Copy igh © The Au ho (s). All Righ s Rese ed © 2025 GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | INT. Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch |
E ec o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (scen lea ) and
P e oca pus san alinoides (u ukpa lea ) on li e unc ion enzymes o
indome hacin-induced ulce a ed adul male Wis a a s
By Au ho (s):
________________________________________
Chinonye G Ede
Depa men o Home Economics Educa ion, Nnamdi Azikiwe Uni e si y, Awka.
[email p o ec ed].ng
Vi ienne N. Ibeanu
Depa men o Nu i ion and Die e ics, Uni e si y o Nige ia, Nsukka.
i [email protected]
Nkechi G. Onodugo
Depa men o Nu i ion and Die e ics, Uni e si y o Nige ia, Nsukka
Nkechinye e.onod[email p o ec ed]du.ng
Be ha O. Ogwo
Depa men o Human Nu i ion and Die e ics, Da id Umahi Fede al Uni e si y, Ebonyi S a e
[email p o ec ed]m
________________________________________
Abs ac :
This s udy in es iga ed he e ec o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (scen lea ) and
P e oca pus san alinoides (u ukpa lea ) on he li e unc ion enzymes ac i i ies o indome hacin-
induced adul male Wis a a s. F esh lea es o he samples we e ha es ed, weighed and washed
wi h ap wa e . One hund ed g ams o each lea was blended wi h 200 ml o wa e o p oduce he
pul e ized samples used o he a s udy. The esul s o he acu e oxici y (LD50) es o he wo lea
samples showed ha he lea es we e sa e a high doses. Fo y-nine adul male a s used o he s udy
we e g ouped in o 7 (A-G) based on body weigh . The g oups B-G we e induced wi h 30 mg/kg/body
weigh o indome hacin a e a 3-day acclima iza ion. Two a s we e andomly selec ed om each
induced g oup and sac i iced o asce ain he p esence o ulce . The g oup A which was no induced
se ed as he con ol; he G oup B was he nega i e con ol (induced bu no ea ed);G oup C he
posi i e (induced and ea ed wi h s anda d d ugs); he G oups D and E we e ea ed wi h 300 and 600
mg/kg/body weigh o pul e ized Ocimum g a issimum sample, espec i ely while he G oups F and
G we e ea ed wi h 300 and 600 mg/kg/body weigh o pul e ized P e oca pus san alinoides sample,
espec i ely. All he g oups we e ed a chow and wa e o 14 days. Li e unc ion enzyme
ac i i ies o he a s we e analyzed using s anda d me hods o baseline and endline. Da a collec ed
we e s a is ically analyzed using he s a is ical p oduc o se ice solu ion (SPSS) e sion 24.0. T- es
e-ISSN 3050-9602
p-ISSN 2795-4340
ARTICLE ID: #02164
VOLUME 08 ISSUE 10 OCT - 2025
10.5281/ZENODO.17670256
Page 44 o 55
E ec o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (scen lea ) and P e oca pus san alinoides (u ukpa lea ) on li e
unc ion enzymes o indome hacin-induced ulce a ed adul male Wis a a s
© 2025 Published by GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e & Resea ch
was used o compa e he baseline and endline da a wi hin he g oups. Analysis o a iance and
Duncan’s new mul iple ange es we e used o sepa a e he means. The esul s we e p esen ed as
means and s anda d de ia ion and a signi ican le el was se a p<0.05. The lea samples signi ican ly
(p<0.05) educed he li e enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) o he ea ed a s. The 600 mg/kg/body
weigh o O. g a issimum had he highes e ec on he ALP wi h 53.46% (60.60±13.01 o
28.20±4.97) di e ence be ween he baseline and endline. The 300 mg/kg/body weigh o P.
san alinoide had he highes e ec on he AST and he ALT wi h 50.86% (46.72±2.73 o 22.96±3.71)
and 54.65% (66.60±2.07 o 30.20±2.86) di e ence be ween he base and endlines alues,
espec i ely. The pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum and P e oca pus san alinoides educed
he ele a ed li e enzymes caused by induc ion wi h indome hacin o no mal.
How o ci e: Ede, C. G., Ibeanu, V. N., Onodugo, N. G., & Ogwo, B. O. (2025). E ec o pul e ized
lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (scen lea ) and P e oca pus san alinoides (u ukpa lea ) on li e
unc ion enzymes o indome hacin-induced ulce a ed adul male Wis a a s. GPH-In e na ional
Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch, 8(10), 44-55. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17670256
In oduc ion
The impo ance o plan o man’s exis ence canno be o e emphasized. Plan s a e used as
sou ces o oods and medicines since he dawn o ci iliza ion (1). Acco ding o Nwogu,
Ojiako and Ujowundu (2) many indigenous plan sa e aken as ood, spices o used o
medicinal pu poses in Nige ia. Phy o he apy is apidly gaining g ounds in sus aining human
heal h and in he p e en ion o ce ain diseases such as pep ic ulce . Plan s as na u al p oduc s
a e aluable sou ce o bioac i e compounds and ha e been used o medicinal pu poses all
o e he wo ld. Some ende lea es o some plan s a e used as ege able and ex ac s o he
lea es a e used in e hno – medicine o ea men o a ious ailmen s (3). Recen ly, he e has
been inc easing in e es in plan s- de i ed compounds as aw ood and medicinal agen s.
Cu en es ima es sugges ha , in many de eloping coun ies like Nige ia, a la ge p opo ion
o he popula ion elies hea ily on medicinal plan s and c ops o mee hei p ima y heal h
ca e needs (4).
Li e unc ion enzymes a e p o eins p oduced by he li e ha acili a e chemical eac ions in
he body. They play c ucial oles in a ious bodily unc ions, including de oxi ica ion, p o ein
syn hesis and he p oduc ion o diges i e enzymes. Common li e enzymes include alanine
amino ans e ase (ALT), aspa a e amino ans e ase (AST) and alkaline phospha e (ALP).
They a e impo an because hey can show i he e is any issue damage o in lamma ion in
he li e (5). Ele a ed li e enzymes a e gene ally a sign o a p oblem. This is because an
in lamed li e leak highe han no mal amoun s o li e enzymes in o he bloods eam,
esul ing in ele a ed li e enzymes. The e can be a ie y o easons o ele a ed li e
enzymes and consump ion o Indome hacin a non-s e oidal an i-in lamma o y d ug (NSAID)
is one o hem. Indome hacin adminis e ed o he expe imen al animals caused a ma ked
ele a ion in he le els o se um ALP, ALT and AST (6).
Many nu ien s in ood p omo e heal h and p o ec he body om disease. Plan s such as
Ocimum g a issimum (O. g a issimum) and P e oca pus san alinoides (P. san alinoidess) a e
Page No. 45
Ede, C. G., Ibeanu, V. N., Onodugo, N. G., & Ogwo, B. O. (2025). E ec o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (scen lea ) and
P e oca pus san alinoides (u ukpa lea ) on li e unc ion enzymes o indome hacin-induced ulce a ed adul male Wis a a s. GPH-
In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch, 8(10), 44-55. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17670256
Volume 8 Issue No 10 (2025) Access: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/a
widely used o he ea men o a ious ailmen s due o hei ex ensi e medicinal and
nu i ional p ope ies (7). Ocimum g a issimum commonly called A ican basil and belongs o
he amily o Lamiaceae is a he baceous pe ennial lowe ing plan which is woody a i s base.
The lea is called scen lea because i possesses a pleasan a oma which is esponsible o i s
use as spice and condimen s in cooking (8). The lea y ege able is used in adi ional
medicine o ea men and managemen o diseases ha ha e hei e iology and
pa hophysiology in ee adical gene a ion and oxida i e s ess like pep ic ulce and
hepa o oxici y (9). Acco ding o s udy done by Akah, John-A ica and Nwo u (10), Ocimum
g a issimum has gas o-p o ec i e e ec on expe imen al ulce a s. In addi ion, Scen lea
has an ioxidan p ope ies ha can help o educe oxida i e s ess, which is a key ac o in
ch onic in lamma ion (11).
P e oca pus san alinoides is a small – o – medium – sized deciduous ee belonging o he
abaceae amily. I is locally known as u u ukpa. Bioac i e compounds ound in he plan
ha e been shown o ha e a wide ange o biological ac i i ies (7) sugges ing he po en ial o
P e oca pus san alinoides o he ea men o a ious diseases. A wide a ay o biological
ac i i ies and po en ial heal h bene i s o P e oca pus san alinoides ha e been epo ed,
including an ioxida i e, an idiabe ic, an imic obial, an icance and an i-in lamma o y
p ope ies and p o ec i e e ec s on he li e , gas ic mucosa and ne ous sys em (7)
Despi e he bene icial oles and medicinal alues o P e oca pus san alinoides and Ocimum
g a issimum lea es he e is pauci y o in o ma ion on i s mic o ana omical e ec s on li e
enzyme ac i i ies and on he ole o hese lea es in he managemen o d ug induced ele a ed
li e enzymes. This s udy is, he e o e, aimed a e alua ing he e ec o P e oca pus
san alinoides and Ocimum g a issimum lea es in indome hacin- induced pep ic ulce in a
models.
Me hods
S udy design
Expe imen al design which en ails subjec ing he subjec s o di e en ea men s and hen
obse ing e ec (s) o he ea men on he ou come o a iables was used o he s udy.
P ocu emen and p epa a ion o he samples
F esh lea es o Ocimum g a issimum and P e oca pus. san alinoides we e plucked om he
ees and plan sh ubs in O ba in Udenu L.G.A. o Enugu S a e, Nige ia. These lea es we e
au hen ica ed by a Taxonomis a Depa men o Plan Science and Bio echnology, Uni e si y
o Nige ia, Nsukka. The lea es we e so ed, weighed using elec onic weighing scale (SKU:
RENG4032 ) and washed unde unning wa e be o e 100 g was blended wi h 200 ml o
wa e in o pulp using an elec ic blende (Mains ays 6- speed blende , T7199 model) and
s o ed in an ai - igh ja in a e ige a o a 3 oC o 3 days. F esh samples we e p epa ed
e e y 3 days.
E ec o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (scen lea ) and P e oca pus san alinoides (u ukpa lea ) on li e
unc ion enzymes o indome hacin-induced ulce a ed adul male Wis a a s
© 2025 Published by GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e & Resea ch
lea samples
↓
So ed
↓
Weighed
↓
Washed
↓
G ound
↓
Packaged he pul e ized lea es in an ai - igh ja
↓
S o ed in e ige a o a 3oC o 3 days
Fig. 1 Flow cha o he p ocessing o he Ocimum g a issimum and P e oca pus
san alinoides lea es.
Acu e oxici y and le hali y es o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum and
P e oca pus san alinoides
The acu e oxici y and le hali y (LD50) o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum and
P e oca pus san alinoides on he a s we e de e mined using he me hods desc ibed by Lo ke
(1983). Thi y-six albino a s ob ained om Depa men o Ve e ina y Pa hology, Uni e si y
o Nige ia Nsukka, Nige ia we e used o he 2-s age es s. In s age one, he animals we e
g ouped in o 3 o 3 a s and we e gi en 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg body weigh o pul e ized
lea es o Ocimum g a issimum and P e oca pus san alinoide., espec i ely. They we e hen
obse ed o 24 hou s o dea h and a he expi a ion o 24 hou s, he doses we e inc eased o
1600, 2900 and 5000 mg/kg body weigh , espec i ely (s age 2). The adminis a ion o he
lea es was done o ally wi h canula . They we e obse ed o 24 hou s o beha iou al
changes o dea h. In absence o any beha iou al changes o dea h a he expi a ion o 24
hou s, hese le els we e accep ed as sa e le els o Ocimum g a issimum and P e oca pus
san alinoides o his s udy.
Animal s udy
Sou cing o Ra s, Indome hacin, Omep azole and Animal Feed
A o al o 49 adul male wis a a s wi h no p io d ug ea men , weighing be ween 150-250
g we e used o his s udy. The a s we e pu chased om he Depa men o Ve e ina y
Pa hology, Uni e si y o Nige ia Nsukka, Nige ia. The indome hacin and omep azole
(s anda d d ugs) ha we e used in his s udy we e pu chased om De a Pha macy s o e in
Nsukka, Nige ia while he animal eed - Vi al eed g owe s mash o g and ce eals, Jos was
pu chased om Ogige ma ke Nsukka, Enugu S a e, Nige ia.
Page No. 47
Ede, C. G., Ibeanu, V. N., Onodugo, N. G., & Ogwo, B. O. (2025). E ec o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (scen lea ) and
P e oca pus san alinoides (u ukpa lea ) on li e unc ion enzymes o indome hacin-induced ulce a ed adul male Wis a a s. GPH-
In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch, 8(10), 44-55. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17670256
Volume 8 Issue No 10 (2025) Access: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/a
Housing and g ouping o he a s
The a s (49) we e di ided in o 7 g oups o 7 a s based on hei body weigh s wi h
di e ences no g ea e han 5 g and housed in he animal house o he Depa men o
Nu i ion and Die e ics, Uni e si y o Nige ia, Nsukka. The g oups we e agged A o G.
Ulce Induc ion
The a s we e le o acclima ize o 3 days be o e commencemen o he expe imen . All he
a s we e ed poul y g owe s mash and wa e ad libi um h oughou he pe iod o
acclima iza ion. The a s in g oups B - G we e dep i ed o ood bu had ee access o wa e
o 24 hou s p io o ulce induc ion. The ulce induc ion solu ion was p epa ed by dissol ing
100 mg o indome hacin in 10 ml o wa e o o m concen a ion o 10 mg/ml. Thi y
kilog amme/body weigh o he p epa ed indome hacin solu ion was adminis e ed o ally wi h
a canula o a s in g oups B -G (13). Two a s we e andomly selec ed om each g oup and
sac i iced acco ding o he modi ied me hod o B zozowski e al. (1998) o asce ain he
p esence o ulce 4 hou s a e induc ion. Blood o de e mine he baseline da a o he selec ed
li e ma ke enzymes and an ioxidan biochemical ma ke s we e collec ed. The G oup A
which se ed as a con ol did no ecei e indome hacin.
Feeding o he s udy animals
The animals in g oup C we e gi en omep azole he common ulce d ug se ed as he posi i e
con ol while animals in g oups D o G we e ed o ally wi h 300 and 600 mg/kg/body weigh s
o he pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (PLOG) and P e oca pus sna alinoides
(PLPS) using canula o a pe iod o 14 days. Table 3.1 shows he summa y o he ea men
gi en o a s in each g oup.
Table 1: Summa y o he expe imen al design
G oup
T ea men
Dose (mg/kg BW)
Numbe
o a s
Du a ion
(Days)
A
No induc ion + no ea men
5
14
B
Ulce induced bu no ea men
(nega i e con ol)
5
14
C
Ulce induced + ea men wi h
Omep azole ( posi i e con ol)
30
5
14
D
PLOG
300
5
14
E
PLOG
600
5
14
F
PLPS
300
5
14
PLPS
600
5
14
PLPS= Pul e ized lea es o P occa pus san alinoides, PLOG = Pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g as issimum,
BW = Body weigh
E ec o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (scen lea ) and P e oca pus san alinoides (u ukpa lea ) on li e
unc ion enzymes o indome hacin-induced ulce a ed adul male Wis a a s
© 2025 Published by GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e & Resea ch
Collec ion o blood samples
Blood samples we e collec ed om he e obulba plexus o he eyes o all he a s in each
g oup using a mic o capilla y ube in o he sample bo les. The blood was allowed o clo o
ob ain se um o he de e mina ion o alanine amino ans e ase, alkaline phospha ase,
aspa a e amino ans e ase, acco ding o he me hod desc ibed by Pa asu aman e al. (2010).
The alues we e compa ed wi h he s anda ds.
De e mina ion o li e unc ion enzymes
De e mina ion o alkaline phospha ase (ALP)
P inciple: Li e alkaline phospha ase was measu ed using he me hod o Tie z (1976). The
p inciple o his me hod was based on he eac ion in ol ing se um alkaline phospha ase and
a colou less subs a e o phenolph halein monophospha e, gi ing ise o phospho ic acid and
phenolph halein which a alkaline pH alues, u n pink ha can be de e mined
spec opho ome ically.
P- ni ophenyl phospha e + H2O ALP PO42- + P-ni ophenol (pink a pH =
9.8)
Me hod: Blank and sample es ubes we e se up in duplica es and 0.05 ml o se um was
pipe ed in o he sample es ubes while 0.05 ml o dis illed wa e was pipe ed in o he blank
ube. Th ee millili e s (3.0 ml) o phenolph halein monophospha e was pipe ed in o each
ube and mixed, he ini ial abso bance aken a 405mm. A s opwa ch was s a ed, and he
abso bance o he es sample and he blank which se ed as he s anda d was ead again h ee
mo e imes a one-minu e in e als using spec opho ome y.
Alkaline phospha ase ac i i y was calcula ed as:
De e mina ion o Alanine ans e ase (ALT)
P inciple: The me hod o Hen y, Chiamo i, Golub and Be kman (1960) was used. The
alanine ans e ase was measu ed by moni o ing he concen a ion o py u a e hyd azone
o med wi h 2, 4- dini ophenyihyd azine. The colou in ensi y was measu ed agains he
blank a 540 m
Me hod: One blank and one sample es ubes we e se up in duplica es and 0.1 ml o se um
sample pipe ed in o he sample es ubes. To hese was added 0.5 ml bu e solu ion
con aining phospha e bu e , L- alanine and α-oxoglu a a e, mixed ho oughly and incuba ed
o 30 minu es a 37°C and pH 7.4. A 0.5 ml o py u a e hyd azone con aining 2, 4-
dini ophenylhyd azine was la e added o he blank and sample ubes while 0.l ml o he
sample was added o sample blank ube. The con en s o he ubes we e mixed ho oughly
and incuba ed o 20 minu es a 25°C. Fi e millili es o sodium hyd oxide solu ion was hen
added o each ube and mixed. The abso bance was ead agains he blank using
spec opho ome y a e 5 minu es a 540 nm.
Page No. 49
Ede, C. G., Ibeanu, V. N., Onodugo, N. G., & Ogwo, B. O. (2025). E ec o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (scen lea ) and
P e oca pus san alinoides (u ukpa lea ) on li e unc ion enzymes o indome hacin-induced ulce a ed adul male Wis a a s. GPH-
In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch, 8(10), 44-55. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17670256
Volume 8 Issue No 10 (2025) Access: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/a
De e mina ion o Aspa a e ans e ase (AST)
P inciple: The me hod o Hen y e al. (1960) was used. AST was measu ed by moni o ing
he concen a ion o oxaloace a e hyd azone o med wi h 2, 4-dini ophenylhyd azine. The
colou in ensi y was measu ed agains he blank a 546 nm.
Me hod: The blank a id sample es ubes we e se up in duplica es. A olume, 0.1 ml o
se um was pipe ed in o he sample ubes and 0.5 ml o oxaloace a e hyd azone was pipe ed
in o bo h sample and blank ubes. The solu ions we e ho oughly mixed and incuba ed o
exac ly 30 minu es a 37°C and pH 7.4 and 0.5 ml o Reagen 2 con aining 2, 4-
dini ophenylhyd azine was added in o all he es ubes ollowed by 0.l ml o sample in o he
blank ubes. The con en o he ubes was mixed ho oughly and incuba ed o exac ly 20
minu es a 25°C and 5.0 ml o sodium hyd oxide solu ion was hen added o each ube and
mixed. The abso bance was ead agains he blank a e 5 minu es a 546 nm.
Da a analysis
Da a we e analyzed using he S a is ical P oduc and Se ice Solu ions (SPSS), e sion 24.0
and he esul s we e exp essed as means ± s anda d de ia ions. Analysis o a iance
(ANOVA) was used o gene a e he means while Duncans Mul iple Rang es and - es we e
used o sepa a e and compa e he means. S a is ical signi icance was se a p < 0.05 o all he
analyses.
Resul s
Table 4.2 delinea es he e ec o PLOG and PLPS on he alkaline phospha e (ALP) le els o
he expe imen al a s. A baseline, he e was no signi ican (p<0.05) di e ence among all he
g oups excep o he g oup A which had he lowes (37.40±5.98 IU/l) alue., ollowed by he
G oup F (54.80±16.02 IU/L). The endline alues we e simila bu o he g oup B had
signi ican ly di e en high (71.20±6.98 IU/I) alue.
Table 4.3 shows he e ec o PLOG and PLPS on alanine ans e ase (ALT). Baseline alues
o all he g oups we e simila excep o he g oup A which had he 30.20 IU/L o blood
while he o he g oups we e wi hin he ange o 57.40 IU/L o 66.60 IU/L. The endline alue
showed ha he e was no signi ican (p<0.05) di e ence in all he g oups excep o g oup B
bu he e was signi ican di e ence be ween he baseline and endline alues excep he g oup
A.
Table 4.4 displays he e ec o PLOG and PLPS on aspa a e ans e ase (AST) o he
expe imen al a s. The e we e no signi ican di e ences in he baseline alues o all he
g oups excep o he g oup A (28.15 IU/L). The AST alue o g oups B - G anged om
46.66 o 51. 96 IU/L while g oup A was. The endline alues showed no signi ican (p<0.05)
di e ences in all he g oups excep o G
E ec o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (scen lea ) and P e oca pus san alinoides (u ukpa lea ) on li e
unc ion enzymes o indome hacin-induced ulce a ed adul male Wis a a s
© 2025 Published by GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e & Resea ch
Table 2: E ec o PLOG and PLPS on alkaline phospha e (ALP) o expe imen al a s
(IU/L)
G oup
Baseline
End alue
p- alue
- alue
% Di e ence
A
37.40±5.98a
36.00±5.10a
0.296
1.20
-3.74
B
61.40±6.54bc
71.20±6.98c
0.014
-4.16
15.96
C
62.80±12.28bc
29.20±5.89a
0.012
4.39
-53.50
D
57.20±7.63b
35.20±7.01a
0.019
3.78
-38.46
E
60.60±13.01bc
28.20±4.97a
0.005
5.76
-53.46
F
54.80±16.02b
35.00±5.24a
0.077
2.36
-36.13
G
64.80±11.48bc
31.40±6.19a
0.001
7.86
-51.54
Values a e means± s anda d de ia ion o duplica e de e mina ions. Means wi h
di e en supe sc ip s in he same column a e signi ican ly di e en (p<0.05)
PLOG=Pul e ized Lea es o Ocimum g a issimum, PLPS-=Pul e ized Lea es o
P occa pus san alinoides
G oup A= No mal a s no induced, no ea ed)
G oup B = Nega i e con ol, ulce induced a s, no ea ed;
G oup C =Posi i e con ol, ulce induced a s, ea ed wi h s anda d ulce d ug;
G oup D = Ulce induced a s ea ed wi h 300 mg PLOG/kg body weigh
G oup E = Ulce induced a s ea ed wi h 600 mg PLOG/kg body weigh
G oup F = Ulce induced a s ea ed wi h 300 mg PLPS /kg body weigh
G oup G = Ulce induced a s ea ed wi h 600 mg PLPS /kg body weigh
Table 3: E ec o PLOG and PLPS on ALT o he expe imen al a s (IU/L)
G oup
Baseline)
Endline
p- alue
- alue
% Di e ence
A
34.20±4.87a
32.80±4.60a
0.439
0.86
-4.09
B
66.60±10.09bc
74.20±8.41c
0.003
-6.52
11.41
C
65.80±7.36bc
35.80±9.15a
0.003
6.40
-45.59
D
61.00±6.44b
33.80±5.72a
0.001
9.65
-44.59
E
57.40±8.02b
30.60±44.51a
0.000
11.94
-46.69
Page No. 51
Ede, C. G., Ibeanu, V. N., Onodugo, N. G., & Ogwo, B. O. (2025). E ec o pul e ized lea es o Ocimum g a issimum (scen lea ) and
P e oca pus san alinoides (u ukpa lea ) on li e unc ion enzymes o indome hacin-induced ulce a ed adul male Wis a a s. GPH-
In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch, 8(10), 44-55. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17670256
Volume 8 Issue No 10 (2025) Access: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/a
F
66.60±2.07bc
30.20±2.86a
0.000
18.53
-54.65
G
63.20±7.89b
32.80±4.32a
0.002
7.30
-48.10
Values a e means± s anda d de ia ion o duplica e de e mina ions. Means wi h
di e en supe sc ip s in he same column a e signi ican ly di e en (p<0.05)
PLOG=Pul e ized Lea es o Ocimum g a issimum, PLPS-=Pul e ized Lea es o
P occa pus san alinoides
G oup A= Nega i e con ol (No mal a s no induced, no ea ed);
G oup B = Posi i e con ol, a s induced, no ea ed;
G oup C = Ulce induced a s, ea ed wi h s anda d ulce d ug;
G oup D = Ulce induced a s ea ed wi h 300 mg PLOG/kg body weigh
G oup E = Ulce induced a s ea ed wi h 600 mg PLOG/kg body weigh
G oup F = Ulce induced a s ea ed wi h 300 mg PLPS /kg body weigh
G oup G = Ulce induced a s ea ed wi h 600 mg PLPS /kg body weigh
Table 4: E ec o PLOG and PLPS on AST o he expe imen al a s (IU/L)
G oups
Baseline
Endline
p- alue
- alue
% Di e ence
A
28.15±2.87ab
27.10±2.10ab
0.438
0.86
-3.73
B
51.15±5.21c
66.74±4.67d
0.007
-5.04
30.48
C
51.96±5.87c
29.94±1.80b
0.001
7.92
-42.38
D
46.66±5.26c
27.04±2.31ab
0.001
9.11
-42.05
E
47.96±1.50c
27.40±2.35ab
0.000
13.97
-42.86
F
46.72±2.73c
22.96±3.71a
0.000
14.67
-50.86
G
47.16±6.31c
26.06±1.51ab
0.003
6.42
-44.74
Values a e means± s anda d de ia ion o duplica e de e mina ions. Means wi h di e en
supe sc ip s in he same column a e signi ican ly di e en (p<0.05) PLOG=Pul e ized
Lea es o Ocimum g a issimum, PLPS-=Pul e ized Lea es o P e oca pus san alinoides
G oup A= No mal a s no induced, no ea ed;
G oup B = Nega i e con ol, ulce induced a s, no ea ed;
G oup C =Posi i e con ol, ulce induced a s, ea ed wi h s anda d ulce d ug;
G oup D = Ulce induced a s ea ed wi h 300 mg PLOG/kg body weigh
G oup E = Ulce induced a s ea ed wi h 600 mg PLOG/kg body weigh
G oup F = Ulce induced a s
