93
A new Hemicyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Clausidiidae)
associa ed wi h he scle ac inian co al Galaxea om
he Sou h China Sea
Il-Hoi Kim1, Jia Wang2, Via chesla N. I anenko2,3
1 Ko ea Ins i u e o Coas al Ecology, 302-802, Seokcheon- o 397, Bucheon 14449, Republic o Ko ea
2 Biological Facul y, Shenzhen MSU-BIT Uni e si y, Shenzhen 518172, China
3 Depa men o In e eb a e Zoology, Lomonoso Moscow S a e Uni e si y, Moscow 119992, Russia
Co esponding au ho s: Jia Wang ([email p o ec ed]); Via chesla N. I anenko (i [email p o ec ed])
Copy igh : © Il-Hoi Kim e al.
This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde
e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion
License (A ibu ion 4.0 In e na ional – CC BY 4.0).
Resea ch A icle
Abs ac
The genus Hemicyclops Boeck, 1873 is known o i s associa ion wi h a ious ma ine
in e eb a es, including cnida ians, c us aceans, polychae es, and sponges, wi h some
species also occu ing in plank onic communi ies. He e, we epo he i s associa ion
o Hemicyclops wi h he scle ac inian co al Galaxea ascicula is (Linnaeus, 1767) (Scle -
ac inia, Euphylliidae). Hemicyclops cyanus sp. no . is desc ibed based on a emale spec-
imen collec ed om his co al hos in he lagoon (dep h 10 m) o Dongsha A oll, P a as
Islands, Sou h China Sea. The new species is eadily dis inguished om i s congene s
by i s cha ac e is ic geni al double-somi e, which bea s p ominen an e ola e al expan-
sions, and by he lexed, elonga ed exopodal segmen o leg 5, which is mo e han h ee
imes longe han wide. In H. cyanus sp. no ., he pai ed spe ma opho es a ached o
he emale a e used in o a bu e ly-shaped, highly modi ied complex wi h la ge la e al
wings and a cen al ube in o which he emale u osome is inse ed. To aid in species
iden i ica ion, we p esen he i s compa a i e pla e wi h schema ic illus a ions o he
geni al double-somi es o he g oup o 25 species, including he ype species.
Key wo ds: Associa ion, Copepoda, co al hos , C us acea, new species, Scle ac inia,
symbiosis, axonomy
In oduc ion
Copepods a e among he mos di e se and ecologically signi ican c us aceans
in he ocean, wi h nume ous species o ming symbio ic associa ions wi h
scle ac inian co als (Humes 1985a; Ko zha ina and I anenko 2021). Based on
a leas 1195 documen ed eco ds, hese associa ions in ol e a leas 384 spe-
cies o copepods belonging o 117 gene a and 29 amilies, and 172 species o
co als belonging o 67 gene a and 16 amilies (Ko zha ina and I anenko 2021).
Despi e he high di e si y and abundance o hese copepods, only a ac ion o
po en ial co al hos s has been s udied, and mos esea ch has been limi ed o
a ew geog aphic egions, lea ing majo gaps in knowledge o hei axonomy,
hos speci ici y, and biogeog aphy.
Academic edi o : Kai Ho s Geo ge
Recei ed:
13 Augus 2025
Accep ed:
14 Oc obe 2025
Published:
18 No embe 2025
ZooBank: h ps://zoobank.
o g/850D7FC4-63D2-4B85-A802-
E2AD3E5FBAA2
Ci a ion: Kim I-H, Wang J, I anenko
VN (2025) A new Hemicyclops
(Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Clausidiidae)
associa ed wi h he scle ac inian co al
Galaxea om he Sou h China Sea.
ZooKeys 1260: 93–109. h ps://doi.
o g/10.3897/zookeys.1260.168539
ZooKeys 1260: 93–109 (2025)
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.168539
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ZooKeys 1260: 93–109 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.168539
Il-Hoi Kim e al.: New Hemicyclops om a co al o he Sou h China Sea
The Indo-Paci ic co al genus Galaxea Oken, 1815 (Scle ac inia Bou ne,
1900; Euphylliidae Milne Edwa ds & Haime, 1857) is an impo an ee -build-
e and a hos o a leas 18 copepod species in eigh gene a, belonging o
he o de s Cyclopoida Bu meis e , 1834 and Siphonos oma oida Bu meis-
e , 1835 (Humes 1979, 1985a, b, 1991, 1996; Cheng e al. 2016; Cheng
and Dai 2018). Cyclopoida includes 11 species o Anchimolgidae Humes
& Boxshall, 1996, wo species o Xa i iidae Humes, 1960, and one species
o P e inopsyllidae Sa s, 1913. Siphonos oma oida includes ou species
o As e oche idae Giesb ech , 1899. Mos copepod eco ds come om
Galaxea ascicula is (Linnaeus, 1767), ollowed by G. as ea a (Lama ck,
1816), wi h occasional inds on G. ho escens (Dana, 1846) o uniden i ied
Galaxea species.
These copepod communi ies occu in many pa s o he Indo-Paci ic, in-
cluding he Moluccas, New Caledonia, Aus alia, Madagasca , and Dongsha
A oll in he no he n Sou h China Sea. Dongsha A oll is a biodi e si y ho spo
o Galaxea-associa ed copepods, wi h eigh eco ded species, wo o which
we e i s desc ibed om his a oll by Cheng and Dai (2018). The a oll also
se es as a s epping-s one o la al dispe sal and gene ic connec i i y
among co al ee s in he Sou h China Sea (Liu e al. 2021) and may unc ion
as a he mal e uge o ee -building co als unde clima e change (Tkachenko
and Soong 2017). Howe e , epea ed dis u bances such as yphoons, mass
bleaching, and human ac i i ies ha e educed co al co e , aising conce ns
abou long- e m ee decline (Cheng e al. 2020).
He e, we desc ibe a new species o Hemicyclops Boeck, 1873 (Copepoda,
Cyclopoida, Clausidiidae Emble on, 1901) ound on he scle ac inian
co al Galaxea, as pa o a b oade s udy on he biodi e si y o co al-
associa ed copepods.
Ma e ial and me hods
Symbio ic copepods we e collec ed om colonies o Galaxea ascicula is a
he Dongsha A oll, P a as Islands, Sou h China Sea (see Suppl. ma e ial 1:
igs S1–S5), using a boa and SCUBA di ing, applying he me hod desc ibed
by I anenko e al. (2018). Co al specimens we e ob ained om dep hs o
10 m and placed in o esealable plas ic bags unde wa e . Upon e ie al
o he su ace, each bag wi h co als was illed wi h a 10% e hanol solu-
ion o p ese e he associa ed auna. A e app oxima ely 30 minu es, he
bags we e gen ly agi a ed, and he p ese a ion luid was il e ed h ough a
100 μm mesh sie e. The e ained ma e ial was ans e ed o a Pe i dish o
he selec ion o copepods unde a s e eomic oscope. Selec ed specimens
we e p ese ed in 95% e hanol and s o ed a −20 °C.
P io o mic oscopic examina ion, specimens we e clea ed in lac ic acid
o app oxima ely 10 minu es. Dissec ions ollowed he e e se slide me h-
od desc ibed by Humes and Gooding (1964). Appendage leng hs we e mea-
su ed, wi h epo ed alues ep esen ing he mean o he maximum and
minimum measu emen s. The holo ype is deposi ed in he Honam Na ional
Ins i u e o Biological Resou ces (HNIBR).
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ZooKeys 1260: 93–109 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1260.168539
Il-Hoi Kim e al.: New Hemicyclops om a co al o he Sou h China Sea
Taxonomy
O de Cyclopoida Bu meis e , 1834
Family Clausidiidae Emble on, 1901
Genus Hemicyclops Boeck, 1873
Hemicyclops cyanus sp. no .
h ps://zoobank.o g/0C5566E0-E628-4749-A9C2-4DA06FB2943F
Figs 1–3
Type ma e ial. Holo ype: One dissec ed ♀ moun ed on 3 slides (HNIBRIV18791).
Type locali y. 20°38'03.1"N, 116°49'30.5"E, Lagoon o Dongsha A oll, P a as Is-
lands, he Sou h China Sea, dep h 10 m, 12 Oc obe 2017. Collec o : V.N. I anenko.
Hos . Galaxea ascicula is (Linnaeus, 1767) (Scle ac inia, Euphylliidae).
E ymology. The name is de i ed om he G eek “cyan” (meaning “blue-
g een”), e e ing o he blue-g een colou o he holo ype.
Desc ip ion. Female. Body (Fig. 1A) a he na ow, wi h a i id blue-g een
colou all o e . P osome 732 × 477 μm, consis ing o he cephalo ho ax and
second o ou h pedige ous somi es, wi h nea ly pa allel la e al ma gins. Ceph-
alo ho ax 436 μm long, wide han long, wi h p ojec ed and acu ely poin ed pos-
e ola e al co ne s. The second and hi d pedige ous somi es bea ing a mem-
b anous inge along hei pos e odo sal ma gin.
U osome (Figs 1B, 2A) 5-segmen ed. Fi s u osomal somi e ( i h pedige -
ous somi e) 163 μm wide, wi h a memb anous inge along he pos e odo sal
ma gin. The geni al double-somi e 1.08 imes longe han wide (330 × 309
μm); i s an e io 40% wing-like, expanded la e ally, ape ing owa ds pos e o-
la e ally, wi h a blun apex. Geni al ape u e (Fig. 1D; indica ed by a owhead)
posi ioned do sola e ally a he p oximal egion o he expanded pa . Each
pos e ola e al egion o his expanded pa bea ing a small copula o y po e
(Fig. 2B; indica ed by a owhead). The na owe pos e io 60% pa o he dou-
ble-somi e bea ing 1 small ube cle on each la e al ma gin and 1 pla e-like
en al o gan (Fig. 2B) on he an e o en al egion, wi h 7 po es along he
dis al ma gin. The geni al double-somi e and h ee abdominal somi es wi h a
memb anous inge along hei pos e o en al ma gin. The h ee abdominal
somi es a e sho , measu ing 45 × 106, 30 × 103, and 36 × 102 μm, espec i e-
ly. The anal somi e bea s a la ge anal ape u e.
Spe ma opho e complex (Fig. 1B, C), o med by he usion o he o iginal
pai o spe ma opho es, is s ongly modi ied, wi h a ube-like medial egion en-
ci cling he u osome and wing-like la e al expansions, each bea ing la e al and
pos e io apices. Each spe ma opho e in e nally con ains bubble-like anspa -
en globules o i egula sizes; a space is p esen la e al o he spe ma opho e.
Caudal ami (Fig. 1E) widely sepa a ed om each o he ; each amus 1.15
imes longe han wide (45 × 39 μm), bea ing wo ans e se ows o ine se -
ules on he inne side, one minu e p oximal se ule ( udimen a y se a I) on he
ou e ma gin, and six se ae (se ae II–VII). Se a IV (ou e dis al se a) p oximally
modi ied as a spine ipped wi h a unila e ally pinna e se a.
Ros um small, iangula , wi h a blun pos e io apex.
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Il-Hoi Kim e al.: New Hemicyclops om a co al o he Sou h China Sea
Figu e 1. Hemicyclops cyanus sp. no ., emale. A. Habi us wi h spe ma opho e; B. U osome wi h spe ma opho e, en al;
C. Spe ma opho e; D. Le side o an e io pa o u osome, do sal; E. Anal somi e and caudal ami, do sal. Scale ba s:
0.1 mm (A–C); 0.05 mm (D, E).
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Il-Hoi Kim e al.: New Hemicyclops om a co al o he Sou h China Sea
Figu e 2. Hemicyclops cyanus sp. no ., emale. A. U osome, do sal; B. Geni al double-somi e, en al; C. Ven al o gan o
geni al double-somi e; D. An ennule; E. An enna; F. Lab um; G. Labium; H. Mandible; I. Maxillule; J. Maxilla. Scale ba s:
0.1 mm (A, B); 0.02 mm (C, H–J); 0.05 mm (D–G).
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Il-Hoi Kim e al.: New Hemicyclops om a co al o he Sou h China Sea
An ennule (Fig. 2D) 354 μm long, 7-segmen ed; a ma u e o mula: 4, 14, 6,
3, 4+aes he asc, 2+aes he asc, and 7+aes he asc; i h o e minal segmen s
each wi h 2, 1, and 4 pinna e se ae, espec i ely; all o he se ae naked; aes he-
ascs hin, se i o m.
An enna (Fig. 2E) 4-segmen ed, consis ing o he coxobasis and 3-segmen -
ed endopod; coxobasis wi h 1 la ge se a a he mediodis al egion, 3 pa ch-
es o se e al se ules on he ma gins; i s endopodal segmen sligh ly sho e
han coxobasis, bea ing 1 spinulose se a on he inne ma gin and se ules o
spinules on bo h ma gins; second endopodal segmen expanded mediodis ally
(bu lacking a digi i o m p ojec ion), a med wi h 4 se ae ( he second p oximal
se a o namen ed wi h spinules along he inne ma gin) and se e al spinules
on he inne ma gin; hi d endopodal segmen wide han long, 24 × 27 μm,
subquad a e, bea ing 7 se ae, one o hem spinulose, he o he s (including 4
genicula ed ones) naked.
Lab um (Fig. 2F) b oad, wi h a ow o spinules along he pos e io ma gin.
Labium (Fig. 2G) bea ing a ow o ine spinules along he an e io ma gin, 1
oo h a each side o he an e io ma gin, and 5 spinules on he en al su ace
nea he an e io ma gin.
Mandible (Fig. 2H) a med dis ally wi h 1 s ou spine bea ing 2 ows o 3 den-
icles, 1 labelli o m spine, and 2 pinna e se ae.
Maxillule (Fig. 2I) dis ally bilobed; smalle inne lobe wi h 3 se ae, one o
hem spini o m; la ge ou e lobe wi h 5 pinna e se ae.
Maxilla (Fig. 2J) 2-segmen ed; syncoxa (p oximal segmen ) wi h 2 spinulose,
spini o m se ae o equal leng h, one o hem bea ing 1 small subsidia y se a
a he p oximal egion; basis (dis al segmen ) wi h 1 naked en al se a, dis al
p ojec ion ipped wi h 3 unequal spines (one o hem bea ing 2 spinules), 1
spinulose se a, and 1 la ge, labelli o m spine.
Maxilliped (Fig. 3A) consis ing o he syncoxa, basis, and 2-segmen ed en-
dopod; syncoxa ( i s segmen ) wi h 2 la ge, equal se ae, one o hem eebly
pinna e, he o he bea ing se e al spinules; basis (second segmen ) longes ,
a med wi h 2 la ge spinulose se ae a he apex o he p ojec ed p oximal hi d
and o namen ed wi h abou 17 se ae a he mediodis al egion, one o hese
spinules sepa a ed om he o he s (Fig. 3B); i s endopodal segmen ( hi d
segmen ) small, una med; second endopodal segmen (Fig. 3C) o ming a long
claw, p oximally bea ing 1 s ong spine bea ing 4 den icles, 2 naked se ae, and
1 small spine bea ing 1 se ule subdis ally.
Legs 1 (Fig. 3D), 2 (Fig. 3E), 3, and 4 (Fig. 3G) bi amous, wi h 3-segmen ed ami.
The in e coxal pla e bea ing se ules in leg 1 and spinules in legs 2–4. The inne
coxal se a is la ge, s i , and spini o m in legs 2–4. Leg 3 is simila o leg 2, excep
bea ing 4 spines and 2 se ae on he hi d endopodal segmen (Fig. 3F). The ou e
se a on he basis is la ge in legs 1 and 4, bu small in legs 2 and 3. The mid-dis al
ma gin o he basis is o namen ed wi h se ules in leg 1 bu wi h spinules in legs
2–4. The inne dis al spine on he basis o leg 1 is la ge, ex ending o he dis al
ma gin o he second endopodal segmen . The inne dis al ma gin o he basis o
leg 1 has a ow o spinules nea he base o he inne dis al spine. The inne su -
ace o he basis o legs 2–4 bea s se e al spinules. The inne dis al p ocess o
he hi d endopodal segmen o legs 2–4 is unequally bi u ca ed. The dis al se a
on he hi d endopodal segmen o leg 1 is small and naked. The dis al lagellum
is ound on 5 dis al spines in leg 1 and 2 dis al spines in legs 2–4.
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Il-Hoi Kim e al.: New Hemicyclops om a co al o he Sou h China Sea
Figu e 3. Hemicyclops cyanus sp. no ., emale. A. Maxilliped; B. Dis al pa o maxilliped basis; C. Te minal segmen o
maxilliped; D. Leg 1; E. Leg 2; F. Endopod o leg 3; G. Leg 4; H. Leg 5. Scale ba s: 0.05 mm (A, D–H); 0.02 mm (B, C).
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Il-Hoi Kim e al.: New Hemicyclops om a co al o he Sou h China Sea
A ma u e o mula o legs 1-4 as ollows:
Leg 5 (Figs 1D, 3H) 2-segmen ed; p o opod (p oximal segmen ) wide han
long, a icula ed om somi e, a med wi h 1 long, slende , pinna e dis odo sal
se a and o namen ed wi h se ules and spinules nea he base o he se a; ex-
opodal segmen 3.37 imes longe han wide (118 × 35 μm), cu ed nea he
middle, a med wi h 3 spines and 1 pinna e se a, and o namen ed wi h spinules
along he ou e and inne ma gins. The spine on he ou e ma gin is naked, 51
μm long; he ou e dis al spine is 58 μm long; he dis al se a is 55 μm long; he
la ge inne dis al spine is 82 μm long, sligh ly cu ed, bea ing long, b ush-like
se ules along app oxima ely he p oximal hal o he inne ma gin.
Leg 6 no isible in do sal iew o geni al ape u e (Fig. 2D).
Male. Unknown.
Discussion
The new species was ound on Galaxea ascicula is and is he i s eco d o
Hemicyclops om he co al amily Euphylliidae. Hemicyclops is a di e se ge-
nus wi h 50 known species (Wal e and Boxshall 2025). These copepods a e
epo ed om many hos s, o en li ing in hei bu ows, and ha e been ound
on sponges, cnida ians, c us aceans, polychae es, and mollusks, as well as in
plank on. Reco ds om scle ac inian co als a e a e, wi h only wo known cas-
es: H. columna is Humes, 1984 om Po i es loba a Dana, 1846 (Po i idae G ay,
1840) in Panama, and H. apiculus Humes, 1995 om Fa ia De Blain ille, 1820
(Fa iidae Milne Edwa ds & Haime, 1857) and Dend ophyllia de Blain ille, 1830
(Dend ophylliidae G ay, 1847) in Madagasca (Humes 1984, 1995). The p esen
inding adds Euphylliidae o he hos ange o he genus. As only one specimen
was collec ed, i is unclea whe he his species is an obliga e associa e o
Galaxea o ano he in e eb a e li ing in he co al issues o skele on.
A e analyzing he diagnos ic ea u es o exis ing Hemicyclops species, we
ound ha eigh species we e insu icien ly desc ibed, and he emaining 42
can be di ided in o G oups I and II. G oup I includes a ypical species (N = 17)
wi h dis inc i e mo phological ai s ha di e om he ypical mo phology o
he genus. G oup II consis s o ypical species (sensu s ic o g oup) (N = 25)
ha sha e wi h H. cyanus sp. no . he ollowing co e diagnos ic ea u es o he
genus and se e as a e e ence o species iden i ica ion: (1) he u osome is
5-segmen ed in he emale and 6-segmen ed in he male; (2) he an ennule is
7-segmen ed and bea s ou se ae on he i s segmen , wi h no speci ied se a
on he second; (3) he second endopodal segmen ( hi d segmen ) o he an-
enna bea s ou se ae and lacks a claw; (4) he syncoxa ( i s segmen ) o he
male maxilliped bea s a single se a; (5) he basis o male leg 1 lacks an inne
dis al spine; and (6) he swimming legs ha e he usual numbe o a ma u e ele-
men s (a ma u e elemen s on he exopod and endopod o legs 1–4 a e 8 and 6
in leg 1; 9 and 6 in legs 2 and 3; and 8 and 5 in leg 4, espec i ely).
Coxa Basis Exopod Endopod
Leg 1 0-1 1-I I-0; I-1; III, I, 4 0-1; 0-1; I, 5
Leg 2 0-1 1-0 I-0; I-1; III, I, 5 0-1; 0-2; I, II, 3
Leg 3 0-1 1-0 I-0; I-1; III, I, 5 0-1; 0-2; I, II, I+2
Leg 4 0-1 1-0 I-0; I-1; II, I, 5 0-1; 0-2; I, II, II
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Il-Hoi Kim e al.: New Hemicyclops om a co al o he Sou h China Sea
G oup I
The ollowing 17 species possess unusual mo phological ea u es in he e-
male ha clea ly dis inguish hem om H. cyanus sp. no . and o he congene s:
1. H. acan hopho us Humes, 1995 — second endopodal segmen o he
an enna wi h 1 claw and 3 se ae; lab um modi ied wi h digi i o m
la e al lobes; hi d exopodal segmen o leg 3 wi h 8 (no 9) elemen s
(Humes 1995).
2. H. acan hosquillae Humes, 1965 — second endopodal segmen o he an en-
na wi h an elonga ed mediodis al p ojec ion mo e han wice as long as wide
(Humes 1965).
3. H. co nu us Kim & Hong, 2014 — i h pedige ous somi e wi h a pos e ola e al
hook (Kim and Hong 2014).
4. H. c enidis Ho & Kim, 1990 — an ennule 6-segmen ed; second endopodal
segmen o leg 4 wi h a single inne se a (Ho and Kim 1990).
5. H. cylind aceus (Pelsenee , 1929) — i s an ennula segmen wi h 5 se ae;
second endopodal segmen o he an enna wi h 2 claws and 2 se ae; emale
u osome 6-segmen ed; e minal claw o he emale maxilliped elonga ed, as
in he male (S ock 1954).
6. H. di emp us Humes, 1965 — geni al double-somi e di ided by a ans e se
su u e line (Humes 1965).
7. H. li ings oni (Sco T, 1894) — i s an ennula segmen wi h 5 se ae; second
endopodal segmen o he an enna wi h 2 claws and 2 se ae; emale maxil-
liped wi h a la ge e minal claw, as in he male (Sco 1894).
8. H. memb ana us Moon & Kim, 2010 — i s an ennula segmen wi h 5 se ae;
second endopodal segmen o he an enna wi h 1 claw and 3 se ae (Moon
and Kim 2010).
9. H. nasu us Moon & Kim, 2010 — i s an ennula segmen wi h 5 se ae (Moon
and Kim 2010).
10. H. nichollsi Ka ano ic, 2008 — i s an ennula segmen wi h 5 se ae
(Ka ano ic 2008).
11. H. pe insignis Humes, 1973 — i s an ennula segmen wi h 5 se ae; sec-
ond endopodal segmen o he an enna wi h 1 claw and 3 se ae; hi d exopo-
dal segmen o leg 4 wi h 9 (no 8) elemen s (Humes 1973).
12. H. apax Lee, Chang & Kim, 2022 — emale maxilliped o he male ype, wi h
a la ge e minal claw (Lee e al. 2022).
13. H. sebas iani Kiha a & Rocha, 1993 — i s an ennula segmen wi h 5 se ae;
second segmen o he an ennule wi h 1 enla ged se a a he pos e odis al
co ne ; hi d endopodal segmen o leg 1 wi h 1 spine and 4 se ae (Kiha a
and Rocha 1993).
14. H. spinulosus I oh & Nishida, 1998 — i s an ennula segmen wi h 5 se ae
(I oh and Nishida 1998).
15. H. amilensis (Thompson & A Sco , 1903) — emale u osome 6-segmen ed
(T Thompson and A Sco 1903).
16. H. hysano us Wilson, 1935 — hi d exopodal segmen o leg 4 wi h 9 (no 8)
elemen s (Gooding 1960).
17. H. icinalis Humes, 1995 — hi d exopodal segmen o leg 4 wi h 9 elemen s
(Humes 1995).
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Il-Hoi Kim e al.: New Hemicyclops om a co al o he Sou h China Sea
Ko zha ina O, I anenko V (2021) Global di e si y and dis ibu ions o symbio ic copepod
c us aceans li ing on hexaco allians. Ve sion 1.7. Lomonoso Moscow S a e Uni e -
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Supplemen a y ma e ial 1
Addi ional in o ma ion
Au ho s: Il-Hoi Kim, Jia Wang, Via chesla N. I anenko
Da a ype: pd
Explana ion no e: ig. S1. Unde wa e pho og aph o he hos co al Galaxea ascicula is
p io o sampling. ig. S2. Unde wa e pho og aph o he di e compu e a he sam-
pling si e. ig. S3. Pho og aph o he skele on o he hos co al Galaxea ascicula is.
ig. S4. Mac opho og aph o he skele on o he hos co al. ig. S5. Map o he a oll
showing he sampling loca ion ( ed ma k), Google Maps.
Copy igh no ice: This da ase is made a ailable unde he Open Da abase License
(h p://openda acommons.o g/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Da abase License
(ODbL) is a license ag eemen in ended o allow use s o eely sha e, modi y, and
use his Da ase while main aining his same eedom o o he s, p o ided ha he
o iginal sou ce and au ho (s) a e c edi ed.
Link: h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/zookeys.1260.168539.suppl1
