Dis ibu ion o small
G eenland halibu
in Ba in Bay
Technical epo no. 89, 2013
Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
2
Ti le: Dis ibu ion o small G eenland halibu in Ba in Bay.
Au ho (s): Ole A. Jø gensen
Se ial i le and numbe : Technical epo no. 89
Publishe : Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
Da e o publica ion: 1.4.2013
Redak ionen a slu e : 15.3.2013
T ansla ion: Maannguaq Be helsen
Financial suppo : Bu eau o Mine als and Pe oleum, G eenland Go e nmen as
pa o he Ba in Bay En i onmen al S udy P og am
Co e pho o: G eenland halibu om Jensen 1935
ISBN: 87-91214-64-5
ISSN: 1397-3657
Ci ed as:Jø gensen O.A. 2013. Dis ibu ion o small
G eenland halibu in Ba in Bay. Technical Repo no. 89.
G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces.
Con ac add ess: You can download a PDF- ile o he epo a his homepage
h p://www.na u .gl/publika ione / ekniske appo e
I is possible o achie e a p in o he epo he e:
Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
P.O. Box 570
3900 Nuuk
G eenland
Phone: +299 32 10 95
Fax: +299 32 59 57
E-mail: in o@na u .gl
www.na u .gl
3
Dis ibu ion o small
G eenland halibu
in Ba in Bay
by
Ole A. Jø gensen
Technical epo no. 89, 2013
Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
4
5
Eqqikaaneq
Qale alli a a aani ame lia o nissaannu pe ia issa pi saane saa Qeqe a suup
ki aani Disko Bank-ip S o e Helle iske Bank-illu ako nanniippoq, amaani
qale alli ukiumik a aa simik pisoqaassusilli km2-imu 10.000-i sinne lugi
ame lassuseqa a lu ik. Qale allilli ukioq a aaseq missilio lugu pisoqaassusilli
minne paamik a anna pasissuseq 72ᴼ 30`N immaqalu aamma assanngaannii suli
a anna pasinne usumi 300 aamma 500 m-inik i issusilimmi ame lalluinna a pu
(km2-imi a aa simi aalisakka >1000-i ), a anna pasinne usunili i issu si
ilimanaa illi anniki suinna mik misissui igineqa simappu . Qale alli ukiumik
a aa simik pisoqaassusilli ame lassusaa ukiumii ukiumu
allanngo a o ujussuusa poq, pe o ia o igisinnaasaasalu pingaa ne saasa
sumiissusaa aamma ukiummi ukiumu nike alaa sinnaasa pu . Qale alli
pe o ia o ne minni pe o ia o iusinnaasunu i ine usunu nuu a pu - Ba in
Bug -imu nuna aluunnii ki aa a a annaani kange lunnu ,
qale alinnia iusa unu . Qale aleeqqa unnuami immap qaa ungaanu ,
pingaa umik assagia suaqa lua a unu ne inia ia o apu . Taamaalillu illu
uuliamik mingu si sine mi ulo iana o sio inneqa sinnaasa lu ik.
Qale alinnia neq aningaasanik ise i aqa nissamu pingaa u ile ujussuu oq
sine issallu qani uani aalisa iusa uni aningaasaqa ne mu
pingaa u ile ujussuulluni. Innu aasu ila passui - pingaa umik pi issap ilaani
aalisa a u - qale alinniaqa aasa pu .
Sammen a ning
De ig igs e udenskæ s op æks om åde o helle isk ligge es o Disko mellem
Disko Banke og S o e Helle iske Banke, h o æ heden a e -å ige isk o e s ige
10.000 indi ide pe km2. E -å ige helle isk e imidle id al ige (> 1000 indi ide
pe km2) på dybde mellem 300 og 500 m mod no d il minds 72° 30’ N og
sandsynlig is no d he o , men de e o e age mege å unde søgelse på de
ele an e dybde i no dlige e om åde . De e s o å lig a ia ion i an alle a e -
å ige helle isk, og de e en is å lig a ia ion i beliggenheden a de ig igs e
op æks om åde. Helle isk søge a op æks om åde mod s ø e dybde, mens de
okse – en en ud mod Ba in Bug en elle ind i de no d es g ønlandske jo de,
h o de e e hånden ek u e es il iske ie . Små helle isk and e op i andsøjlen
om na en, h o de ou age e ø s og emmes på små k ebsdy æ ed
o e laden. De e således så ba e o e o olie o u ening.
Fiske ie e e helle isk e en ig ig ind æg skilde og ha s o be ydning o den
lokale økonomi i de indenskæ s om åde . En mege s o del a be olkningen – ø s
og emmes del ids iske e – del age i iske ie .
Summa y
The main o sho e nu se y a ea o G eenland halibu is loca ed wes o Disko
be ween S . Helle iske Bank and Disko Bank whe e one yea old ish a e ound in
6
la ge numbe s (> 10000 specimens pe km2). Young G eenland halibu a e,
howe e , abundan (> 1000 specimens km2) a dep hs be ween 300 and 500 m up
o a leas 72° 30’ N ( e y li le esea ch ac i i ies a ele an dep hs u he no h).
The e is g ea annual a ia ion in he numbe o one yea old G eenland halibu
and some annual a ia ion in he dis ibu ion o he main se ling a ea. F om he
nu se y a ea G eenland halibu mig a e owa ds g ea e dep h as hey g ow,
ei he owa ds he cen al Ba in Bay o he jo ds a No hwes G eenland, whe e
hey e en ually ec ui o he ishe y. Small G eenland halibu make e ical
mig a ions in o he wa e column du ing nigh ime whe e hey eed p ima ily on
c us aceans close o he su ace. They a e he e o e ulne able o oil spill.
The ishe y o G eenland halibu con ibu es subs an ially o he local economy in
he insho e a eas. A e y la ge ac ion o he male popula ion pa icipa es in he
ishe y, mainly as pa ime ishe s, and he ishe y se es o p o ide income
needed in he cash economy.
7
Table o con en s
1. In oduc ion .............................................................................................................. 8
2. Ma e ial and me hods ............................................................................................. 9
3. Resul s ................................................................................................................ 11
4. Re e ences ................................................................................................................ 17
8
1. In oduc ion
The G eenland halibu (Reinha d ius hippoglossoides) is a la ish species, widely dis ibu ed
in he No h A lan ic. A Wes G eenland i is ound om Cape Fa ewell in sou h o
Qaanaaq in no h (77°30’N) bo h insho e and o sho e a dep hs down o a leas 2000 m.
The main spawning a ea is belie ed o be loca ed in he Da is S ai on he sou he n slope
o he idge be ween G eenland and Ba in Island p obably a dep hs > 1500 m. Spawning
peaks in Feb ua y – Ma ch (Gunde sen e al. 2010). Spawning is p obably no aking
place insho e and in he Ba in Bay. I spawning occu s he e i is belie ed o be spo adic
and no su icien o main ain he popula ion (Simonsen & Gunde sen 2005).
Ea ly egg s ages a e ound be ween 240 and 640 m (Smid 1969) while he la ae a e
p ima ily ound a 13-400 m (Simonsen e al. 2006). The eggs and la ae d i in he wa e
mass o mo e han hal a yea be o e hey se le o he bo om (Jensen 1935, Smid 1969).
Consequen ly egg and la ae ha e he po en ial o d i long dis ances (S eenbe g e al.
2013).
F om he spawning a ea eggs and la ae d i s along he wes coas o G eenland o a e
b ough in o Canadian wa e s by a lec ion o he Wes G eenland cu en . The p opo ion
o la ae ha ends up in Wes G eenland wa e s is dependen o he longi udinal posi ion
o he spawning a ea. This dis ibu ion pa e n is suppo ed by he obse a ion o d i
buoys (Pede sen e al. 2002) and egg la ae d i model simula ions (S eenbe g e al. 2013).
The la ae ha d i no hwa d along he wes coas o G eenland each he se ling a ea
in Sep embe - No embe and se le (goes om pelagic s age o a bo om dwelling s age)
a 250-400 m dep h when hey a e abou 7-9 cm. T adi ionally la ae se le in Disko Bay,
on he shel es o no he n pa o S . Helle iske Bank, Disko Bank (Smid 1969, Jø gensen
1997a, S eenbe g e al. 2013), and p obably on he banks in Ba in Bay o a a ying ex en ,
depending o he hyd og aphic condi ions (wa e empe a u e and he eloci y o he
Wes G eenland cu en ).
F om he se ling a eas he G eenland halibu g adually mig a es owa ds deepe wa e as
hey g ow (Jø gensen 1997a, S eenbe g e al. 2013). O sho e in he Da is S ai (Jø gensen
1997a) and in he Ba in Bay (Unpublished agging da a om G eenland Ins i u e o
Na u al Resou ces) G eenland halibu mig a es g adually owa ds he spawning a ea in
he Da is S ai .
The G eenland halibu s ocks loca ed in he insho e a eas a e p obably composed o ish
ha o iginally ha e se led o mig a ed on he inside o he banks in he Ba in Bay and
g adually mo ed in o he jo ds as hey g ow. The G eenland halibu ha end up in he
Disko Bay and No hwes G eenland jo ds emains he e and do no con ibu e he
spawning in Da is S ai and (Boje 2002). No signi ican spawning has been obse ed in
he a ea, and he s ocks a e dependen on ec ui men om o sho e spawning a eas.
The e is li le in o ma ion on spawning in he Ba in Bay (Simonsen & Gunde sen 2005)
and all hough spawning may ake place in Ba in Bay i was es ima ed ha he egg and
la al mo ali y is so high due o he low wa e empe a u es ha he chance o success ul
spawning in Ba in Bay is conside ed low (S eenbe g e al. 2013).
G eenland halibu make equen mig a ions in o he wa e column o eed. This is
especially p onounced o 1-yea -old ish and o some ex en 2-yea -old ish ha
9
unde ake e ical eeding mig a ions a nigh o eed on pelagic C us aceans close o he
su ace. The head- ope in he esea ch awl was 50 below he su ace, bu he small
G eenland halibu is p obably ound e en close o he su ace (Jø gensen 1997b) because
Ch is ensen and Lea (1977) epo ed abou ca ches o G eenland halibu aken in salmon
ha d i s a he su ace.
Since he collapse o he cod s ock he G eenland halibu esou ce comp ised he majo
g ound ish esou ce in ecen yea s and he expo o G eenland halibu cons i u e abou
25 % o he o al expo om G eenland only exceeded by he expo o sh imp (S a is ics
G eenland, S a is ics o 2011).
The ca ches in No hwes G eenland ha e been ela i ely cons an in ecen yea s (Anon.
2012):
O sho e Ba in Bay: 6.700 ons (same amoun in Canadian wa e s).
Upe na ik: 6.500 ons.
Uummannaq: 6.500 ons.
Disko Bay: 8.000 ons.
The con ibu ion om he ishe y o he local economy in he h ee insho e a eas is
subs an ial. In Upe na ik, whe e he socio-economic impac o he G eenland halibu
ishe y has been analyzed in de ails (Delaney e al. 2012)) he e a e only 33 ull ime
ishe s bu 385 selle s, which is close o hal o he adul male popula ion. In he
se lemen s almos all males o some ex end pa icipa e in he ishe y. Fo he pa ime
ishe s ishing se es o p o ide income needed in he cash economy (acquisi ion o uel,
ammuni ion e c.) while hun ing mee s household obliga ions and subsis ence needs
(Delaney e al. 2012).
2. Ma e ial and me hods
Ou line o bo om awl su eys
The da a on G eenland halibu dis ibu ion a e sampled du ing annual bo om awl
su eys ca ied ou by G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces along he Wes coas o
G eenland including he sou he n and cen al pa o Ba in Bay a dep hs be ween 50 and
600 m since 1988.
The su ey co e s he o sho e a eas a Wes G eenland be ween 5915'N and 7230'N
om he 3-mile limi o he 600 m dep h con ou line and he insho e a ea Disko Bay and
Julianehåb Bay. The su ey a ea is di ided in o NAFO Di isions, which we e u he
subdi ided in o i e dep h s a a (50-100, 101-150, 151-200, 20-400 and 401-600) on basis o
dep h con ou lines. The a ea su eyed has, howe e , changed h oughou he yea s.
F om 1988 o 1990 he su ey a ea included Di . 1AN o 1D. In 1991 Di . 1AN was no
co e ed. In 1992 he su ey a ea was ex ended o include Di . 1AN o 1F and Disko Bay
(Di . 1AX), and his a ea is now su eyed annually. The su ey was o iginally designed
as a sh imp su ey and sampling o G eenland halibu da a was no comple e in he
pe iod 1989-1991. Since 1992 he sampling o ish has imp o ed and he su ey is now
conside ed as a combined sh imp and ish su ey. The su ey pe iod is June o Augus .
The su ey is designed as a s a i ied- andom awl su ey. A minimum o wo hauls pe
s a um is always planned. Due o new in o ma ion on he bo om opog aphy in Di .
16
1AS
1AN
1B
Age 1
Disko
S . Helle iske Bank
Disko Bank
2003-2012
54°W56°W58°W 52°W
70°N
72°N
68°N
66°N
1AS
1AN
1B
Disko
S . Helle iske Bank
Disko Bank
Age 2
2003-2012
54°W56°W58°W
70°N
72°N
68°N
52°W 66°N
Disko
S . Helle iske Bank
Disko Bank
Age 3+
2003-2012
1AS
1AN
1B
72°N
54°W56°W58°W
70°N
68°N
52°W 66°N
_2003_2012_2 by Age1
0
500
1000
5000
10000
1000 m
500 m
200 m
Numbe pe sq km
0
500
1000
5000
10000
Fig. 9 Dis ibu ion o G eenland halibu a age one, age wo and age 3+, espec i ely,
including all s a ions om 2003-2012.
17
Yea
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Numbe age 1 Di . 1AN
0.0
5.0e+4
1.0e+5
1.5e+5
2.0e+5
2.5e+5
Tempe a u e Co
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Numbe age 1 in Di . 1AN
Tempe a u e
Fig. 10. Tempe a u e on op o Fylla Bank and he numbe o age one G eenland halibu
in Di . 1AN he ollowing yea .
Acknowledgemen
The au ho would like o hank Bu eau o Mine als and Pe oleum, G eenland
Go e nmen , o unding he epo .
4. Re e ences
Anonymous 2012.
NAFO Scien i ic Council Repo s.
Boje, J. 2002.
In e mingling and seasonal mig a ion o G eenland halibu (Reinha d ius hippoglossoides)
popula ions de e mined om agging s udies. Fish. Bull. 100: 414-422
Bowe ing, W.R. & K.H. Ned eaas 2001.
Age alida ion and g ow h o G eenland halibu (Reinha d ius hippoglosoides): A compa ison o
popula ions in he No hwes and No heas A lan ic. Sa sia 86: 53-68.
18
Ch is ensen, O. & W.H. Lea . 1977. By-ca ch in salmon d i ne s a Wes G eenland in 1972,
Medd. G onl. 205(5), 38 p
Delaney, A. E., R. Jakobsen & K. Hend iksen 2012.
G eenland Halibu in Upe na ik: A p elimina y s udy o he impo ance o he s ock o he
ishing populace. Repo . Inno a i e Fishe ies Managemen . Ålbo g Uni e si y. 39 pp.
Gunde sen, A.C., C. S enbe g, I. Fossen, B. Lybe h, J. Boje & and O.A. Jø gensen 2010.
Sexual ma u i y cycle and spawning o G eenland halibu , R. hippoglossoides, in he Da is S ai
J. Fish Biol. 77: 21-226
Jensen, A.S. 1935.
The G eenland halibu (Reinha d ius hippoglossoides), i s de elopmen and mig a ions. D. Kgl.
Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Sk i e , Na & Ma ., VI.
Jø gensen, O.A. 1997a.
Mo emen Pa e ns o G eenland Halibu (Reinha d ius hippoglossoides (Walbaum), a Wes
G eenland, as In e ed om T awl Su ey Dis ibu ion and size da a. J. No hw. A l. Sci., 21: 23-
37.
Jø gensen, O.A. 1997b.
Pelagic occu ence o G eenland halibu , Reinha d ius hippoglossoides, in Wes G eenland wa e s.
J. No hw. A l. Sci., 21: 39-50.
Jø gensen, O.A. 2005.
Su ey o G eenland Halibu in he No he n Pa o Ba in Bay, NAFO Di ision 1A, 2004.
NAFO SCR Doc. 05/14.
Kingsley, M.C.S., P. Kannewo & D.M. Ca lsson 2004.
Bu e ed andom sampling: a sequen ial inhibi ed spa ial poin p ocess applied o sampling in
awl su ey o no he n sh imp Pandalus bo ealis in Wes G eenland wa e s. ICES J. Ma . Sci.
61: 12-24.
Nygaa d, R., & O.A. Jø gensen 2010.
Biomass and Abundance o Deme sal Fish S ocks o Wes G eenland Es ima ed om he
G eenland sh imp su ey, 1988-2009. NAFO SCR. Doc., 10/30.
Nygaa d, R., & O.A. Jø gensen 2012.
Biomass and Abundance o Deme sal Fish S ocks o Wes G eenland Es ima ed om he
G eenland sh imp su ey, 1988-2011. NAFO SCR. Doc., 12/16.
Ribe gaa d, M.H. 2012.
Oceanog aphic In es iga ions o Wes G eenland 2011. NAFO SCR. Doc., 12/002.
Smid , E.L.B. 1969.
The G eenland halibu , Reinha d ius hippoglossoides, biology and exploi a ion in G eenland
wa e s. Medd . Danm. Fisk. Ha unde s., 6, 79-148.
Simonsen, C.S. & A.C. Gunde sen 2005.
O a y de elopmen in G eenland halibu Reinha d ius hippoglossoides in wes G eenland wa e s.
Jou nal o Fish Biology. 67: 1299-1317.
S enbe g, C., M.H. Ribe gaa d, J. Boje &. S. Sundbye. 2013.
La al d i and se ling o G eenland halibu in NW A lan ic wi h special ocus on G eenland
wa e s. Fishe ies Oceanog aphy. In p ess.
19
