In e na ional Jou nal o Li e Science and Ag icul u e Resea ch
ISSN (P in ): 2833-2091, ISSN (Online): 2833-2105
Volume 04 Issue 11 No embe 2025
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.55677/ijlsa /V04I11Y2025-07
Impac Fac o : 7.88 , Page No : 681-687
www.ijlsa .o glable a : iA a 786| 681 P a g e
Ag onomic Va ia ions o Func ional Upland Red and Black Rice P omising
Lines in Medium Al i ude D yland A eas o Cen al Lombok, Indonesia
I Gus i Pu u Mulia a A yana1, Kisman1,2, Wayan Wangiyana1,2*
1Depa men o Ag onomy, Facul y o Ag icul u e, Uni e si y o Ma a am, Ma a am, Lombok, Indonesia
2Mas e o D yland Ag icul u e S udy P og am, Pos g adua e, Uni e si y o Ma a am, Ma a am, Lombok, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
The objec i e o his s udy was o de e mine he a ia ion in ag onomic cha ac e s o unc ional
upland ed ice and black ice p omising lines g own in he d yland a ea o medium al i ude in
Cen al Lombok, Indonesia. The ield expe imen was ca ied ou om May o Augus 2022,
which was a anged acco ding o Randomized Comple ely Block Design. The gene ic ma e ials
es ed we e 15 geno ypes consis ing o six lines o F5 ed ice, i e lines o black ice, h ee
pa en al geno ypes, and one compa ison a ie y o upland ed ice. Each geno ype was
eplica ed in h ee blocks. The ag onomic cha ac e s obse ed included plan heigh , lowe ing
da e, ha es ing da e, numbe o p oduc i e ille s (o panicles), panicle leng h, numbe o illed
and un illed g ains pe panicle, weigh o 1000 g ains, g ain weigh pe clump, and g ain yield
po en ial. The esul s showed ha he e was a ai ly high ag onomic a ia ion among hose 15
unc ional upland ice geno ypes especially on plan heigh , lowe ing da e, ha es ing da e,
panicle numbe pe clump, illed g ain numbe pe panicle, weigh o 1000 g ains, weigh o
g ains pe clump, and g ain yield po en ial. These indings indica e ha he e a e some desi able
ai s o hose ag onomic cha ac e s ha could be used o b eeding new supe io unc ional
upland ed and black ice a ie ies adap able on he d yland o medium al i ude in Cen al
Lombok, Indonesia, o elsewhe e.
KEYWORDS: ag onomic a ia ion; unc ional ice; ed ice; black ice; d yland; medium
al i ude
Published Online:
No embe 21, 2025
Co esponding Au ho :
Wayan Wangiyana
1. INTRODUCTION
One o he mos impo an s aple oods in Indonesia is ice p oduced om paddy ice plan s. Rice ge mplasm in Indonesia a ies
in shapes, sizes, colo s, la o s, and a omas [1], [2]. As epo ed by Mau e al. [3] ha mo e han 40 accessions ge mplasms o
upland ice in Eas Nusa Tengga a (NTT) possessed a high gene ic di e si y. The same as epo ed by A yana [4] ha mo e han
34 local a ie ies o upland ice in Wes Nusa Tengga a (NTB), in such six cul i a s o Lombok upland ice we e cha ac e ized o
ha e mo phological di e si y expec ed o be used as gene ic ma e ial in ice plan b eeding [2]. Based on he colo o he ice
g ain skin, he e a e whi e ice, b own ice, ed ice, and black ice [5]. Red ice and black ice a e unc ional ice because he ice
con en has one o mo e compounds ha a e bene icial o human heal h such as an ioxidan s, be a ca o ene and an hocyanin which
a e qui e high [6]. Abdullah [7] epo ed ha ed ice con ains p o ein (9.04%), a (1.59%), amilose (21.42%), amylopec in
(45.65%), s a ch (67.07%), be a-ca o ene (158.29 mg/100 g), an hocyanins (2.88 ppm), while black ice con ains p o ein (5.51%),
a (1.85%), amilose (22.97%), amylopec in (51.54%), s a ch (74.52%), be a-ca o ene (804.16 mg/100 g), and an hocyanins
(393.93 ppm).
Bo h ed ice and black ice ha e a good as e and a oma wi h a speci ic and unique appea ance. The ed and black ice ha e be e
p ope ies han whi e ice. The ed ice and black ice a e e icacious in inc easing he body's esis ance o diseases, epai ing li e
cell damage (“hepa i is” and “chi osis”), p e en ing kidney unc ion diso de s, p e en ing cance / umo s, slowing aging, as
an ioxidan s, clea ing choles e ol in he blood, and p e en ing anemia. In addi ion, black ice unc ions as a na u al dye o he
ood indus y in he o m o cakes, po idge, biscui s, ice c eam and e men ed be e ages [6]. In Bali, he ed and black ice a e
used as a means o many kinds o Hindu’s ce emonies in he o m o “peca uan”, “pesegahan” and “k ikk amas” [8], [9], [10].
Wayan W. e al, Ag onomic Va ia ions o Func ional Upland Red and Black Rice P omising Lines in Medium
Al i ude D yland A eas o Cen al Lombok, Indonesia
www.ijlsa .o glable a : iA a 786| 682 P a g e
The exis ence o ed and black ice in Indonesia is inc easingly sca ce due o he cul i a ion o new high-yielding a ie ies o ice
domina ed by whi e ice. The high-yielding a ie ies eleased by he Minis y o Ag icul u e o da e amoun o mo e han 233
a ie ies consis ing o 144 high-yielding a ie ies o inb ed ice (Inpa i), 35 a ie ies o hib ed ice (Hipa), 30 high-yielding
a ie ies o upland ice (Inpago), and 24 a ie ies o esh wa e swampy ice (Inpa a), mos o which a e p oduced by he
Ag icul u al Resea ch and De elopmen Agency [11]. Many a ie ies we e also eleased by se e al uni e si ies such as IPB wi h
IPB 3S and IPB 4S a ie ies ( eleased in 2012), Unsoed wi h Inpago Unsoed-1 ( eleased in 2011) and Un am wi h Inpago Un am-
1 ( eleased in 2011) h ough he Na ional Rice Conso ium ac i i ies ini ia ed by he Sukamandi Rice Resea ch Cen e . Mos o
he high-yielding a ie ies o ice eleased abo e a e whi e ice. The Inpago Un am-I a ie y is a high-yielding a ie y o ed
upland ice. Un il now, supe io a ie ies o ideal ype ed upland ice and black upland ice adap i e in he d yland o medium
highland ha e no been eleased. I is he e o e e y impo an o know he exis ence o po en ial sou ces o pa en als who ha e
ex ensi e mo phological and ag onomic a ia ions o he o ma ion o he high-yielding upland unc ional ice a ie y.
The d yland o he medium plain in Cen al Lombok dis ic is qui e la ge and has no been op imally u ilized, as well as ha ing
conside able po en ial o he de elopmen o upland ice o inc ease land p oduc i i y. Ba ukliang Subdis ic is a medium plain
egion in Cen al Lombok cha ac e ized by an inclined land slope o 15-40% o a e y sloping >40%, a mos a ound 11,000 ha
and has he highes annual ain all (163 mm/yea ) [12].
New gene ic esou ces ha ing he po en ial o he b eeding o supe io a ie ies o he ideal and new ypes unc ional upland ice
wi h high g ain yield po en ial and ea ly ma u i y o be de eloped in he d yland o medium plain a e e y necessa y since he e
a e many ice ge mplasms o hese p ope ies ha e no been iden i ied. A yana and Sudha mawan [13] epo ed ha an upland
ed ice expec ed line F2BC4P19-36 which has a high an hocyanin con en has been p oduced esul ed om he 4 ( ou ) imes
back c oss o he expec ed lines o d ough - ole an ed ice and he local cul i a o Kala Isi Tolo ed ice, which has a high
an hocyanin con en and ea ly ma u i y o 107 days, and high ille numbe pe clump, bu s ill has a ela i ely low g ain yield
po en ial o 5.8 /ha. This line was hen c ossed wi h IPB 3S (which has a po en ial yield o 11.2 /ha, ea ly ma u ed 112 days,
ex u e o lu y ice wi h whi e ice colo , small numbe o ille s) and Fa mawa i (has a po en ial yield o 9 /ha, ea ly ma u ed
115 days wi h a ex u e o lu ed ice, whi e ice colo , small numbe o ille s) h ough single and epea ed c oss-selec ion, which
was hen ollowed by pedig ee selec ion up o F5 and p oduced new supe io ed ice lines and ideal ypes [10],[14]. Simila ly,
om he esul o a single c oss be ween local paddy ice o black ice "Baas Selem" (which has lu y, ag an a oma, e y high
an hocyanin con en , bu low yield po en ial anging om 2 - 4 /ha) and he upland ice a ie y o Si u Pa enggang (which is
d ough ole an , high-yielding > 6 /ha, whi e ice na ional cul i a ), which is hen subjec ed o bulk selec ion up o F10 and
con inued wi h pedig ee selec ion up o F4 and p oduced a new ype o upland black ice p omising line, high-yielding and ea ly-
ma u i y [10].
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The s udy was ca ied ou on he d yland o medium plain a Tampak Si ing illage, Ba ukliang dis ic , Cen al Lombok
Regency, Wes Nusa Tengga a p o ince (Indonesia) wi h an al i ude o 373 m abo e sea le el, om June o Augus 2022. The
expe imen was laid ou in a Randomized Comple e Block Design wi h 15 unc ional upland ice geno ypes as he ea men s,
each o which was g own in h ee blocks ( eplica ions). The i een unc ional upland ice geno ypes (p esen ed in Table 1)
consis ed o six ed ice lines (G1 - G6), i e black ice lines (G7 - G11), h ee pa en al geno ypes namely he ed ice p omising
line (RRPL) “F2BC4P19-36” (G12), “Baas Selem” local cul i a (G13), “Si u Pa enggang” cul i a (G14), and a compa ison
cul i a “Inpago Un am-1” (G15). Each ea men was sown on an expe imen al plo measu ing 2 x 4 m, wi h a plan ing dis ance
o 25 x 25 cm, plan ed wi h one p e-ge mina ed seed pe plan ing hole. Fe iliza ion was done using Phonska (NPK) e ilize as
basal e iliza ion a a dose o 300 kg/ha, and U ea e ilize (45% N) a a dose o 200 kg/ha applied a 50 days a e seeding
(DAS).
The ag onomic ai s obse ed we e plan heigh , lowe ing da e, ha es ing da e, numbe o p oduc i e ille s pe clump, numbe
o non-p oduc i e ille s pe clump, panicle leng h, numbe o illed g ain pe panicle, numbe o un illed g ain pe panicle, weigh
o 1000 g ains, and g ain weigh pe clump. G ain yield po en ial ( /ha) wi h a mois u e con en o 14% was ob ained om he
yield o 1 m2 and hen con e ed o /ha. Measu emen s a e done acco ding o he a iables obse ed, bo h be o e and a e
ha es . Sample plan s we e aken as many as 10 plan s pe expe imen al uni which we e ca ied ou using sys emic andom
sampling, namely by aking sample plan s andomly in each expe imen al uni . Da a we e analyzed wi h analysis o a iance
(ANOVA) and u he es ed o mean di e ences wi h DMRT (Duncan Mul iple Range Tes ) a 5% signi icance le el using he
SAS 16 o Windows p og am.
Wayan W. e al, Ag onomic Va ia ions o Func ional Upland Red and Black Rice P omising Lines in Medium
Al i ude D yland A eas o Cen al Lombok, Indonesia
www.ijlsa .o glable a : iA a 786| 683 P a g e
Table 1. Fi een geno ypes o unc ional upland ed ice and black ice es ed in his s udy
T ea men Codes
Geno ypes
Type o ice
G1
F5 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/7
Red ice line (RRL)
G2
F5 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/15
Red ice line (RRL)
G3
F5 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/20
Red ice line (RRL)
G4
F5 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/13
Red ice line (RRL)
G5
F5 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/71
Red ice line (RRL)
G6
F5 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/83
Red ice line (RRL)
G7
F91/1/6/I/P3
Black ice line (BRL)
G8
F92/1/1/4/I/P3
Black ice line (BRL)
G9
F92/1/2/1//I/P3
Black ice line (BRL)
G10
F91/1/6//P3
Black ice line (BRL)
G11
F91/1/1/6/P3
Black ice line (BRL)
G12
F2BC4P19-36
Red ice p omising line (RRPL)
G13
Baas Selem
Black ice local cul i a
G14
Si u Pa enggang
Upland whi e ice cul i a
G15
Inpago Un am-1
Upland ed ice cul i a
No es: The 12 lines (G1-G12) we e de eloped by A yana e al. (2016); G13, G14 and G15 a e na ional ice cul i a s
III. RESULTS
Based on he esul s o ANOVA (analysis o a iance) o he ag onomic a iables, i appea s ha he ag onomic ai s a e
signi ican ly di e en (p- alues <0.05) among he geno ypes es ed, excep o panicle leng h (Table 2) and un illed g ain numbe
pe panicle (Table 3), which a e non-signi ican ly di e en (p- alues ≥ 0.05) among hose geno ypes. Based on he mean
compa ison es on plan heigh , he alles geno ypes we e G2 (122.19 cm) and Inpago Un am-1 (G15) (121.74 cm heigh ) and he
sho es one was he black ice line G9 (95.07 cm).
Table 2. A e age plan heigh , lowe ing da e, ha es ing da e, panicle numbe /clump and panicle leng h o he unc ional
upland ed and black ice lines g own in a medium al i ude d yland a ea o Cen al Lombok, Indonesia
Geno ypes
Plan heigh (cm)
Flowe ing da e
(DAS)
Ha es ing da e
(DAS)
Panicle
numbe /clump
Panicle leng h
(cm)
G1 (RRL)
101.37 cd
83.33 ab
114.67 a
12.96 abcd
21.72
G2 (RRL)
122.19 a
80.33 b
112.00 bcd
13.04 abcd
24.84
G3 (RRL)
104.63 bcd
84.00 ab
111.67 cd
15.96 ab
22.74
G4 (RRL)
111.89 abc
84.00 ab
111.67 cd
12.11 ab
22.40
G5 (RRL)
106.30 bcd
80.00 b
113.67 abc
17.15 ab
23.01
G6 (RRL)
113.67 abc
84.67 ab
111.00 de
17.59 ab
23.63
G7 (BRL)
104.85 bcd
85.67 ab
114.67 a
9.81 d
20.47
G8 (BRL)
108.85 bcd
89.67 a
115.33 a
9.93 cd
20.75
G9 (BRL)
95.07 d
89.33 a
111.67 cd
15.85 abc
21.08
G10 (BRL)
112.96 abc
89.33 a
114.00 ab
12.93 abcd
21.62
G11 (BRL)
108.96 bcd
86.00 ab
109.00 e
17.85 ab
21.38
G12 (RRPL)
115.67 ab
85.33 ab
107.33
16.41 ab
22.14
G13 (Baas Selem)
103.96 bcd
87.00 ab
110.00 de
14.63 abcd
22.28
G14 (Si u Pa enggang)
107.48 bc
84.33 ab
111.00 de
18.85 a
22.94
G15 (Inpago Un am-1)
121.74 a
79.33 b
107.33
18.89 a
23.94
ANOVA
Signi ican
Signi ican
Signi ican
Signi ican
Non-signi ican
No e: Mean alues in he same column ollowed by he same le e s a e no signi ican ly di e en be ween geno ypes
Table 2 also shows ha lowe ing da es (days o lowe ing) o he 15 unc ional upland ice geno ypes ange om 79.33 –
89.67 days a e sowing (DAS). The ea lies lowe ing geno ype was he upland ed ice a ie y “Inpago Un am-1” (79.33 DAS)
and he la es one was he black ice line F92/1/1/4/I/P3 (G8) (89.67 DAS). Fo he ha es ing da e, he esul s indica ed ha he
ea lies ma u i y geno ype was he Inpago Un am-1 (G15) (107.33 DAS) and he RRPL F2BC4P19-36 (G12) (107.33 HST) while
he la es one was he RRL F5 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/7 (G1), black ice lines F91/1/6/I/P3 (G7), and
F92/1/1/4/I/P3 (G8) (114.67, 114.67, and 115.33 HST espec i ely). In addi ion o he la es ma u i y, G7 and G8 also p oduced
Wayan W. e al, Ag onomic Va ia ions o Func ional Upland Red and Black Rice P omising Lines in Medium
Al i ude D yland A eas o Cen al Lombok, Indonesia
www.ijlsa .o glable a : iA a 786| 684 P a g e
he lowes numbe o panicles pe clump (9.81 and 9.93 panicles/clump, espec i ely, while he geno ypes p oducing he highes
numbe o panicles we e Inpago Un am-I and Si u Pa enggang (18.89 and 18.85 panicles/clump), whe eas panicle leng h was no
signi ican ly di e en among he geno ypes es ed.
Based he g ain cha ac e s o he 15 unc ional upland ice geno ypes g own in he medium highland o Cen al Lombok NTB
(Table 3), he a e age numbe o illed g ains pe panicle was in he ange o 88.22 – 137.83 g ains/panicle. The highes numbe
o g ains pe panicle was in Inpago Un am-1 (137.83 g ains) and he lowes one was in he black ice line F92/1/2/1//I/P3 (G9)
(88.22 g ains/panicle). The numbe o illed g ain among he ed ice lines did no a y as well as among he black ice lines. I
can also be seen ha he e was no di e ence in he numbe o illed g ains among he ed ice lines and he black ice lines.
Table 3 also shows ha he weigh o 1000 g ains anges om 27.4 g o 31.6 g, wi h he highes weigh s was in he ed ice
line F5 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/15 (G2), i.e. 31.6 g and he lowes one was in he black ice line
F92/1/1/4/I/P3 (G8), i.e. 27.4 g. Howe e , he geno ype p oducing he highes 1000 g ain weigh did no p oduce he highes g ain
yield pe clump, in which he highes g ain yield pe clump was shown by he ed ice line F5 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-
63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/83 (G6) (47.93 g), while he lowes g ain yield was in he ed ice line F5 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-
63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/7 (G1) (25.81 g).
Al hough he mean alue o g ain yield was in G6, his geno ype showed non-signi ican mean alue o g ain yield pe clump
wi h i s pa en (G12) (35.70 g) and wi h he compa ison a ie y Inpago Un am-1 (40.41 g). The g ain yield po en ial pe hec a e o
he geno ypes es ed highly a ied (Table 3) wi h he a e age yields ange om 5.59 /ha o 7.05 /ha (Table 3). The highes g ain
yield po en ial was seen in he compa ison a ie y “Inpago Un am-1” (G15) (7.05 /ha) and he lowes was in he black ice line
G9 (5.59 /ha). The g ain yield po en ial be ween he ed ice lines (G1-G6) and hei pa en s RRPL (G12) did no signi ican ly
di e en , as well as be ween he black ice lines (G7-G11) and hei pa en s (Baas Selem and Si u Pa enggang), bu di e ed wi h
he compa ison a ie y “Inpago Un am-1”.
Table 3. The a e age numbe s o illed g ains, un illed g ains, weigh o 1000 g ains, weigh o g ains pe clump, and he
g ain yield po en ial pe hec a e o he unc ional upland ed and black ice lines g own in a medium al i ude d yland a ea
o Cen al Lombok, Indonesia
Geno ypes
Filled g ain
numbe /panicle
Un illed g ain
numbe /panicle
Weigh o 1000
g ains (g)
G ain yield pe
clump (g)
Po en ial yield
( /ha)
G1 (RRL)
109.39 abc
18.91
29.0 abc
25.81 c
5.86 bc
G2 (RRL)
114.04 abc
21.39
31.6 a
40.63 ab
5.40 c
G3 (RRL)
111.13 abc
20.74
29.1 abc
34.15 abc
5.86 bc
G4 (RRL)
124.24 abc
21.59
28.7 abc
35.37 abc
5.90 bc
G5 (RRL)
108.91 abc
20.22
29.9 abc
37.37 abc
5.64 c
G6 (RRL)
122.91 abc
22.67
29.8 abc
47.93 a
5.87 bc
G7 (BRL)
119.17 abc
15.30
28.0 bc
31.15 bc
5.62 c
G8 (BRL)
123.35 abc
18.20
27.4 c
28.15 bc
5.62 c
G9 (BRL)
88.22 c
14.17
29.6 abc
34.67 abc
5.59 c
G10 (BRL)
122.54 abc
16.26
27.7 bc
39.04 abc
5.74 bc
G11 (BRL)
109.17 bc
19.56
29.5 abc
40.78 ab
5.76 bc
G12 (RRPL)
123.04 abc
20.54
28.8 abc
35.70 abc
6.35 b
G13 (Baas Selam)
100.22 bc
18.07
28.4 bc
32.85 bc
5.43 c
G14 (Si u Pa enggang)
121.70 abc
17.31
28.4 bc
40.59 ab
6.03 bc
G15 (Inpago Un am-1)
137.83 a
14.20
30.9 ab
40.41 ab
7.05 a
ANOVA
Signi ican
Non-signi ican
Signi ican
Signi ican
Signi ican
No e: The numbe s ollowed by he same le e s in he same column did no di e signi ican ly on a 5% DMRT es .
IV. DISCUSSION
Plan heigh is a measu e o en obse ed as an indica o o g ow h and as a pa ame e used o de e mine c op p oduc ion [15].
IRRI [16] g oups plan heigh in o ca ego ies: sho (<110 cm), mode a e (110-130 cm), and all (>130 cm). Based on hese
ca ego ies, all geno ypes es ed as p esen ed in Table 3 we e ela i ely sho paddy ice excep o he ed ice lines F5 IPB3S/
F2BC4P19-63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/15, F5 IPB3S/ F2BC4P19-63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/ 13, and F5 IPB3S/F2BC4P19-
63//Fa /F2BC4P19-63-PD3/83 a e classi ied as medium heigh paddy ice, simila o he black ice line F91/1/6//P3; GH ed ice
and Inpago Un am-1. Those geno ypes we e s ill sho e compa ed o wo Lombok local upland ice cul i a s, i.e. Pa e Beaq
Ganggas 148 cm dan Pa e Beaq Sapi 146.7 cm, as epo ed by Ha ina e al. [2]. The alle plan s end o lie down easily due o
Wayan W. e al, Ag onomic Va ia ions o Func ional Upland Red and Black Rice P omising Lines in Medium
Al i ude D yland A eas o Cen al Lombok, Indonesia
www.ijlsa .o glable a : iA a 786| 685 P a g e
en i onmen al ac o s such as s ong winds impac . As Zen [17] epo ed ha sho e plan s will a oid lying down due o he
wind, so ha such plan s a e easy o ca e o .
Flowe ing da e anges om 79.33 – 89.67 days a e sowing (Table 2). The ea lies lowe ing geno ype was he Inpago
Un am-1 a ie y (79.33 DAS) and he la es one was black ice line F92/1/1/4/I/P3 (G8) (89.67 DAS). Based on he lowe ing
da e classi ica ions, all geno ypes es ed we e in he ca ego y o ea ly lowe ing (71-90 days) simila o hose epo ed by
Su yanug aha e al. [18]. Chand asa i e al. [19] epo ed ha ice plan s lowe ing ea lie will ha e an ea lie gene a i e phase.
The ea lie he ice plan s s a an hesis, he ea lie he ha es ing da e will be. A yana e al. [20] also epo ed ha knowing he
lowe ing da e is impo an in o de o de e mine he ime o sowing he seeds o synch onize lowe ing and o ge he same
ha es ing da e.
The panicle leng h anges 20.47 – 23.94 cm and showed no di e ences among he geno ypes es ed (Table 2). The leng h o
he panicle is a selec ion c i e ion o ice b eeding because i a ec s g ain yield. Plan s ha ha e long panicles will p o ide mo e
g ain so ha he yield ob ained becomes highe [21]. Panicle leng hs a e classi ied in o 3 ( h ee) g oups: sho panicles (< 20 cm),
medium panicles (20-30 cm) and long panicles (>30 cm) [22]. Based on his classi ica ion, all geno ypes es ed a e in medium
ca ego y (20-30 cm). To imp o e panicle leng h, Lombok local upland ice Beaq Ganggas (39.2 cm) migh be used as a gene
sou ce o panicle leng h [2].
The numbe o p oduc i e ille s o panicles pe clump anges 9.81–18.89 ille s (Table 2). The lowes numbe o panicles pe
clump was ound in he black ice line F91/1/6/I/P3 (G7) (9.81 ille s) and he highes ones we e in Inpago Un am-I and Si u
Pa enggang (18.89 and 18.85). Acco ding End izal and Bobihoe [23], p oduc i e ille s pe clump a e a de e minan o he numbe
o panicles, hus he ille s ha e a di ec e ec on he high and low g ain yield. Ha a [24] epo ed ha he numbe o he
p oduc i e ille s is ela ed o yield; a small numbe o ille s indica es low g ain yield. Meanwhile, he e was no di e ence o he
numbe o non-p oduc i e ille s among geno ypes (da a a e no shown). As epo ed by A yana e al. [10], ille s o med in he
la e s ages o he ege a i e phase end o be incapable o p oducing panicles. The non-p oduc i e ille s a e compe i o s o
p oduc i e ille s in u ilizing sunligh ene gy and nu ien s. In addi ion, mo e non-p oduc i e ille s will lead o an inc easingly
humid mic oen i onmen , p o iding oppo uni ies o he de elopmen o pes s and diseases.
As indica ed in Table 3, all ed and black ice lines excep o wo black ice lines (G9 and G11) had no di e en in he
numbe o illed g ains pe panicle wi h Inpago Un am-1. The numbe o illed g ains pe panicle is an impo an ai in b eeding
high yielding ice. Zhengjin e al. [25] de eloped an ideal ype o ice wi h illed g ain numbe mo e han 200 g ains pe panicle.
The numbe o illed g ains pe panicle co ela es wi h g ain yield bu is also in luenced by un illed g ain numbe . Yield o ice is
de e mined by he yield componen s such as he numbe o illed g ains pe panicle and he weigh o 1000 g ains. Each geno ype
has a di e en g ain yield capabili y depending on i s gene ic ai s. This can be seen by he di e ence in he numbe o illed
g ains be ween he geno ypes es ed and he compa ison a ie y (G15).
The weigh o 1000 g ains is one o he componen s ha a ec he yield. Acco ding o Ma e al. [26] o an ideal ype o ice
i akes a weigh o 1000 seeds be ween 28 - 30 g. Some local Indonesian ice a ie ies we e also epo ed o ha e e en less han
15 g [1]. The hea ie he 1000 g ain weigh , he highe he yield could be ob ained [27]. Howe e , Main ang e al. [28] epo ed
ha he weigh o 1000 g ains is no always ollowed by high yields. As shown in Table 3 ha he ed ice line F5
IPB3S/F2BC4P19-63//Fa / F2BC4P19-63-PD3/15 (G2) has he highes weigh o 1000 g ains (31.6 g) bu i s g ain yield po en ial
was lowe (5.40 /ha). Compa ed o Inpago Un am-1 (G15), i s 1000 g ain weigh was no he highes (30.9 g), bu i s g ain yield
po en ial was he highes 7.05 /ha.
The weigh o g ains pe clump o ice plan s is gene ally s ongly a ec ed by he numbe o illed g ains pe panicle, he
numbe and leng h o panicles, and he weigh o 1000 g ains [29]. Nu hidayah e al. [30] also added ha he numbe o illed
g ains de e mines he weigh o g ains pe clump o a ice plan . This can be seen in he G15, which has a ela i ely la ge amoun
o illed g ain compa ed o he pa en “Baas Salem” (G13), which has a small amoun o illed g ain (Table 3). The e o e, weigh
o g ains pe clump o he G15 geno ype was highe and i s g ain yield po en ial was also highe (7.05 /ha).
G ain yield po en ial desc ibes he g ain yield o plan ob ained in one a ea o land in one plan ing cycle. Acco ding o
A yana e al. [31], high g ain yield po en ial in paddy ice could be in luenced by he yield componen s such as he numbe o
p oduc i e ille s pe clump, he leng h o he panicle, he numbe o illed g ain pe panicle, and he weigh o g ain pe clump.
G15 (Inpago Un am-1) as a compa ison a ie y was a geno ype ha has a highe g ain yield po en ial compa ed o all lines es ed
and also he ed and black ice pa en al geno ypes.
V. CONCLUSION
The e was a ai ly high a ia ion in ag onomic ai s o he 15 unc ional upland ice geno ypes, especially on plan heigh ,
lowe ing da e, ha es ing da e, numbe o p oduc i e ille s, numbe o illed g ains, weigh o 1000 g ains, weigh o g ains pe
clump, and g ain yield po en ial. These indings indica e ha he e a e some desi able ai s o hose ag onomic cha ac e s ha
Wayan W. e al, Ag onomic Va ia ions o Func ional Upland Red and Black Rice P omising Lines in Medium
Al i ude D yland A eas o Cen al Lombok, Indonesia
www.ijlsa .o glable a : iA a 786| 686 P a g e
could be used o b eeding new supe io unc ional upland ed and black ice a ie ies adap able on he d yland o he medium
al i ude in he Cen al Lombok o he Wes Nusa Tengga a P o in e, Indonesia.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The au ho s would like o hank he Rec o o he Uni e si y o Ma a am, he Di ec o o he Pos g adua e P og am, and he Head
o LPPM o unding his esea ch p ojec h ough he “PNBP” esea ch scheme o he 2022 budge yea .
VII. DISCLOSURE
We do no ha e any con lic s o in e es in his wo k.
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