Resea ch A icle / A ículo de In es igación
Osmylidae (Insec a: Neu op e a) om A lan ic ain o es in sou heas e n
B azil and new eco ds o Gumilla adspe sus Na ás, 1912
Osmylidae (Insec a: Neu op e a) de la sel a a lán ica en el su es e de B asil y nue os egis os de
dis ibución pa a Gumilla adspe sus Na ás, 1912
1Ins i u o Biológico, Labo a ó io de Sis emá ica e Bioecologia de P edado es e Pa asi oides, Ribei ão P e o, SP,
B asil. 2Uni e sidade Es adual do Ma anhão, Caxias, Ma anhão, B asil. [email p o ec ed]*
ZooBank: u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:pub:8BF97195-F1C1-4704-BEC0-C0C88322044A
h ps://doi.o g/10.35249/ che.50.1.24.06
Abs ac . Be ween Oc obe 2009 and Decembe 2011, i e Malaise aps/a ea we e used o su ey
o he lance lacewings (Neu op e a: Osmylidae) in i e a eas o he A lan ic ain o es in São Paulo
s a e, B azil. We e ob ained 73 specimens o Isos enosmylus pul e ulen us (Ge s aecke , 1894) (96.1% o
he o al collec ed), wo o Gumilla adspe sus Na ás, 1912 (2.6%), and one o Isos enosmylus sp. (1.3%).
The osmylids we e mo e equen ly obse ed in he Pa que Es adual da Se a do Ma / Núcleo San a
Vi gínia (59.2% o he o al collec ed), Pa que Es adual In e ales (30.3%) and Pa que Es adual Mo o
do Diabo (7.9%), inland collec ion si es in he s a e o São Paulo, B azil. The geog aphic ange o G.
adspe sus is expanded o include he s a es o São Paulo and Rio de Janei o, B azil, based on wo s udied
specimens and one eco d in he ci izen science websi e iNa u alis .
Key wo ds: Gumillinae; Isos enosmylus pul e ulen us; lance lacewings; Neo opical auna; S enosmylinae.
Resumen. En e oc ub e de 2009 y diciemb e de 2011, se u iliza on cinco ampas Malaise/á ea pa a
ealiza un es udio de los Osmylidae (Neu op e a) en cinco á eas de la sel a a lán ica en el es ado
de São Paulo, B asil. Se ob u ie on 73 ejempla es de Isos enosmylus pul e ulen us (Ge s aecke , 1894)
(96,1% del o al ecolec ado), dos de Gumilla adspe sus Na ás, 1912 (2,6%), y uno de Isos enosmylus sp.
(1,3%). Los Osmylidae se obse a on con mayo ecuencia en el Pa que Es adual da Se a do Ma
/ Núcleo San a Vi gínia (59,2% del o al ecolec ado), Pa que Es adual In e ales (30,3%) y Pa que
Es adual Mo o do Diabo (7,9%), si ios de ecolección en el in e io del es ado de São Paulo, B asil. El
ango geog á ico de G. adspe sus se amplía pa a inclui los es ados de São Paulo y Río de Janei o, B asil,
basados en dos especímenes es udiados y un egis o en el si io web de ciencia ciudadana iNa u alis .
Palab as cla e: C isopas de lanza; auna neo opical; Gumillinae; Isos enosmylus pul e ulen us;
S enosmylinae.
In oduc ion
The di e si y, abundance and dis ibu ion o Neu op e a in o es s can be a ec ed by
habi a ypes and o ms, and he al i ude o hese en i onmen s can in luence he auna
o some amilies (Bozdoğan 2020; Cancino-López e al. 2022). Osmylids can be ound in
www.bio axa.o g/ ce. ISSN 0718-8994 (online) Re is a Chilena de En omología (2024) 50 (1): 41-50.
Es e es un a ículo de acceso abie o dis ibuido bajo los é minos de la licencia C ea i e Commons License (CC BY NC 4.0)
Recei ed 16 Janua y 2024 / Accep ed 15 Feb ua y 2024 / Published online 29 Feb ua y 2024
Responsible Edi o : José Mondaca E.
Rogé ia Inês Rosa La a1* , Nelson Wande ley Pe io o1 , Caleb Cali e Ma ins2
La a e al.: Osmylidae (Insec a: Neu op e a) om A lan ic ain o es in sou heas e n B azil.
42
humid habi a s close o aqua ic ecosys ems (e.g., Osmylinae and Kemypninae) o li ing in
lea li e and unde ba k (e.g., Eidopo isminae, Po isminae, and S enosmylinae) (New 1974;
Co e and Resh 2008; Win e on e al. 2010, 2019).
Osmylidae (Neu op e a), commonly known as lance lacewings, a e p esen in almos
all biogeog aphical egions, excep o he Nea c ic, whe e ossil eco ds indica e ha he
amily has ecen ly gone ex inc he e (Oswald 1994; Shepa d and Con e as-Ramos 2009;
A dila-Camacho and No iega 2014; Ma ins e al. 2016; Win e on and Wang 2016; Win e on
e al. 2019). Acco ding o Shepa d and Con e as-Ramos (2009), Osmylidae and o he aqua ic
Neu op e a ha e no economic impo ance, no e en as bioindica o s, ne e heless, his s ill
needs o be con i med wi h u he s udies. The unde s anding o he beha io and biology
o his g oup o insec s, including B azilian species, is s ill limi ed (A dila-Camacho and
No iega 2014; Xu e al. 2016; Machado and Ma ins 2022). La ae o some osmylids species
(e.g., Osmylinae and Kempyninae) ha e a semi-aqua ic beha io and eed on a wide a ie y
o so -bodied insec s, especially hose ha de elop in wa e bodies, such as he la ae o
Chi onomidae (Dip e a) (Tjede 1957; Shepa d and Con e as-Ramos 2009). Al hough
osmylids adul s p edominan ly ac as p eda o s, i has been epo ed he p esence o pollen,
ungal spo es, algae, and o he ege al ma e ial in he gu con en s o some species (De e ak
and Duelli 2007).
The e a e abou 280 desc ibed species o Osmylidae dis ibu ed in 25 li ing and 38
ex inc gene a (Win e on e al. 2019). Th ee o he eigh sub amilies o Osmylidae ha e
been epo ed in Sou h Ame ica: Gumillinae, Kempyninae and S enosmylinae (Oswald and
Machado 2018; Ma ins 2019). The ex an Neo opical auna o osmylids includes 26 species
in i e gene a, o which h ee species, Isos enosmylus ba ba us Ma ins, A dila-Camacho, Flin
& S ange, 2019 and I. pul e ulen us (Ge s aecke , 1894) (S enosmylinae) and Gumilla adspe sus
Na ás, 1912 (Gumillinae) a e known om B azil (Ma ins 2019; Ma ins e al. 2016, 2019;
Machado and Ma ins 2022), all o hem om he A lan ic ain o es biome in he Sou h and
Sou heas egions o he coun y (Machado and Ma ins 2022). As la ge e i o ial ex ensions
o he coun y emain li le explo ed, he auna o Osmylidae in many B azilian biomes is
ce ainly unde ep esen ed, o example, a new species o Isos enosmylus is being desc ibed
o no heas egion o he coun y by he hi d au ho .
Isos enosmylus K üge , 1913, he mos species ich genus among he neo opical Osmylidae,
has 18 desc ibed species ha a e dis ibu ed mainly in he Andean egion (Venezuela, Pe u,
Boli ia and A gen ina), Pa aguay, and in sou he n and sou heas e n egions o B azil (Ma ins
e al. 2016, 2019; A dila-Camacho e al. 2020).
Gumilla Na ás, 1912 includes wo species: G. adspe sus Na ás, 1912 om B azil and G.
longico nis (Walke , 1853) o an inde e mined locali y in no he n Sou h Ame ica (Ma ins e al.
2016). Gumilla is only one ex an genus o Gumillinae, an in e es ing sub amily o Osmylidae
cha ac e ized, among o he s, o p esen ing an ennae much longe han o ewings and wings
wi h ena ional peculia i ies (Menon and Maka kin 2008).
Osmylidae is a Neu op e a g oup ha dese es o be p ominen in u u e esea ch
because i is he leas di e se amily in B azil wi h eco ds o occu ence in only se en s a es,
all wi hin he A lan ic ain o es biome (Machado and Ma ins 2022, 2023).
The objec i e o his s udy was o analyze he di e si y and empo al a ia ion o
Osmylidae collec ed om i e A lan ic ain o es loca ions in he São Paulo s a e, B azil. New
eco ds o geog aphic dis ibu ion also we e added, images o he s udied species and a map
showing hei geog aphical dis ibu ion is p o ided.
Ma e ial and Me hods
The sampling p o ocol used o collec ing Osmylidae specimens om A lan ic ain o es
a eas in São Paulo s a e, B azil, which is now being s udied, is desc ibed by La a e al. (2022).
Re is a Chilena de En omología 50 (1) 2024
43
The abb e ia ions used o e e o he loca ions a e: PESM/NSV = Pa que Es adual da Se a
do Ma / Núcleo San a Vi gínia; PESM/NP = Pa que Es adual da Se a do Ma / Núcleo
Picinguaba; PEI = Pa que Es adual In e ales; PEMD = Pa que Es adual Mo o do Diabo;
EEJI = Es ação Ecológica Ju éia-I a ins.
Addi ionally, a specimen o G. adspe sus was s udied based on a eco d om he ci izen
science websi e iNa u alis ; he images we e aken by Roge io Dias in May 2018, in he ci y
o Rio de Janei o (22°57’13.4”S; 43°17’42.7”W), Rio de Janei o s a e, B azil (h ps://www.
ina u alis .o g/people/ oge iodias).
The specimens we e iden i ied by he hi d au ho dissec ing he las abdominal segmen s,
which we e clea ed ollowing he s anda d p ocedu e wi h 10% po assium hyd oxide (KOH)
solu ion, washed wi h dis illed wa e , 10% ace ic acid, and 70% e hyl alcohol; s o ed in
mic o ials wi h glyce in and s o ed oge he wi h he espec i e specimen. The specimen
o G. adspe sus eco ded in he iNa u alis was iden i ied by he hi d au ho compa ing i s
ex e nal mo phology wi h he holo ype o he species.
Specimens we e examined unde a Leica MZ9.5 s e eomic oscope and a Leica DM500
op ical mic oscope. Imaging and measu emen s o specimens was pe o med wi h a Leica
DFC295 digi al came a a ached o a Leica M205C APO wi h a Leica LED5000 HDI high
di use dome illumina ion sys em, as well as wi h a Leica DFC295 digi al came a a ached
o a Leica DM500 op ical mic oscope, using he Leica Applica ion Sui e (LAS e sion 4.12.0).
Images we e s acked using Helicon Focus ( e sion 5.3) and pla es p epa ed using Adobe
Pho oshop ( e sion 11.0).
Species dis ibu ions we e compiled in a da ase and inco po a ed in o dis ibu ion
maps. Geog aphic coo dina es o he species eco ds, i no p esen in labels, we e aken
om Google Ea h so wa e (h ps://www.google.com/ea h/), and he map was gene a ed
using SimpleMapp (Sho house 2010).
The specimens s udied om PESM/NSV, PESM/NP, PEI; PEMD and EEJI ( ouche
specimens LRRP LOTE #29) we e deposi ed a Coleção En omológica do Labo a ó io de
Sis emá ica e Bioecologia de P edado es e Pa asi oides o he Ins i u o Biológico (LRRP),
Ribei ão P e o, SP, B azil (N.W. Pe io o, cu a o ).
Resul s and Discussion
A o al o 76 adul s o lance lacewings we e ob ained in his s udy (Tab. 1), among which
73 specimens o I. pul e ulen us (Ge s aecke , 1894) (96.1% o he o al collec ed) (Fig. 1A), one
o Isos enosmylus sp. (1.3%) which is p obably a new species, and wo o G. adspe sus Na ás,
1912 (2.6%) (Fig. 1B).
The osmylids we e mo e equen ly obse ed in he PESM/NSV (59.2% o he o al
collec ed), PEI (30.3%), and PEMD (7.9%), inland collec ion si es in he s a e o São Paulo,
wi h al i udes o 1,030 m, 880 m and 350 m abo e sea le el (asl), espec i ely. Only 2.6% o
he Osmylidae ob ained we e sampled a EEJI (16 m asl) and no specimens we e collec ed a
PESM/NP (215 m asl), a eas loca ed nea he ma ine coas (Tab. 1, Fig. 2).
Isos enosmylus pul e ulen us, he mos abundan species cap u ed, was eco ded a PESM/
NSV, PEMD and PEI, wi h highes abundances eco ded in la e summe and ea ly au umn
(57.5% o he o al collec ed) and mid-sp ing (20.6% o he o al collec ed). In his s udy, he
p esence o I. pul e ulen us was es ic ed o en i onmen s wi h al i udes be ween 350 and
1,030 m asl. The geog aphical dis ibu ion o I. pul e ulen us is limi ed o highe a eas in he
Sou h and Sou heas o B azil and Pa aguay (Ma ins e al. 2019; Machado and Ma ins 2022).
In B azil, his species has been eco ded in A lan ic ain o es a eas in he s a es o Minas
Ge ais, Espí i o San o, Rio de Janei o, São Paulo, Pa aná, San a Ca a ina and Rio G ande
do Sul, a al i udes anging om 867 o 2,172 m asl. (Ma ins e al. 2016, 2018, 2019; Schus e
and Machado 2021; Machado and Ma ins 2023). The esul s o his s udy a e in acco dance
La a e al.: Osmylidae (Insec a: Neu op e a) om A lan ic ain o es in sou heas e n B azil.
44
wi h hose o he au ho s men ioned be o e, as he highes incidence o I. pul e ulen us was
obse ed in a eas wi h an al i ude ange be ween 880 o 1,030 m asl. The da a ob ained
allowed o expand he knowledge abou he empo al a ia ion o his species, which was
cap u ed mainly be ween No embe and May, he ho es and we es mon hs o he yea .
Figu e 1. Do sal habi us o he s udied Osmylidae (Neu op e a) species. A. Isos enosmylus pul e ulen us
(Ge s aecke , 1894). B. Gumilla adspe sus Na ás, 1912. / Figu a 1. Habi o do sal de las especies de
Osmylidae (Neu op e a) es udiadas. A. Isos enosmylus pul e ulen us (Ge s aecke , 1894). B. Gumilla
adspe sus Na ás, 1912.
Re is a Chilena de En omología 50 (1) 2024
45
Table 1. Mon hly abundance o he Osmylidae (Neu op e a) collec ed wi h Malaise aps in i e a eas
o A lan ic ain o es a São Paulo S a e, B azil, be ween Oc obe 2009 and Decembe 2011. / Table 1.
Abundancia mensual de Osmylidae (Neu op e a) ecolec ada con ampas Malaise en cinco á eas de
la sel a a lán ica en el es ado de São Paulo, B asil, en e oc ub e de 2009 y diciemb e de 2011.
Mon h-
yea
PESM/NSV PEI PEMD EEJI PESM/NP To al
I. pul e ulen us Isos enosmylus sp. I. pul e ulen us I. pul e ulen us G. adspe sus Osmylidae
Oc -09 - - 2 - 0 - 2
No -09 14 0 0 0 0 0 14
Dec-09 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Jan-10 4 0 0 0 0 0 4
Feb-10 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
Ma -10 9 0 5 0 0 0 14
Ap -10 6 0 8 2 0 0 16
May-10 0 0 5 4 0 0 9
Jun-10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jul-10 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Aug-10 1 0 0 0 2 0 3
Sep-10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oc -10 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
No -10 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Dec-10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jan-11 0 0 1 0 0 - 1
Feb-11 0 0 0 0 0 - 0
Ma -11 0 0 1 - 0 - 1
Ap -11 2 0 - - - - 2
May-11 0 0 - - - - 0
Jun-11 0 0 - - - - 0
Jul-11 0 0 - - - - 0
Aug-11 0 0 - - - - 0
Sep-11 0 0 - - - - 0
Oc -11 2 0 - - - - 2
No -11 0 0 - - - - 0
Dec-11 2 0 - - - - 2
To al 44 1 23 6 2 0 76
% 57.9 1.3 30.3 7.9 2.6 0 100.0
- = un ealized sample.
PESM/NSV = Pa que Es adual da Se a do Ma / Núcleo San a Vi gínia; PESM/NP = Pa que
Es adual da Se a do Ma / Núcleo Picinguaba; PEI = Pa que Es adual In e ales; PEMD = Pa que
Es adual Mo o do Diabo; EEJI = Es ação Ecológica Ju éia-I a ins.
La a e al.: Osmylidae (Insec a: Neu op e a) om A lan ic ain o es in sou heas e n B azil.
46
A single specimen o Isos enosmylus sp. was cap u ed a PESM/NSV (1,030 m asl), in
July, win e in he Sou he n hemisphe e.
The wo specimens o G. adspe sus s udied we e caugh in a eas o A lan ic ain o es
loca ed close o he ma ine coas : a specimen a he EEJI (16 m asl) in mid-win e and
ano he om he egis e o Rogé io Dias on he iNa u alis websi e (Fig. 3A) o Rio de
Janei o (~550 m asl) in la e au umn. Up o da e, he geog aphical dis ibu ion o his species
was limi ed o i s ype locali y, he municipali y o Blumenau (21 m asl), in he s a e o
San a Ca a ina, B azil. Abou 110 yea s a e i s desc ip ion by Na ás (1912), hese new
eco ds ex end he geog aphical dis ibu ion o G. adspe sus o he municipali y o Iguape
(s a e o São Paulo) and Rio de Janei o (s a e o Rio de Janei o), abou 300 and 720 km o
he no heas o he ype locali y, espec i ely (Fig. 3B). Based on he wo eco ds om São
Paulo and Rio de Janei o s a es, i can be in e ed ha his species is p obably dis ibu ed
in low al i ude a eas o he A lan ic ain o es .
This is he second long- e m s udy in B azil ha in es iga es he auna o Osmylidae
in A lan ic ain o es a eas. Schus e and Machado (2021), in hei s udy on Neu op e a
auna in A lan ic ain o es a eas in he s a e o Pa aná, ound only ou specimens o I.
pul e ulen us. The use o di e en cap u e me hods, such as Malaise aps in his s udy and
ligh aps in Schus e and Machado (2021), was one o he ac o s ha ce ainly con ibu ed
o he la ge di e ence in he amoun o Osmylidae cap u ed in he wo s udies. Di e en
au ho s (Szen ki ályi 1992, 1997; Áb ahám e al. 2003; La a e al. 2008; Oli ei a e al. 2013;
Ma ins e al. 2019; Sa mien o-Co de o e al. 2021) s udied Neu op e a sampling and
concluded ha , o ce ain g oups, i is necessa y o combine g ea e and longe sampling
e o s wi h he use o di e en ypes o aps. Despi e he di icul y in quan i ying i s
impo ance, he clima e o he s udied loca ions should also be aken in o accoun when
dealing wi h he di e ence in he amoun o osmylids cap u ed in hese wo s udies. In he
locali ies s udied by Schus e and Machado (2021) in he s a e o Pa aná p edomina e he
Figu e 2. Popula ion luc ua ion o Osmylidae (Neu op e a) collec ed wi h Malaise aps in i e a eas
o A lan ic ain o es o São Paulo s a e, B azil, be ween Oc obe 2009 and Decembe 2011. / Figu a 2.
Fluc uación poblacional de Osmylidae (Neu op e a) ecolec ada con ampas Malaise en cinco á eas
de la sel a a lán ica del es ado de São Paulo, B asil, en e oc ub e de 2009 y diciemb e de 2011. EEJI
= Es ação Ecológica Ju éia-I a ins, PEI = Pa que Es adual In e ales, PEMD = Pa que Es adual Mo o
do Diabo and PESM/NSV = Pa que Es adual da Se a do Ma - Núcleo San a Vi gínia.
Re is a Chilena de En omología 50 (1) 2024
47
clima ic ypes C a ( empe a e clima e, no d y season and ho summe ) and C b ( empe a e
clima e, no d y season and cold summe ) while in he locali ies sampled in he p esen
s udy p edomina e he ypes A ( opical equa o ial), Am ( opical Monsoon) and C a,
especially in he São Paulo s a e (Clima e-Da a.O g. 2023). Thus, he esul s ob ained he e
a e ha dly compa ed due o me hodological di e ences.
Gaps in knowledge abou he bioecology o osmylids can be a ibu ed o he lack o
s udies on hei di e si y, abundance and seasonali y. Long- e m in es iga ions, using
di e en ypes o aps in di e en biomes can con ibu e o a be e unde s anding o
hei bioecology and dis ibu ion. The new eco d o G. adspe sus o Rio de Janei o s a e
based on iNa u alis , is ye ano he example o he impo ance o ci izen science o
unde s anding B azilian biodi e si y, e en a e species as in his case.
Figu e 3. A. Gumilla adspe sus Na ás, 1912 (Neu op e a, Osmylidae), habi us do sal (pho o by Rogé io
Dias on he iNa u alis websi e). B. Dis ibu ion map o Isos enosmylus pul e ulen us (Ge s aecke ,
1894) and Gumilla adspe sus Na ás, 1912. (Neu op e a: Osmylidae) and hei occu ence eco ds o
Sou h Ame ica. / Figu a 3. A. Gumilla adspe sus Na ás, 1912 (Neu op e a, Osmylidae), habi us do sal
( o o de Rogé io Días en el si io iNa u alis ). B. Mapa de dis ibución de Isos enosmylus pul e ulen us
(Ge s aecke , 1894) y Gumilla adspe sus Na ás, 1912 (Neu op e a: Osmylidae) y sus egis os de
p esencia en Sudamé ica.
Acknowledgmen s
The au ho s hank he Ins i u o Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Hymenop e a
Pa asi oides (CNPq n°465562/2014-0 / Fapesp n°2008/57949-4 / Capes), as well as Roge
Dias o p o iding he pic u e o Gumilla adspe sus egis e ed o Rio de Janei o s a e. CCM
is g a e ul o he FAPEMA/SECTI o he Ma anhão s a e go e nmen o he isi ing
p o esso / esea ch g an (BPV-06012/21).
La a e al.: Osmylidae (Insec a: Neu op e a) om A lan ic ain o es in sou heas e n B azil.
48
Au ho Con ibu ions
RIRL: Concep ualiza ion, w i ing, edi ion, and e ision o he inal manusc ip . NWP:
W i ing, p epa a ion o dis ibu ion maps, edi ion, and e ision o he inal manusc ip .
CCM: Iden i ica ion o specimens, w i ing, edi ion, and e ision o he inal manusc ip .
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