In e na ional Jou nal o Social Science and Human Resea ch
ISSN (p in ): 2644-0679, ISSN (online): 2644-0695
Volume 08 Issue 11 No embe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijssh / 8-i11-74, Impac ac o - 8.007
Page No: 9120-9127
IJSSHR, Volume 08 Issue 11 No embe 2025 www.ijssh .in Page 9120
Gadani Shipya d: En i onmen al Impac s on Ma i ime Pollu ion in Pakis an
and China — A Legal and Policy Analys
Nouman Ali1, Asgha Khan2
1,2Dalian Ma i ime Uni e si y
ABSTRACT: The essel ecycling and in in e na ional ade play impo an ole bu i is also e y dange o ma ine en i onmen
and human heal h. Pakis an is he la ges coun y o b eakdown acili ies o Gadani Shipya d. The Pakis an Gadani shipya d
c i icized o ma ine pollu ion and dange haza ds ha i pollu es he ma ine en i onmen . Simila ly, China’s ship ecycling sec o ,
while mo e egula ed, s ill con ibu es o en i onmen al deg ada ion, pa icula ly in coas al ecosys ems. In his pape we a e ocusing
on o examine he en i onmen al impac s and legal laws and egula ions also policy in e en ion o Gadani shipya d and China
shipb eaking ope a ion compa ison o each o he . My pape will show a clea image in e na ional con en ion, na ional policy and
also show he gaps in egula ions, challenges and al e na i e ways on he ligh o ecen schola ly li e a u es. I will gi e
ecommenda ions on echnologies and s eng hen go e nance mechanism unde he in e na ional s anda ds. Also show he way o
sol e ha p oblem which can damage he ma ine biodi e si y, wo ke heal h and he communi y which li ing nea he a ec ed a ea.
A las , gi e a ecommenda ion o s eng hen he na ional law unde he in e na ional ules and egula ion.
KEYWORDS: En i onmen al Law, Ma ine Pollu ion, Pakis an, China, Compa a i e Go e nance, Public Law.
1. INTRODUCTION
In he shipb eaking indus y he aluable ma e ials like s eels and machine y a e eco e by disman ling o a essel. Al hough he
sec o is economically signi ican , s ill i possesses se e e en i onmen al isks, such as oil spills, hea y me al con amina ion, and
he elease o ha m ul ma e ials in o ma ine and coas al ecosys ems [1]. Pakis an’s Gadani Shipya d and China’s ship ecycling
indus y dis inc ly di e en app oaches o shipb eaking, making hem a aluable case s udy in en i onmen al managemen and
policy compliance.
The la ges shipb eaking ya d is loca ed in Pakis an in he coas al a ea o Balochis an. This shipb eaking indus y disman le
hund eds o ships in one yea . Many di e en pape s discuss ha he ecological damage occu due o inadequa e poo managemen ,
unsanc ioned was e disposal, and insu icien sa e y measu es [2], [3]. Ano he hand, China has mo e ad anced and good
shipb eaking p ac ices, now he all mi iga ion emains a challenge ma i ime pollu ion o pu in dange [4].
My wo k ocusses on:
1. The shipya d disman ling on ma ina En i onmen al in China and he shipb eaking in Gadani in Pakis an.
2. To discuss he in e na ional and na ional legal amewo k o ship disman ling.
3. The wo k main a ge is o gi e ecommenda ion o compa a i e insigh s and also ma i ime p ac ices.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The ma ine en i onmen al ha m is he main ocusing pa o my wo k. In shipb eaking indus y, he wo ke sa e y isk has a ac ed
conside able schola ly a en ion on economic bene i s. The esh s udies show disman ling o obsole e essels eleases ha m ul
subs ances like asbes os, PCBs, hea y me als like lead, cadmium as well as oil esidue which is long- e m isks o ma ine
biodi e si y and coas al en i onmen s [5], [6], [11]. The Gadani shipya d is a majo pa o ma ine pollu ion in Pakis an whe e he
disposal p ac ices equen occu like oil spills and hea y me al buildup in su ounding sedimen s dange ous o ish and ma ine
biodi e si y and all he ma ine o ganisms was e ec ed[12].My Compa a i e wo k is o e eals om China he mechanized ship
ecycling acili ies ha e mi iga ed en i onmen al con amina ion inadequa e was e managemen a less semi-mechanized acili ies
s ill encoun e pe sis en was e managemen leading o localized pollu ion [13], [14], [15].
The heal h is majo and e y impo an conce n, wi h shipb eaking wo ke s e e y day acing isks o inju ies, chemical bu ns,
inhala ion o oxic umes and ch onic espi a o y ailmen s [7], [16], [17]. The lack o mode n p o ec i e equipmen and less
knowledge o sa e y and in o mal labo condi ions ha some imes in ol e unde eigh een wo ke s in Gadani [18]. Con e sely, The
Gadani Shipya d: En i onmen al Impac s on Ma i ime Pollu ion in Pakis an and China — A Legal and Policy Analys
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Chinese ha e s onge sa e y p o ocols and also well-de eloped disman ling echnologies, manda o y p o ec i e gea , inconsis en
en o cemen con inues o esul in occasional occupa ional haza ds [19], [20].
The ules o law and good go e nance play a i al ole in shaping he en i onmen al occupa ional heal h ou comes o he
shipb eaking indus y. The Hong Kong In e na ional Con en ion and En i onmen ally Sound Recycling o Ships (2009) o sa e
ship disman ling se s in e na ional guidelines o disman ling and was e managemen [8]. Pakis an ha e insu icien ools and
ins i u ional weaknesses poo en o cemen ou da ed ship ecycling in as uc u e con inue o impede e ec i e compliance [9], [21].
China upg ades Ma ine En i onmen al P o ec ion Law (2017) due o legisla ion o enhanced egula o y o e sigh , and ollow
in e na ional s anda ds and ad ancing he en i onmen al sus ainabili y o ship ecycling ac i i ies [22], [23].
Indus ial de elopmen ha he, egula o y e ec i eness and echnological in eg a ion a e c i ical de e minan s o en i onmen al
pe o mance is e y impo an s ep in ship ecycling. In Pakis an ship ecycling acili ies such as Gadani emain la gely labo -d i en
on manually he me hod is e y old, esul ing in signi ican en i onmen al pollu ion, ecological deg ade [10], [24]. While in China,
u ilize mode n echnology and ope a e S ick ules and egula ions o en i onmen and obus en o cemen mechanisms o educed
ecological impac s [25], [26]. In Pakis an he socio-economic p essu es like job dependence and he demand o sc ap s eel o en
c ea e con lic s be ween economic objec i es en i onmen al awa eness and sus ainabili y [27], [28].
The gap emains p esen because o such long- e m moni o ing o en i onmen al pollu ion in Gadani, The weak e alua ion o policy
ou comes insu icien in eg a ion o socio-economic dimensions in o en i onmen al e alua ions. This esea ch seeks o b idge
exis ing gaps s udy conduc s an in-dep h compa a i e e alua ion o shipb eaking indus ies in Pakis an and China, ocusing on
policy, legal amewo k and en i onmen al impac .
3. METHODOLOGY
Adop ing a quali a i e compa a i e esea ch design his s udy analyzes he en i onmen al and legal consequences o shipb eaking
in Pakis an’s Gadani Shipya d selec ed Chinese ya ds alongside an e alua ion o hei legal and policy s uc u es. The seconda y
da a e iew, legal e alua ion, and c oss-coun y compa ison o unde s anding o he en i onmen al and egula o y dimensions o
shipb eaking.
3.1 Resea ch Design
A quali a i e app oach was adop ed o p o ide an in-dep h unde s anding en i onmen al, legal, and policy dimensions o
shipb eaking, a he han o es ablish s a is ical co ela ions. Pakis an, whe e shipb eaking emains la gely labo -in ensi e which is
manual wo k and China, which is ansi ioning owa d mo e mechanized and egula ed ecycling p ac ices. The compa a i e
amewo k he examina ion o bo h di e ences and simila i ies be ween wo con as ing con ex s a de eloping coun y Pakis an.
3.2 Da a Collec ion
This s udy elied solely on seconda y da a o ensu e he eliabili y and cu ency o in o ma ion. The ollowing ypes o sou ces:
1. Schola ly a icles (2019–2025): I will Pee - e iewed jou nals pape s examining ma i ime pollu ion, ship ecycling
p ac ices, occupa ional p o ec ion, and en i onmen al policy.
2. Ins i u ional epo s: The main Ins i u ional Documen s a e IMO, UNEP, ILO na ional en i onmen al ins i u ions in
Pakis an and China.
3. Go e nmen al legisla ion and policy documen s: The legisla i e documen s like Pakis an’s En i onmen al P o ec ion
Ac (1997), Pakis an En i onmen al P o ec ion Agency (Pak-EPA) Guidelines, China’s Ma ine En i onmen al P o ec ion
Law (2017), o he pe inen na ional egula o y ins umen s
4. Media epo s and case s udies: The social media epo s and case s udies which is e i ied epo indus ial acciden s,
documen ed en i onmen al iola ions in bo h con ex s.
3.3 Da a Analysis
The da a analyzed h ough quali a i e me hod:
En i onmen al impac assessmen : To e alua e he na u e and asse s, ex en , and e ec s o pollu ion on ma ine soil
oxici y and ai pollu ion caused by shipb eaking.
Legal and policy e alua ion: To examine na ional legal amewo k en o cemen capaci y wi h Hong Kong In e na ional
Con en ion o he p o ec ed En i onmen ally Sound Recycling o Ships (2009).
Compa a i e analysis: How Pakis an and China di e o each o he and align in en i onmen al ou comes, go e nance
quali y, echnological imp o emen , and socio-economic e ec s wi hin he shipb eaking indus y.
3.4 Compa a i e F amewo k
Using he ollowing indica o s:
1. Pollu ion le els: The epo ed concen a ions o hea y me als hyd oca bons, ai bo ne pa icula es ma ine pollu an s like
soil and a mosphe ic en i onmen s.
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2. Compliance and en o cemen : The p og ams, en o cemen measu es, con o mi y wi h na ional egula ions and
in e na ional s anda ds, unde he p esence o en i onmen al moni o ing
3. Technological p ac ices: Technological mode niza ion, de elopmen o was e managemen in as uc u e and use eco-
e icien ship ecycling echniques.
3.5 Limi a ions
This s udy based on seconda y sou ces, he e should be some limi a ions ha a e gi en below:
Lack o p ima y ield da a: The s udy did no include di ec ield sampling on-si e obse a ions we e no unde aken
owing o logis ical limi a ions.
Da a gaps: Ce ain en i onmen al and occupa ional heal h da a o he Gadani Shipya d small-scale Chinese shipya ds
emain limi ed incomple e, o inconsis en ac oss sou ces.
Gene alizabili y: As he analysis ocuses on Pakis an and China, i s conclusions should be in e p e ed wi h ca e when
ex apola ing esul s o o he na ional con ex s.
While acknowledging hese limi a ions he s udy’s me hodology p o ides a sound basis o analyzing en i onmen al impac s he
compa a i e pe o mance o legal and policy amewo ks in bo h coun ies.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
The b eak down ope a ion aced some challenges, one o la ges pa is ma ine pollu ion, The second one is soil and hi d is ai
con amina ion, hese kinds o pollu ion dis u b he ecological balance o cos al line coun y and dis up he ecological balance o
cos al line coun y. Al hough These ope a ion like Gadani Shipya d and Chinese ship ecycling ope a ions a ec he ma ine
en i onmen al ope a ional me hod, echnological sophis ica ion ad ancemen , and egula o y en o cemen .
The b eakdown s a i elease many kinds o dange ous subs ance like no ably asbes os, polychlo ina ed biphenyls (PCBs), oxic
hea y me als like lead, cadmium, and me cu y esidual pe oleum compounds. In Gadani he disman ling is manual and used
un egula ed b eaking echniques i causes ecu en oil spills, oxic sludge discha ge, causing signi ican hea y me al con amina ion
along he A abian Sea coas line. The obse a ional wo ke epo shows, ha o al pe oleum hyd oca bons TPH le els in he coas al
a ea nea Gadani o en inc ease 3,500 µg/L, and damage he en i onmen al le el [29]. On ano he way damage he sedimen s exhibi
ele a ed cadmium, lead, and he le el o me cu y concen a ions inc eased ha ha m h ough he ma ine ood chain p oduced long-
e m public heal h p oblem. [30], [31when his con inuous discha ge o un ea ed and chemical and oil a e occu ed i damage
mang o e li e and i is e y dange o ish and ma ine o ganism [12].
In China shipya ds in Guangdong and Shanghai ha e mode nized ope a ions h ough mechaniza ion, e luen ea men , and oil
eco e y sys ems egula ion in educing ma ine pollu ion. [32], [33]. En i onmen al p og ess emains une en small-scale and semi-
mechanized shipb eaking ope a ions emain sou ces o un ea ed e luen s e ealing gaps in egula o y en o cemen and ongoing
localized ecological damage [34].
The soil con amina ion con inues o pose en i onmen al conce n in shipb eaking a eas. A Gadani he in il a ion o hea y me als
in il a e coas al soils led o he loss o ege a ion and also ha m ul o g oundwa e quali y [35]. Soil cadmium le els nea he
shipya d is each up o 12 mg/kg, his le el is abo e global coas al a e ages [36]. The mechanized shipya ds ha e minimized soil
con amina ion in China by u ilizing lined s o age was e con ainmen acili ies o challenge ull en i onmen al es o a ion. [37].
Shipb eaking ope a ions gene a e ai pollu ion including pa icula e ma e ola ile o ganic compounds (VOCs). To open-ai cu ing
and he uncon olled bu ning o cables and insula ion elease dioxins [3]. The le els 150 µg/m³ du ing WHO, Chinese shipya ds
u ilize emission con ol p o ec i e en ila ion sys ems ha signi ican ly educe a mosphe ic pollu an s, hough VOC emissions om
welding and pain s ipping emain a conce n [40], [41].
The combined impac o hese con aminan s has accele a ed deg ada ion o he su ounding ecosys ems. The mang o e ecosys ems
su ounding Gadani ha e su e ed due o physical dis u bances and chemical con amina ion declines in biodi e si y, especially
wi hin mollusk and c us acean communi ies [42], [43]. Chinese shipya ds ha e adop ed en i onmen al moni o ing coas al
es o a ion p og ams aimed a p ese ing ma ine lo a and auna showcasing a mo e sus ainable model despi e ongoing issues in
small-scale ya ds [44].
My wo k shows quali y and ad ance a ie y o echnology o egula e he e ec i eness, on he all-ope a ional p ocess o ecycling
ac i i ies. The b eakdown o ship in Gadani machinimas is e y old and weak egula o y sys em make caused en i onmen al damage.
While he Chinese legal en o cemen and he equipmen a e ad anced and he b eak down a e also ad ance i s mi iga ion
en i onmen is s ong impac [45], [46].
Fo he economic s abili y and also o he supply o ecyclable ma e ials need good and ad ance oll o p o ec he ma ine
en i onmen al balance. The oll is insu icien on e ec i e was e managemen and he wo ke aining is also poo and need good
egula o y moni o ing, China’s ha e balance and mode n echnology which can educed he bad impac on ma ine en i onmen and
also educe need Mi iga ing hese impac s equi es mechanized disman ling.
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5. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
The s onge egula o y sys em o ship b eaking indus y make sa e ma ine ecosys em and educe ma ine en i onmen al pollu ion.
Bo h a e he pa y o in e na ional con en ion and bindable o make hei own domes ic legal ame wo k unde he in e na ional
s anda d, he en o cemen and implemen a ion is e y impo an be ween hese wo s a es.
In Pakis an ha e he laws abou o p o ec ma ine en i onmen , pollu ion and was e managemen he ac is Pakis an En i onmen al
P o ec ion Ac (1997). In Pakis an ha e ano he legal body o deal indus ial ac i i ies, en i onmen al ac i i ies and issuing
en i onmen al clea ance and en o ce in e na ional compliance ha is Pakis an En i onmen al P o ec ion Agency (Pak-EPA). Bu
hese legal body a e p esen he Gadani shipya d egula ly aces challenges because o insu icien moni o ing bad in as uc u e
and he main is weak en o cemen [47]. The main is he e is no s ong ule egula ion o con ol dange ous was e in ship disman ling
ha is ea o ma ine biodi e si y.
The Fac o y Ac 1934 play impo an ole in labo heal h and sa e y egula ion i is manda o y o sa e y measu e. The issue is ha
his Ac is no s ongly en o ceable, due o no en o cemen esul ing in widesp ead exposu e o wo ke s o chemical haza ds, physical
inju ies, and oxic umes [48], [49]. The ILO means in e na ional Labo O ganiza ion is in e na ional o ganiza ion bu he
en o cemen is weak he o ganiza ion ha ing no e ec in he sec o .
The China’s ha e legal amewo k which is highly good egula ion and en o cemen . The Ma ine En i onmen al P o ec ion Law
(2017), along wi h he Solid Was e Pollu ion P e en ion and Con ol Law, These Ac gi e a clea iew abou he con ol o pollu ion
which is cause o ship b eaking ope a ions. China au ho ized and make a mechanism o sepa a ion o was e which is ha m ul o
ma ine ecosys em and also en o ce he ules on he basis o egula checks, licensing, and ines [50], [51]. The Hong Kong
In e na ional Con en ion o he Sa e and En i onmen ally Sound Recycling o Ships (2009) is he main d a o China o make
hei domes ic law unde he in e na ional s anda d, ensu ing s ic e adhe ence o en i onmen al and occupa ional sa e y s anda ds
[8].
The Hong Kong Con en ion (2009) seeks o minimize he en i onmen al and heal h impac s o ship, i is in e na ional s anda d o
ecycling by equi ing an in en o y o dange ous ma e ials, en i onmen ally sound b eaking down p ocess, and sa e y o labo
p ac ices. In Pakis an i s ill no p ope ly en o ces and lea ing gap o dange ous subs ance in was e and o p o ec he wo ke s [9],
[52]. China, ollowed he con en ion s ic ly and make and also upda e hei domes ic law unde he in e na ional con en ions by
shipya d ope a ion [53].
The success o laws depends on s onge ins i u ion o s ong en o cemen and use mode n echnology. Pakis an’s ha e weak
egula ion and in ensi e labo and socio-economic p essu e, and hinde compliance. The China’s highly s ong en o cemen and
highly cen alized mechaniza ion enable g ea e adhe ence o in e na ional en i onmen al and labo s anda ds [54], [55].
6. COMPARATIVE DISCUSSION
A compa ison o wo s a e o ship disman ling p ocess ha e a clea di e ence how China and Pakis an can handle and ollow he
in e na ional ules and also echnology, and a ec people’s li es and jobs. This compa ison will show he di e ences and gi e a
lesson o ship ecycling and ma ine en i onmen al pollu ion con ol.
The Gadani Shipya d in Pakis an is high le el o ma ine pollu ion c ea o like soil, and ai con amina ion among Sou h Asian
shipb eaking acili ies. The uncon ol dange ous subs ance Oil spills, oxic was e, and hea y me als damage he ma ine en i onmen
and des oy he ma ine li e like mang o e o es s [29], [31], [42]. The b eakdown and ecycling o a ship in open ai caused and
con ibu e in espi a o y illnesses among he labo and he communi y as will [38], [39]. Con e sely In Chinese shipya ds, he main
places like Guangdong and Shanghai minimize and show lowe pollu ion le els, he ollow and adop ion o e luen ea men
sys ems, he eco e y o oil and con olled b eakdown p ocess [32], [33], [40]. The China ha e ad anced echnology o ecycling
bu i s ill ha m ul o local en i onmen p o ing ha echnology by i sel can’ s op all pollu ion [34].
The e ec i eness o Legal amewo k plays a i al ole in en i onmen al ecosys em and pu a s ong ou come. The law en o cemen
is e y impo an Pakis an ha e he laws bu en o cemen is weak and no moni o ing, inadequa e sec o -speci ic egula ions [47],
[48]. Pakis an is he pa y o Hong Kong Con en ion weak en o cemen he ship b eaking a Gadani ha e no con ol o e haza dous
was e managemen and wo ke sa e y [9], [52]. China ollowed he in e na ional s anda d in he own na ional legal amewo k and
enhance licenses, ines, and en i onmen al checks [50], [51], [53]. The compa a i e s udy ocusses on good go e nance and good
ins i u ion con ol he ha m ul e ec in shipb eaking.
The echnology used o sa e y in hese wo s a e like Pakis an and China. In Pakis an a Gadani emains labo -in ensi e, cu ing is
manual, minimal mechaniza ion, and inadequa e was e managemen in as uc u e [29], [35]. This kind o wo king caused pollu ion
las ing ma ine en i onmen al ha m and damages. In China use machine o cu he ship his ocus on o educe he ma ine en i onmen
and make he wo k sa e [32], [40]. The main di e ence in law en o cemen is di e en in bo h s a e ha ha e easonable ou come
and en o cemen show he China ha e be e en i onmen ally han Pakis an.
The ship b eaking show he s a e Socio-economic conside a ions o a s a e. The Gadani Shipya d p oduced many jobs o local
people and also gi e economic suppo o ci ilian, c ea ing a ension be ween economic needs and en i onmen al sus ainabili y
[27], [28]. In China he echnology educes he need o wo ke he people o China ace a lo o p oblem and p essu e bu i is easy
Gadani Shipya d: En i onmen al Impac s on Ma i ime Pollu ion in Pakis an and China — A Legal and Policy Analys
IJSSHR, Volume 08 Issue 11 No embe 2025 www.ijssh .in Page 9124
o ollow he en i onmen al law [25], [26]. This s udy show ha how he balance o economic g ow h and p o ec he en i onmen al
in eg i y human heal h is impo an .
In sho we can say ha he compa ison highligh ha en i onmen al ha m in ship b eaking does no happen i s depend on how he
law a e en o ced and wha kind o echnology used and how he indus ies managed, In Pakis an he Gadani indica e he ed ligh
o dange due o poo egula ion and dependence on manual me hod while China ha e s ic moni o ing and laws and using machines
and ollow he law and ule egula ion acco ding o in e na ional s anda d i will educe he en i onmen al and ecycling bad impac .
Fo be e and sui able policies need, imp o ed echnology, and global coope a ion.
Table 1: Pakis an and China Compa a i e En i onmen al Impac s o Shipb eaking
Pa ame e
Gadani Shipya d, Pakis an
Chinese Shipya ds
Ma ine pollu ion (hea y me als, oil)
High
Mode a e o low
Soil con amina ion
High
Mode a e
Ai pollu ion (pa icula es, oxic umes)
High
Low
Was e managemen (haza dous ma e ials)
Poo
Ad anced
Occupa ional haza ds
High
Low o mode a e (mechanized, PPE)
Regula o y en o cemen
Weak
S ong
Technology adop ion
Manual / labo -in ensi e
Mechanized / au oma ed
Table 2: Legal & Policy F amewo k Compa ison
Aspec
Pakis an (Gadani)
China
Na ional en i onmen al laws
Pakis an En i onmen al
P o ec ion Ac , 1997
Ma ine En i onmen al P o ec ion Law,
Solid Was e Pollu ion P e en ion &
Con ol Law
In e na ional con en ions
Signa o y o Hong Kong
Con en ion (no ully
implemen ed)
Fully in eg a ed Hong Kong Con en ion
Occupa ional heal h & sa e y laws
Fac o ies Ac 1934, limi ed
en o cemen
S ic labo and sa e y egula ions,
en o ced inspec ions
Moni o ing & compliance
Minimal inspec ions, weak
en o cemen
Regula inspec ions, licensing, penal ies
Was e handling & ecycling s anda ds
Poo , in o mal handling
Ad anced ea men , mechanized
ecycling
7. RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
Fo global ma i ime ade he ship b eaking indus y play a i al ole o ecycle he ma e ials. Howe e , The Gadani shipya d in
Pakis an and he China ship ecycling acili ies ace a big en i onmen al, social and heal h challenge. These challenges need o sol e
a ad ance echnology, policy in e en ion o p omo e a good p ac ice o balance economic needs.
7.1 Recommenda ions
1. S eng hen Regula o y F amewo ks: Pakis an should need o de elop shipb eaking-speci ic egula ions and ake he
con en ion as a s anda d Hong Kong In e na ional Con en ion o he Sa e and En i onmen ally Sound Recycling o Ships
(2009). I will assessmen o en i onmen al impac , make a clea ule o haza dous was e managemen p o ocols, and
en o cemen mechanisms o ensu e compliance [9], [52].
2. Enhance Ins i u ional Capaci y: The Pakis an En i onmen al P o ec ion Agency (Pak-EPA) need echnical skill,
moni o ing ools and p ope ly supe ise ecycling p ocess, egula ly e iew and inspec ion and hose who iola e he ules
hey ha e a s ic penal y o imp o e he compliance.
3. P omo e Mechaniza ion and Cleane Technologies: The eplacemen o Labo -in ensi e me hods, disman ling, oil
eco e y sys ems, and was e con ainmen acili ies should be educed. Lea n om China o used mode n echnology o
educing pollu ion and p o ec he wo king place [32], [40], [44].
Gadani Shipya d: En i onmen al Impac s on Ma i ime Pollu ion in Pakis an and China — A Legal and Policy Analys
IJSSHR, Volume 08 Issue 11 No embe 2025 www.ijssh .in Page 9125
4. Occupa ional Heal h and Sa e y Measu es: A Gadani he aining make manda o y and make a clea ules and egula ion
o sa e y o p e en inju ies and educe chemical exposu e [48], [49]. P o ide Awa eness p og ams and each him
de elopmen skill i will be help ul o wo ke i will a pa o egula o y sys em.
5. En i onmen al Moni o ing and Repo ing: Fo bo h s a e need moni o ing sys em o check egula ly wa e , soil, and ai
quali y, making he epo s and i will inc ease public ans e ence suppo s long- e m ecosys em eco e y.
6. In e na ional Coope a ion and Funding: Pakis an need help in inancial and echnical suppo om in e na ional
o ganiza ions, such as he IMO, UNEP, and ILO, o upg ade in as uc u e, ain pe sonnel, and implemen sus ainable ship
ecycling p ac ices [8], [50]. When Pakis an wo k on in e na ional p ojec i will each he Pakis an o global s anda d and
he en i onmen al isk should be low.
7. Socio-Economic Balancing: Balance en i onmen al p o ec ion need e ec i e policies wi h li e hood o wo ke s economic
impo ance o he shipb eaking indus y. en i onmen al ules do no ha m ulne able wo ke s, o mal employmen
channels can ensu e aining p og ams, new job oppo uni ies [27], [28].
7.2 Conclusion
Compa ing hese wo-s a e ship b eaking ya d i does no ha e o cause pollu ion i depends on how we can apply he ules,
echnology and o manage all ac i i ies. Gadani Shipya d s ill aces he big p oblem ha is en i onmen al pollu ion included soil
and wa e con ain hea y me als, oil is o en spilled, and he ai is di y his issue causes due o manual me hod, second is acili ies
a e poo and he main is ules and egula ion a e no ully en o ced. These kinds o p oblem pu he ma ine li e endange , ha m he
local people and make he indus ies u he unce ain.
The Chinese shipya ds used he machines, s ong moni o ing o en i onmen s ic ly ollow he na ional and in e na ional ules
egula ion like he Hong Kong In e na ional Con en ion o p o ec he ma ine en i onmen and sa e ship ecycling also o educe
he bad impac o ship b eaking. The p ac ices o China show ha mode n echnology wi h s ong go e nance can sa egua d he
Ma ine en i onmen also p o ec wo ke heal h and main ain economic s anda d.
Fo sus ainable ecycling o a ship, in Pakis an and o he de eloping coun ies, need comple e and balanced plan. I should need o
make s onge law and ules egula ion o p o ec he ma ine en i onmen , need mode n machine y o b eak he ship, imp o e sa e y
o wo ke and need help o echnical and inancial suppo om o he coun ies. Fo economic g ow h while educing en i onmen al
and heal h isks adop ing he s a egy he coun y can goes on good ways.
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