53
Neo opical Ich hyology, 6(1):53-56, 2008
Copy igh © 2008 Sociedade B asilei a de Ic iologia ISSN 1679-6225 (P in Edi ion)
ISSN 1982-0224 (Online Edi ion)
Cha acidium hei mos igma a, a new cha acidiin ish (Cha aci o mes:
C enuchidae) om he uppe io Pa aná basin, B azil
We e son J. da G aça and Ca la S. Pa anelli
Cha acidium hei mos igma a new species is desc ibed om he io I aí d ainage, uppe io Pa aná basin, Pa aná S a e, B azil.
The new species is diagnosed among i s congene s by he possession o eigh o 11 incomple e oblique da k ba s on he body
sides, ex ending upwa ds and downwa ds om he la e al line, independen ly o he eigh o nine do sal ans e se ba s
usually p esen in species o Cha acidium. The new species is simila o Cha acidium se ano om he uppe io U uguay
basin, bu di e s by me is ic and mo phome ic ai s.
Cha acidium hei mos igma a espécie no a é desc i a da d enagem do io I aí, bacia do al o io Pa aná, Es ado do Pa aná,
B asil. A no a espécie é diagnos icada de suas congêne es po ap esen a oi o a 11 ba as escu as, oblíquas e incomple as nas
la e ais do co po, pa a cima e pa a baixo da linha la e al, independen emen e das oi o ou no e ba as ans e sais que
ge almen e es ão p esen es nas espécies de Cha acidium. A no a espécie é simila a Cha acidium se ano, da bacia do al o
io U uguai, po ém di e e em ca ac e es me ís icos e mo omé icos.
Key wo ds: Cha acidiinae, io I aí basin, Neo opical, Sys ema ics, Sou h Ame ican da e s.
Uni e sidade Es adual de Ma ingá, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ic iologia e Aqüicul u a (Nupélia), P og ama de Pós G aduação em
Ecologia de Ambien es Aquá icos Con inen ais, A . Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Ma ingá, PR, B azil. [email p o ec ed],
[email p o ec ed]
In oduc ion
Cha acidiinae is a monophyle ic g oup o small Neo opi-
cal eshwa e ishes (Buckup, 1993a). Cha acidium Reinha d ,
1867 is he mos speciose di e se genus o his sub amily,
wi h abou 50 nominal species (Buckup, 2003; Buckup, 2007).
They a e small sized ishes, which do no su pass 100 mm o
SL, widesp ead in Neo opical i e s (Buckup, 1993a). Buckup
(1993b) p o isionally diagnosed Cha acidium (in a
phylogene ic sense) by he p esence o a black spo nea he
base o he middle caudal- in ays. New species o
Cha acidium ha e been ecen ly desc ibed by Buckup & Reis
(1997), Buckup & Hahn (2000), Za ske & Gé y (2001), Melo &
Buckup (2002) and Tapho n e al. (2006). This pape desc ibes
a new species collec ed by he s a o Nupélia (Núcleo de
Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ic iologia e Aqüicul u a,
Uni e sidade Es adual de Ma ingá), in h ee a luen s o he
io I aí, uppe io Pa aná basin, S a e o Pa aná, B azil.
Ma e ial and Me hods
Measu emen s and coun s ollow Buckup (1993c). Mea-
su emen s we e aken wi h digi al calipe s o he nea es 0.01
mm on he le side o he specimens and exp essed as pe cen s
o S anda d Leng h (SL) and Head Leng h (HL). Coun s a e
desc ibed in he ex , wi h he numbe o specimens o each
coun be ween pa en heses, and he holo ype da a ma ked wi h
an as e isk. Th ee pa a ypes o Cha acidium hei mos igma a
we e clea ed and s ained acco ding o Taylo & Van Dyke (1985)
p ocedu es, in o de o coun e eb ae, ec o and mesop e y-
goid ee h, b anchios egal ays and u al bones, and o o he
os eologic obse a ions. Clea ed and s ained specimens a e
ep esen ed by c&s. Ins i u ional abb e ia ions ollow s an-
da d ASIH codons lis ed a h p://199.227.217.251/ iles/
codons.pd , wi h he addi ion o NUP (Coleção Ic iológica do
Nupélia, Uni e sidade Es adual de Ma ingá). Mo phological
da a o C.bo ellii,C.e zeli,C.oi icicai, and C.p e os ic um
a e based on li e a u e accoun s (Gé y e al. 2001; Za ske &
Gé y, 2001; Melo, 2001; Buckup & Reis, 1997, espec i ely).
Cha acidium hei mos igma a, new species
Figs. 1 and 2
Holo ype. MZUSP 97738, 35.0 mm SL, B azil, Pa aná, Município
de P uden ópolis, uppe io Pa aná basin, io Ba a G ande, ibu a y
o le ma gin o io I aí, app ox. 24°40’S 51°15’W, 3 Ap 2007, C.
H. Zawadzki & W. J. G aça.
Cha acidium hei mos igma a, a new cha acidiin ish
54
Pa a ypes. B azil, Pa aná, uppe io Pa aná basin: MZUSP 97739,
1, 28.1 mm SL, collec ed wi h he holo ype. MCP 41935, 3, 38.8-
52.7 mm SL; MZUSP 97740, 5, 38.9-41.9 mm SL, NUP 1411, 4,
42.5-46.5 mm SL; NUP 5333, 2 c&s, 38.9-44.6 mm SL: Município
de Cândido de Ab eu, io Nes o , ibu a y o igh ma gin o io
I aí, app ox. 24°28’S 50°54’W, 22 No 1994, Nupélia. MNRJ
31594, 8, 44.2-54.0 mm SL; NUP 1381, 8, 40.2-45.6 mm SL; NUP
1393, 3, 45.3-50.0 mm SL; NUP 5334, 1 c&s, 37.5 mm SL: Município
de Jussa a, io Abelha, ibu a y o le ma gin o io I aí, app ox.
23°36’S 52°28’W, 17 No 1994, Nupélia.
Diagnosis. Cha acidium hei mos igma a can be
dis inguished om all o he congene s, excep C.se ano
(uppe io U uguai basin),by he p esence o eigh o 11
incomple e oblique ba s on body sides, ex ending upwa ds
and downwa ds om he la e al line and independen o he
eigh o nine do sal ans e se ba s which usually a e p esen
in Cha acidium species. Cha acidium hei mos igma a di -
e s om C. se ano by wide body wid h (12.2 o 15.7%) and
sho e numbe o pe o a ed scales on la e al line (32-35) s
8.7 o 11.1% in SL, and 37-39 scales in C. se ano.
Desc ip ion. Mo phome ic da a summa ized in Table 1. Body
usi o m, mode a ely comp essed. Do sal p o ile con ex be-
ween an e io ip o snou and do sal- in o igin, excep o
small conca i y due o in lexion o sup aoccip al p ocess,
almos s aigh be ween bases o do sal and caudal ins. Ven-
al p o ile con ex, mode a ely a ched be ween lowe lip and
pos e io end o pel ic- in base, s aigh be ween pel ic- in
base and anal- in o igin, and sligh ly conca e be ween pel-
ic- in o igin and caudal in base. G ea es body dep h a
do sal- in o igin.
Snou blun and ounded, i s ip a abou same le el as
en al ma gin o o bi . Mou h small and sub e minal. Maxil-
la y bone mode a ely elonga ed, eaching an e io ma gin o
o bi al. O bi ci cula , sligh ly la ge han snou leng h. Cheek
smalle han o bi , i s dep h abou one- hi d o o bi diame e .
Fig. 1. Cha acidium hei mos igma a, holo ype, MZUSP 97738, 35.0 mm SL. Pic u e ho izon ally lipped.
Fig. 2.Cha acidium hei mos igma a, pa a ype, NUP 1393, 40.8 mm SL.
Table 1. Mo phome ic da a o Cha acidium hei mos igma a
(n = 33), ange including da a o he holo ype. SD: s anda d
de ia ion.
Cha ac e s Holo ype Range Mean SD
To al leng h (mm) 43.4 35.9-66.5 53.5
S anda d leng h (mm) 35.0 28.1-54.0 44.1
Pe cen ages o s anda d leng h
Body dep h a do sal- in o igin 20.0 20.0-26.6 24.6 1.3
Body dep h a anal- in o igin 12.9 11.0-14.5 13.3 0.9
Caudal-peduncle dep h 10.0 9.6-12.3 11.3 0.7
Head leng h 22.9 22.4-24.6 23.5 0.6
Caudal-peduncle leng h 19.4 15.6-21.4 17.9 1.5
P eanal dis ance 74.6 71.9-77.3 74.8 1.4
P edo sal dis ance 43.5 43.5-48.1 46.0 1.5
P epec o al dis ance 22.6 20.5-26.0 23.4 1.0
P epel ic dis ance 51.4 46.1-52.8 49.4 1.5
Anal o apex dis ance 92.3 86.0-94.3 91.3 1.2
Body wid h 12.3 12.2-15.7 13.4 0.9
Pe cen ages o head leng h
Snou leng h 26.2 20.3-27.8 24.3 1.5
O bi al diame e 27.5 27.3-31.9 29.3 1.1
Cheek dep h 13.1 11.9-15.4 13.4 0.8
An e io na is o o bi 12.5 8.6-12.5 10.7 1.0
Pos e io na is o o bi 5.2 3.8-5.7 4.7 0.5
Snou o maxilla y ip 25.0 20.0-25.6 22.8 1.5
In e o bi al dis ance 23.7 21.0-25.5 23.2 1.3
W. J. da G aça & C. S. Pa anelli 55
Na es sepa a ed; pos e io na is conside ably close o eye
han o an e io na is; ma gin o an e io na is aised, o ming
ci cula im; de mal laps some imes p esen in pos e io na is.
Sup ao bi al p esen , somewha iangula in do sal iew,
medial edge abu ing on al, an e io end na ow and di ec ed
away om on al. Pa ie al b anch o sup ao bi al canal absen .
Pa ie al on anel an e io ly limi ed by on als. B anchios egal
ays 4(3); h ee a ached o an e io ce a ohyal and one o
pos e io ce a ohyal. O bi osphenoid sligh ly ec angula in
la e al iew, connec ed an e io ly o hinosphenoid,
pos e io ly wi h p e osphenoid, wi h pos e io - en al ee
ma gin conca e. P e osphenoid o amen o oph halmic ne e
ela i ely small, o med by unnel c ossing p e osphenoid
diagonally, bo de ed en ally by bony c es , p e en ing di ec
la e al iew o b ain ca i y h ough o amen. Gill- ake s 7(33*)
on ce a o and 4(33*) on epib anchial limb o i s b anchial a ch.
Ou e den a y ee h 8(33*), g adually dec easing in size,
wi h h ee iangula cusps, occasionally wi h minu e la e al
cusp on medialmos ee h. Inne den a y ee h absen .
P emaxilla y ee h 6(4), 7(22*) o 8(7), all conic, pos e io ly
cu ed. Ec op e ygoid ee h conic in single ow 5(1), 6(1) o
8(1). Mesop e ygoid ee h absen (3).
Scales cycloid; abou 10-12 adii on pos e io ield o la ge
scales. Small axilla y scale p esen on pel ic- in inse ion, i s
ip ex ending abou wo o h ee scales pos e io ly (33*).
La e al line comple e 32(6), 33(6*), 34(19) o 35(2) pe o a ed
scales. Scale ows abo e la e al line 4(19) o 5(14*); and below
4(13) o 5(20*). Scales in p edo sal se ies 12(33*). Scales
a ound caudal peduncle 12(33*). Is hmus comple ely scaled.
Do sal- in ays iii,10(24*) o iii,11(9); pec o al- in ays
iii,10(26*) o iii,11(7); pel ic- in ays i,8(20*) o i,9(13); anal-
in ays ii,8(14*) o ii,9(19); caudal- in ays i,9,8,i(33*). All ins
wi h pos e io ma gin ounded, excep bi u ca e caudal in.
Adipose in p esen .
To al numbe o e eb ae 34(3). Sup aneu als be ween
neu al spine o ou h cen um and i s do sal- in
p e ygiopho e 4(3). Epu als 3(3). U oneu al p esen (3).
Colo in alcohol. Backg ound colo o head and body pale
yellow. Ch oma opho es dis ibu ed o e en i e su ace o
head, including cheek and gula a ea, mo e densely on
do sola e al egion; di use, oblique, da k s ipe ex ending
om ip o snou o an e io ma gin o o bi , con inuing
longi udinally om pos e io ma gin o o bi o p eope cle.
Da k hume al spo conspicuous and e ically elonga e.
Ch oma opho es nea edge o exposed a ea o scales abo e
la e al line o ming e icula e pa e n. Thin da k b own,
longi udinal midla e al s ipe accompanying la e al line,
some imes inconspicuous. Da k middo sal blo ches 8(12*),
9(21). Ve ical ba s on body sides no co esponding in numbe
o posi ion o middo sal blo ches; ba s i egula , e ical o
an e io ly il ed 8(10*), 10(12) o 11(11) ex ending down and
backwa d om la e al line scales. Small, black spo nea base
o middle caudal- in ays. Pec o al, pel ic, and anal ins hya-
line. Do sal in wi h insconspicuous da k, ans e se bands.
Caudal in wi h i egula e ical bands.
Sexual dimo phism. Ex e nal sexual di e ences be ween
males and emales o Cha acidium hei mos igma a, such as
colo a ion pa e n o hooks on ins, we e no ound, e en
wi h he examina ion o b eeding males and wo li ing speci-
mens.
Dis ibu ion. Known only om io Abelha, io Ba a G ande,
and io Nes o , ibu a ies o io I aí, uppe io Pa aná basin,
Pa aná S a e, B azil (Fig. 3).
E ymology. F om he G eek hei mos (se ies) plus s igma a
(plu al o s igma = ma ks), e e ing o he se ies o black
ma ks p esen on he body sides. A noun in apposi ion.
Common name. Cha acidium hei mos igma a is popula ly
known in he sampled egion as “cani e e” o “mocinha”.
Discussion
Buckup (2003) lis ed om he io Pa aná basin
Cha acidium bo ellii (Boulenge , 1895) (Andean ibu a ies
o io Pa aná basin in no hwes e n A gen ina), C.e zeli Za ske
& Gé y, 2001 ( io Pa aná basin in Pa aguay), C. ascia um
Reinha d , 1867 ( io Pa anaíba, io G ande, io Tie ê and io
São F ancisco basins), C. gomesi T a assos, 1956 ( io G ande,
io Tie ê and io Pa anapanema basins), C.la e ale
(Boulenge , 1895) ( io Pa aná basin in Pa aguay), C.oi icicai
T a assos, 1967, ( io Tie ê and io Ribei a do Iguape basins),
and C. schuba i T a assos, 1955 ( io Pa anapanema basin).
O he species om adjoining basins lis ed by Buckup (2003)
a e Cha acidium lanei T a assos, 1967 (coas al basins be-
ween sou heas e n B azil in Pa aná S a e and io Ribei a do
Iguape basin), and C.p e os ic um Gomes, 1947 ( io Ribei a
do Iguape and io U uguay basins).
Fig. 3. Pa ial map o B azil and adjoining coun ies, showing
he dis ibu ion o he new species. T iangle e e s o he
ype-locali y o Cha acidium hei mos igma a ( io Ba a
G ande), losangle demons a es io Nes o and do indica es
io Abelha, all a luen s o he io I aí, uppe io Pa aná basin.
Symbols ep esen mo e han one lo o pa a ypes.
Cha acidium hei mos igma a, a new cha acidiin ish
56
Cha acidium hei mos igma a can be dis inguished om
all species men ioned abo e, mainly by colo pa e n, and
addi ionally o he comple ely scaled is hmus, ( s naked is h-
mus in C. ascia um,C.gomesi,C.lanei,C.oi icicai and C.
shuba i); comple e la e al line ( s incomple e in C.la e ale);
12 scales a ound caudal peduncle ( s 14 in C.bo ellii, and C.
p e os ic um).
I egula ba s on body a e also exhibi ed by membe s o he
C. lau oi species-g oup (sensu Melo, 2001), o med by: C.
japuhybense T a assos, 1949 (coas al s eams o sou heas -
e n B azil om Ilha G ande Bay o io Ribei a de Iguape basin),
C.lau oi T a assos, 1949 ( io Pa aíba do Sul basin), C.
oi icicai,C.schuba i, and o he wo undesc ibed species.
Bu membe s o his g oup possess small ounded do s along
he side o he body ( s absen in C.hei mos igma a).
Cha acidium is cu en ly conside ed a monophyle ic
g oup based on one synapomo phy: a black spo nea he
base o middle caudal- in ays (Buckup, 1993b). As Melo &
Buckup (2002) s a ed, Cha acidium species ha e no been
ye adequa ely classi ied in o subg oups, bu p obably,
Cha acidium hei mos igma a and C.se ano o m a pu a i e
monophyle ic g oup, uniquely diagnosed by he body side
ba s colo pa e n desc ibed abo e.
Fo app oxima ely o y yea s no Cha acidium species
ha e been desc ibed om he uppe io Pa aná basin. The
disco e y o he new species in he io I aí d ainage sugges s
ha new e o s mus be made o u he collec ing in he
uppe io Pa aná basin, mainly in i s ibu a ies o he Pa aná
S a e. This ac is co obo a ed by Pa anelli (2006) in he
ecen desc ip ion o Apa eiodon ladii om he io Piqui i
basin.
Compa a i e ma e ial: All om B azil, Goiás. Cha acidium
gomesi. NUP 1092, 7, 40.0-52.1 mm SL, Caldas No as, io Co umbá;
NUP 3815, 1, 41.2 mm SL, Te ezópolis, có ego Ma ia Paula; NUP
3816, 2, 40.0-57.5 mm SL, Anápolis, có ego Cunha. Cha acidium
sp. a .C.zeb a. NUP 1196, 100, 40.0-68.9 mm SL, Caldas No as,
io Co umbá; NUP 1206, 54, 42.0-69.0 mm SL, Caldas No as, io
Gamelei a; NUP 2302, 3, 52.0-65.0 mm SL, Minei os, io Fo moso
(Pa que Nacional das Emas). Pa aná. NUP 1384, 4, 53.0-75.8 mm
SL, Jussa a, io Abelha. San a Ca a ina. C.se ano. MCP 12488,
holo ype, 50.0 mm SL, Concó dia, io Jacu inga; MCP 12038,
pa a ype, 47.5 mm SL, Campos No os, io Canoas. São Paulo. C.
lanei. MZUSP 87604, 3 o 17, 37.7-40.1 mm SL, Be ioga, unnamed
s eam ibu a y o io Ve melho. C.lau oi. MZUSP 71848, 10,
15.2-45.4 mm SL, Guapia a, có ego de F ancisca Gomes (Pa que
Es adual de In e ales).
Acknowledgemen s
Thanks a e due o Má io de Pinna and Os aldo Oyakawa
(MZUSP), Zilda Lucena and Robe o Reis (MCP), and o Osca
Shiba a (MZUEL) o loaning and allowing examina ion o
ma e ial; o Cláudio Zawadzki (UEM/Nupélia), Ál a o Maie ,
and Hilke Voegel (UNICENTRO) o helping in sampling a
io Ba a G ande. Paulo Lucinda (UFT) c i ically e iewed and
imp o ed he manusc ip . Ha umi Suzuki and Ma li Campos
(UEM/Nupélia) gen ly iden i ied he ish sex. Nupélia o e ed
logis ic suppo . WJG was suppo ed by g an s om CAPES
(Coo denação de Ape eiçoamen o de Pessoal de Ní el Supe-
io ) and CSP om CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desen ol i-
men o Cien í ico e Tecnológico, p oc. 311975/2006-2).
Li e a u e Ci ed
Buckup, P. A. 1993a. The monophyly o he Cha acidiinae, a
Neo opical g oup o cha aci o m ishes (Teleos ei,
Os a iophysi). Zoological Jou nal o he Linnean Socie y, 108:
225-245.
Buckup, P. A. 1993b. Phylogene ic in e ela ionships and educ i e
e olu ion in Neo opical cha acidiin ishes (Cha aci o mes,
Os a iophysi). Cladis ics, 9: 305-341.
Buckup, P. A. 1993c. Re iew o he cha acidiin ishes (Teleos ei:
Cha aci o mes), wi h desc ip ions o ou new gene a and en
new species. Ich hyological Explo a ion o F eshwa e s, 4(2):
97-154.
Buckup, P. A. 2003. Family C enuchidae (Sou h Ame ican da e s).
Pp. 87-95. In: Reis, R. E., S. O. Kullande & C. J. Fe a is, J .,
(Eds.). Check Lis o he F eshwa e Fishes o Sou h and Cen-
al Ame ica. Po o Aleg e, Edipuc s, 729p.
Buckup, P. A. 2007. Família C enuchidae. Pp. 28-30. In: Buckup,
P. A., N. A. Menezes & M. S. Ghazzi (Eds.). Ca álogo das
espécies de peixes de água doce do B asil. Rio de Janei o, Mu-
seu Nacional, 195p.
Buckup, P. A. & L. Hahn. 2000. Cha acidium es igipinne: a new
species o Cha acidiinae (Teleos ei, Cha aci o mes) om
Sou he n B azil. Copeia, 2000(1): 150-155.
Buckup, P. A. & R. E. Reis. 1997. Cha acidiin genus Cha acidium
(Teleos ei, Cha aci o mes) in Sou he n B azil, wi h desc ip ion
o h ee new species. Copeia, 1997(3): 531-548.
Gé y, J., A. Za ske & H. J. Paepke. 2001. Supplemen a y
desc ip ions o wo o e looked ish axa, Lepo inus
mac olepido us Pe e s, 1868, and Nanogna hus bo ellii
Boulenge , 1895, ac ually membe s o he genus Cha acidium
Reinha d , 1866 (Teleos ei: Cha aci o mes: Cha acidiidae).
Zoologische Abhandlungen S aa liches Museum ü Tie kunde
D esden, 51(3): 23-31.
Melo, M. R. S. 2001. Sis emá ica, ilogenia e biogeog a ia do g upo
Cha acidium lau oi T a assos, 1949 (Cha aci o mes,
C enuchidae). Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Uni e sidade Fede-
al do Rio de Janei o, Rio de Janei o. 95p.
Melo, M. R. S. & P. A. Buckup. 2002. Cha acidium s igmosum
(Cha aci o mes: C enuchidae): a new species o Cha acidiin ish
om cen al B azil. Copeia, 2002(4): 988-993.
Pa anelli, C. S. 2006. New species o Apa eiodon (Teleos ei:
Cha aci o mes: Pa odon idae) om he io Piqui i, uppe io
Pa aná basin, B azil. Copeia, 2006(1): 89-95.
Tapho n, D. C. B., C. G. Mon aña & P. A. Buckup. 2006.
Cha acidium longum (Cha aci o mes: C enuchidae), a new ish
om Venezuela. Zoo axa, 1247: 1-12.
Taylo , W. R. & G. C. Van Dyke. 1985. Re ised p ocedu es o
s aining and clea ing small ishes and o he s e eb a es o
bone and ca ilage s udy. Cybium, 9: 107-119.
Za ske, A. & J. Gé y. 2001. Besch eibung on d ei neuen A en de
Ga ung Cha acidium Reinha d , 1866 aus Boli ien und
Pa aguay (Teleos ei: Cha aci o mes: Cha acidiidae). Zoologische
Abhandlungen S aa liches Museum ü Tie kunde D esden,
51(16): 229-246.
Accep ed Feb ua y 2008
Published 31 Ma ch 2008
