa a e cDNA
lib a ies and di ec ly h ough a s a egically designed supp ession
sub ac i e hyb idiza ion using he lea and oo cDNA
popula ions. The di ec me hod gene a ed one EST o (SDG)
(s ic osidine b-D-glucosidase) and 16 new ESTs ou o a o al o
155 ESTs submi ed o homology-based ca ego iza ion.
Polyamines and he cell cycle o Ca ha an hus oseus cells in
cul u e
Flow cy ome y was used o in es iga e he e ec o pa ial
deple ion o polyamines (PAs) caused by ea men wi h inhibi o s
o PA p oduc ion on cell dis ibu ion a each phase o he cell cycle
in pe iwinkle cells in suspension cul u es. Inhibi o s o a ginine
deca boxylase (ADC) and o ni hine deca boxylase (ODC) we e
shown o accumula e mo e cells in he G phase, whe eas
spe midine syn hase inhibi o s did no a ec cell dis ibu ion.
Du ing he cell cycle, wo maxima in he endogenous le el o PAs,
speci ically PUT and SPD, we e de ec ed. Be o e he e en , PA
le els we e ound o be much highe han PAs.
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
An i-cance /an ineoplas ic/an ica cinogenic e ec s
Vinblas ine and Vinc is ine a e an icance alkaloids
p oduced om he s em and lea es o Ca ha an hus oseus. Some
human cance s espond o hese alkaloids by slowing down hei
g ow h. Vinblas ine is a neoplas ic he apy ha has been es ed in
clinical ials and is indica ed o Hodgkin's disease and
cho ioca cinoma. Ano he alkaloid, inc is ine, is used o ea
childhood leukemia (Pa ha ajan and Abi ami, 2004). In i o,
di e en pe cen ages o me hanolic c ude ex ac s o Ca ha an hus
we e disco e ed o ha e subs an ial an icance ac i i y agains a
a ie y o cell ypes, wi h he g ea es ac i i y agains mul id ug-
esis an umo ypes. Velban o Vinc is ine a e wo b ands o
inblas ine ha a e o e ed as onco in. (Quideau e al., (2011).
Ca ha an hus ex ac s we e an ineoplas ic in i o, which
ul ima ely led o he licensing o he alkaloids as chemo he apies.
An i-diabe ic ac i i y
The e hanolic ex ac s o he lea es and lowe s o C.
oseus showed a dose-dependen lowe ing o blood suga
compa able o he s anda d d ug. Lowe ing o blood suga is
compa able o he s anda d d ug glibenclamide. Because o he
inc eased glucose consump ion in he li e , a hypoglycemic e ec
has de eloped. The impac o daily o al adminis a ion o
Ca ha an hus oseus (CR) lea dichlo ome hane: me hanol (1:1)
ex ac s (500 mg/ body weigh ) on blood glucose and li e
enzymes in no mal and Alloxan-induced diabe ic a s was
in es iga ed o 20 days. The ex ac caused he es animals' body
weigh o ise while hei blood glucose, u ea, and choles e ol
le els dec eased. Hepa ic enzyme ac i i y, such as hexokinase, was
enhanced, bu glucose 6-phospha ase and uc ose 1 6 1,6-
bisphospha e ac i i y was conside ably educed. Because o he
inc eased glucose consump ion in he li e , a hypoglycemic e ec
has de eloped. The In e na ional Jou nal o Pha macy and
Pha maceu ical Sciences is a pee - e iewed jou nal ha publishes
esea ch in he ields o pha macy and hypoglycemic ac ions o
alkaloids ex ac ed om C. oseus ha e been in es iga ed
pha macologically, and a medicine p oduced om he plan has
been sold as a he apy o ype 2 diabe es unde he adema ked
name Vinculin.
ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF
CATHTARANTHUS ROSEUS
As mos bac e ial pa hogens ha e de eloped esis ance o
many o he cu en an imic obial medicines, Ca ha an hus oseus
was disco e ed o be an essen ial medicinal plan o he c ea ion
o new pha maceu icals. Plan s a e a aluable na u al esou ce o
e ec i e chemo he apeu ic d ugs, and hey ha e a wide ange o
ac i i ies, wi h a ocus on p e en ion. The goal o his s udy is o
look a some o he plan 's an imic obial cha ac e is ics. C ude
ex ac s om di e en pa s o he plan we e es ed o an i-
bac e ial ac i i y. Ex ac om lea es showed signi ican ly highe
e icacy. The an i-bac e ial ac i i y o he lea ex ac o he plan
was checked agains mic oo ganisms like Pseudomonas
ae uginosa NCIM2036, Salmonella yphi NCIM2501, and
S aphylococcus au eus NCIM5021, and i was ound ha he
ex ac s could be used as a p ophylac ic agen in he ea men o
many diseases.
An i- ungi ac i i y
Kuma i and Gup a (2013) in es iga ed he A ican
pe iwinkle o i s an i ungal ac i i ies agains a numbe o
he apeu ically impo an ungal species, including Fusa ium
monili o m, Candida albicans, Aspe gillus nige , and Aspe gillus
umiga us. The expe imen was ca ied ou u ilizing he pape disc
di usion me hod, which employed h ee di e en ex ac ion media
(ace one, aqueous, and e hanol).
The esul s e ealed ha he inhibi ion pa e n is s ongly
elian on he ex ac ion sol en . Unlike he aqueous ex ac s, he
o ganic ex ac s showed mo e subs an ial an i ungal ac ion. In
e hanol ex ac s, he lea es demons a ed conside able inhibi ion
agains Fusa ium monili o m. The s udy suppo s ha he osy
pe iwinkle plan con ains an i ungal p ope ies.
An i- i al ac i i y
Pe iwinkle (Ca ha an hus oseus L.) con ains abou 100
alkaloids, including inc is ine and inblas ine, which a e used o
ea leukemia. Na u al in ec ions in pe iwinkle a e caused by
membe s o he Po y i idae amily, no ably Ca ha an hus mosaic
i us (Ca MV). The p esence o Ca MV in collec ed samples was
e i ied using a e e se ansc ip ion polyme ase chain eac ion
wi h app op ia e p ime s and a double an ibody sandwich enzyme-
IRASS Jou nal o Mul idisciplina y S udies Vol-2, Iss-11 (No embe -2025): 18-22
Vol-2, Iss-11 (No embe -2025)
20
linked immunoso ben assay. Ch oma og aphic me hods we e used
o assess he e ec o Ca MV in ec ion on inc is ine and
inblas ine. High-pe o mance liquid ch oma og aphy was used o
analyze all o he sepa a ed mix u es. A cha coal column was used
o sepa a e inblas ine and inc is ine. We looked a he possibili y
o using plan g ow h-p omo ing hizobac e ial isola es (Bacillus
sub ilis and Bacillus pumilus) o induce esis ance in hos plan s
agains i al in ec ion.
An i-bac e ia ac i i y
Ca ha an hus oseus is selec ed o e alua e he possibili y
o no el pha maceu icals. Mos o he bac e ial pa hogens a e
de eloping esis ance agains cu en ly a ailable an ibio ics. D y
powde ex ac s o all plan pa s demons a ed mo e an ibac e ial
ac i i y han ex ac s p epa ed om esh pa s. The e hanol ex ac
was ound o be mos ac i e agains almos all he bac e ial species
es ed.
An i-oxidan p ope y
The an ioxidan po en ial o he e hanolic ex ac o he
oo s o he wo a ie ies o C. oseus, namely osea (pink lowe )
and alba (whi e lowe ), was ob ained by using di e en sys ems o
assay, such as Hyd oxyl adical-sca enging ac i i y, pe oxide
adical-sca enging ac i i y, DPPH adical-sca enging ac i i y, and
ni ic oxide adical inhibi ion me hod. The esul ob ained p o ed
ha he e hanolic ex ac o he oo s o Pe iwinkle a ie ies has
exhibi ed a sa is ac o y sca enging e ec in he en i e assay in a
concen a ion-dependen manne , bu C. oseus was ound o
possess mo e an ioxidan ac i i y han ha o C. alba.
An i-helmin hic ac i i y
Helmin h in ec ions a e a ch onic illness, a ec ing human
beings and ca le. Ca ha an hus oseus was ound o be used om
he adi ional pe iod as an an i-helmin hic agen . Ca ha an hus
oseus' an i-helmin hic p ope ies we e assessed using Phe i hema
pos huma as an expe imen al model and Pipe azine ci a e as a
s anda d e e ence. The e hanolic ex ac a 250 mg/ml was shown
o ha e subs an ial an helmin hic ac ion wi h a dea h ime o 46.33
minu es, whe eas he e e ence medica ion a 50 mg/ml had a dea h
ime o 40.67 minu es. The e hnomedical claims o Ca ha an hus
oseus as an an helmin hic he b we e suppo ed by his s udy.
An i-ulce p ope y
Vincamine and Vindoline alkaloids o he plan showed
an i-ulce p ope ies. The alkaloid incamine, p esen in he plan
lea es, shows ce eb o- asodila o y and neu op o ec i e ac i i y.
The plan lea es showed an i-ulce ac i i y agains expe imen ally
induced gas ic damage in a s. Hypo ensi e p ope y: Ex ac o
lea es o he plan made a signi ican change in hypo ension. The
lea es ha e been known o con ain 150 use ul alkaloids, among
o he pha macologically ac i e compounds. Signi ican
an ihype glycemic and hypo ensi e ac i i y o he lea ex ac s
(hyd oalcoholic o dichlo ome hane-me hanol) has been epo ed
in labo a o y animals. In o ced swim-induced mice, he
me hanolic lea ex ac o Ca ha an hus oseus a doses o 250 and
500 mg/kg Pe O al (P.O.) signi ican ly educed he occu ence o
ulce s. The ulce a i e index inc eased in o ced swim-induced a s
as compa ed o he con ol g oup. A a dosage o 500 mg/kg, he
me hanolic lea ex ac o Ca ha an hus oseus exhibi ed a
subs an ial dec ease in he a o emen ioned pa ame e , equi alen o
he s anda d medica ion Rani idine (5 mg/kg). Ca ha an hus oseus
ex ac had a 62.56 pe cen p o ec ion index, whe eas con en ional
medica ion Rani idine had a 78.26 pe cen p o ec ion a ing.
In- i o An idia heal P ope y
The an i-dia heal ac i i y o he plan e hanolic lea
ex ac s we e es ed in he Wis a a s wi h cas o oil as an
expe imen al dia hea-inducing agen , in addi ion o he
p e ea men o he ex ac . The an i-dia heal e ec o e hanolic
ex ac s o C. oseus showed he dose-dependen inhibi ion o
cas o oil-induced dia hea.
Wound healing p ope y
Ra s ea ed wi h 100 mg /kg/day o he Ca ha an hus
oseus e hanol ex ac had a high a e o wound con ac ion
signi ican ly dec eased epi heliza ion pe iod, a signi ican inc ease
in d y weigh , and hyd oxyp oline con en o he g anula ion issue
when compa ed wi h he con ols. Wound con ac ion, oge he
wi h inc eased ensile s eng h and hyd oxyp oline con en ,
suppo s he use o C. oseus in he managemen o wound healing.
C. oseus has been used o elie ing muscle pain, dep ession o
he cen al ne ous sys em, and wasp s ings.
Hypolipidemic e ec
In a s udy, signi ican an i-a he oscle o ic ac i i y, as
sugges ed by a educ ion in he se um le els o o al choles e ol,
iglyce ides, his ology o he ao a, li e , and kidney, was
obse ed wi h he lea juice o Ca ha an hus oseus. This esul ed
om he an ioxidan e ec o la onoid, and p obably, a
inpoce ine-like compound p esen in he lea juice o
Ca ha an hus oseus.
Memo y enhancemen ac i i y
Vinpoce ine has been epo ed o ha e a a ie y o ac ions
ha would hypo he ically be bene icial in Alzheime ’s disease
(AD). The only s udy in es iga ing his agen in a well-de ined
coho o AD pa ien s ound no bene i . Me al analysis o olde
s udies o inpoce ine in poo ly-de ined demen ia popula ions
concluded ha he e is insu icien e idence o suppo i s clinical
use a his ime. Vinpoce ine has been well ole a ed a doses up o
60 mg/d in clinical ials o demen ia and s oke, and no signi ican
ad e se e en s.
Suppo o he B ain
Resea che s ha e disco e ed ha aking daily pills
con aining he ac i e compounds ound in he Pe iwinkle plan
helps o imp o e blood low o he b ain. I also aises he le els o
oxygen and glucose in he b ain, which a e necessa y o p ope
b ain unc ion. These daily doses ha e also been shown o be
bene icial in p e en ing and supp essing abe an blood
coagula ion in he b ain. They also aid in he ise o se o onin
le els in he b ain (a subs ance p esen in se um and blood pla ele s
ha unc ions as a neu o ansmi e and closes blood essels).
An i eedan ac i i y on lepidop e ous insec
Fi e ac ions ha we e ob ained om he oo o he
common pe iwinkle we e e alua ed o hei an i eedan ac i i y,
g ow h egula o y po en ial, and hei e ec on he ecundi y and
e ili y agains a ious s ages o a lepidop e ous insec , Spila c ia
obliqua. The chlo o o m and e hyl ace a e ac ions we e ound o
be highly e ec i e as an i eedan s, g ow h inhibi o s, and was
ound o caused s e ili y in he ea ed male adul s. Ini ial ins a s o
IRASS Jou nal o Mul idisciplina y S udies Vol-2, Iss-11 (No embe -2025): 18-22
Vol-2, Iss-11 (No embe -2025)
21
he es insec we e ound o be qui e suscep ible o he chlo o o m
ac ion a he concen a ion o 5%, whe eas he la e ins a la ae
we e ound o be una ec ed. Mo eo e , li le wo k has been done
on an i-insec p ope ies.
Bio- ungicide e ec s
Resea che s ha e ound ha he s em ex ac o
Ca ha an hus oseus can be used as a bio ungicide o con ol whi e
oo disease, which is he mos des uc i e disease ound in a
ubbe plan a ion in Malaysia and Indonesia. The esea ch was
ca ied ou by Zaini and Halimoon (2013) a he Uni e si y o
Malaya. The chlo ophyll con en , heigh , numbe o lea es, and
diame e we e all measu ed. Only G oup C o ubbe ees showed
ha he ex ac could s op Rigidopo us mic opo us om g owing.
The Rigidopo us mic opo us ungus was supp essed by Kemun ing
cina s em ex ac s, which we e an agonis ic. The s em ex ac s o
Ca ha an hus oseus we e shown o be e ec i e in educing he
e ec s o whi e oo in ec ions in he esea ch.
An i-Mu agenic and An i-Mi o ic E ec
The an i-mi o ic ac ion was demons a ed by gi ing emale
mice a 70% e hanol ex ac o d ied lea es, which p oduced
a o able ou comes in CA-Fh lich asci es s. ac i a ion o
me aphase a es in asci es cells. (Sha ma e al., 1982). They
disco e ed ha when ed blood cells (RBCs) we e exposed o a ho
wa e ex ac o d ied lea es, he numbe o mic onuclea ed
polych oma ic RBCs educed, p o ing C. oseus' an i-mu agenic
ac i i y. The mu agenic e ec o inc is ine, an alkaloid sec e ed
by C. oseus, was s udied using sex linked ecessi e le hal (SLRL)
es sys em in D osophila melanogas e . The esul s hus ob ained
showed ha inc is ine p oduced many ch omosomal e ec s,
a es ed cells a me aphase wi h highly con ac ed ch omosomes,
and inhibi ed ubulin polyme iza ion. When he oo ips o C.
oseus we e ea ed wi h e hyl me hane sulphona e (EMS) hen
se e al ch omosomal anomalies we e obse ed, such as pe sis en
nucleolus, condensa ion, agmen a ion, lagging b idge, cle , and
binuclea ed cells.
Vinc is ine, an alkaloid de i ed om Ca ha an hus oseus,
exe s signi ican mu agenic e ec s by dis up ing cellula
p ocesses du ing cell di ision in D osophila melanogas e , as
e idenced by he sex-linked ecessi e le hal es sys em
(Taghizadehghalehjoughi e al., 2019). This compound in e e es
wi h mic o ubule dynamics, a c i ical componen o cell di ision,
leading o me aphase a es cha ac e ized by highly condensed
ch omosomes (Ve ma e al., 2022). Vinc is ine's mechanism o
ac ion in ol es he inhibi ion o ubulin polyme iza ion, he eby
p e en ing he o ma ion o unc ional mic o ubules ha a e
essen ial o ch omosome seg ega ion du ing mi osis (Ve ma e al.,
2022). Simila o inc is ine, o he an i- ubulin agen s can ace
esis ance om cance cells h ough mechanisms such as he
o e exp ession o e lux pumps, which p e en s hem om
accumula ing o oxic le els inside cells, o s uc u al changes o
mic o ubules ha educe d ug binding (Dumon e & Šikić, 1999;
Kŕause, 2019). The dis up ion o mic o ubule dynamics is a well-
es ablished s a egy in cance chemo he apy, whe e agen s like
inblas ine bind o mic o ubule ends, supp essing hei dynamic
ins abili y and causing depolyme iza ion (Cas le e al., 2017;
Sale ni e al., 2010).
The exposu e o C. oseus oo ips o e hyl me hane
sulphona e, a po en alkyla ing agen , induces a ange o
ch omosomal abe a ions (Basu e al., 2015). These abe a ions
include pe sis en nucleoli, ch omosome condensa ion,
agmen a ion, lagging b idges, cle o ma ion, and binuclea ed
cells, all indica i e o dis up ed cell di ision. Alkyla ing agen s
like die hylsul a e and dime hylsul a e induce signi ican
physicochemical and mo phological al e a ions in DNA, leading o
de ec able changes in i s s uc u e and beha io (Kubiński e al.,
1981).
CONCLUSION
E en hough many con en ional medicines we e aken
wi hou knowing he unde lying mechanism, hei e ec i eness
may be u he shown using cu en echnologies and ins umen s.
The ac i e ing edien ha causes he pha macological ac ion may
be easily iden i ied and comme cialized as a d ug p oduc wi h he
necessa y pe mission om he app op ia e o ganiza ions. One o
he 21000 signi ican he apeu ic plan s disco e ed is Ca ha an hus
oseus. I 's used o ea a a ie y o ailmen s, including diabe es,
so e mou h, o al ulce s, and leukemia. Abou 130 alkaloids a e
p oduced, including ese pine, inceine, aubasin, and ajmalicine.
Vinblas ine and inc is ine ha e an i-leukemic ac ion. The quan i y
o alkaloids p oduced by di e en sec ions o his plan a ies, wi h
he oo ba k p oducing he mos , almos 1.79 pe cen . Se e al
s udies ha e shown ha i has an imic obial ac ion agains
S aphylococcus au eus, Bacillus mega e ium, Shigella,
Pseudomonas, and o he bac e ia. I has also been ound o ha e
an ioxidan and an imu agenic p ope ies. To lea n mo e abou i s
an i- umo p ope ies, mo e esea ch is needed. Ancien medicine
could be explo ed o iden i y no el d ug o mula ions ha a e mo e
e ec i e wi h ewe side e ec s and also cheape cos . Mo e wo k
could be done on he abo e plan o e eal he unknown mys e ies,
which would help he needs o he p esen pha maceu ical wo ld in
he u u e.
REFERENCES
1. Che u h Abdul Jaleel, Soil Salini y Regimes Al e
An ioxidan Enzyme Ac i i ies in Two Va ie ies o
Ca ha an hus oseus. Bo any Resea ch In e na ional,
2009; 2 (2): 64-68, 009.
2. A al CK, Kapu , BM, Cul i a ion and U iliza ion o
Medicinal and A oma ic Plan s, Regional Resea ch
Labo a o y, Jammu Tawhai. 1977; p. 138.
3. Mish a P, Kuma S. Eme gence o pe iwinkle
Ca ha an hus oseus as a model sys em o molecula
biology o alkaloids: phy ochemis y, pha macology,
plan biology and in i o and in i o cul i a ion. Jou nal
o Medicinal and A oma ic Plan Sciences, 2000; 22:
306– 337.
4. De Luca V, Cu le AJ, Subcellula localiza ion o
enzymes in ol ed in indole alkaloid biosyn hesis in
Ca ha an hus oseus. Plan Physiology, 1987; 85: 1099-
1102.
5. Raza ML, Nasi M, Abbas T, Naq i BS. An ibac e ial
ac i i y o di e en ex ac s om he Ca ha an hus
oseus. Clin Exp Med 2009; 3: 81-88.
6. Noo Z.A.W; Aziah A., Nazilina I; Phy ochemis y,
cy o oxici y and an i i al ac i i y o Ca ha an hus oseus
2020;12(5):460-465.
IRASS Jou nal o Mul idisciplina y S udies Vol-2, Iss-11 (No embe -2025): 18-22
Vol-2, Iss-11 (No embe -2025)
22
7. Nisan e al., An upda ed e iew on Ca ha an hus oseus:
phy ochemical and pha macological analysis;9(2016)
631-653.
8. Aga wal, S., Jacob, S., Che i, N., Bisoyi, S., Tazeen,
A., Vedamu hy, A. B., K ishna, V. and Hoske i, H. J.
(2011), E alua ion o In- i o An helmin ic Ac i i y o
Ca ha an hus oseus Ex ac , In e na ional Jou nal o
Pha maceu ical Sciences and D ug Resea ch, 3(3), pp.
211-213.
9. Singh SN, Va s P, Su i S. E ec o an an idiabe ic
ex ac o Ca ha an hus oseus on enzymic ac i i ies in
s ep ozo ocin-induced diabe ic a s. Jou nal o
E hnopha macology. 2001; 76:269 -77.
10. Mi hun Singh Rajpu , Veena Nai , Akansha Chauhan.
E alua ion o An idia heal Ac i i y o Ae ial Pa s o
Vinca majo in Expe imen al Animals. Middle-Eas
Jou nal o Scien i ic Resea ch. 2011; 7(5):784 -788.
11. Ullah, R., Alqah ani, A. S., Noman, O. M. A., Alqah ani,
A. M., Ibenmoussa, S., & Bou hia, M. (2020). A e iew
o e hno-medicinal plan s used in adi ional medicine in
he Kingdom o Saudi A abia. Saudi jou nal o
biological sciences, 27(10), 2706–2718.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.020
12. Kuma , S., Singh, B., & Singh, R. (2022). Ca ha an hus
oseus (L.) G. Don: A e iew o i s e hnobo any,
phy ochemis y, e hnopha macology and
oxici ies. Jou nal o e hnopha macology, 284, 114647.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114647
13. Dubey, Anubha & Tiwa i, Deepanshi & S i as a a,
Kshama & P akash, Om & Kushwaha, Rohi . (2020). A
discussion on he Vinca plan . 09. 27-31.
14. an De Heijden, R., Jacobs, D. I., Snoeije , W., Halla d,
D., & Ve poo e, R. (2004). The Ca ha an hus alkaloids:
pha macognosy and bio echnology. Cu en medicinal
chemis y, 11(5), 607–628.
h ps://doi.o g/10.2174/0929867043455846
15. Se el, S., Fu, Y., Zu, Y., Rebacz, B., Konkimalla, B.,
Plinke , P. K., K äme , A., Ge sch, J., & E e h, T.
(2011). Molecula docking and pha macogenomics o
inca alkaloids and hei monome ic p ecu so s,
indoline and ca ha an hine. Biochemical
pha macology, 81(6), 723–735.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.bcp.2010.12.026
16. Zhou, M. L., Shao, J. R., & Tang, Y. X. (2009).
P oduc ion and me abolic enginee ing o e penoid
indole alkaloids in cell cul u es o he medicinal plan
Ca ha an hus oseus (L.) G. Don (Madagasca
pe iwinkle). Bio echnology and applied
biochemis y, 52(P 4), 313–323.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1042/BA20080239
17. Dumon e & Šikić (1999): Dumon e , C., & Šikić, B. I.
(1999). Mechanisms o ac ion and esis ance o ubulin-
binding agen s. Eu opean Jou nal o Cance , 35(11),
1539-1544.