In e na ional Jou nal o Inno a i e Technology and Explo ing Enginee ing (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075 (Online), Volume-14 Issue-12, No embe 2025
1
Published By:
Blue Eyes In elligence Enginee ing
and Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP)
© Copy igh : All igh s ese ed.
Re ie al Numbe : 100.1/iji ee.D831314041125
DOI: 10.35940/iji ee.D8313.14121125
Jou nal Websi e: www.iji ee.o g
A Pa ame ic S udy on PSC In eg al B idge
P iyada shani Mish , Roshni John
Abs ac : In eg al B idges a e join less b idges in which he deck
is con inuous and monoli hic wi h abu men walls, and
supe s uc u e and subs uc u e connec ions a e monoli hic.
Bea ing- ype b idge obse ed unsea ing o he deck du ing he
ea hquake, necessi a ing eplacemen o he bea ings and
expansion join , esul ing in high main enance cos s. Due o hei
con inui y, in eg al b idges a e less expensi e, possess an
aes he ically pleasing appea ance, and imp o e iding quali y &
low main enance cos s. To o e come he p oblem o he bea ing
b idge, an in eg al b idge has been p oposed. A li e a u e e iew
o in eg al b idges and bea ing b idges has been conduc ed and
p esen ed. To unde s and beha iou unde di e en loading
condi ions, a compa a i e s udy was conduc ed o In eg al
b idges and b idges wi h bea ings. Fo he p esen s udy, a 2-lane
b idge wi h wo spans and an indi idual span leng h o 30m is
conside ed. PSC I-gi de supe s uc u e and RCC solid ci cula
pie and wall- ype abu men a e used. Fo a compa a i e s udy, all
p ope ies and loadings a e kep cons an ; he only change is made
o he suppo condi ion be ween he supe s uc u e and he
subs uc u e. A pa ame ic s udy was conduc ed o analyse he
PSC I gi de In eg al b idge wi h di e en skew angles, and also
he e ec o No. o Lanes. Analysis o hese models has been done
using Midas Ci il as a compu a ional ool.
Keywo ds: In eg al P es essed Conc e e B idges, Shea Fo ces,
Bea ing B idges, Bending Momen s, P es essing Fo ces,
Ma e ial P ope ies, Fini e Elemen Analysis, To sional E ec s,
Displacemen , IRC Loading.
Nomencla u e:
IB: In eg al B idge
IRC: Indian Road Cong ess
SSI: Soil-S uc u e In e ac ion
I. INTRODUCTION
B idges we e cons uc ed wi hou expansion join s and
bea ings o many cen u ies. In he 20 h cen u y, as
enginee ing and analysis ad anced, he addi ion o join s and
bea ings in b idge design became sophis ica ed. Recen yea s
ha e seen a mo e analy ical app oach o b idge design, leading
o he cons uc ion o new highway b idges ha employ
sophis ica ed expansion join s o sliding bea ings o mi iga e
he mal impac s and la e al displacemen s.
To educe he b idge's span and ans e he supe s uc u e's
load o he subs uc u e, join s a e used in b idge cons uc ion.
Manusc ip ecei ed on 30 Oc obe 2025 | Fi s Re ised
Manusc ip ecei ed on 05 No embe 2025 | Second Re ised
Manusc ip ecei ed on 10 No embe 2025 | Manusc ip
Accep ed on 15 No embe 2025 | Manusc ip published on 30
No embe 2025.
*Co espondence Au ho (s)
P iyada shani Mish a*, Depa men o Ci il Enginee ing, Sa aswa i
College o Enginee ing, Kha gha , Na i Mumbai (M.H.), India. Email ID:
p iyada shanimish [email protected], ORCID ID: 0009-0002-4920-6715
P o . Roshni John, Depa men o Ci il Enginee ing, Sa aswa i College
o Enginee ing, Kha gha , Na i Mumbai (M.H.), India. Email ID:
oshni.joh[email p o ec ed]u.in, ORCID ID: 0009-0002-3977-5439
© The Au ho s. Published by Blue Eyes In elligence Enginee ing and
Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP). This is an open-access a icle unde he
CC-BY-NC-ND license h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
These kinds o b idges a e known as "Bea ing b idges o
Join ed b idges." He e, he e a e issues wi h he
a o emen ioned inclusion om bo h an aes he ic and p ac ical
s andpoin . The p ima y conce n obse ed in b idges buil
o e he pas 50 yea s is he dis ess in hese componen s,
namely join s and bea ings.
[Fig.1: Schema ic Rep esen a ion o he In eg al B idge]
An In eg al B idge (IB) is a s uc u e wi hou expansion
join s in he supe s uc u e o bea ings o e he abu men s.
Unlike adi ional b idge design, whe e IBs ea u e a
monoli hic connec ion be ween he supe s uc u e and
subs uc u e (pie s and abu men s), adi ional b idge
cons uc ion employs bea ings o suppo he supe s uc u e,
ans e ing all o ces o he subs uc u e o ounda ion
h ough hem. Because o he mal c eep o sh inkage-induced
mo emen s, adi ional b idges wi h expansion join s and
bea ings can mo e and o a e hei deck wi hou ans e ing
any o ce o he ounda ion, abu men o pie ”. When an IB is
p esen , he mo emen o he deck is ans e ed o he
abu men and back ill soil behind i .
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
A i Chau asiya e al. (2023) [1] had he main aim o
compa ing he use o s eel pla e gi de s and p es essed
conc e e gi de s in u ban loca ions. The s udy comp ises he
design o PSC and s eel pla e gi de s o a 30m span. The
analysis is pe o med using he CSI BRIDGE p og amme.
Calcula ions o bending momen , shea o ce, longi udinal
displacemen , e ical displacemen , and de lec ion a e pa o
he s udy. I was concluded ha he gi de bending momen
a ied by 56% and he shea o ce by 26%. Pla e gi de s ha e
45% la ge e ical displacemen s han PSC gi de s. The
esul s show ha he PSC gi de ’s bending momen and shea
o ce a e signi ican ly highe han hose o he S eel Pla e
gi de s. The inc ease is due o he PSC gi de ’s sel -weigh ,
which p oduces a signi ican bending momen and shea o ce.
Abdollahnia H, e al. (2020) [2] conduc ed a s udy on he
a igue li e o H-shaped s eel
piles o an in eg al conc e e
b idge amed in he sea.
Using CATIA so wa e, a
A Pa ame ic S udy on PSC In eg al B idge
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Jou nal Websi e: www.iji ee.o g
model o he in eg al b idge, app oxima ely 90 me es long
and ea u ing 42 s eel pipes, was p epa ed. Two s ess s udies
we e conside ed du ing analysis. The i s model in which
s a ic analysis has been pe o med, conside ing wa e mo ion,
is s ill. In he second model, a dynamic analysis was
pe o med o accoun o wa e-clash ac ion in he sea and o
ex ac he o al de o ma ion a he op o he piles. By ini e
elemen analysis, i was ound ha , o mechanical beha iou ,
he e was no signi ican di e ence be ween s a ic and dynamic
analyses; howe e , du ing dynamic analysis, pile de o ma ion
was subs an ial due o he con inuous ac ion o sea wa es. A
ini e elemen and p obabilis ic app oach was used o ind
a igue analysis o H-shaped s eel piles. I also ound ha no
a igue damage occu ed in any pa o he b idge du ing he
s a ic analysis.
Fe nando V, e al. (2019) [3] pe o med a dynamic soil-
s uc u e in e ac ion (SSI) analysis using he FLAC(2D)
p og am on a span b idge. B idges a e made up o a se ies o
beam and pile componen s ha in e ac wi h he con inuous
medium h ough s anda d and shea soil sp ings. While
in oducing elemen s in o he model, he slippage in e ac ion
be ween he abu men and soil was conside ed. The abu men s
we e suppo ed by piles d i en in o he bed ock and ock
socke s. The middle pie is suppo ed and ex ended in o he
bed ock. Based on he SSI analysis, he seismic esponses o
he ounda ion-b idge sys em we e compu ed and compa ed
wi h hose epo ed in he li e a u e.
Mohamed T. e al (2018) [4] pe o med a ini e elemen
in es iga ion in o he beha iou o in eg al abu men b idges
unde al e na e cycles o seasonal empe a u e a ia ions on
he b idge. Elas oplas ic analysis has been p oposed and
ca ied ou on a wo-dimensional FE model o a ein o ced
conc e e mul i-span slab b idge. S eel H- H-piles suppo ed
he b idge abu men . A mul is age nume ical Fini e Elemen
model was p oposed, capable o bo h b idge cons uc ion and
back illing. Due o empe a u e e ec s, ea h p essu es we e
p edic ed o a y wi h b idge leng h. The esul s showed ha
he b idge s uc u e leng h, he empe a u e cycle, and he
back ill ma e ial's s i ness a ec he design ea h p essu es.
S ill, he ela i e s i ness be ween he b idge deck and he
abu men has minimal e ec .
Quinn B.H., e al. (2017) [5] conduc ed a pa ame ic analysis
o s eel gi de IABs, compa ing he impac o pile o ien a ion
on b idges wi h di e en skews o leng hs using ini e-elemen
models. Fo his s udy, skew angles o 0, 15, 30, and 45° we e
used o analyse b idge leng hs o 15.2 m, 30.5 m, and 45.7 m.
The o ien a ions o H-pile webs, conside ed ho izon al and
e ical o he abu men cen eline, we e in es iga ed and
compa ed. Following he mal eac ion o he models, he
ollowing indings we e ob ained: “Weak-axis o s ong-axis
bending momen s o piles, displacemen s o abu men s o
piles, a ios o maximum bending momen s o yield momen s.
Ou comes showed ha ” he op imal o ien a ion o pile does
no depend on one ac o bu also on o he ac o s.
LaFa e J.M., e al. (2016) [6] ocused on he mal changes
consis en wi h seasonal luc ua ions h ough nume ical
analysis, elabo a ing on he beha iou o IABs wi h composi e
s eel I-gi de s. The analysis esul s indica ed ha expansion
leng h has a p ima y in luence on b idge longi udinal
mo emen unde he mal loads, ega dless o gi de ,
abu men , o pile design. I also shows ha he supe s uc u e
gi de esponse (elas ic) and he subs uc u e pile esponse
(inelas ic) o supe s uc u e empe a u e change a e in luenced
by pa ame e s such as EEL, pile size, skew, and he o a ional
limi imposed by he supe s uc u e on he subs uc u e. The
esul s p esen ed he e sugges ha supe s uc u e geome y
should be conside ed, ei he di ec ly o indi ec ly, in IAB
subs uc u e design, and ha he mally induced s esses and
s ains should be accoun ed o in bo h supe s uc u e and
subs uc u e design.
Dunja Pe ic e al. (2016) [7] in es iga ed he beha iou o a
h ee-span in eg al b idge unde he combined e ec s o
empe a u e and g a i y. The b idge model o analysis
consis ed o he supe s uc u e, wo se s o pie s, wo
abu men s, and ou een HP s eel piles (se en a each
abu men ). The bending axis was o ien ed pa allel o he
b idge's longi udinal di ec ion. A e success ul jus i ica ion
and con i ma ion o he analysed model, se e al loadings wi h
a ying empe a u e inc eases we e simula ed in he p esence
o di e en soils adjacen o he abu men . The analysis
concluded ha he compac ion le el be ween soil adjacen o
abu men s, he magni ude o he mal load e ec s on in e nal
o ces in he subs uc u e, and he maximum bending momen
in piles we e o conce n.
III. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
A. Aim
The pu pose o his esea ch is o unde s and he beha iou
o he PSC in eg al b idge and he PSC con en ional b idge in
e ms o momen , shea and de lec ion unde IRC loading
condi ions. Addi ionally, he s udy analyses di e en
pa ame e s o he PSC In eg al b idge o skew angles anging
om 0 o 20 deg ees and a ying numbe s o lanes. I p esen s
he b idge's s uc u al beha iou in e ms o o ces and
momen s.
B. Objec i es
i. To analyze and s udy he PSC IB and compa e i wi h
Con en ional PSC b idge unde “ac ion o Dead loads,
IRC loads.
ii. To pe o m analysis on PSC IB wi h a ying skew
angles om 0 o 20 deg ees.
iii. To s udy s uc u al esponses p esen ed in e ms o
a ios o bending momen , shea o ce, o sional
momen , and e ical de lec ion.
i . To ob ain a ia ion o s uc u al esponse o b idges
unde Dead load o mo ing loads, B idges ac ing unde
he in luence o Dead and Li e loads o pa ame e s,
namely, skew angle, Numbe o lanes.
IV. PROBLEM STATEMENT
In he p esen s udy, wo
b idges, i.e., he In eg al
B idge and he Con en ional
In e na ional Jou nal o Inno a i e Technology and Explo ing Enginee ing (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075 (Online), Volume-14 Issue-12, No embe 2025
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Published By:
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and Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP)
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DOI: 10.35940/iji ee.D8313.14121125
Jou nal Websi e: www.iji ee.o g
B idge, a e modelled in Midas Ci il as compu a ional ools.
P ope ies a e kep cons an in bo h b idges o compa ison;
only he bounda y condi ions a e changed. B ie modelling
de ails o in eg al and con en ional b idges, e.g., c oss-sec ion
de ails, ma e ial p ope ies, bounda y condi ions, and loading
condi ions, a e gi en in his chap e below. To de e mine he
beha iou o PSC in eg al b idges wi h a ia ions in skew
angles (0°, 10°, and 20°) and numbe o lanes, using li e loads
as speci ied in IRC 6-2017 o Class A and Class 70R ehicles.
The ollowing b idges a e analyzed and modelled.
A. In eg al b idge wi h PSC I-gi de dep h o 1.8m,60m
span leng h, ha ing wo spans.
B. Con en ional b idge wi h PSC I-gi de dep h o 1.8m,
60m span leng h, ha ing wo spans.
C. The in eg al b idge consis s o a PSC I-gi de wi h a
skew angle a ying om 0° o 20°, and a o al span
leng h o 60m
D. The in eg al b idge consis s o a PSC I-gi de wi h a
o al span leng h o 60m and is analysed o a ying
numbe s o lanes, i.e., 2-, 3-, o 4-lane con igu a ions.
[Fig.2: 3D FEM o PSC In eg al B idge]
E. The Ma e ial A ibu es Employed in he Model a e
as Follows
i. Conc e e P ope ies:
▪ The mal coe icien - 1.2 𝗑 10 ˉ5/0C
▪ Poisson’s a io – 0.2
▪ “Young's modulus (E) = 3.35 10· kN/m²
▪ G ade o conc e e – M40 = 40 N/mm²
▪ Weigh densi y – 25 KN/m3
ii. Tendon P ope ies:
▪ Numbe o s ands – 19
▪ Elas ic sho ening s ess = 20684.274kN/m²
▪ Diame e o he p e-s essing cable = ASTM 0.5
▪ Type o p e-s essing - pos - ensioning
▪ Nominal ul ima e b eaking o ce= 183.7kN/s and
▪ Modulus o Elas ici y = Eps = 1.968” 108kN/m²
▪ Sh inkage s ess = 48263.31kN/m²
▪ Pe missible ini ial p es essing o ce 143.83 kN/
s and
▪ To al endon a ea - 0.00187549 m²
▪ Wobble coe icien =0.0020/m
▪ S eel elaxa ion s ess = 34473.79kN/m²
▪ C eep s ess = 34473.79kN/m²
▪ Ancho age Slip = 6.35 10ˉ3m
▪ P e-s essing S and diame e = 13mm (0.5”
s and)
iii. S eel (Reba ) P ope ies:
▪ G ade o p es essing s eel = E250
▪ G ade o s eel - 500 N/mm²
▪ Minimum yield s ess = Fy = 5 x 107 kN/m²
V. METHODOLOGY
The s udy is ca ied ou o in es iga e an I-gi de In eg al
PSC b idge skewed a di e en angles using MIDAS CIVIL
so wa e, and o compa e i wi h a Con en ional PSC b idge.
The modelling and analysis ha e been ca ied ou wi h
MIDAS Ci il.
The s eps o accomplish ou goal a e as ollows.
A. A PSC In eg al I- gi de b idges skewed a di e en
angles wi h an in e al o 10 deg ees, a ying om 0 o
20 deg ees, by using MIDAS CIVIL so wa e.
B. “The PSC I gi de b idges we e examined o dead load,
li e load, o mo ing load”, aking in o accoun a class
70R and class A ehicle.
C. The c oss-sec ion a midspan o he PSC In eg al b idge
is shown below:
[Fig.3: C oss-Sec ion a Midspan o I-Gi de ]
D. DL is he sel -weigh o each b idge componen . Dead
load is applied by using he sel -weigh command in
Midas Ci il. This load consis s o a dead load o he
c ash ba ie and a wea ing coa o e he deck. In he
p esen s udy, a 75 mm- hick wea ing coa is assumed
o ha e a densi y o 22 kN/m3.
i. In ensi y o c ash ba ie load- 10 kN/m
ii. In ensi y o wea ing coa load- 1.65 kN/m2
E. Highway b idges mus be designed o he ehicula
load speci ied by he Indian Road Cong ess (IRC), as
o mula ed in IRC 6:2017. The s anda d IRC loads
speci ied in he IRC code we e g ouped in o ou
ca ego ies: IRC 70 R loading, IRC Class AA loading,
IRC Class A loading, and IRC Class B loading. In his
s udy, IRC 70R o IRC Class A loading is used. A wheel
load ain, which con ains a d i ing ehicle o wo
aile s wi h speci ied axle spacings, is included in Class
A and Class 70 R loading. To ensu e secu e ou comes
o all ypes o ehicles passing o e he b idge, i is
ecommended o use hypo he ical ehicles as li e loads.
A Pa ame ic S udy on PSC In eg al B idge
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[Fig.4: CLASS a Vehicle (IRC 6: 2017 Clause 204.1)]
[Fig.5: CLASS a Vehicle (IRC 6: 2016 Clause 204.1)]
VI. RESULTS
A. Compa ison be ween In eg al and Con en ional PSC
B idge
This chap e p esen s esul s om ini e elemen analysis
o bo h con en ional and in eg al b idge models unde
di e en loading condi ions. The esponses o bo h models
a e discussed in e ms o momen and shea o ces.
Table I: Compa ison Be ween In eg al and
Con en ional PSC I-Gi de B idge
In eg al B idge
Con en ional B idge
DL+LL
DL+LL
Momen a midspan
(kNm)
4908.5
6901.45
Momen a end o
gi de (kNm)
2462
0
To sion
Momen (kNm)
985
1104
Shea o ce(kN)
1044.67
896.5
The ollowing conclusions a e de i ed om he analysis's
indings:
In eg al b idges a e mo e e icien han Con en ional
b idges.
i. Bending momen s in he supe s uc u e a mid-span a e
dec eased in he in eg al b idge model unde pe manen
load (Dead load, SIDL Load, and SSDL load). Also, a
nega i e momen is gene a ed a he supe s uc u e end in
an in eg al b idge due o suppo ixi y. Whe eas, in a
con en ional b idge, ze o momen is ound a he
supe s uc u e end loca ion.
ii. The magni ude o o sional momen s in an in eg al b idge
dec ease as he s aigh span inc eases.
B. E ec on PSC In eg al B idge wi h Di e en
Pa ame e s
The ollowing pa ame e s a e conside ed o addi ional
esea ch o unde s and hei impac : skew angle and numbe .
o lanes. Fo skew angles a e 0°,10° & 20°, and o No. o
lanes: 2, 3, and 4 lanes a e conside ed o an I-gi de PSC
In eg al b idge.
i. E ec on Skew Angle on PSC In eg al B idge
In he ollowing sec ion, all pa ame e s a e p esen ed in
abula and g aphical o m.
Table II: Compa ison o Bending Momen o Di e en
Skew Angles
Bending Momen (kNm)
Span(m)
0°
10°
20°
DL+LL
DL+LL
DL+LL
0
4625
6741
10741
15
3764
5117
8917
30
4635
5965
9465
45
4514
5962
9662
60
4985
6862
11862
[Fig.6: Compa ison o Bending Momen o Di e en
Skew Angles]
Table III: Compa ison o Shea Fo ce o Di e en
Skew Angles
Shea Fo ce (kN)
Span(m)
0°
10°
20°
DL+LL
DL+LL
DL+LL
0
756
597
884
15
502
926
1543
30
684
931
1833
45
715
750
1318
60
332
530
845
[Fig.7: Compa ison o Shea Fo ce o Di e en Skew Angles]
Table IV: Compa ison o To sion Momen o Di e en
Skew Angles
To sion Momen (kNm)
Span(m)
0°
10°
20°
DL+LL
DL+LL
DL+LL
0
517
3464
4768
15
984
4987
5971
30
929
4306
6744
45
704
4500
5975
60
342
2923
5894
In e na ional Jou nal o Inno a i e Technology and Explo ing Enginee ing (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075 (Online), Volume-14 Issue-12, No embe 2025
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[Fig.8: Compa ison o To sion Momen o Di e en
Skew Angles]
Table V: Compa ison o Ve ical Displacemen o
Di e en Skew Angles
Ve ical Displacemen (mm)
Span(m)
0°
10°
20°
DL+LL
DL+LL
DL+LL
0
0
0
0
15
11
14
19
30
22
25
32
45
30
36
41
60
39
46
51
[Fig.9: Compa ison o Ve ical Displacemen o
Di e en Skew Angles]
i. E ec o No. O Lanes on Skew PSC In eg al B idge
▪ Bending Momen
Table VI: Hogging Bending Momen
Hogging Bending Momen (kNm)
Skew
Angle
2 lanes
3 lanes
4 lanes
DL+LL
DL+LL
DL+LL
0
3779.78
6740.65
9534.03
10
5962.7
9920.78
15873.76
20
10863
18375.85
25013.24
[Fig.10: Hogging Momen ]
Table VII: Sagging Bending Momen
Sagging Bending Momen (kNm)
Skew
Angle
2 lanes
3 lanes
4 lanes
DL+LL
DL+LL
DL+LL
0
3635.19
7281.42
10741.74
10
5965.98
10017.9
16100.86
20
9954.98
19103.5
26213.79
[Fig.11: Sagging Momen ]
▪ Shea o ce
Table VIII: Shea Fo ce
Shea Fo ce (kN)
Skew
Angle
2 lanes
3 lanes
4 lanes
DL+LL
DL+LL
DL+LL
0
758.2
3356.78
4706.19
10
980.91
5642.87
7806.94
20
1956.4
7585.39
9926.89
[Fig.12: Shea Fo ce]
Table IX: To sion Momen
To sion Momen (kNm)
Skew
Angle
2 lanes
3 lanes
4 lanes
DL+LL
DL+LL
DL+LL
0
1060.55
4028.6
7706.19
10
5978.94
8400.2
12806.94
20
9147.9
11389.69
19926.89
[Fig.13: To sion Momen ]
Table X: Ve ical Displacemen
Ve ical Displacemen
Skew
Angle
2 lanes
3 lanes
4 lanes
DL+LL
DL+LL
DL+LL
0
38.868
55.49
66.2
10
45.97
55.19
64.95
20
50.868
54.18
61.72
A Pa ame ic S udy on PSC In eg al B idge
6
Published By:
Blue Eyes In elligence Enginee ing
and Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP)
© Copy igh : All igh s ese ed.
Re ie al Numbe : 100.1/iji ee.D831314041125
DOI: 10.35940/iji ee.D8313.14121125
Jou nal Websi e: www.iji ee.o g
[Fig.14: Ve ical Displacemen ]
VII. CONCLUSION
In his s udy, p es essed b idges skewed a di e en angles
will be s udied o hei o ces and momen s. A ange o load
condi ions, including p es essing, dead, and mo ing loads,
was conside ed o moni o s uc u al pa ame e s, including
o sional e ec s, bending momen s, shea o ces, and
de lec ions.
The ou comes ob ained om he analysis o he in eg al
p es essed b idge a e as ollows:
A. Unde IRC loading, analysis o bending momen , shea
o ce, and o sion in PSC in eg al skew b idges is he
main opic o esea ch.
B. Bending momen s in he supe s uc u e a mid-span in
he in eg al b idge a e educed by 39% unde pe manen
load and o mo ing load cases.
C. B idges wi h skew angles lowe han 20° a e simple
enough o design because he skewness o he b idge has
an insigni ican e ec be ween 10° and 20°.
D. The edis ibu ion o bending momen in PSC In eg al
skew b idges is maximum nea he suppo s, as he
In eg al b idge ac s as a con inuous o monoli hic
s uc u e, so he s uc u e becomes s i e a he suppo
and ca ies mo e momen . In con as , ewe momen s
a e ans e ed o midspan, as obse ed in he s udy.
E. To sional momen s showed he mos signi ican impac ,
inc easing by nea ly 60% om 10° skew o 20° skew.
Since he suppo s a e no in he same line, he leading
cause o his is inc eased eccen ici y in he ans e se
di ec ion.
F. The b idge obse ed a maximum 57% educ ion in
de lec ion unde mo ing and dead loads.
G. As obse ed, No. o lanes signi ican ly on skew b idges,
because each lane con ibu es o he li e load and a ic
pe IRC loading; as he numbe o lanes inc eases, he
li e load and momen s inc ease.
FUTURE SCOPE
A. S udy can be done wi h di e en deck sys ems, like a
oided slab and a Box gi de .
B. In he p esen wo k, Dead load o li e loads, i.e, Class
A and Class 70R, we e conside ed. Fo u he esea ch,
di e en IRC loadings may be ega ded as.
C. The s udy can be done wi h he empe a u e e ec and
wi h he inclusion o he se lemen o suppo .
D. In he p esen S udy, only he b idge deck is conside ed;
o u he in es iga ion, pie and ounda ion may be
conside ed.
DECLARATION STATEMENT
A e agg ega ing inpu om all au ho s, I mus e i y he
accu acy o he ollowing in o ma ion as he a icle's au ho .
▪ Con lic s o In e es / Compe ing In e es s: Based on
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ha he esea ch is conduc ed wi h objec i i y and wi hou
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con en o his a icle does no necessi a e e hical app o al
o consen o pa icipa e wi h suppo ing documen a ion.
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adequa e esou ces o his a icle a e publicly accessible.
▪ Au ho ’s Con ibu ions: The au ho ship o his a icle is
con ibu ed equally o all pa icipa ing indi iduals.
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A i Chau asiya and Anjali Rai (2023), “Compa a i e S udy o
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Resea ch, Vol. 10, Issue 10.
h ps://www.je i .o g/pape s/JETIR2310381.pd
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H. Abdollahnia and K.R. Kashyzadeh (2020), “Fa igue li e assessmen
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Viji Fe nando and Mahmood S. Ka basi (2019), “Nume ical
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h ps://ascelib a y.o g/doi/10.1061/9780784482100.005.
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AUTHOR’S PROFILE
P iyada shani Mish a ob ained he B.E. deg ee in Ci il
Enginee ing om MGM College o Enginee ing
(a ilia ed wi h he Uni e si y o Mumbai), Kamo he,
Maha ash a, India, in 2018. She is pu suing he M.E. in
he Depa men o Ci il Enginee ing a he Sa aswa i
College o Enginee ing, Mumbai Uni e si y. He cu en
esea ch in e es s include he S uc u al analysis o In eg al P es essed
b idges. She has decen expe ience in he design o mino and majo b idges.
She has expe ise in Indian Codes, such as IRC 6: 2017, IRC 112: 2020, and
IS 1343: 2012, among o he s.
P o . Roshni John, B. Tech (Ci il Engg.) M.E(S uc u al
Engg.) is wo king as an Associa e P o esso in he
Depa men o Ci il Enginee ing a Sa aswa i College o
Enginee ing, Na i Mumbai. Dedica ed and passiona e
acul y wi h a p o en eco d o os e ing academic
excellence and pe sonal de elopmen in s uden s. She
s i es o c ea e an inspi ing and suppo i e lea ning en i onmen . He
eaching philosophy e ol es a ound
nu u ing cu iosi y, c ea i i y, and
c i ical hinking. He expe ise lies in
s uc u al enginee ing, and she has
published esea ch in dynamic
In e na ional Jou nal o Inno a i e Technology and Explo ing Enginee ing (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075 (Online), Volume-14 Issue-12, No embe 2025
7
Published By:
Blue Eyes In elligence Enginee ing
and Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP)
© Copy igh : All igh s ese ed.
Re ie al Numbe : 100.1/iji ee.D831314041125
DOI: 10.35940/iji ee.D8313.14121125
Jou nal Websi e: www.iji ee.o g
analysis o mul is o y buildings, s uc u al dynamics, ea hquake
enginee ing, conc e e echnology, and conc e e s uc u es.
Disclaime /Publishe ’s No e: The s a emen s, opinions and
da a con ained in all publica ions a e solely hose o he
indi idual au ho (s) and con ibu o (s) and no o he La ice
Science Publica ion (LSP)/ jou nal and/ o he edi o (s). The
La ice Science Publica ion (LSP)/ jou nal and/o he
edi o (s) disclaim esponsibili y o any inju y o people o
p ope y esul ing om any ideas, me hods, ins uc ions o
p oduc s e e ed o in he con en .
