498
In e na ional Jou nal o Ad ance and Applied Resea ch
www.ijaa .co.in
ISSN – 2347-7075
Impac Fac o – 8.141
Pee Re iewed
Bi-Mon hly
Vol. 6 No. 40
Sep embe - Oc obe - 2025
Ma e nal and Child Wel a e in T ibal Communi ies: Issues, Policies, and
Remedies
D . Deshmukh S. B.
Depa men o Geog aphy,
A s and Science College, Chousala, Dis . Beed Maha ash a
Co esponding Au ho – D . Deshmukh S. B.
DOI - 10.5281/zenodo.17663849
In oduc ion:
Today's child en a e he u u e
gene a ion. Fo hei good heal h, i will help
in physical and men al de elopmen .
Conside ing all hese aspec s, his subjec has
been chosen. Any na ional de elopmen plan
ha emphasizes human de elopmen
necessa ily begins wi h child wel a e.
In es men made in he heal h and educa ion
o child en educes hunge and malnu i ion,
inc eases hope o li ing, and educes he dea h
a e. The p og am o he wel a e o women
and child en and he nu i ion p og am o
p egnan women, lac a ing mo he s, and
child en should especially be accele a ed in
ibal, hilly, and backwa d a eas.
This is he 15 h poin o he 20-poin
p og am, and o he holis ic de elopmen o
mo he s and child en, he In eg a ed Child
De elopmen Scheme (ICDS) is being
implemen ed. Al hough all schemes and
mechanisms a e unc ioning in Melgha , he
a e o malnu i ion has dec eased. E en oday,
mos pa en s conside child en’s malnu i ion
and diseases as di ine w a h o possession and
seek ea men acco dingly. T ibal people a e
s ongly bound by adi ional belie s and a e
unwilling o mo e away om hem.
E adica ion o blind ai h and imp o ing he
nu i ional le el o child en and p egnan
women will help educe child mo ali y.
Hence, his subjec has been chosen.
Keywo ds: In an Mo ali y Ra e (IMR), Li e
Bi hs, Pos -neona al Mo ali y, Child
Heal h, ICDS, T ibal Communi ies.
Objec i es:
To e alua e he implemen a ion o
In eg a ed Child De elopmen Se ice
Schemes and he deli e y o se ices.
Resea ch Me hodology:
This s udy was conduc ed using he
su ey me hod. Be o e s a ing he esea ch
wo k, p io p epa a ion and es ing we e done
o collec in o ma ion. A e 4 o 5 isi s,
guidance s udies we e conduc ed, appo and
us we e es ablished, and e alua ion was
ca ied ou . This esea ch was conduc ed in 10
Anganwadi cen e s o Am a a i dis ic .
In e iews we e aken o ICDS o ice s,
wo ke s, helpe s, supe iso s, bene icia ies,
hei pa en s, and social leade s. The main
esea ch was conduc ed om 2004 o 2006
using in e iew schedules and obse a ion
me hods o collec in o ma ion om
bene icia ies. This me hod p o ided use ul and
signi ican in o ma ion o he esea ch. The
loca ion o he p ojec is decided whe e he e
is he g ea es need, such as u ban slums,
backwa d u al o ibal dis ic s, d ough o
IJAAR Vol. 6 No. 40 ISSN – 2347-7075
D . Deshmukh S. B.
499
lood-p one a eas. Fo his p ojec , he s a e
go e nmen appoin s employees a h ee
le els: P ojec O ice , Supe iso , and
Anganwadi Wo ke .
Resul s and Discussion:
The U ili y o Se ices P o ided o he
Bene icia ies o he In eg a ed Child
De elopmen Scheme (ICDS): To imp o e he
supplemen a y nu i ion and heal h s a us o
child en aged 0 o 6 yea s, o lay he
ounda ion o child en’s physical, men al, and
social de elopmen , o educe he a es o
child mo ali y, childhood diseases,
malnu i ion, and school d opou s, o gi e
mo he s nu i ion and heal h educa ion so ha
hey can ake be e ca e o he gene al and
nu i ional needs o hei child en, and o b ing
abou e ec i e coo dina ion among a ious
depa men s ega ding policy and
implemen a ion o p omo ing child
de elopmen – hese a e he objec i es o he
scheme. To achie e hese objec i es, a ious
se ices a e gi en o bene icia ies in an
in eg a ed manne .
The u ili y o hose se ices has been
examined. In he s udy a ea, 90.00 pe cen o
bene icia ies in he age g oup o 0 o 3 yea s
ake he bene i o supplemen a y nu i ion,
86.50 pe cen ake he bene i o heal h
se ices. 84.00 pe cen o bene icia ies ake
immuniza ion and 60.00 pe cen ake e e al
se ices. In he age g oup o 3 o 6 yea s,
62.50 pe cen o bene icia ies ake he bene i
o in o mal school educa ion. 90.00 pe cen o
p egnan women ake he bene i o
supplemen a y nu i ion. 80.00 pe cen o
p egnan women we e ound o be aking
heal h checkups as well as immuniza ion. A
he end o he s udy, i was ound ha 100.00
pe cen o bene icia ies in Anganwadi cen e s
unde he s udy a ea had incomple e p o ec ion
om Vi amin A. This means ha in he
Anganwadi cen e s unde he s udy, he dose
o Vi amin A was no gi en. The eason o
his is lack o knowledge abou diseases
caused by de iciency, no conside ing i
impo an , e c.
Rega ding he ma e nal mo ali y a e
in he coun y, UNICEF conduc ed he
Na ional Family Heal h Su ey in 1993, and
i s e iew is as ollows: mo e han one lakh
women die e e y yea in India due o causes
ela ed o p egnancy and childbi h. Acco ding
o UNICEF’s epo on women’s dea hs du ing
childbi h, un il he 1990s, abou 1 lakh 10
housand women we e dying in childbi h,
acco ding o he Na ional Family Heal h
Su ey o India. Rega ding women’s dea hs in
childbi h, so much negligence is shown ha
consis en in o ma ion on women’s dea hs
du ing deli e y is no a ailable, he epo
says. The causes o ma e nal dea h a e
deli e y by midwi es, unhygienic condi ions
and bleeding, ea ly p egnancies. In Tamil
Nadu, ma e nal mo ali y has dec eased due o
be e ca e o women du ing deli e y. In he
s udy a ea, in ibal egions, home deli e ies
by adi ional bi h a endan s (midwi es) a e
mo e p e alen . This can be one o he easons
o in an mo ali y and ma e nal mo ali y.
To see how p epa ed he s udy a ea
was o p o ide heal h se ices du ing and a e
childbi h, he medical se ices a ailable a
ha ime we e e alua ed. A e he s udy i
was ound ha 70.90 pe cen o deli e ies
we e conduc ed a home. I he mo he was a
isk, hen 10.00 pe cen deli e ies ook place
a PHC cen e s / sub-cen e s, go e nmen
hospi als, o p i a e hospi als. A e esea ch i
was ound ha o he deli e ies conduc ed a
home, 70.00 pe cen we e conduc ed by
ained midwi es. 10.00 pe cen we e
conduc ed by heal h wo ke s, p i a e doc o s,
o un ained pe sons.
IJAAR Vol. 6 No. 40 ISSN – 2347-7075
D . Deshmukh S. B.
500
Due o i on de iciency, ma e nal
dea hs du ing childbi h, low bi h weigh
babies, e c. happen. Because due o
adolescence and mens ua ion, de iciency o
i on occu s in he body. In he In eg a ed Child
De elopmen Scheme, se ices a e p o ided o
gi e p o ec ion om anemia. In he s udy,
hese se ices we e included. I was ound ha
70.00 pe cen o Anganwadi cen e s ga e
p o ec ion om anemia, while 30.00 pe cen
ga e incomple e p o ec ion. F om he su ey
in he s udy a ea, i was seen ha om
Decembe 2006, o one mon h, he s ock o
olic acid capsules and liquid medicines had
un ou , and eplenishmen was no being done
se iously. The bene icia ies in ha a ea we e
ound o conside hese able s unimpo an ,
and e en whe e olic acid able s we e
a ailable, hey we e no aken egula ly.
Behind all hese hings is he igno ance among
bene icia ies.
Neona al Mo ali y:
Acco ding o he esea che , his a e
is ac ually highe . Bu due o una ailabili y o
eal da a and due o ime limi a ions, exac
igu es could no be ob ained. The age o
ma iage being e y low is a majo eason o
he highe a e o in an mo ali y. In Melgha
o e all, he a e o malnu i ion is e y high. I
is ound ha he e is a di e ence be ween he
in o ma ion o he heal h depa men and he
eali y. Un il ue in o ma ion comes o wa d,
he a e o malnu i ion will no educe.
S . No.
Bi h o Child en
2004-2005
2005-2006
Acco ding o
Heal h
Depa men
Acco ding o
Heal h
Resea che
Acco ding o
Heal h
Depa men
Acco ding o
Resea che
1
Li e bi h
188
188
114
114
2
Mo ali y wi hin 7
days
004
005
005
006
3
Mo ali y om 7 days
o 1 yea
007
009
002
004
4
I.M.R(In an
Mo ali y Ra e)
58.51
74.46
61.40
87.71
Conclusions:
In he age g oup o 0 o 3 yea s, 80
pe cen o child en ake he bene i o
supplemen a y nu i ion. 86.50 pe cen ake
he bene i o heal h se ices. 84.00 pe cen o
bene icia ies ake immuniza ion and 60.00
pe cen ake e e al se ices. In he age g oup
o 3 o 6 yea s, 62.50 pe cen o bene icia ies
ake he bene i o in o mal school educa ion.
90.00 pe cen o p egnan women ake he
bene i o heal h checkup and immuniza ion.
In 100.00 pe cen o Anganwadi
cen e s unde he s udy a ea, bene icia ies had
incomple e p o ec ion by Vi amin A. I was
ound ha he e was no knowledge abou
diseases caused by de iciency. 70.00 pe cen
o deli e ies a e conduc ed a home by
midwi es. Only i he mo he is a isk – 10.00
pe cen deli e ies happen a PHC cen e s, sub-
cen e s, go e nmen hospi als, o p i a e
hospi als. In 70.00 pe cen o Anganwadi
cen e s p o ec ion om anemia was p o ided.
In 30.00 pe cen o Anganwadi cen e s,
incomple e p o ec ion was p o ided.
Acco ding o in o ma ion om he heal h
depa men , in 2004–05 he in an mo ali y
a e was 58.81 pe cen . Acco ding o he
esea che , he a e was 74.46 pe cen . In
IJAAR Vol. 6 No. 40 ISSN – 2347-7075
D . Deshmukh S. B.
501
2005–06, acco ding o heal h depa men
in o ma ion, in an mo ali y a e was 61.40
pe cen , while acco ding o he esea che i
was 87.71 pe cen .
Recommenda ions:
To gi e nu i ion and heal h educa ion,
o p e en child ma iages, o main ain spacing
be ween wo child en, o es ic he numbe o
child en o wo, o gi e aining o women
conduc ing deli e ies, o p o ide
immuniza ion, supply o Vi amin A, olic acid
and egula heal h checkups. The go e nmen
should p o ide employmen so ha he
esponsibili y o nu u ing child en es s wi h
he mo he s hemsel es. Vacan pos s o heal h
o ice s and doc o s should be illed.
In he heal h depa men , necessa y
ambulances and medical supplies should be
a ailable. In emo e illages, oads and
elec ici y supply should be p o ided so ha
immuniza ion and heal h acili ies will become
accessible. E alua ion o he schemes being
implemen ed should be done. T aining should
be gi en o p epa e ood om he g ains
g own in hei own ields. Women should be
p o ided employmen h ough co age
indus ies so ha ins ead o going o he o es ,
hey can s ay a home, ake ca e o hemsel es
and hei child en.
Re e ences:
1. Bodhanka & Aloni, 1999, Social
Resea ch Me hods, Saina h P akashan,
Nagpu .
2. Bhanda ka , P.L., 1976, Social Resea ch
Me hods, M.V. G an h Ni mi i Mandal,
Nagpu .
3. Sa al Lele, 1995, Nu i ion and
Die e ics.
4. Sa lika , S., 2000, Sociological
Analysis o Leade ship in Ko ku T ibes.
5. T ibal De elopmen Plan 2002–03 and
10 h Fi e-Yea T ibal Ac ion Plan.
6. Ag awal, S. P emla a, Pa en al
Pa icipa ion wi h special e e ence o
hei sa is ac ion and unc ioning o
Anganwadi cen e s, Unpublished
Mas e ’s Disse a ion, Ha yana
Ag icul u al Uni e si y, Hissa .
7. Anjali Rajwade, Impac o s anda dized
nu i ional educa ion package on
beha io al change among p egnan and
lac a ing mo he s, Ph.D. Thesis,
Unpublished, Am a a i Uni e si y,
Am a a i.
8. Ba dha, G. & Jo himani, P., 1964,
Impac o ICDS Social Componen s on
child en and mo he s, Jadu (142–148).
9. Bawaka , B.S., 1993, Managemen o
Communi y Pa icipa ion in ICDS,
NIPCID, Technical Bulle in, New
Delhi, Ma ch No. 6.
