219
Ch onicle o a dea h o e old: Lepan hes nasa iana (O chidaceae,
Pleu o hallidinae), a newly desc ibed high-Andean o chid acing a
wo s -case clima e change scena io
Juan Sebas ián Mo eno1,2 , Angie Ta iana He e a Cobo3, Rubén Da ío Palacio1, Nicolas A. Hazzi4,5
1 Fundación Eco onos, Cali, Colombia, C a. 72 #13A 56, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
2 Ja dín Bo ánico de Cali, Fundación Zoológica de Cali, C a. 2 Oe. #21, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
3 Wildli e Conse a ion Socie y (WCS), Ca e a 24 D No. 6 Oes e – 10, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
4 Escuela de Biología, Facul ad de Ciencias, Uni e sidad Indus ial de San ande , Buca amanga, San ande , Colombia
5 Fundación Eco onos, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Co esponding au ho : Juan Sebas ián Mo eno ([email p o ec ed])
Copy igh : © Juan Sebas ián Mo eno e al.
This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde
e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion
License (A ibu ion 4.0 In e na ional – CC BY 4.0).
Resea ch A icle
Abs ac
Newly disco e ed species a e inc easingly ound o be h ea ened. Fo some, hei o mal
desc ip ion may al eady o e ell hei ex inc ion, a phenomenon we he e e m he “Nasa
E ec .” This phenomenon is inspi ed by he agic a e o San iago Nasa , he p o ago-
nis o Gab iel Ga cía Má quez’s Ch onicle o a Dea h Fo e old, whose impending dea h is
known o e e yone bu himsel . The Nasa E ec is pa icula ly e iden in clima e- ulne -
able ecosys ems, whe e species may be p ojec ed o ex inc ion based on d ama ic cli-
ma e-d i en habi a loss. We illus a e he “Nasa E ec ” h ough he desc ip ion o a new
o chid species, Lepan hes nasa iana (Lepan hes subsec . B e es), endemic o he cloud
o es s and pá amos o he Wes e n and Cen al Andes o Colombia, be ween 2,800 and
3,600 m ele a ion. The species inhabi s mossy b anches in shaded, humid en i onmen s
and is mos simila o L. me ueensis, om which i di e s by i s oblong-lanceola e lea es,
alca e pe al lobes, and na owly o a e lip blades wi h an in lexed appendix, among o he
cha ac e s. Based on i s cu en ex en o occu ence (27,502 km2) and a ea o occupancy
(12,775 km2), L. nasa iana is p elimina ily assessed as Leas Conce n (LC) ollowing he
IUCN Red Lis guidelines. Howe e , species dis ibu ion models p ojec ed o 2090 unde
he SSP5–8.5 scena io indica e a 96% loss o sui able habi a , which would quali y he
species as C i ically Endange ed (CR) unde C i e ion A3(c). Wi hou immedia e and con-
ce ed global e o s o mi iga e emissions, L. nasa iana exempli ies he po en ial a e o
many species desc ibed om clima e- ulne able ecosys ems, such as he high Andean
moun ains, whe e hey may al eady be on a p edes ined sho pa h o ex inc ion.
Key wo ds: Biodi e si y loss, conse a ion s a egies, endemism, ex inc ion isk, habi a
agmen a ion, habi a sui abili y, high-emission scena ios, mon ane ecosys ems
In oduc ion
The ongoing human-caused plane a y c isis is d i ing an unp eceden ed a e o
biodi e si y loss, h ea ening ecosys ems and he balance o li e on Ea h (Ca -
dinale e al. 2012; Díaz e al. 2019). Ala mingly, many species ace ex inc ion
Academic edi o : João Fa minhão
Recei ed:
8 June 2025
Accep ed:
20 Oc obe 2025
Published:
19 No embe 2025
Ci a ion: Mo eno JS, He e a Cobo
AT, Palacio RD, Hazzi NA (2025)
Ch onicle o a dea h o e old:
Lepan hes nasa iana (O chidaceae,
Pleu o hallidinae), a newly desc ibed
high-Andean o chid acing a wo s -
case clima e change scena io.
Phy oKeys 266: 219–240. h ps://doi.
o g/10.3897/phy okeys.266.161410
Phy oKeys 266: 219–240 (2025)
DOI: 10.3897/phy okeys.266.161410
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Phy oKeys 266: 219–240 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phy okeys.266.161410
Juan Sebas ián Mo eno e al.: A new Andean Lepan hes unde clima e isk
be o e hey a e e en disco e ed (Liu e al. 2022), spa king a ace agains ime
o iden i y, desc ibe, and ca alog new species be o e hey anish (Cos ello e
al. 2013; Boehm and C onk 2021). I is es ima ed ha h ee ou o ou unde-
sc ibed plan s may al eady be h ea ened (B own e al. 2023), gi en concu en
habi a loss and clima e change (Boonman e al. 2024) pa e ns. These unde-
sc ibed species a e o en a e endemics con ined o ex emely limi ed anges
(Pimm e al. 2014; Enquis e al. 2019). Many o hem a e ound in moun ain
ecosys ems, whe e clima e change e ec s ha e been iden i ied as one o he
mos signi ican h ea s (Fos e 2001; Kohle e al. 2010; Ala cón Hincapié and
Pabón Caicedo 2013; Schmelle e al. 2022).
Clima e change impac s on moun ain ecosys ems ex end a beyond ising
empe a u es, igge ing a cascade o ecological dis up ions. These include
shi s in p ecipi a ion pa e ns, al e ed hyd ological cycles, and educed cloud
co e (Helme e al. 2019; Pabón-Caicedo e al. 2020; Ma a-Guel e al. 2023;
Guzmán Q. e al. 2024). Collec i ely, hese changes heigh en he isk o habi a
loss and diminish he a ailabili y o sui able en i onmen al niches o moun-
ain species (Richa ds 2021; Cues a e al. 2023). Many o hese species, con-
s ained by na ow anges and ele a ion-dependen habi a s, may s uggle o
mig a e o mo e a o able condi ions (Bell e al. 2014), wi h ou comes hea -
ily in luenced by species-speci ic en i onmen al esponses (Maman o e al.
2021). While some species may ack coole empe a u es by shi ing o highe
ele a ions, pa icula ly in opical egions (F eeman e al. 2021), o o he s he
lack o highe ele a ions makes upwa d mig a ion impossible.
Ul ima ely, clima e change pa e ns pose a se e e h ea o he su i al
o highly specialized moun ain species, exace ba ing he biodi e si y c i-
sis in hese ecosys ems. This is pa icula ly conce ning in he opical An-
des, one o he mos biodi e se egions on he plane , exhibi ing high le els
o endemism and species u no e (Mye s e al. 2000; Hazzi e al. 2018).
This egion ha bo s an ex ao dina y ichness o plan species, many o
which emain undisco e ed (Rahbek e al. 2019). O pa icula impo ance
a e epiphy es, which cons i u e 30–50% o he ascula lo a in neo opi-
cal moun ains (Niede e al. 1999; Kelly e al. 2004; Gómez González e al.
2017; Taylo e al. 2022) and a e highly ulne able, wi h an es ima ed 60%
o neo opical epiphy es al eady acing ex inc ion isk (Ca mona-Higui a e
al. 2024). O chids, he mos di e se g oup o ascula epiphy es and one o
he la ges plan amilies globally, ace heigh ened isks due o hei highly
specialized habi a equi emen s, including na ow mic oclima ic ole anc-
es and speci ic ecological in e ac ions (Zo z 2013; Mond agón e al. 2015;
Ace edo e al. 2020). These cons ain s make hem pa icula ly ulne able
o habi a loss and en i onmen al change.
Clima e change can also dis up c i ical phenological e en s, leading o mis-
ma ches be ween lowe ing pe iods and pollina o ac i i y (Robbi e al. 2014;
Hu chings e al. 2018). Al hough such misma ches ha e been documen ed in
o he plan g oups, hei implica ions o o chids emain insu icien ly explo ed
(W ai h and Picke ing 2018). Howe e , eme ging e idence sugges s his gap
is na owing. Fo ins ance, Wa eyn e al. (2025) modeled he po en ial spa ial
decoupling be ween wild Vanilla Plum. ex Mill. species and hei pollina o s un-
de clima e change scena ios, showing ha species wi h na ow pollina ion
niches a e a pa icula ly high isk o losing ep oduc i e success due o u u e
221
Phy oKeys 266: 219–240 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phy okeys.266.161410
Juan Sebas ián Mo eno e al.: A new Andean Lepan hes unde clima e isk
ange misma ches. Simila ly, Ka emans (2024) highligh s how he unce ain y
su ounding he iden i y and e ec i eness o pollina o s o Vanilla plani olia An-
d ews—combined wi h i s low na u al ui se and clima e-d i en ulne abili y—
unde sco es he u gency o in eg a ing pollina o dynamics in o conse a ion
s a egies o o chids and hei wild ela i es.
Lepan hes Sw. is no only one o he mos di e se gene a o o chids bu
is also conside ed a megadi e se plan genus globally, wi h 1,196 desc ibed
species (Ka emans e al. 2023; Moonligh e al. 2024). Colombia is he
coun y wi h he highes ichness o Lepan hes, o aling 386 species, ac-
coun ing o 20% o he Pleu o hallidinae sub ibe in he coun y (Ka emans
e al. 2023). Despi e hei wide dis ibu ion, mos Lepan hes species exhibi
high le els o endemism (Lue and Thoe le 2012), wi h many known om
a single locali y (Lue and Thoe le 2012; Pupulin and Boga ín 2012; Ka e-
mans e al. 2023), such as moun ain op slopes (Pupulin and Boga ín 2012).
This ecological specializa ion makes Lepan hes highly suscep ible o he e -
ec s o clima e change (T emblay e al. 1998; C ain 2012; Lue and Thoe le
2012; Pupulin and Boga ín 2012; Ace edo e al. 2020).
In his s udy, we desc ibe a newly disco e ed species o Lepan hes wi h a
na ow dis ibu ion in high-ele a ion cloud o es s and pá amo ecosys ems o
he Wes e n and Cen al Co dille as o he Colombian Andes. We apply species
dis ibu ion models (SDMs) o assess i s cu en and po en ial u u e dis ibu-
ion unde di e en clima e change scena ios. Based on hese analyses, we
use IUCN Red Lis c i e ia o e alua e i s p esen and p ojec ed conse a ion
s a us (Zu ell e al. 2023; Pe domo e al. 2024). Addi ionally, using his species
as a case s udy, we explo e he b oade implica ions o wha we e m he “Na-
sa E ec ”, a phenomenon in which newly desc ibed species a e p edic ed o
ace imminen ex inc ion. This e ec highligh s he u gen challenges o biodi-
e si y disco e y and conse a ion in an e a o apid en i onmen al ans o -
ma ion, unde sco ing he need o accele a ed e o s o documen and p o ec
species be o e hey a e los .
Ma e ials and me hods
Taxonomic desc ip ion
Desc ip ions and d awings we e p epa ed om li ing specimens and low-
e s p ese ed in 70% e hanol. Vege a i e s uc u es we e measu ed om
d ied ma e ial, and ep oduc i e s uc u es om spi i ma e ial. Digi al im-
ages we e aken wi h a Nikon D750 came a and a 105 mm /2.8 mac o
lens. Ske ches om specimens we e digi ized and used o c ea e a d a
empla e in Adobe Pho oshop® CS6. A digi al composi e line d awing was
hen made (lines and s ippling) using he P oc ea e illus a ion applica ion
on an iPad 6 h-gene a ion able compu e (Boga ín Cha es e al. 2019). The
new species was desc ibed ollowing s anda d bo anical e minology (S ea-
n 1992; Lue and Thoe le 2012; Been je 2016). In addi ion, all o iginal de-
sc ip ions o ela ed species we e consul ed o de ailed compa isons (Lue
1996; Dodson and Lue 2011; Lue and Thoe le 2012). The ypology o he
in lo escences ollows he classi ica ion p oposed by Rojas-Al a ado and
Ka emans (2024) o Pleu o hallidinae.
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Juan Sebas ián Mo eno e al.: A new Andean Lepan hes unde clima e isk
Occu ence and en i onmen al da a
A o al o nine eco ds we e ob ained o he new species, along wi h
specimens consul ed om he ollowing he ba ia: AMES, CAUP, COL, CUVC,
HUA, JAUM, JBB, TOLI, and VALLE. These eco ds p o ided he da a used o
model he species’ dis ibu ion. En i onmen al da a we e e ie ed om he
Wo ldClim da abase (h ps://www.wo ldclim.o g; Fick and Hijmans 2017),
which p o ides key bioclima ic a iables such as empe a u e, p ecipi a ion,
and clima ic a iabili y, including measu es o seasonali y and ex eme
condi ions (e.g., empe a u e annual ange, p ecipi a ion seasonali y).
To educe mul icollinea i y among p edic o a iables, which can lead o
in la ed a iance and un eliable model es ima es, we selec ed a iables
wi h Pea son co ela ion < 0.75. In addi ion, a iables we e chosen based
on hei biological ele ance and in e p e abili y o he species’ ecology.
Fo example, we e ained annual mean empe a u e (Bio1) ins ead o highly
co ela ed a iables such as maximum empe a u e o he wa mes mon h
(Bio5), because Bio1 p o ides a mo e ecologically meaning ul ep esen a ion
o he he mal en i onmen . The inal se o p edic o s included annual mean
empe a u e (Bio1), mean diu nal empe a u e ange (Bio2), empe a u e
seasonali y (Bio4), annual p ecipi a ion (Bio12), p ecipi a ion seasonali y
(Bio15), and p ecipi a ion o he wa mes qua e (Bio18). These a iables
we e used as p edic o s o he cu en pe iod (1950–2000) and u u e
scena ios o 2070 (2061–2080) and 2090 (2081–2100). Fo u u e
scena ios, we u ilized downscaled and calib a ed p ojec ions om Gene al
Ci cula ion Models (GCMs) based on AR6 (Masson-Delmo e e al. 2021) o
he In e go e nmen al Panel on Clima e Change (IPCC) unde wo Sha ed
Socioeconomic Pa hways (SSPs): SSP5–8.5, ep esen ing a pessimis ic
scena io, and SSP2–4.5, ep esen ing an op imis ic “s abiliza ion” scena io.
These con as ing scena ios we e chosen o cap u e a ange o possible
u u e clima e policies. We did no include SSP1–2.6, he mos op imis ic
pa hway, because ecen analyses indica e ha cu en global g eenhouse
gas emission ends mo e closely ollow SSP2–4.5 and make he deep
educ ions equi ed o SSP1–2.6 inc easingly unlikely o be achie ed
(Haus a he and Pe e s 2020; UNEP 2023; Ri chie and Dowla abadi 2024).
F om a conse a ion biology pe spec i e, i is p uden o base conse a ion
s a us assessmen s on ealis ic- o-wo s -case clima e ajec o ies
a he han o e ly op imis ic ones, ollowing he p ecau iona y p inciple.
O e es ima ing u u e habi a s abili y could unde es ima e ex inc ion
isk, leading o insu icien o delayed conse a ion ac ion. The modeling
a ea was de ined by conside ing he accessible a ea o he species—
based on he BAM diag am (Ba e e al. 2011)—o e ele an ime pe iods,
encompassing his o ical ac o s associa ed wi h he species’ dis ibu ion,
wi hou explici ly conside ing SDMs. Based on eco ds o he new species
and he geog aphic and biogeog aphic ea u es o he Andes (Hazzi e al.
2018), we hypo hesized i s accessible a ea (i.e., he egion ha he species
could ha e eached o e ele an ime pe iods, gi en his o ical dispe sal
ba ie s and biogeog aphic cons ain s; see Sobe ón and Pe e son 2005) in
he Wes e n and Cen al Co dille as o Colombia, as well as he wa m Cauca
Ri e alley.
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Juan Sebas ián Mo eno e al.: A new Andean Lepan hes unde clima e isk
Dis ibu ion modeling
The dis ibu ion o he new species was es ima ed using he Maxen algo i hm
(Eli h e al. 2006; Phillips e al. 2006). Models we e un wi h andom seed, main ain-
ing he maximum numbe o andom backg ound poin s a 1,000. To assess model
pe o mance, we applied a k- old c oss- alida ion p ocedu e, spli ing occu ences
in o aining and es ing da ase s (80% and 20%, espec i ely), and eplica ing he
p ocess 15 imes. Models we e e alua ed using he A ea Unde he Cu e (AUC)
me ic, which compa es model esul s wi h null expec a ions using a h eshold-in-
dependen measu e and indica es he model’s accu acy, wi h alues close o 1.0
ep esen ing be e pe o mance. We a e aged he AUC alues om he eplica es
and cons uc ed 95% con idence in e als o assess model signi icance compa ed
o andom expec a ions (AUC > 0.5). P ojec ions o p esen clima ic sui abili y o
u u e scena ios we e p oduced using Maxen ’s de aul se ings, and clamping
maps we e inspec ed o assess any “ex apola ion” o cu en condi ions o u u e
scena ios. Ou pu s we e plo ed as con inuous pixel alues ep esen ing clima ic
sui abili y, which we e subsequen ly con e ed o bina y p esence/absence (sui -
able/unsui able) alues using he minimum p esence h eshold. This h eshold
was deemed app op ia e because all eco ds we e ob ained and geo e e enced by
he au ho s, minimizing po en ial e o s in geo e e encing o species iden i ica ion.
We a e aged u u e p ojec ions o each GCM and scena io, es ima ing he coe i-
cien o a ia ion o e alua e geog aphic unce ain y in ou mean u u e p edic ions.
Finally, changes in clima ic sui abili y be ween cu en and u u e scena ios we e
assessed by calcula ing he di e ence be ween u u e and p esen in bo h con in-
uous and bina y models. All spa ial analyses we e pe o med using A cGIS 10.1.
Conse a ion s a us assessmen
To assess he conse a ion s a us o he new Lepan hes species, we applied
IUCN Red Lis c i e ia A and B (IUCN 2024). In line wi h Annex 1 o he Guide-
lines, we adop ed a p ecau iona y bu ealis ic app oach o unce ain y, docu-
men ing all assump ions, inpu da a, and es ima es o e o .
Fo C i e ion A, which e alua es popula ion educ ions based on pas , p es-
en , o p ojec ed declines, we used species dis ibu ion models (SDMs) o es-
ima e habi a loss o e ime. P ojec ions we e calcula ed o 2090 unde wo
clima e scena ios (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5). Al hough he s ic applica ion o
C i e ion A equi es declines o be measu ed o e h ee gene a ions o 10 yea s
(whiche e is longe , up o 100 yea s), gene a ion leng h is cu en ly unknown
o Lepan hes nasa iana and mos ela ed minia u e o chids. We he e o e used
habi a educ ion as a p ecau iona y p oxy o popula ion educ ion, as ecom-
mended in he IUCN Red Lis Guidelines and in line wi h T acewski e al. (2016).
These p ojec ions a e hus p esen ed as an explo a o y assessmen o isk
a he han a de ini i e Red Lis ca ego iza ion.
Fo C i e ion B, we es ima ed he cu en ex en o occu ence (EOO) and
a ea o occupancy (AOO) using he ConR package in R (Dauby e al. 2017). EOO
was calcula ed using a minimum con ex polygon a ound all known locali ies,
and AOO was e ined using he sui able habi a iden i ied in cu en SDMs o
imp o e ecological ealism. These me ics we e hen compa ed agains IUCN
h esholds o C i e ion B.
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Juan Sebas ián Mo eno e al.: A new Andean Lepan hes unde clima e isk
We no e ha ou ex inc ion isk analyses based solely on SDMs do no mee
he me hodological s anda ds equi ed o a o mal assessmen unde C i e i-
on E, which is ypically based on popula ion iabili y analyses (PVAs) o cou-
pled habi a –popula ion models. Consequen ly, esul s om such analyses a e
p esen ed he e as an explo a o y e alua ion o clima e-d i en isk, bu no as a
o mal applica ion o C i e ion E unde he Red Lis amewo k.
All spa ial analyses we e conduc ed using A cGIS P o 2.8 (Es i, Redlands,
CA, USA) and R 4.1.0 (R Co e Team 2021), wi h he packages ‘sp,’ ‘ as e ,’ and
‘dismo’ (Hijmans e al. 2023).
Resul s
Taxonomic ea men
Lepan hes nasa iana J.S.Mo eno & Hazzi, sp. no .
u n:lsid:ipni.o g:names:77372105-1
Figs 1, 2
Type. Colombia • Valle del Cauca: Municipio de Cali, Ve eda Peñas Blancas,
PNN Fa allones de Cali, Minas del Soco o, Queb ada La Española, 3115 m, 29
Janua y 2020, R. Galindo-T, A. Fie o, G. Rod íguez, and M. Espi ia 1473 (holo-
ype: CUVC; iso ype: CUVC).
Diagnosis. The new species is mos simila o Lepan hes me ueensis Lue &
R.Escoba , bu i can be dis inguished mainly by i s succulen , oblong-lanceo-
la e lea es ( s. ellip ic lea es); ans e sely bilobed pe als wi h bo h lobes na -
owly iangula , alca e, and a ma ginal iangula midlobe ( s. lobes na owly
oblong); and he lip wi h blades na owly o a e wi h a ili o m and pubescen
in lexed appendix ( s. o a e blades and a ili o m, e lexed appendix).
Desc ip ion. Plan s small in size, epiphy ic, caespi ose, up o 4.5–5.0 cm all;
oo s slende , lexuous, ili o m, 0.5 mm in diame e . Ramicauls slende , igh , sub-
e ec 18–23 mm long, enclosed by 4–5 acumina e, u owed, and mic oscopical-
ly pubescen lepan hi o m shea hs, wi h a dila ed, cilia e os ia. Lea es pu ple ab-
axially, co iaceous, succulen , oblong-lanceola e, 15.7–20.3 × 3.3–4.7 mm, apex
ema gina e wi h an abaxial apiculum in he middle, base cunea e, con ac ed in o
a pe iole 2–3 mm long. In lo escence a conges ed, dis ichous aceme, 12–20
successi ely many- lowe ed, up o 18 mm long, including he pseudopeduncle
o each mul i- lowe ed co lo escence, held app essed o he abaxial su ace o
he lea by a ili o m, e e e pseudopeduncle, 3 mm long, bo ne nea he apex
o he amicaul; lo al b ac s pu ple, conical, acumina e, minu ely e uculose,
0.5–0.7 mm long; pedicels e e e, up o 1 mm long. O a y e e e, cos a e, spa se-
ly e ucose, up o 0.7 mm long. Flowe s wi h bu gundy do sal sepals wi h sa -
on ma gins, he la e al sepals sa on, sligh ly inged wi h ligh bu gundy along
he mid ein; pe als wi h a e milion uppe lobe and sa on lowe lobe wi h he
apex inged wi h ligh bu gundy; lip blades c imson, deg ading o sa on owa ds
he apex, column c imson deg ading o whi e nea he apex. Do sal sepal o a e,
acumina e, den icula e, apex e lexed, 3- eined, ca ina e, 2.6–2.7 × 1.4–1.5 mm,
conna e o he la e al sepals o 0.5 mm. La e al sepals o a e, acumina e, den-
icula e, oblique, sligh ly a enua e, 1- eined, 2.5–2.6 × 0.9–1.0 mm, conna e
o 1 mm. Pe als ans e sely bilobed, lobes na owly iangula , alca e, cilia e,
225
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Juan Sebas ián Mo eno e al.: A new Andean Lepan hes unde clima e isk
mic oscopically pubescen , ob use, 0.5–0.6 × 1.4–1.6 mm, wi h a ili o m ma gin-
al iangula midlobe. Lip bilamina e, mic oscopically pubescen ; blades na owly
o a e, acu e, bases ounded, 0.88–0.90 × 0.24–0.31 mm, suppo ed by cunea e
connec i es om nea he base; body b oad, adna e o he base o he column; si-
nus ob use, wi h a ili o m, oblong, pubescen , in lexed appendix, eme ging om
he base o he main s uc u e, concealed in do sal iew and isible only in la e al
iew. Column e e e, dila ed, wi h he s igma bilobed wi h oblong lobes, 0.9–1.0
mm long, an he do sal, s igma en al. An he cap co da e, cuculla e, 0.2 mm
wide. Pollinia 2, yellow, py i o m, na owly obo oid, 0.4 mm long.
Figu e 1. Lepan hes nasa iana J.S.Mo eno & Hazzi. A. Habi ; B. Flowe ; C. Dissec ed pe ian h showing he do sal sepal,
la e al sepals, pe als, and lip; D. Lip, column, and o a y (la e al iew); E. Lip: le , do sal iew in na u al posi ion wi h he
an he cap; igh , expanded iew showing he laminae, body, and connec i es; F. An he cap and pollinia: le , do sal iew
o an he cap; igh , en al iew showing i s a achmen su ace and pai ed pollinia. D awing by J.S. Mo eno.
226
Phy oKeys 266: 219–240 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phy okeys.266.161410
Juan Sebas ián Mo eno e al.: A new Andean Lepan hes unde clima e isk
E ymology. The speci ic epi he nasa iana e e s o San iago Nasa , he p o-
agonis o he no el “Ch onicle o a Dea h Fo e old” by Colombian au ho Gab iel
Ga cía Má quez. The name was chosen in allusion o he cha ac e ’s agic a e—
unawa e o he h ea s a ound him, he is doomed o die p ema u ely. This mi o s
he si ua ion o he newly desc ibed species: al hough i may appea s able oday,
i s ex inc ion is p edic ed in he nea u u e. The species is expec ed o unde go a
“ o e old dea h” due o he inc easing equency and in ensi y o ex eme clima ic
e en s, d i en by an h opogenic accele a ion o clima e change. While clima e has
always luc ua ed na u ally, i is he unp eceden ed speed and magni ude o cu en
shi s—caused by human ac i i y— ha now pose a c i ical h ea o biodi e si y.
Figu e 2. Lepan hes nasa iana J.S.Mo eno & Hazzi in i o, Ronces alles, Tolima. A. Flowe , on al iew; B. Lea , showing i s
hick, succulen mo phology; C. Habi o he plan in si u, showing he g ow h o m and habi a . Pho og aphs by J.S. Mo eno.
227
Phy oKeys 266: 219–240 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phy okeys.266.161410
Juan Sebas ián Mo eno e al.: A new Andean Lepan hes unde clima e isk
Habi a and ecology. The species occu s in high Andean o es s and pá amos
o he Wes e n and Cen al Andes, ex ending owa d he Colombian Massi . I
h i es in highly humid o es s wi h small-s a u ed ees nea s eams, o en dom-
ina ed by abundan moss. These o es s a e cha ac e ized by ee species such
as B unellia goudo ii Tul., Hespe omeles e uginea (Juss. ex Pe s.) Ben h., My ci-
an hes hopaloides (Kun h) McVaugh, Weinmannia pubescens Kun h, and Wein-
mannia ollo ii Killip. Co-occu ing epiphy ic o chids commonly ound in hese
habi a s include Lepan hes in onsa Lue , Fe nandezia my illus (Rchb. .) Ga ay &
Duns ., Gomphichis al issima Renz, and Epidend um es epoanum A.D.Hawkes
Addi ional specimens examined (pa a ypes). Colombia • Valle Del Cauca:
Municipio de P ade a, Finca La Espe anza, sob e camino ceja que conduce al
pá amo de las Tinajas, 3482 m, Jul 2018, G. Reina, I. Nicholls & H. A enas 2651
(CUVC); • Cauca: Municipio de Pu acé, Co egimien o de Pale a á, ía Pale a á
– Isnos, PNN Pu acé, 3100 m, July 2024, A. Zuluaga & J.S. Mo eno 6347 (CUVC);
Municipio de To o ó, Co egimien o de Gab iel López, 3110 m, Ma ch 2016, J.S.
Mo eno & A. E azo 260 (CAUP); • Caldas: Municipio de Riosucio, A oyo Hondo,
bosque de la uche a de los Alpes ía Ja dín–Andes, 2800 m, Oc obe 2021,
T. A ias, S. Viei a, E. Res epo & D. Cada id 711 (CUVC); • Quindío: Municipio de
Salen o, ce ca de las C es as de Salen o, p edio p i ado, 2900 m, Oc obe 2024,
E. Res epo & S. S yles 296 (JBB); • Tolima: Municipio de Ronces alles, Ye ba-
buena, 3366 m, No embe , 2018 M. Rincón & J.S. Mo eno 2350 (TOLI).
Addi ional eco ds. Colombia. An ioquia: Municipio de U ao, Pá amo de
F on ino, 3413 m, Augus 2021, S. Viei a & E. Dominguez (Pho o!); Municipio de
U ao, Al o del Diablo, 3584 m, No embe 2020, S. Viei a & E. Dominguez (Pho o!).
Taxonomic no es. Lepan hes nasa iana belongs o subgenus Lepan hes, sec-
ion Lepan hes, subsec ion B e es Lue (1996), mo phologically cha ac e ized
by ha ing one- eined la e al sepals and acemes in which he achis be ween
lo al b ac s exceeds he pedicels (Lue 1996). The subsec ion is ep esen -
ed by nea ly 100 species in he Neo opics, wi h pa icula ly high ichness in
he no he n Andes (Lue and Thoe le 2012). In Colombia, L. subsec . B e es
comp ises abou 40 species, mos o hem es ic ed o high Andean o es s
and pá amos, making i a signi ican componen o he na ional Lepan hes lo-
a, which cu en ly includes o e 370 desc ibed species. Recen phylogene ic
analyses (A ias e al. 2025) ha e con i med he dis inc i eness o he “Monop-
e a” clade, which encompasses he ype species o L. subsec . B e es (Lep-
an hes monop e a Lindl.) and many o he membe s adi ionally placed in his
subsec ion. Al hough mo phological homoplasy is common in Lepan hes, he
uni eined la e al sepals emain a p ac ical diagnos ic ea u e ha uni es spe-
cies o L. subsec . B e es o iden i ica ion pu poses. In Boli ia, he subsec ion
shows an e en highe ela i e di e si y, including 24 o he 67 Lepan hes spe-
cies (o e one- hi d) eco ded in he coun y, wi h some axa exhibi ing unusual
ea u es such as plica e o in olu e la e al sepals, unde sco ing he mo pholog-
ical b ead h o he g oup ac oss i s ange (Lue and Thoe le 2010).
As s a ed in he diagnosis, L. me ueensis, a species o L. subsec . B e es
es ic ed o he Co dille a O ien al o Colombia (No e de San ande ), is he
mos simila o L. nasa iana. Howe e , L. nasa iana can be eadily dis inguished
by i s plan s wi h succulen , oblong-lanceola e lea es, pu ple abaxially ( s. co-
iaceous, ellip ic lea es, g een abaxially); amicauls sho e , enclosed by 4–5
acumina e, u owed lepan hi o m shea hs ( s. 7–9 long-cilia e shea hs wi h
234
Phy oKeys 266: 219–240 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phy okeys.266.161410
Juan Sebas ián Mo eno e al.: A new Andean Lepan hes unde clima e isk
Nicolas A. Hazzi h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-7657-8963
Da a a ailabili y
All o he da a ha suppo he indings o his s udy a e a ailable in he main ex o
Supplemen a y In o ma ion.
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Supplemen a y ma e ial 1
Supplemen a y igu e S1
Au ho s: Juan Sebas ián Mo eno, Angie Ta iana He e a Cobo, Rubén Da ío Palacio,
Nicolas A. Hazzi
Da a ype: jpg
Explana ion no e: Unce ain y in ecological niche models o Lepan hes nasa iana
J.S.Mo eno & Hazzi unde cu en and u u e clima e scena ios, based on he coe i-
cien o a ia ion (CV) ac oss 15 Maxen eplica es. G een indica es highe unce ain y,
while blue indica es g ea e model ag eemen . A SSP2-4.5 scena io o 2070 B SSP5-
8.5 scena io o 2070 C SSP2-4.5 scena io o 2090 D SSP5-8.5 scena io o 2090.
Copy igh no ice: This da ase is made a ailable unde he Open Da abase License
(h p://openda acommons.o g/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Da abase License
(ODbL) is a license ag eemen in ended o allow use s o eely sha e, modi y, and
use his Da ase while main aining his same eedom o o he s, p o ided ha he
o iginal sou ce and au ho (s) a e c edi ed.
Link: h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/phy okeys.266.161410.suppl1
