Synopsis of the ant genus Myrmecina Curtis, 1829 from China (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae), with description of eleven new species

Synopsis o he an genus My mecina Cu is, 1829 om China
(Hymenop e a, Fo micidae, My micinae), wi h desc ip ion o ele en
new species
Zhuojian Gu1,2, Chen Zhang1,2, Congcong Du1,2, Zhilin Chen1,2
1 Key Labo a o y o Ecology o Ra e and Endange ed Species and En i onmen al P o ec ion (Guangxi No mal Uni e si y), Minis y o
Educa ion, Guilin 541004, China
2 Guangxi Key Labo a o y o Ra e and Endange ed Animal Ecology, Guangxi No mal Uni e si y, Guilin 541004, China
h ps://zoobank.o g/5402C325-8635-40B9-88BB-38E68296253B
Co esponding au ho : Zhilin Chen ([email p o ec ed])
Academic edi o : D. Zimme mann ♦
Recei ed
19 June 2025 ♦
Accep ed
29 Oc obe 2025 ♦
Published
20 No embe 2025
Abs ac
The an genus My mecina Cu is, 1829 is a mo phologically di e se g oup wi h a dis ibu ion spanning he Hola c ic, Sou heas Asia, and
no heas e n Aus alia, and comp ising 106 desc ibed species wo ldwide. China ep esen s a biodi e si y ho spo o his genus, ye only
17 species we e p e iously ecognized. He e, we p esen a comp ehensi e mo phological analysis o Chinese specimens, ecognizing 28
alid species, including 11 new o science: My mecina ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp. no ., M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no ., M. glo-
bicephala Gu & Chen, sp. no ., M. hi su a Gu & Chen, sp. no ., M. jiachengi Gu & Chen, sp. no ., M. lae ido sa Gu & Chen, sp. no .,
M. planiclypea Gu & Chen, sp. no ., M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no ., M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no ., M. shixui Gu & Chen,
sp. no . and M. subuncina a Gu & Chen, sp. no . In addi ion, we p o ide an upda ed illus a ed key o all Chinese My mecina species.
Key Wo ds
China, C ema ogas ini, new species, axonomy
In oduc ion
The an genus My mecina Cu is, 1829 (Hymenop e a,
Fo micidae, My micinae) ep esen s a mo phologi-
cally dis inc i e g oup cha ac e ized by a cylind ical
pe iole lacking a do sal node and pai ed longi udinal
ca inae on he en ola e al ma gins o he head. Eco-
logically, My mecina an s specialized on p eda ion o
o iba id mi es (Masuko 1994; Bol on 2003). Wi h a
dis ibu ion spanning he Hola c ic, Sou heas Asia,
and no heas e n Aus alia, he genus cu en ly com-
p ises 106 alid species (Bol on 2025), exhibi ing pa -
icula ly high di e si y in sub opical and empe a e
egions. A landma k e ision by Okido e al. (2020)
d ama ically expanded he known di e si y in Sou h-
eas Asia, desc ibing 40 new species and highligh ing
he a ea as a global ho spo o My mecina adia ion.
China’s unique posi ion a he in e ace o he Palea c-
ic and O ien al biogeog aphic ealms yielded a ema k-
ably di e se My mecina auna. Ea ly axonomic eco ds
(Fo el 1912; Wheele 1921) documen ed only sca e ed
occu ences, while subsequen s udies by Zhou (2001),
Huang e al. (2008), and Zhou e al. (2008) expanded he
known di e si y o nine species. P e ious s udies on My -
mecina axonomy ha e aced a majo limi a ion — geo-
g aphically es ic ed sampling. These cons ain s ha e
led o pe sis en axonomic ambigui ies and an unde es-
ima ion o endemic di e si y in his genus. Howe e , e-
cen in ensi e sampling campaigns ac oss sou he n China
(pa icula ly in Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guangxi, and Hainan)
ha e e ealed a signi ican undocumen ed di e si y, wi h
mul iple pu a i e new axa awai ing desc ip ion. A no a-
ble example is he wo k o Liu e al. (2022), who no only
epo ed he i s Chinese eco d o M. a iwonghei, bu
D sch. En omol. Z. 72 (2) 2025, 395–448|DOI 10.3897/dez.72.162491
Copy igh Zhuojian Gu e al. This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License (CC BY 4.0), which pe mi s un es ic ed use,
dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho and sou ce a e c edi ed.
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Zhuojian Gu e al.: My mecina o Fo micidae in China: axonomy & 11 new species
396
also desc ibed h ee new species (M. eowilsoni, M. gaoli-
gongensis, M. pie ceae) om Yunnan, b inging he o al
numbe o ecognized Chinese species om hi een o
se en een. These disco e ies p o ide compelling e i-
dence ha he cu en axonomic amewo k o Chinese
My mecina equi es u gen and comp ehensi e e ision.
P io esea ch on Chinese My mecina has e ealed
no able pa e ns o egional endemism and dis inc i e
mo phological adap a ions, including educed an en-
nal segmen coun s (Huang e al. 2008), specialized
p opodeal spine mo phology (Zhou e al. 2008), and
speci ic mic ohabi a p e e ences (Okido e al. 2020).
C i ical axonomic unce ain ies pe sis despi e hese
ad ances, including ques ionable synonymies, wide-
sp ead misiden i ica ions in museum collec ions, and
incomple e species desc ip ions. Fo example, M. sin-
ensis Wheele was jus i iably ele a ed o species s a us
based on diagnos ic clypeal and sculp u al cha ac e s
(Zhou e al. 2008), while M. guangxiensis Zhou, 2001
was subsequen ly placed wi hin a monophyle ic g oup
cha ac e ized by a unique sha p idge o he shield
wall on he la e al po ion o he clypeus in on o
he an ennal inse ions, which is simila as in M. ie i
Okido e al., 2020.
This s udy p o ides a comp ehensi e e iew o hese
axonomic challenges h ough a sys ema ic examina ion
o bo h his o ical and newly collec ed Chinese My me-
cina specimens. By employing de ailed mo phome ic
analyses, we: (1) e ise he axonomic s a us o all Chi-
nese congene s, (2) desc ibe ele en new species, and (3)
p esen an illus a ed iden i ica ion key o Chinese auna.
Ou esul s p o ide a ounda ion o u u e phylogene ic
and ecological in es iga ions in China.
Ma e ials and me hods
The an specimens examined in his s udy, including ype
specimens, a e deposi ed in he ollowing eposi o ies: (1)
GXNU (Insec Collec ion, Guangxi No mal Uni e si y,
Guilin, China); and (2) IZCAS (Ins i u e o Zoology, Chi-
nese Academy o Sciences, Beijing, China). Mo phome -
ic measu emen s o he 11 newly disco e ed My mecina
species we e ob ained using he KEYENCE VHX-6000
3D digi al mic oscope. Mo phological line d awings
we e p oduced using P oc ea e so wa e ( e sion 5.3.15,
Sa age In e ac i e P y L d, Tasmania, Aus alia). Mo -
phology and e minology ollow he s anda ds o Bol on
(1975). All measu emen s we e eco ded in millime e s
and ounded o wo decimal places.
HL Head Leng h. The maximum dis ance om he an-
e io -mos poin o he clypeal ma gin o he mid-
poin o a line d awn ac oss he pos e io ma gin
o he head.
HW Head Wid h. The maximum wid h o head in ull-
ace iew, excluding he eyes.
CI Cephalic Index. Calcula ed as: (HW/HL) × 100.
SL Scape Leng h. Excluding he basal adicle.
SI Scape Index. Calcula ed as: (SL/HW) × 100.
ED Eye Diame e . The maximum diame e o eye
measu ed in la e al iew.
MSL Mesosomal leng h. Webe ’s leng h measu ed om
he an e io -mos poin o he p ono al colla o he
pos e io -mos poin o he p opodeal p ocess.
PW P ono al Wid h. The maximum wid h o meso-
soma measu ed in do sal iew.
PL Pe iole Leng h. The maximum diagonal leng h o
pe iole, measu ed in la e al iew, om mos an-
e o en al poin o he peduncle, a o below he
p opodeal lobe, o he mos pos e odo sal poin a
he junc ion wi h he helical e gi e.
PH Pe iole Heigh . The maximum heigh o pe iole,
measu ed in la e al iew om he highes poin o
he node o he en al ou line o he node.
DPW Pe iole Wid h. The maximum wid h o he pe iole
in do sal iew.
LPI Pe iole leng h index. Being use o compa e he
pe iola leng h- o-wid h a io, calcula ed as: (PH/
PL) × 100. I assesses he leng h- o-heigh a io o
he pe iole, e lec ing i s ela i e heigh .
DPI Do sal pe iole index. De ined as he a io o pe -
iole leng h (PL) o do sal pe iole wid h (DPW),
calcula ed as: (DPW/PL) × 100. I quan i ies he
leng h- o-wid h a io o he pe iole, indica ing i s
ela i e wid h.
PPL Pos pe iole leng h. The maximum diagonal leng h
o pos pe iole, measu ed in la e al iew, om he
pos e io ma gin o he pe iola –pos pe iola a ic-
ula ion o he an e io ma gin o he pos pe iole–
gas e a icula ion.
GL Gas al leng h. The maximum leng h o he gas al
in la e al iew.
TL To al Leng h. The maximum leng h o specimen
measu ed om he ip o he mandibles o he ip
o he abdominal segmen VII, excluding he s ing.
Due o he posi ion o he specimen, o al leng h was
measu ed as he sum o head leng h + mesosomal
leng h, pe iole and pos pe iole leng h + gas e leng h.
Resul s
My mecina Cu is, 1829
My mecina Cu is, 1829: 265. Type-species: My mecina la eillii (ju-
nio synonym o Fo mica g aminicola), by mono ypy.
A chaeomy mex Mann, 1921: 448. Synonymized by B own 1971: 1.
Wo ke mo phology. (1) Monomo phic; small body
size; (2) head ec angula , pos e io cephalic ca ina
dis inc , ex ending o he lowe pa o he pos e io
cephalic ma gin and g adually expanding o he an e i-
o la e al sides o he en al head; (3) mandibles sub-
iangula , apical and subapical ee h well de eloped,
emaining ee h usually educe o indis inc ; (4) palpal
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o mula ypically 4, 3 o 3, 2; (5) clypeus wi h pos e io
po ion inse ed be ween on al lobes; an e io ma gin
ema gina e, wi h wo la e al co ne s, usually bea ing a
small median den icle; (6) on al lobes co e ing he
an ennal ossae; (7) an ennae 11–12 segmen s, wi h
a dis inc 3-segmen ed club; (8) eyes small o medi-
um-sized, ocelli absen ; (9) p omesono al su u e and
me ano al g oo e absen , p omesono al do sum weakly
con ex; (10) p opodeum a med wi h dis inc spines o
ee h; (11) pe iole wi hou an e io peduncle, do sal su -
ace usually wi h a median den icula p ojec ion.
This s udy documen s he ollowing 28 species in Chi-
na, including 11 new species, as lis ed below:
M. asia ica Okido, Oga a & Hosoishi, 2020 Yunnan;
THAILAND, MALAYSIA, INDONESIA.
M. as hena Okido, Oga a & Hosoishi, 2020 Yunnan;
VIETNAM, MALAYSIA.
M. ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp. no . Xizang.
M. cu ispina Zhou, Huang & Ma, 2008 Guangxi.
M. eowilsoni Liu, 2022 Yunnan.
M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no . Guangxi, Guangdong.
M. gaoligongensis Liu, 2022 Yunnan.
M. globicephala Gu & Chen, sp. no . Guangxi.
M. g aminicola (La eille, 1802) Guangxi, Guangdong,
Zhejiang; UK, DENMARK, GERMANY, RUSSIA.
M. guangxiensis Zhou, 2001 Guangxi, Hunan, Yun-
nan; VIETNAM.
M. hamula Zhou, Huang & Ma, 2008 Guangxi,
Shaanxi.
M. hi su a Gu & Chen, sp. no . Zhejiang.
M. jiachengi Gu & Chen, sp. no . Shaanxi.
M. kaigong Te ayama, 2009 Taiwan.
M. lae ido sa Gu & Chen, sp. no . Guangxi.
M. pauca Huang, Huang & Zhou, 2008 Guangxi, Hunan.
M. pie ceae Liu, 2022 Yunnan.
M. planiclypea Gu & Chen, sp. no . Guangxi.
M. a iwonghei Jai ong, Samung, Waengso ho n &
Okido, 2019 Yunnan; THAILAND.
M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no . Chongqing.
M. sau e i Fo el, 1912 Guangxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang,
Taiwan.
M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no . Hainan.
M. shixui Gu & Chen, sp. no . Yunnan.
M. sinensis Wheele , 1921 Guangxi, Yunan, Zhejiang,
Liaoning.
M. s ia a Eme y, 1889 Jiangsu (dubious), Sichuan
(dubious), Yunnan (dubious); INDIA, MYAN-
MAR, SRI LANKA.
M. s igis Lin &Wu, 1998 Taiwan.
M. subuncina a Gu & Chen, sp. no . Hainan.
M. aiwana Te ayama, 1985 Guangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan.
Key o Chinese My mecina species based on he wo ke cas e
1 An enna wi h 11 segmen s (Fig. 1A) ............................................................................................................... M. pauca
– An enna wi h 12 segmen s (Fig. 1B) .......................................................................................................................... 2
Figu e 1. An ennal segmen s. A. M. pauca; B. M. sinensis.
2 In ull- ace iew, occipi al ma gin con ex (Fig. 2A) ...................................................M. globicephala Gu & Chen, sp. no .
– In ull- ace iew, occipi al ma gin s aigh o conca e (Fig. 2B) ................................................................................... 3
3 La e al po ion o clypeus aised in o sha p idge, connec ed wi h he on idge o he an ennal o ulus (Fig. 3A) ..... 4
– La e al po ion o clypeus aised in o sha p idge, bu no connec ed wi h he on idge o he an ennal o ulus
(Fig. 3B).................................................................................................................................................................. 13
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Figu e 4. An ennal scapes. A. M. shixui Gu & Chen, sp. no .; B. M. jiachengi Gu & Chen, sp. no .
Figu e 3. Clypeus and an ennal o ulus. A. M. eowilsoni; B. M. hi su a Gu & Chen, sp. no .
Figu e 2. Head in ull- ace iew. A. M. globicephala Gu & Chen, sp. no .; B. M. ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp. no .
4 Scapes wi h dense s iae, appea ing dull (Fig. 4A) ..................................................................................................... 5
– Scapes smoo h o wi h ewe s iae, appea ing shining (Fig. 4B) ................................................................................ 6
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5 In ull- ace iew, head wi h i egula wa ed longi udinal s iae (Fig. 5A); mesosomal do sum wi h wa ed longi udinal
ugae and ans e se ugae (Fig. 5C) .............................................................................. M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no .
– In ull- ace iew, head wi h egula s aigh longi udinal s iae (Fig. 5B); mesosomal do sum wi h egula o undula e
longi udinal s aigh s iae (Fig. 5D) ................................................................................. M. shixui Gu & Chen, sp. no .
Figu e 6. Pos pe iole in do sal iew. A. M. eowilsoni; B. M. sinensis.
Figu e 5. Head in ull- ace iew and mesosoma in do sal iew. A, C. M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no .; B, D. M. shixui Gu & Chen,
sp. no .
6 In do sal iew, pos pe iole wi h an e io po ion dis inc ly wide han pos e io po ion (Fig. 6A) ..................M. eowilsoni
– In do sal iew, pos pe iole wi h an e io po ion nea ly as wide as pos e io po ion (Fig. 6B) ..................................... 7
7 Mesosomal do sum smoo h and shining (Fig. 7A) ....................................................... M. lae ido sa Gu & Chen, sp. no .
– Mesosomal do sum wi h many o dense s iae o ugae (Fig. 7B) ............................................................................... 8

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8 Gas al e gi e I wi h weak e icula ions (Fig. 8A)............................................................................................ M. sau e i
– Gas al e gi e I smoo h and shining (Fig. 8B) ............................................................................................................ 9
Figu e 7. Mesosoma in do sal iew. A. M. lae ido sa Gu & Chen, sp. no .; B. M. sinensis.
Figu e 8. Gas e in do sal iew. A. M. sau e i; B. M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no .
Figu e 9. Mesosoma in do sal iew. A. M. planiclypea Gu & Chen, sp. no .; B. M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no .
9 Mesosomal do sum wi h i egula wa ed longi udinal ugae (Fig. 9A) ....................................................................... 10
– Mesosomal do sum wi h egula s aigh longi udinal s iae (Fig. 9B) ....................................................................... 11
10 In ull- ace iew, an e io clypeal ma gin conca e, a med wi h a median den icle (Fig. 10A); an e odo sal pos pe iola
su ace wi hou sculp u e, smoo h (Fig. 10C) ........................................................................................ M. guangxiensis
– In ull- ace iew, an e io clypeal ma gin s aigh , wi hou a median den icle (Fig. 10B); an e odo sal pos pe iola su ace
wi h ugae (Fig. 10D) ................................................................................................ M. planiclypea Gu & Chen, sp. no .
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11 Mesosomal do sum wi h e en longi udinal s iae, he s iae a he hick and s aigh (Fig. 11A) ....................M. kaigong
– Mesosomal do sum wi h 1–3 p ima y deepe longi udinal s iae ma kedly deepe and mo e dis inc han o he s iae
(Fig. 11B)................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Figu e 10. An e io clypeal ma gin in ull- ace iew and pos pe iola do sum. A, C. M. guangxiensis; B, D. M. planiclypea Gu &
Chen, sp. no .
Figu e 11. Mesosoma in do sal iew. A. M. kaigong; B. M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no .
12 In ull- ace iew, head wi h egula s aigh longi udinal s iae, an e io ma gin o clypeus wi h a median den icle
(Fig. 12A); p opodeal spi acle la ge, i s diame e app oxima ely equal o he dis ance be ween i and he p opodeal
decli i y (Fig. 12C); in la e al iew, p opodeal spine ela i ely sho , leng h app oxima ely equal basal wid h, apex acu e
and di ec ed pos e odo sally (Fig. 12C) ........................................................................M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no .
– In ull- ace iew, head wi h i egula wa ed ugae, an e io ma gin o clypeus lacking a median den icle (Fig. 12B);
p opodeal spi acle small, i s diame e less han hal o he dis ance be ween i and he p opodeal decli i y (Fig. 12D);
in la e al iew, p opodeal spine ela i ely long, leng h > 1.5 imes basal wid h, apex up u ned (Fig. 12D) ......M. aiwana
13 Mesosomal do sum wi h i egula wa ed ugae (Fig. 13A) ..................................... M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no .
– Mesosomal do sum wi h egula s aigh longi udinal s iae (Fig. 13B) ..................................................................... 14
14 In do sal iew, p opodeal spines long, mo e han 3 imes as long as hei basal wid h (Fig. 14A) .............................. 15
– In do sal iew, p opodeal spines sho , less han 1.5 imes as long as hei basal wid h (Fig. 14B) ........................... 20
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15 In ull- ace iew, head wi h dense g anula e (Fig. 15A) ...................................................................................M. as hena
– In ull- ace iew, head wi h deeply imp essed longi udinal s iae and spa se ugae (Fig. 15B) ................................... 16
Figu e 12. Head in ull- ace iew and mesosoma in la e al iew. A, C. M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no .; B, D. M. aiwana.
Figu e 14. Mesosoma in do sal iew. A. M. ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp. no .; B. M. sinensis.
Figu e 13. Mesosoma in do sal iew. A. M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no .; B. M. a iwonghei.
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16 P opodeal spines poin backwa d and s aigh in la e al iew (Fig. 16A) ................................................................... 17
– P opodeal spines poin backwa d and apex sligh ly up u ned in la e al iew (Fig. 16B) ............................................. 18
Figu e 17. Head in la e al iew and gas e in do sal iew. A, C. M. cu ispina; B, D. M. ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp. no .
Figu e 16. Mesosoma in la e al iew. A. M. ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp. no .; B. M. a iwonghei.
Figu e 15. Head in ull- ace iew. A. M. as hena; B. M. a iwonghei.
17 Ven ola e al po ion o head smoo h and shining (Fig. 16A); gas al e gi e I smoo h and shining (Fig. 17C) ................
................................................................................................................................................................ M. cu ispina
– Ven ola e al po ion o head wi h dis inc coa se longi udinal ca inae (Fig. 16B); gas al e gi e I sligh ly mic o e icula e
(Fig. 17D) ............................................................................................................ M. ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp. no .
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Figu e 30. My mecina ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp. no . A. P opodeal spines in do sal iew; B. Head in ull- ace iew; C. Body
in do sal iew; D. Body in la e al iew.
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) Coa se longi udinal ca-
inae on he la e o en al su ace o head; (2) gas al
e gi e I wi h e y ine e icula ion ( isible a 50 ×
magni ica ion); (3) p opodeal spines needle-like,
weakly downcu ed, app oxima ely 1.5 imes longe
han hei basal wid h; (4) eyes medium-sized, com-
posed o 10–12 omma idia; (5) body uni o mly black,
wi h yellowish-b own appendages and gas al apex;

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(6) mesosomal do sum wi h abundan longi udinal ca-
inae, mo e ugose han in ela ed species.
No es. M. ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp. no . is cha ac-
e ized by i s coa sely ca ina e la e o en al su ace o head
and inely e icula ed gas e , key diagnos ic ea u es dis in-
guishing i om closely ela ed axa. I mos closely esem-
bles M. cu ispina bu can be sepa a ed by he ollowing
combina ion o cha ac e s: (1) M. ca inola e alis Gu &
Chen, sp. no . possesses coa se longi udinal ca inae on he
la e o en al po ion and ugose do sal ca inae, con as -
ing wi h M. cu ispina’s comple ely smoo h la e o en al
su ace and uni o mly s ia e do sum; (2) he gas e o M.
ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp. no . exhibi s e y ine e-
icula ions ( isible a 50 × magni ica ion), while ha o M.
cu ispina is en i ely smoo h; (3) P opodeal spines in M.
ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp. no . a e needle-like, weak-
ly downcu ed, app oxima ely 1.5 imes longe han hei
basal wid h, whe eas in M. cu ispina a e b oadly ian-
gula , s ongly ou cu ed, and app oxima ely equal leng h
and wid h; (4) eyes in M. ca inola e alis Gu & Chen, sp.
no . a e medium-sized (10–12 omma idia), compa ed o e-
duced eyes (< 10 omma idia) o M. cu ispina. These con-
sis en mo phological di e ences sepa a e he wo species.
Wo ke measu emen s. (N = 4). HL 0.58–0.63, HW
0.56–0.60, CI 95–97, SL 0.44–0.46, SI 77–79, ED 0.06–
0.07, MSL 0.66–0.70, PW 0.41–0.44, PL 0.16–0.18, PH
0.17–0.19, DPW 0.17–0.19, LPI 105–106, DPI 100–101,
GL 0.71–0.79, TL 2.69–2.75.
Wo ke desc ip ion. Head. In ull- ace iew, head
subquad a e, wi h weakly con ex la e al ma gins and
medially a shallow conca e pos e io ma gin. Man-
dibles wi h 7 ee h: apical wo obus , ee h 3–6 small
and indis inc , basal oo h smalle han apical oo h bu
mo e dis inc han in e media e ee h; mas ica o y ma -
gin app oxima ely equal in leng h o inne ma gin. Cly-
peus wi h nea ly s aigh an e io ma gin, dis inc la e al
co ne s, and a p ominen median den icle. F on al lobes
b oad and la e ally expanded. An ennae 12-segmen ed,
scapes ex ending pos e io ly o each pos e ola e al co -
ne s o head. Eyes medium-sized, composed o 10–12
omma idia. Mesosoma. In la e al iew, do sal ou line
e enly con ex; eume ano al spines (sensu Okido e al.
2020) blun , no in e up ing do sal p o ile. P opodeal
spines obus and elonga e, app oxima ely 1.5 imes
longe han hei basal wid h, weakly downcu ed and
di ec ed pos e io ly. P opodeal spi acle small, diame e
abou one- hi d i s dis ance o p opodeal decli i y. In
do sal iew, an e io ma gin o mesosoma e enly con-
ex, wi h dis inc hume al co ne s; la e al ma gins g ad-
ually con e ging pos e io ly owa d bases o p opodeal
spines. P opodeal spines needle-like, weakly cu ed,
di ec ed pos e ola e ally. Me asoma. In la e al iew,
pe iole sligh ly highe han long, wi h iangula do sal
p ojec ion; en al ma gin s aigh . Pos pe iole do sally
weakly conca e, wi h dis inc an e odo sal co ne ; gas-
e o oid. In do sal iew, pe iole wi h conca e an e io
ma gin and s aigh la e al and pos e io ma gins; pos -
pe iole wi h dis inc an e odo sal and pos e odo sal co -
ne s; gas e wi h ounded an e ola e al co ne s. Sculp-
u e. Mandibles wi h wo basal longi udinal g oo es on
on al su ace, o he wise smoo h and shining. Clypeus
smoo h and shining. Head in ull- ace and la e al iews
wi h coa se longi udinal ca inae, some ex ending ac oss
on al lobes su aces. Mesosoma wi h abundan longi u-
dinal ca inae la e ally and do sally. Pe iole and pos pe -
iole wi h sho longi udinal ca inae la e ally, do sal ca-
inae somewha ugose; gas e wi h mic o e icula ions.
Pilosi y and pubescence. Body wi h mode a ely dense
e ec hai s. Pubescence spa se, es ic ed o an ennal
club. Colo a ion. Mandibles, an e io clypeal ma gin,
an ennae, legs, and pos e io gas al segmen s yellow-
ish-b own o eddish-b own; emainde o body black.
E ymology. The speci ic epi he “ca inola e alis” is a
compound La in adjec i e, de i ed om “ca ina” (mean-
ing “keel” o “ idge”) and “la e alis” (meaning “la e al”),
e e ing o he diagnos ic cha ac e o coa se longi udinal
ca inae on he la e o en al po ion o he head capsule.
The name highligh s his dis inc i e sculp u al ea u e
ha dis inguishes his new species om M. cu ispina.
Dis ibu ion. Xizang.
My mecina cu ispina Zhou, Huang & Ma, 2008
Fig. 31
My mecina cu ispina Zhou, Huang & Ma, 2008: 286, igs 1–3 (w.)
CHINA.
Ma e ial examined. Holo ype. • wo ke , Maoe shan,
Guangxi, China, 25.9001°N, 110.5001°E, 1550 m, sec-
onda y o es , lea li e , 22.VIII.1998, Shanyi Zhou.
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) P opodeal spines dis inc -
ly ou cu ed apically in do sal iew; (2) gas al e gi e
I comple ely smoo h and shining; (3) an e o en al p o-
no al angle acu e and ec angula , p ojec ing o wa d; (4)
eyes small, composed o ewe han 10 omma idia; (5)
head squa e-shaped (CI 103), wi h s ongly de eloped oc-
cipi al ca ina and conca e pos e io ma gin; (6) mandibles
massi e, mas ica o y ma gin wi h wo p ominen apical
ee h ollowed by small blun den icles; (7) mesosomal
do sum less con ex han in ela ed species, g adually a-
pe ing pos e io ly; (8) pe iole quad angula , wi h dis inc
c oss idge, subpe iola p ocess small and iangula ; (9)
head and mesosoma s ongly longi udinally s ia e.
Dis ibu ion. Guangxi.
My mecina eowilsoni Liu, 2022
Fig. 32
My mecina eowilsoni Liu, 2022: 156, ig. 3 (w.) CHINA.
Ma e ial examined. Unexamined. High- esolu ion im-
ages o he holo ype om Liu e al. (2022) we e e iewed.
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) Pos pe iole s ongly expand-
ed la e ally, mo e han wice as b oad as pe iole; (2) la e al
dez.penso .ne
Zhuojian Gu e al.: My mecina o Fo micidae in China: axonomy & 11 new species
412
Figu e 31. Line d awing o My mecina cu ispina ( ed awn a e he o iginal line d awing o Zhou e al. 2008). A. Head in ull- ace
iew; B. Body in do sal iew; C. Body in la e al iew.
Figu e 32. My mecina eowilsoni, holo ype wo ke (MCZ-ENT00763515, Liu e al. 2022). A. Body in la e al iew; B. Head in ull-
ace iew; C. Body in do sal iew.
D sch. En omol. Z. 72 (2) 2025, 395–448
dez.penso .ne
413
po ions o clypeus aised in o sha p idges (shield-like)
in on o an ennal o ulus; (3) p opodeal spines s aigh
in do sal iew; (4) gas al e gi e I smoo h and shining;
(6) en ola e al po ion o head wi h punc a o ugae; (7)
an e io clypeal ma gin wi h a median den icle; (8) eyes
small, composed o ≤ 10 omma idia.
Dis ibu ion. Yunnan.
My mecina la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no .
h ps://zoobank.o g/440F8E4A-034E-4D37-8AA5-00EC5A01D4B3
Fig. 33
Ma e ial examined. Holo ype. • wo ke , Maoe shan,
Guangxi, China, 25.9153°N, 110.4661°E, 1550 m, sec-
onda y o es , lea li e , 12.VII.2020, Chunxuan Luo,
GXNU20002732 [GXNU]. Pa a ypes. • 4 wo ke s and
1 queen, wi h he same collec ion da e as holo ype; • 2
wo ke s, Huangzhushan, Guangdong, China, 24.6990°N,
114.1809°E, 497 m, seconda y o es , soil, 25.VII.2022,
Benan Zhang, GXNU2201299; • 5 wo ke s, Maoe shan,
Guangxi, China, 25.9153°N, 110.4472°E, 1700 m, sec-
onda y o es , lea li e , 12.VIII.2020, Danni Chen,
GXNU20003038; • 3 wo ke s, Tianjingshan, Guang-
dong, China, 24.6791°N, 112.9868°E, 653 m, seconda y
o es , soil, 19.VIII.2023, Yanping Wu, GXNU2302412
[13 wo ke s and 1 queen, GXNU; 1 wo ke , IZCAS].
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) Mesosoma wi h a pai o
blun - ipped den i o m eume ano al spines; (2) p opodeal
spines obus , leng h subequal o i s basal wid h, in e spi-
nal dis ance app oxima ely wice spine leng h; (3) p opo-
deal spi acle diame e dis inc ly g ea e han i s dis ance
o p opodeal decli i y; (4) pe iole in do sal iew sligh ly
longe han heigh , do sal ou line iangula .
No es. M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no . is mos
simila o M. la a bu can be eadily dis inguished by
he ollowing cha ac e s: (1) eume ano al spines blun -
ly den icula e in M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no . ( s.
small igh -angled iangula ee h in M. la a); (2) p op-
odeal spines obus , wi h leng h subequal o i s basal
wid h in M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no . ( s. iangu-
la spines longe han b oad in M. la a); (3) M. la ipe-
da Gu & Chen, sp. no . exhibi s ine longi udinal s iae
mixed wi h punc a on he do sum o head ( s. 11–13
inconspicuous longi udinal ugae in M. la a); (4) eyes
smalle in M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no ., composed
o 4–6 omma idia ( s. 10–12 in M. la a); (5) p opodeal
spi acle la ge, i s diame e g ea e han i s dis ance o
p opodeal decli i y in M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no .
( s. spi acle small, i s diame e only equal o i s dis ance
o p opodeal decli i y in M. la a); (6) pe iole wi h i-
angula do sal ou line in M. la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp.
no . ( s. sub iangula in M. la a).
Wo ke measu emen s. (N = 5). HL 0.57–0.61, HW
0.55–0.60, CI 96–98, SL 0.46–0.50, SI 84–86, ED 0.05–
0.06, MSL 0.70–0.74, PW 0.38–0.40, PL 0.17–0.19, PH
0.15–0.16, DPW 0.17–0.18, LPI 84–86, DPI 95–100, GL
1.01–1.13, TL 2.69–2.75.
Wo ke desc ip ion. Head. In ull- ace iew, head
ec angula , longe han b oad; la e al ma gins nea ly
s aigh , pos e io ma gin b oadly and shallowly conca e.
Mandibles wi h 7–8 ee h: apical wo ee h obus , ee h
3–6 educed o inconspicuous den icles, wi h a dis inc
gap be ween ee h 2 and 3, sub-basal oo h sligh ly la g-
e han basal oo h. Clypeus wi h nea ly s aigh an e io
ma gin, la e al ee h and median clypeal den icle indis-
inc . An ennal ossa bo de ed an e io ly by a ca ina e
idge, con inuous wi h la e al clypeal idge. F on al lobes
b oad and la , no la e ally expanded. An ennae 12-seg-
men ed, scapes when ex ending pos e io ly, hei api-
ces jus eaching pos e io ma gin o head. Eyes small,
composed o 4–6 omma idia. Mesosoma. In la e al iew,
do sal ou line e enly con ex; eume ano al spines blun ly
den icula e. P opodeal spines obus , leng h subequal o
hei basal wid h; p opodeal spi acle la ge, i s diame e
dis inc ly g ea e han i s dis ance o p opodeal decli i y.
In do sal iew, p ono um con ex an e io ly, wi h dis inc
hume al co ne s; la e al ma gins g adually con e ging
pos e io ly. Two ans e se ca inae p esen be ween eu-
me ano al spines; p opodeal spines app oxima ely hal
as long as in e -spinal dis ance. Me asoma. In la e al
iew, pe iole sligh ly longe han i s heigh , do sal ma -
gin iangula , subpe iola p ocess small oo h, en al
ma gin conca e medially; pos pe iole highe han long,
wi h ounded an e odo sal co ne s; do sal su ace weakly
conca e; s e ni e ec angula , an e o en al and pos e o-
en al co ne s angula e; gas e elonga e-o oid. In do -
sal iew, pe iole and pos pe iole ec angula , pos pe iole
b oade han leng h; gas e o oid, wi h s aigh an e io
ma gin and weakly angula an e ola e al co ne s. Sculp-
u e. Mandibles, clypeus, and median ons smoo h and
shining; emainde do sum o head wi h ine longi udinal
s iae in e spe sed wi h punc a, appea ing dull. La e o-
en al po ion o head wi h minu e punc a (some imes
nea ly impe cep ible), weakly shining. P ono al do sum
wi h sho , obliquely ascending s iae; some imes an e o-
en al a ea smoo h and shining. Mesopleu a and la e al
p opodeum wi h longi udinal s iae. In do sal iew, me-
sosomal do sum wi h 10–15 longi udinal s iae. Pe iole
and pos pe iole s ia e; gas e smoo h and shining. Pilos-
i y and pubescence. Subdecumben hai s p esen along
la e al head ma gins and an ennal scapes. Body densely
co e ed wi h e ec hai s. Pubescence es ic ed o an en-
nal club. Colo a ion. Head, mesosomal do sum, pe iole,
pos pe iole, and gas al e gi e I (excluding an e io and
pos e io ma gins) eddish-b own o da k b own. An en-
nal club, legs, la e al mesosoma, la e al gas e , and gas-
al apex yellow o yellowish-b own.
E ymology. The speci ic epi he “ la ipeda” is a La -
in compound adjec i e meaning “yellow- oo ed” ( la us,
yellow + pes/pedis, oo ), e e ing o he species’ dis inc-
i e eddish-b own o yellowish legs, which is one o he
key diagnos ic ai s ha con as s wi h he p edominan -
ly da k appendages o o he congene s, and he e ymolo-
gy me ely de ines a ca ego y o cha ac e s.
Dis ibu ion. Guangxi, Guangdong.
dez.penso .ne
Zhuojian Gu e al.: My mecina o Fo micidae in China: axonomy & 11 new species
414
Figu e 33. My mecina la ipeda Gu & Chen, sp. no . A. Head in ull- ace iew; B. Pe iole and pos pe iole in do sal iew; C. Body
in do sal iew; D. Body in la e al iew.
D sch. En omol. Z. 72 (2) 2025, 395–448
dez.penso .ne
415
My mecina gaoligongensis Liu, 2022
Fig. 34
My mecina gaoligongensis Liu, 2022: 158, ig. 4 (w.) CHINA.
Ma e ial examined. Unexamined. High- esolu ion im-
ages o he holo ype om Liu e al. (2022) we e e iewed.
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) P opodeal spines iangula ,
sho e han hei basal wid h; (2) pe iole sub ec angula
(1.5 × longe han i s wid h); (3) pos pe iole quad a ic
(PPI 100–103); (4) head densely punc a e, wi h weak lon-
gi udinal ugae; (5) eyes small (6 omma idia).
Dis ibu ion. Yunnan.
My mecina globicephala Gu & Chen, sp. no .
h ps://zoobank.o g/DA10C220-633D-4584-B055-3523A596752C
Fig. 35
Ma e ial examined. Holo ype. • wo ke , Jiuwanshan,
Guangxi, China, 25.2021°N, 108.6817°E, 1206 m, sec-
onda y o es , lea li e , 22.VII.2023, Zhuojian Gu,
GXNU2300350 [GXNU].
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) Head ou line ounded in ull-
ace iew (unique among Chinese congene s); (2) en ola -
e al po ion o head smoo h and shining; (3) p opodeal do -
sum wi hou eume ano al spines; (4) he la e al and do sal
su aces o mesosoma wi h i egula , coa se ugo e iculae.
No es. Compa ing o o he My mecina species,
M. globicephala Gu & Chen, sp. no . head shape simila
o M. b e ia a and M. dolicho h ix om Philippine. Head
wi h b oad, shallow longi udinal ugae and spa se pilig-
e ous punc a in M. globicephala Gu & Chen, sp. no . ( s.
head wi hou s iae in M. b e ia a); Mesosomal do sum
wi h wa ed ugae in M. globicephala Gu & Chen, sp.
no . ( s. wi h ans e se s iae in M. dolicho h ix).
Wo ke measu emen s. (N = 1). HL 0.75, HW 0.82, CI
109, SL 0.65, SI 80, ED 0.11, MSL 0.89, PW 0.50, PL 0.21,
PH 0.14, DPW 0.20, LPI 66, DPI 97, GL 0.83, TL 3.29.
Wo ke desc ip ion. Head. In ull- ace iew, head sub-
ci cula , b oade han long, wi h e enly con ex la e al and
pos e io ma gins, pos e io co ne s b oadly ounded. Man-
dibles wi h 7 ee h: apical oo h b oad, ee h 2–5 subequal in
size, sub-basal oo h s ou and blun , basal oo h inconspicu-
ous. Clypeus p ojec ing an e io ly, an e io ma gin a cua ely
ema gina e, wi h s ou la e al ee h and a single small median
Figu e 34. My mecina gaoligongensis, holo ype wo ke (MCZ-ENT00759990, Liu e al. 2022). A. Body in la e al iew; B. Head
in ull- ace iew; C. Body in do sal iew.

dez.penso .ne
Zhuojian Gu e al.: My mecina o Fo micidae in China: axonomy & 11 new species
416
Figu e 35. My mecina globicephala Gu & Chen, sp. no . A. Mesosoma in do sal iew; B. Head in ull- ace iew; C. Body in do sal
iew; D. Body in la e al iew.
den icle. F on al lobes b oad and la , no expanded la e ally,
di e ging pos e io ly. An ennae 12-segmen ed, scapes long,
ex ending beyond pos e io ma gin o head. Eyes ela i ely
well-de eloped, composed o 20–22 omma idia. Mesosoma.
In la e al iew, do sal ou line e enly a ched; eume ano al
spines absen . P opodeal spines obus and elonga e, ap-
p oxima ely 1.2 imes longe han hei basal wid h, weakly
up u ned apically. P opodeal spi acle small, sli -shaped, po-
si ioned a om p opodeal decli i y (dis ance o decli i y >
8 imes spi acle diame e ). In do sal iew, p ono um con ex
D sch. En omol. Z. 72 (2) 2025, 395–448
dez.penso .ne
417
an e io ly, wi h p ominen hume al co ne s; la e al ma gins
g adually con e ging pos e io ly. P opodeal spines s ou and
s aigh , di ec ed pos e io ly and sligh ly la e ally; p opodeal
spines leng h hal o he dis ance be ween hei apices; he
dis ance o in e -spinal sligh ly wide han pe iole. Me aso-
ma. In la e al iew, pe iole highe han long, wi h a p omi-
nen median den icula e p ojec ion do sally; en al ma gin
la . Pos pe iole do sally con ex, lacking an e odo sal co -
ne ; en al ma gin shallowly conca e an e io ly. In do sal
iew, pos pe iole app oxima ely 1.2 imes wide han long,
an e ola e al co ne s b oadly ounded (no angula ); gas e
lacking hume al co ne s. Sculp u e. Head wi h b oad, shal-
low longi udinal ugae and spa se pilige ous punc a, shining;
en ola e al po ion o head smoo h and shining. An ennal
scapes smoo h and shining, excep o pilige ous punc a.
Mesosoma wi h coa se ugo e icula e sculp u e do sally and
la e ally. Pe iole la e ally ca ina e, do sally wi h ain ugae;
pos pe iole do sally wi h shallow w inkles. Gas e smoo h
and shining. Pilosi y and pubescence. Body densely co -
e ed wi h e ec hai s; pubescence absen s, excep on apical
h ee an ennal segmen s. Colo a ion. Body black, excep o
eddish-b own an e io head ma gin and pos e io ma gins
o gas al segmen s; an ennae and legs eddish-b own, ex-
cep o an ennal club and a si yellowish-b own.
E ymology. The speci ic epi he “globicephala” is a
compound La inized adjec i e de i ed om he G eek
oo s “globo-” (γλοβός, globós, “sphe e, ball”) and “-ceph-
ala” (κεφαλή, kephalḗ, “head”), meaning “globula -head-
ed” o “sphe ical-headed.” The name e e s o he species’
dis inc i e ounded head shape, which is a key diagnos ic
cha ac e dis inguishing i om ela ed My mecina axa.
Dis ibu ion. Guangxi.
My mecina g aminicola (La eille, 1802)
Fig. 36
Fo mica g aminicola La eille, 1802: 255 (w.q.m.) DENMARK.
My mecina la eillii Cu is, 1829: 265 (m.) GREAT BRITAIN. Cu is
1854: 219 (q.). Junio synonym o g aminicola: May 1855: 421.
My mica s ia ula Nylande , 1849: 40 (w.) RUSSIA. Subspecies o g -
aminicola: Eme y 1898: 131. Junio synonym o g aminicola: May
1855: 421.
My mica bidens Foe s e , 1850: 50 (w.q.) GERMANY. Schenck 1852:
95 (m.). Junio synonym o g aminicola: May 1855: 421.
My mecina ku e i Fo el, 1914: 1 (w.) ITALY. Subspecies o g aminicola:
Eme y 1916: 171. Junio synonym o g aminicola: B own 1951: 106.
My mecina g aminicola a . g ou ellei Bond oi , 1918: 116, ig. 58 (w.)
FRANCE. Junio synonym o g aminicola: Mülle 1923: 81.
My mecina g aminicola subsp. go landica Ka a aie , 1930: 146 (w.)
SWEDEN. Junio synonym o g aminicola: Riga o 1999: 86.
My mecina g aminicola subsp. oelandica Ka a aie , 1930: 146 (w.q.)
SWEDEN. Junio synonym o g aminicola: Riga o 1999: 86.
My mecina g aminicola a . den a a San schi, 1939: 77 (w.) TUNISIA.
Junio synonym o g aminicola: Riga o 1999: 86.
Ma e ial examined. High- esolu ion images o he syn-
ype o M. g aminicola den a a (h ps://www.an web.o g,
CASENT0913028, pho og aphed by Will E icson), o he
holo ype o M. g aminicola go landica (h ps://www.an -
web.o g/, CASENT0917028, pho og aphed by Ka e Ma y-
no a), o he syn ype o M. g aminicola oelandica (h ps://
www.an web.o g/, CASENT0917029, pho og aphed by
Ka e Ma yno a) we e e iewed. Non- ype. • 3 wo ke s,
Dadongshan, Guangdong, China, 24.9249°N, 112.7228°E,
653 m, 26.VIII.2023, Xiaoyun Liang, GXNU2302646.
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) An ennal scape base do so-
en ally la ened (appea ing equally wide a basal bend
and apex in do sal iew, unlike he cylind ical, g adually
hickening scape o ela ed species); (2) body sculp u e
coa se, wi h p onounced ugae on head and mesosoma;
(3) body colo da k b own o black, ypically wi h ed-
dish-b own highligh s on clypeus, mesosoma sides, ped-
icel, and gas al segmen s II–IV, and b igh e uginous
appendages; (4) an e op opodeal p ocesses de eloped
in o a sha p oo h in p o ile; and (5) longe , mo e e ec
pilosi y compa ed o M. melonii ( hough some G eek
specimens exhibi in e media e s a es).
Dis ibu ion. Guangxi, Guangdong, Zhejiang; UK,
DENMARK, GERMANY, RUSSIA.
No es. Un o una ely, o da e, we ha e no been able
o examine he ype specimens o high- esolu ion images
o he ype o M. g aminicola, and ha e only e iewed
pho og aphs o h ee ype subspecies o wo ke s: he spec-
imen o M. g aminicola den a a (h ps://www.an web.
o g, CASENT0913028, pho og aphed by Will E icson),
he holo ype o M. g aminicola go landica (h ps://www.
an web.o g/, CASENT0917028, pho og aphed by Ka e
Ma yno a), and M. g aminicola oelandica (h ps://www.
an web.o g/, CASENT0917029, pho og aphed by Ka e
Ma yno a). All h ee subspecies ha e been synonymized
unde M. g aminicola by Riga o (1999), and he high- es-
olu ion images o hese specimens e eal no meaning ul
mo phological di e ences, con i ming hey ep esen he
same species. The mo phology o specimens om ou col-
lec ion ully ma ches hese specimens in mo phological
ea u es, and i hei o iginal desc ip ions we e scien i ical-
ly alid—meaning hey a e indeed synonyms o M. g am-
inicola— hen he p esence o M. g aminicola (La eille)
(Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang), and subspe-
cies M. g aminicola sinensis Wheele (Guangxi, Liaon-
ing, Zhejiang) in China is also con i med (Guéna d and
Dunn 2012). We hope u u e comp ehensi e e isions o
his genus by o he my mecologis s will p o ide a mo e
igo ous axonomic diagnosis o M. g aminicola.
My mecina guangxiensis Zhou, 2001
Fig. 37
My mecina guangxiensis Zhou, 2001: 139, 237, igs 275, 276 (w.) CHINA.
Ma e ial examined. Holo ype. • wo ke , Huashuichong,
Guangxi, China, seconda y o es , lea li e , 01.IX.1998,
Shanyi Zhou. Pa a ypes. • 4 wo ke s, Dapingshan, Guangxi,
China, 18.IX.1998, John R Fellowes. Non- ype. • 5 wo ke s,
dez.penso .ne
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Figu e 36. My mecina g aminicola den a a, syn ype wo ke (h ps://www.an web.o g, CASENT0913028, pho og aphed by Alex-
and a Wes ich). A. Head in ull- ace iew; B. Label o syn ype; C. Body in do sal iew; D. Body in la e al iew.
D sch. En omol. Z. 72 (2) 2025, 395–448
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Figu e 37. My mecina guangxiensis. A. Head in ull- ace iew; B. Pe iole and pos pe iole in do sal iew; C. Body in do sal iew;
D. Body in la e al iew.
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Figu e 41. My mecina kaigong, holo ype wo ke (h p://www.niaes.a c.go.jp/in en o y/insec /inssys/hymls .h m, HYM-206, pho-
og aphed by Hi aku Yoshi ake &Takashi Ku iha a). A. Head and mesosoma in do sal iew; B. Label o holo ype; C. Body in do sal
iew; D. Body in la e al iew.

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Figu e 42. My mecina lae ido sa Gu & Chen, sp. no . A. Head in ull- ace iew; B. Pe iole in la e al iew; C. Body in do sal iew;
D. Body in la e al iew.
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no . is densely punc a e excep o smoo h medial ons
and clypeus, whe eas M. b e ia a exhibi s longi udinal
ugae ac oss he en i e do sum o head; (3) he mesosomal
do sum o M. lae ido sa Gu & Chen, sp. no . is smoo h
and shining, con as ing wi h M. b e ia a’s weakly ca i-
na e p ono um and mesono um. (4) he p opodeal spi acle
o M. lae ido sa Gu & Chen, sp. no . is excep ionally
la ge (diame e wice i s dis ance o decli i y), compa ed
o M. b e ia a’s smalle spi acle (diame e ≤ 1/6 × he dis-
ance); (5) he pos pe iole o M. lae ido sa Gu & Chen,
sp. no . is ec angula , wi h dis inc an e o en al co -
ne s, e sus M. b e ia a’s mo e globula pos pe iole wi h
less-de ined co ne s; (6) he eyes o M. lae ido sa Gu &
Chen, sp. no . ex emely educed (4–6 omma idia) com-
pa ed o M. b e ia a ( ypically 10–12 omma idia).
Wo ke measu emen s. (N = 3). HL 0.44–0.46, HW
0.40–0.42, CI 90–93, SL 0.31–0.35, SI 76–78, ED 0.02–
0.03, MSL 0.52–0.54, PW 0.27–0.29, PL 0.13–0.15, PH
0.14–0.16, DPW 0.12–0.14, LPI 106–108, DPI 92–96,
GL 0.64–0.67, TL 2.08–2.12.
Wo ke desc ip ion. Head. In ull- ace iew, head
dis inc ly ec angula , longe han b oad, la e al ma gins
nea ly pa allel, pos e io ma gin medially conca e, pos-
e ola e al co ne s ounded. Mandibula mas ica o y ma -
gin bea ing 8–9 ee h: apical wo ee h 1–2 obus , ee h
3–6 small and uni o m in size, aligned on he same line as
he majo ee h; ee h 7–8 sligh ly la ge han 3–6 bu low-
e in heigh ; basal oo h indis inc o occasionally absen .
Clypeal an e io ma gin nea ly s aigh , lacking a median
den icle. F on al lobes hin, sub anslucen , and sligh ly
la e ally expanded. An ennae 12-segmen ed, scapes ba e-
ly eaching pos e ola e al co ne s o head. Eyes small,
composed o 4–6 omma idia. Mesosoma. In la e al iew,
do sal ou line o mesosoma weakly con ex; eume ano al
spines inconspicuous. P opodeal spines sligh ly longe
han hei basal wid h, di ec ed pos e io ly. P opodeal
spi acle la ge, ci cula , diame e wice as i s dis ance o
p opodeal decli i y. In do sal iew, an e io p ono al ma -
gin e enly con ex, hume al co ne s p ominen ; p ono um
sligh ly b oade an e io ly han pos e io ly; mesono um
ab up ly cons ic ed pos e io ly. P opodeum wi h a ans-
e se ca ina an e io ly; p opodeal spines slende , di ec ed
pos e io ly, leng h app oxima ely 1/3 he dis ance be ween
hei apices. Me asoma. In la e al iew, pe iole sligh -
ly highe han long, do sum wi h a iangula p ojec ion;
en al ma gin almos s aigh , an e o en al co ne ound-
ed. Pos pe iole ec angula , an e o en al co ne angula e,
pos e o en al co ne angula ; gas e o oid. In do sal iew,
pe iola do sum ca ina e; pos pe iole b oade an e io ly,
wi h dis inc ounded an e odo sal co ne s; gas e wi h
p ominen an e ola e al co ne s. Sculp u e. Mandibles,
clypeus, and median ons smoo h and shining; emain-
de o head densely punc a e, excep la e o en al po ions
smoo h and shining. Mesopleu a wi h shallow punc a
and weak ugae; es o mesosoma do sally and la e ally
smoo h and shining. Pe iole la e ally wi h 2–3 weak ca i-
nae. Pos pe iole an e io ly smoo h and shining, pos e io ly
wi h longi udinal ugae; gas e en i ely smoo h, excep o
sho basal s iae nea inse ion. Pilosi y and pubescence.
Body densely co e ed wi h sho e ec hai s; pubescence
absen s, excep on an ennal club. Colo a ion. Body p e-
dominan ly yellowish-b own; pos e io head and mid-gas-
e da k b own. Mandibles and appendages yellow.
E ymology. The speci ic epi he “lae ido sa” is a La -
in compound adjec i e de i ed om “lae is” (smoo h)
and “do sum” (back), e e ing o he cha ac e is ically
smoo h and unsculp u ed do sal su ace o he mesosoma,
a key diagnos ic ea u e dis inguishing his species om
i s congene s.
Dis ibu ion. Guangxi.
My mecina pauca Huang, Huang & Zhou, 2008
Fig. 43
My mecina pauca Huang, Huang & Zhou, 2008: 275, igs 1–6 (w.q.)
CHINA.
Ma e ial examined. Holo ype. • wo ke , Bamianshan,
Hunan, China, 26.0333°N, 113.7500°E, seconda y o -
es , lea li e , 1300 m, 14.VI.2004, Jianhua Huang.
Pa a ypes. • 3 wo ke s, om he same collec ion da e as
holo ype. Non- ype. • 4 wo ke s, Dayaoshan, Guangxi,
China, 24.1356°N, 110.0864°E, 624 m, seconda y o -
es , lea li e , 26.VI.2021, Yulin Xie, GXNU201857; •
4 wo ke s, Maoe shan, Guangxi, China, 25.8983°N,
110.4697°E, 1100 m, seconda y o es , lea li e ,
16.VII.2020, Chunxuan Luo, GXNU203468; • 5 wo ke s,
Maoe shan, Guangxi, China, 25.8983°N, 110.4697°E,
1100 m, seconda y o es , lea li e , 15.VII.2020,
Chunxuan Luo, GXNU203356; • 3 wo ke s, Maoe shan,
Guangxi, China, 25.8983°N, 110.4697°E, 1100 m, sec-
onda y o es , lea li e , 16.VII.2020, Chunxuan Luo,
GXNU203399; • 2 wo ke s, Maoe shan, Guangxi, Chi-
na, 25.8983°N, 110.4697°E, 1100 m, seconda y o es ,
lea li e , 16.VII.2020, Chunxuan Luo, GXNU203458.
Diagnos ic ea u es. An enna 11-segmen ed (unique
among My mecina species).
Dis ibu ion. Guangxi, Hunan.
My mecina pie ceae Liu, 2022
Fig. 44
My mecina pie ceae Liu, 2022: 160, ig. 5 (w.) CHINA.
Ma e ial examined. Unexamined. High- esolu ion im-
ages o he holo ype om Liu e al. (2022) we e e iewed.
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) P opodeal spines iangula ,
sho e han hei basal wid h, pos e io ly di ec ed; (2)
pe iole node sub ec angula in do sal iew (1.5 × longe
han wid h); (3) head wi h hin longi udinal ugae, cu -
ing owa d occipi al co ne s; en ola e al po ion smoo h
and shining (1–2 ugae isible la e ally); (4) clypeus
smoo h, an e io ma gin conca e, wi h median p ocess;
(5) gas e en i ely smoo h and shining; (6) mesosoma
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Figu e 43. My mecina pauca. A. Head in ull- ace iew; B. An enna; C. Body in do sal iew; D. Body in la e al iew.
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Figu e 44. My mecina pie ceae, holo ype wo ke (MCZ-ENT00759962; Liu e al. 2022). A. Body in la e al iew; B. Head in ull-
ace iew; C. Body in do sal iew.
and me asoma wi h coa se longi udinal ugae do sally,
oblique and i egula la e ally; (7) body black, wi h yel-
lowish-b own mandibles, an ennae, and legs.
Dis ibu ion. Yunnan.
My mecina planiclypea Gu & Chen, sp. no .
h ps://zoobank.o g/5427366C-44B7-4855-BD06-C71A20A27F86
Fig. 45
Ma e ial examined. Holo ype. • wo ke , Guilin, Guangxi,
China, 25.0810°N, 110.2908°E, 145 m, seconda y o -
es , lea li e , 10.VI.2018, Zhilin Chen, GXNU180016
[GXNU]. Pa a ypes. • 4 wo ke s and 1 queen, wi h he
same collec ion da a as he holo ype [3 wo ke s and 1
queen, GXNU; 1 wo ke , IZCAS].
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) Head subquad a e, la e al
ma gins nea ly pa allel and pos e io ma gin a cua ely
conca e; (2) mandibles wi h 7 dis inc ee h, including
2 obus apical and subapical ee h, and a p ominen bas-
al den icle; (3) clypeus wi h a s aigh an e io ma gin,
lacking a median den icle; (4) an ennal scapes nea ly
eaching pos e ola e al co ne s; (5) eyes medium-sized,
10–12 omma idia; (6) p opodeal spines obus and acu e,
subequal in leng h o basal wid h, apices weakly cu ed
ou wa d; (7) an e ola e al p ono al co ne s s ongly con-
ex, wi h p ominen hume al co ne s; (8) mesosoma wi h
longi udinal ugae and sho oblique b anches.
No es. M. planiclypea Gu & Chen, sp. no . is mos
closely esembles M. guangxiensis bu can be eadily dis-
inguished by he ollowing combina ion o cha ac e s:
(1) he la e o en al po ion o he head in M. planiclypea
Gu & Chen, sp. no . bea s longi udinal ugae ha become
spa se pos e io ly, whe eas M. guangxiensis exhibi s
i egula s ia ions on he sides and e icula e occipi al
co ne s; (2) an e io clypeal ma gin in M. planiclypea Gu
& Chen, sp. no . is s aigh , wi hou a median den icle,
con as ing wi h clypeal ma gin in M. guangxiensis is
conca e, wi h a median den icle; (3) he eyes o M. plan-
iclypea Gu & Chen, sp. no . a e medium-sized (10–12
omma idia), signi ican ly la ge han he e y small eyes
(4–5 omma idia) o M. guangxiensis; (4) he p opodeal
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spines o M. planiclypea Gu & Chen, sp. no . a e obus ,
acu e, and subequal in leng h o hei basal wid h, wi h
apices weakly cu ed ou wa d, while hose o M. guangx-
iensis a e iangula , b oad a he base, and s aigh wi h-
ou upwa d cu a u e; (5) he do sal mesosoma o M.
planiclypea Gu & Chen, sp. no . bea s longi udinal ugae,
wi h sho oblique b anches, while M. guangxiensis ex-
hibi s wo s aigh longi udinal s ia ions medially and i -
egula s ia ions la e ally; (6) he pe iole and pos pe iole
in M. planiclypea Gu & Chen, sp. no . ha e longi udinal
Figu e 45. My mecina planiclypea Gu & Chen, sp. no . A. Clypeus and mandible in ull- ace iew; B. Head in ull- ace iew;
C. Body in do sal iew; D. Body in la e al iew.

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ugae do sally and la e ally, whe eas hose in M. guangx-
iensis a e shag eened o smoo h and shining.
Wo ke measu emen s. (N = 5). HL 0.64–0.69, HW
0.62–0.67, CI 93–96, SL 0.64–0.67, SI 102–105, ED
0.08–0.10, MSL 0.72–0.76, PW 0.43–0.44, PL 0.19–0.22,
PH 0.16–0.18, DPW 0.15–0.16, LPI 88–92, DPI 79–83,
GL 0.91–0.98, TL 2.64–2.88.
Wo ke desc ip ion. Head. In ull- ace iew, head
subquad a e, la e al ma gins nea ly pa allel and pos e io
ma gin a cua ely conca e; pos e ola e al co ne s ound-
ed. Mandibles wi h 7 ee h: apical wo ee h obus and
acu ely poin ed, ee h 3–6 small bu dis inc ; basal oo h
la ge han ee h 3–6, wi h a p ominen den icle nea inne
ma gin. Clypeus wi h s aigh an e io ma gin, lacking a
median den icle. F on al lobes weakly la e ally expanded.
An ennae 12-segmen ed, scapes nea ly eaching pos e o-
la e al co ne s. Eyes medium-sized, composed o 10–12
omma idia. Mesosoma. In la e al iew, do sal ou line
e enly con ex, eume ano al spines small, weakly p o-
jec ing abo e do sal ou line. P opodeal spines obus and
acu e, leng h subequal o hei basal wid h. P opodeal spi -
acle la ge, diame e almos equal o i s dis ance o p opo-
deal decli i y. In do sal iew, an e io p ono um s ongly
con ex, wi h p ominen hume al co ne s; la e al ma gins
g adually con e ging pos e io ly o p opodeal spine bases.
P opodeal spines di ec ed pos e io ly, hei apices weak-
ly cu ed ou wa d. Me asoma. In la e al iew, pe iole
sligh ly longe han i s heigh , wi h iangula den icula e
p ojec ion pos e odo sally; en al ma gin s aigh . Pos -
pe iole wi h nea ly s aigh do sal ma gin and dis inc
an e odo sal co ne s; an e o en al co ne weakly den-
icula e; gas e o oid. In do sal iew, pe iole ec angula
wi h conca e an e io ma gin and s aigh la e al ma gins;
pos pe iole b oade han i s leng h wi h shallowly conca e
an e io ma gin; gas e wi h dis inc an e ola e al co ne s.
Sculp u e. Mandibles and clypeus smoo h and shining,
excep o one long and one sho basal pi on on al
mandibula su ace. Head wi h longi udinal ugae, bea -
ing sho b anchings (no o ming e icula ions), excep
smoo h and shining medial ons be ween on al ca inae.
La e o en al po ion o head wi h longi udinal ugae,
becoming spa se pos e io ly. Mesosoma wi h longi udi-
nal ugae bea ing sho oblique b anches (no e icula e).
Pe iole and pos pe iole la e ally wi h longi udinal ugae,
do sally wi h ine and dense ugae. Gas e smoo h and
shining. Pilosi y and pubescence. Body wi h mode a e-
ly dense e ec hai s. Pubescence limi ed o an ennal club.
Colo a ion. An e io head ma gin, pos e io and en al
ma gins o mesosoma, pe iole, pospe iole, and base and
pos e io o gas e eddish-b own; emainde o body
black. Mandibles, clypeus, and an ennae eddish-b own,
excep an ennal club and legs yellowish-b own.
E ymology. The speci ic epi he “planiclypea” is a La -
in compound adjec i e de i ed om “planus” ( la , le el)
+ “clypeus” ( e e ing o he clypeus), meaning “ la -cly-
peus”. This name highligh s he diagnos ic s aigh and
non-p o uding an e io clypeal ma gin ha dis inguishes
his species om congene s wi h medially den icula e o
conca e clypeal s uc u es.
Dis ibu ion. Guangxi.
My mecina a iwonghei Jai ong, Samung,
Waengso ho n & Okido, 2019
Fig. 46
My mecina a iwonghei Jai ong, Samung, Waengso ho n & Okido,
2019: 3, igs 1–5 (w.) THAILAND.
Ma e ial examined. Unexamined. High- esolu ion images
o he holo ype om Jai ong e al. (2019) we e e iewed.
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) Clypeus wi h shallowly con-
ca e do sal ace and iden a e median p ojec ion on an-
e io ma gin; (2) an ennal scapes sho (SI 71–78), no
eaching pos e ola e al co ne s o head; (3) eyes ex eme-
ly educed (4–6 omma idia); (3) p opodeal spines ela-
i ely long; (4) pe iole ec angula in do sal iew (PTI
92–100), en al ma gin s aigh , wi h small an e io den-
icle; (5) gas al e gi e I s ongly conca e an e io ly and
densely punc a e, gas al s e ni e I e icula e; (6) do sum
o head and mesosoma densely punc a e- ugose, en o-
la e al po ion o head wi h i egula ugae.
Dis ibu ion. Yunnan; THAILAND.
My mecina ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no .
h ps://zoobank.o g/B5B6F116-DE54-43AE-A80B-C09D6A829A0E
Fig. 47
Ma e ial examined. Holo ype. • wo ke , Jinyunshan,
Chongqing, China, 29.8073°N, 106.3897°E, 550 m, sec-
onda y o es , lea li e , 28.VII.2003, Jianhua Huang,
GXNU030551 [GXNU].
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) Pos e ola e al co ne s o head
ounded and p ojec ing; (2) clypeus wi h deeply a cua e an-
e io ma gin, bea ing a iny median den icle; (3) eume a-
no al spines absen o es igial; (4) pe iole wi h iangula
median do sal p ojec ion and la en al ma gin; (5) pos -
pe iole apezoidal, lacking an e odo sal co ne ; (6) coa se
i egula ugae on mesosomal do sum (sha ed wi h M. sha-
nyii Gu & Chen, sp. no .), bu la e lacks oblique ons
ugae and punc a e- ugulose la e o en al a ea o head.
No es. Compa ing o o he My mecina species,
M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no . is mos simila o
M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no . in possessing a ugose me-
sosomal do sum and obus p opodeal spines, bu M. ugo-
sodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no . can be unequi ocally dis-
inguished by he ollowing ai s: (1) he clypeal an e io
ma gin in M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no . is deeply
and a cua ely conca e, wi h a iny median den icle ( s. he
clypeal an e io ma gin in M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no .
is nea ly s aigh ma gin, lacking a den icle), hough bo h
sha e p ojec ing an e ola e al clypeal co ne s; (2) pos-
e ola e al co ne s o head o ounded and p ojec ing in
D sch. En omol. Z. 72 (2) 2025, 395–448
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Figu e 46. My mecina a iwonghei, holo ype wo ke (THNHM-I-05470, Jai ong e al. 2019). A. Body in la e al iew; B. Head in
ull- ace iew; C. Body in do sal iew; D. Gas e in do sal iew; E. Pe iole and pos pe iole in la e al iew.
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M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no . ( s. b oadly ound-
ed bu no p ojec ing in M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no .);
(3) eume ano al spines o M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen,
sp. no . absen o ex emely educed ( s. s ou , oo h-like,
and p ojec ing abo e do sal ou line in M. shanyii Gu &
Chen, sp. no .); (4) in e spinal space o p opodeal spines
o M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no . U-shaped ( s.
b oadly V-shaped in M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no .); (5)
pe iole wi h a iangula median do sal p ojec ion and la
en al ma gin ( s. pos e odo sally di ec ed oo h-like
p ojec ion and con ex en al ma gin wi h subpe iola
p ocess in M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no .); (6) pos pe iole
Figu e 47. My mecina ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no . A. Mesosoma in do sal iew; B. Head in ull- ace iew; C. Body in
do sal iew; D. Body in la e al iew.
D sch. En omol. Z. 72 (2) 2025, 395–448
dez.penso .ne
435
lacking an an e odo sal co ne and no comp essed an e o-
pos e io ly ( s. s ongly comp essed wi h s aigh do sal
ma gin in M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no .); (7) while bo h
species exhibi coa se i egula ugae on he mesosomal
do sum, M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no . lacks he
oblique pos e ola e al ugae on he ons and punc a e- u-
gulose la e o en al head sculp u e seen in M. shanyii Gu
& Chen, sp. no . M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no .
is also simila o M. padangensis om Indonesia, bo h o
hem possessing a ugose mesosomal do sum. leng h o
pe iole nea ly equal wi h i s heigh in M. ugosodo sum
Gu & Chen, sp. no . ( s. he leng h o pe iole app oxi-
ma ely 1.5 imes longe han i s heigh in M. padangensis).
Wo ke measu emen s. (N = 1). HL 0.68, HW 0.63, CI
93, SL 0.57, SI 90, ED 0.09, MSL 0.81, PW 0.45, PL 0.17,
PH 0.21, DPW 0.20, LPI 124, DPI 118, GL 0.87, TL 2.89.
Wo ke desc ip ion. Head. In ull- ace iew, head
ec angula , la e al ma gins nea ly pa allel, pos e io
ma gin deeply conca e medially, pos e ola e al co ne s
ounded and p ojec ing. Mandibles wi h 7 ee h on mas i-
ca o y ma gin: apical wo ee h b oad and p ominen , ee h
3–6 minu e and indis inc , basal oo h la ge han ee h
3–6, bu dis inc ly smalle han apical ee h. Clypeus wi h
p ojec ing an e ola e al co ne s, an e io ma gin o cly-
peus deeply and a cua ely conca e, bea ing a iny median
den icle. F on al lobes well-de eloped, la e ally expand-
ed. 12-segmen ed, scapes jus eaching pos e ola e al co -
ne s. Eyes ela i ely la ge, composed o 16–18 omma id-
ia. Mesosoma. In la e al iew, do sal ou line o mesosoma
con ex, eume ano al spines absen o ex emely educed.
P opodeal spines obus a base, acu ely ape ed apically,
leng h sligh ly g ea e han hei basal wid h. P opodeal
spi acle mode a e size, i s diame e app oxima ely 1/2 as
i s dis ance o p opodeal decli i y. In do sal iew, an e i-
o ma gin o p ono um ounded and con ex, an e ola e al
co ne s b oadly ounded (no angula ). P opodeal spines
1.5 imes longe han hei basal wid h; in e spinal space
U-shaped. Me asoma. In la e al iew, pe iole dis inc ly
highe han long, do sal ma gin wi h a iangula medi-
an p ojec ion; en al ma gin la . Pos pe iole lacking a
p onounced an e odo sal angle, no o ming a dis inc
node; s e ni e apezoidal. In do sal iew, pe iole wide
han long; pos pe iole lacking an e ola e al co ne s. Gas-
e o al. Sculp u e. Mandibles and clypeus smoo h and
shining. Head in ull- ace iew wi h coa se longi udinal
ugae; la e o en al po ion o head smoo h and shining.
Mesosomal do sum wi h i egula ugae. Pe iole and pos -
pe iole wi h longi udinal s iae; gas e smoo h and shin-
ing. Pilosi y and pubescence. Body densely co e ed wi h
long e ec hai s. App essed pubescence es ic ed o an-
ennal club. Colo a ion. Body da k b own o black; man-
dibles, an ennae, and legs yellowish-b own.
E ymology. The speci ic epi he “ ugosodo sum” is a
La in neu e compound adjec i e, combining “ ugosus”
(w inkled o ugose) and “do sum” ( he back o do sum).
I e e s o he dis inc ly ugose do sal su ace o he me-
sosoma, a key diagnos ic ai o his species.
Dis ibu ion. Chongqing.
My mecina sau e i Fo el, 1912
Fig. 48
My mecina sau e i Fo el, 1912: 54 (w.q.) CHINA.
Ma e ial examined. High- esolu ion images o he syn-
ype (h ps://www.an web.o g, CASENT0908954, Will
E icson) we e e iewed. Non- ype. • 2 wo ke s, Jiuwan-
shan, Guangxi, China, 25.2015°N, 108.6817°E, 1188 m,
seconda y o es , lea li e , 26.VII.2022, Yuqing He,
GXNU221993; • 4 wo ke s, Huapincun, Guangxi, Chi-
na, 25.5539°N, 109.9447°E, 1371 m, seconda y o es ,
lea li e , 01.VIII.2019, De u Chen, GXNU191773; •
2 wo ke s, Dayaoshan, Guangxi, China, 24.1697°N,
110.2436°E, 1173 m, seconda y o es , lea li e ,
16.VII.2021, De u Chen, GXNU212989.
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) An ennae 12-segmen ed; (2)
la e al po ions o clypeus aised in o a sha p idge, con-
nec ed o he on idge o he an ennal o ulus; (3) scapes
smoo h, appea ing shining; (4) pos pe iole wi h an e io
po ion, nea ly as wide as pos e io in do sal iew; (5)
mesosomal do sum wi h dense s iae o ugosi y; (6) gas-
al e gi e I sculp u ed.
Dis ibu ion. Guangxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Taiwan.
My mecina shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no .
h ps://zoobank.o g/D8E77859-1F88-4F50-87E5-2C7C355F9B6A
Fig. 49
Ma e ial examined. Holo ype. • wo ke , Jian engling,
Hainan, China, 18.7482°N, 108.8463°E, 895 m, sec-
onda y o es , lea li e , 15.VII.2023, Xiaoyun Liang,
GXNU230741 [GXNU]. Pa a ypes. • 6 wo ke s, wi h he
same collec ion da a as he holo ype; • 4 wo ke s, Jian en-
gling, Hainan, China, 18.7423°N, 108.8491°E, 926 m,
seconda y o es , lea li e , 19.VI.2024, Benan Zhang,
GXNU240512 [8 wo ke s, GXNU; 1 wo ke , IZCAS].
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) Head ec angula (CI 101–
104), la e al ma gins ounded and pos e ola e al co ne s
con ex; (2) mandibles wi h 6–7 ee h, including a basal
den icle; (3) an e io ma gin o clypeus nea ly s aigh ,
lacking median den icle bu bea ing dis inc an e ola e al
p ojec ions; (4) eume ano al spines p ojec ing abo e me-
sosomal ou line; (5) p opodeal spines wi h leng h equal o
hei basal wid h and up u ned apices; (6) dis inc ly com-
p essed pos pe iole (heigh > leng h) wi h s aigh do sal
ma gin; (7) oblique pos e ola e al ugae on ons com-
bined wi h punc a e- ugulose la e o en al head sculp u e.
No es. M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no . is closely e-
sembles M. shixui Gu & Chen, sp. no . in sha ing ugose
an ennal scapes, M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no . di e s
ma kedly om M. shixui Gu & Chen, sp. no . h ough
he ollowing diagnos ic ai s: (1) he head o M. sha-
nyii Gu & Chen, sp. no . is ec angula (CI 101–104),
wi h con ex la e al ma gins and ounded pos e ola e al
co ne s ( s. he head o M. shixui Gu & Chen, sp. no . is
sub ec angula (CI 95–97), wi h p ojec ing pos e ola e al
dez.penso .ne
Zhuojian Gu e al.: My mecina o Fo micidae in China: axonomy & 11 new species
442
Huang and Zhou 2007; Guéna d and Dunn 2012); Jiangsu
4 eco ds (Li e al. 2011; Guéna d and Dunn 2012); Yun-
nan 27 eco ds (Xu 1998; Xu e al. 1999; Xu e al. 2001; Li
e al. 2009; Chen e al. 2011; Guéna d and Dunn 2012; Lu
e al. 2016; Fon anilla e al. 2019; Huang e al. 2019); Si-
chuan 2 eco ds (Luo e al. 2019a, 2019b; He e al. 2020).
These ci a ions in ol e a leas 15 di e en ins i u ions.
The combina ion o diagnos ic ai s does no ma ch any
con i med specimens om known egional congene s.
Whe he M. s ia a uly occu s in China equi es u he
e i ica ion by di ec examina ion o ype specimens (o
high- esolu ion pho og aphs o ype) and c i ical compa -
ison wi h Chinese specimens cu en ly iden i ied as his
species. A p esen we ha e no p ac ical means o e i y-
ing e e y locali y o e-examining e e y ouche . Dele ing
he species om he Chinese auna would he e o e imply
ha all o hese eco ds a e de ini i ely e oneous—a con-
clusion we canno ye be jus i ied. Flagging he axon as
“dubious” p ese es he exis ing in o ma ion while clea ly
signaling o u u e wo ke s ha con i ma ion is equi ed.
Cu en Chinese eco ds should be ea ed wi h cau ion
un il compa a i e s udies con i m hei alidi y.
My mecina s igis Lin & Wu, 1998
Fig. 52
My mecina s igis Lin & Wu, 1998: 91, igs 9, 11, 21–24 (w.) TAIWAN.
Ma e ial examined. Unexamined.
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) 12-segmen ed an ennae; (2)
head and mesosoma wi h s ia e- ugose sculp u e ( ons
smoo h); (3) an e io ma gin o clypeus con ex (lacking a
median den icle); (4) p opodeal spines sho , acu e (sho -
e han hei basal wid h, di ec ed pos e io ly); (5) gas al
e gi e I smoo h; and (6) body size la ge (TL > 3.5 mm).
No es. To da e, we ha e been unable o examine he
ype specimens o ob ain high- esolu ion images o he
ype ma e ial o M. s igis, excep o SEM pho og aphs o
i s holo ype. This species closely esembles M. asia ica in
gene al mo phology, bu can be eliably dis inguished by
he ollowing diagnos ic cha ac e s: (1) signi ican ly la ge
body size (TL > 3.5) ( s. < 2.6 in M. asia ica), (2) an e io
clypeal ma gin con ex ( s. s aigh in M. asia ica), and (3)
p opodeal spines p opo ionally sho e . Addi ional dis in-
guishing ea u es include i s p opodeal spine o ien a ion
(compa ed o M. aiwana) and gas al e gi e I comple ely
smoo h ( s. he e icula e sculp u e in M. a iwonghei).
Dis ibu ion. Taiwan.
My mecina subuncina a Gu & Chen, sp. no .
h ps://zoobank.o g/7739AF90-5B57-49AB-B080-DB939EF974B7
Fig. 53
Ma e ial examined. Holo ype. • wo ke , Wuzhis-
han, Hainan, China, 18.6698°N, 109.4525°E, 737 m,
seconda y o es , soil, 11.VII.2024, Xiaoyun Liang,
GXNU242026 [GXNU]. Pa a ypes. • 3 wo ke s, wi h
he same collec ion da a as he holo ype; • 5 wo ke s
and 1 queens, Jian engling, Hainan, China, 18.7113°N,
108.8766°E, 995 m, seconda y o es , soil, 20.VI.2024,
Xiaoyun Liang, GXNU240678; • 1 wo ke , Jian englin,
Hainan, China, 18.7491°N, 108.9162°E, 672 m, sec-
onda y o es , dead wood, 22.VI.2024, Xiaoyun Liang,
GXNU240835; • 2 wo ke s, Jian engling, Hainan, China,
18.7508°N, 108.8666°E, 811 m, seconda y o es , soil,
08.VIII.2023, Yanping Wu, GXNU231415 [11 wo ke s,
GXNU; 1 wo ke , IZCAS].
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) An e io ma gin o clypeus
conca e, bea ing a dis inc ans e se ec angula p o-
jec ion medially (non-den i o m); (2) an ennal scapes
smoo h and shining, wi h spa se pili e ous punc a; (3) la -
e o en al a ea o head en i ely smoo h and shining; (4)
en al ma gin o pe iole con ex in la e al iew; (5) p op-
odeal spines long (app oxima ely 1.5 imes basal wid h),
ab up ly ape ed, and sha ply up u ned apically in o semi-
ci cula hooks; (6) gas al e gi e I wi h only ain s iae o
weak e icula ion, emainde smoo h and shining.
No es. M. subuncina a Gu & Chen, sp. no . is mos
simila o M. a iwonghei bu di e s consis en ly in:
(1) an e io ma gin o he clypeus is medially conca e
and bea s a dis inc ans e se ec angula p ojec ion
(non-den i o m) in M. subuncina a Gu & Chen, sp. no .
( s. clypeal ma gin s aigh o weakly conca e, wi h a
median den i o m in M. a iwonghei. (2) an ennal scapes
smoo h excep o spa se pili e ous punc a in M. sub-
uncina a Gu & Chen, sp. no . ( s. an ennal scapes dis-
inc ly punc a e in M. a iwonghei); (3) la e o en al
a ea o head smoo h and shining in M. subuncina a Gu
& Chen, sp. no .; ( s. en ola e al po ion o head wi h
ugae in M. a iwonghei); (4) pe iole o M. subuncina-
a Gu & Chen, sp. no . wi h a en al ma gin con ex,
pos pe iole wi h ounded an e odo sal co ne ; s e ni e o
pos pe iole apezoidal wi h s aigh en al ma gin and
den i o m pos pe iola p ocess ( s. en al ma gin o
pe iole is s aigh en ally, en al ma gin o pos pe i-
ole s onge conca e wi h a s onge pos pe iola p ocess
in M. a iwonghei); (5) M. subuncina a Gu & Chen, sp.
no . exhibi s e y ain s iae o weak e icula ion on he
gas al e gi e I, while he es is smoo h and shining in
M. subuncina a Gu & Chen, sp. no . ( s. gas al e gi e I
wi h inely punc a e and gas al s e ni e I wi h e icula e
in M. a iwonghei).
Wo ke measu emen s. (N = 3). HL 0.70–0.74, HW
0.80–0.83, CI 112–116, SL 0.53–0.54, SI 65–66, ED
0.08–0.09, MSL 0.81–0.85, PW 0.54–0.57, PL 0.24–
0.26, PH 0.25–0.27, DPW 0.24–0.25, LPI 104–113, DPI
96–100, GL 1.21–1.25, TL 3.45–3.51.
Wo ke desc ip ion. Head. In ull- ace iew, head
apezoidal, b oade pos e io ly; la e al ma gins con ex,
pos e io ma gin medially conca e wi h ounded pos e o-
la e al co ne s. Mandibles wi h 7 ee h: apical wo ee h
obus , ee h 3–6 small, low and blun ; basal oo h smalle
han apical ee h. Clypeus wi h p ominen an e ola e al
co ne s, an e io ma gin conca e, bea ing a ans e se

D sch. En omol. Z. 72 (2) 2025, 395–448
dez.penso .ne
443
ec angula p ojec ion medially (non-den i o m). F on al
lobes s ongly la e ally expanded. An ennae 12-segmen -
ed, scapes no eaching pos e ola e al co ne s. Eyes medi-
um-sized, composed o 14–16 omma idia. Mesosoma. In
la e al iew, do sal ou line weakly con ex, eume ano al
spines sligh ly p ojec ing abo e do sal ou line. P opodeal
spines ela i ely long (1.5 imes basal wid h), ab up ly
ape ed apically, ips sha ply up u ned, o ming semici -
cula hooks. P opodeal spi acle diame e hal i s dis ance
o p opodeal decli i y. In do sal iew, p ono um e enly
con ex wi h p ominen hume al co ne s; p opodeal spines
app oxima ely > 2.0 imes basal leng h, apices ou wa d-
ly cu ed. Me asoma. In la e al iew, pe iole highe han
long, do sally wi h iangula p ojec ion pos e omedially;
subpe iola p ocess p ominen , en al ma gin con ex.
Pos pe iole wi h ounded an e odo sal co ne ; s e ni e o
pos pe iole apezoidal wi h s aigh en al ma gin and
den i o m pos pe iola p ocess. Gas e o oid. In do sal
iew, pe iole sligh ly na owe an e io ly, b oade han
long; pos pe iole ec angula wi h ounded an e ola e -
al co ne s; gas e an e io ma gin conca e wi h dis inc
an e ola e al co ne s. Sculp u e. Mandibles smoo h and
shining excep o wo longi udinal basal pi s; clypeus
smoo h. An ennal scapes smoo h, excep o pili e ous
punc a. Head densely longi udinally ugo e icula e, wi h
punc a e in e ugal spaces; la e o en al a eas smoo h.
P ono al sides wi h pos e io ly oblique ugae (no con in-
uous wi h mesopleu al and p opodeal ugae). P opodeum
wi h coa se longi udinal ugae ex ending o ans e se
in e -spinal ca ina; single sho median ca ina pos e io
o spines. Pe iole and pos pe iole wi h sho longi udinal
ugae. Gas al e gi e I wi h ain basola e al s iae- e icu-
la ion, o he wise smoo h. Pilosi y. Body densely co e ed
wi h long e ec hai s; pubescence es ic ed o an ennal
club. Colo a ion. Mandibles, on al lobes, an ennae,
and legs yellowish-b own o eddish-b own. Head, me-
sosoma, pe iole, and pos pe iole black. Gas e black wi h
na ow midla e al a ea yellow-b own bands and segmen-
al pos e io ma gins.
E ymology. The speci ic epi he “subuncina a” is de-
i ed om he La in p e ix “sub- “ (meaning “somewha ”
o “sligh ly”) combined wi h “uncina us” (“hooked”), e-
e ing o he weakly up u ned p opodeal spines ha dis-
inguish his species. The name e lec s he cha ac e is ic
sub ly cu ed p opodeal spines, which is in e media e
be ween he s ongly hooked spines o some congene s
(e.g., M. hamula) and he weakly hooked spines o some
congene s (e.g., M. e uga om Aus alasia).
Dis ibu ion. Hainan.
My mecina aiwana Te ayama, 1985
Fig. 54
My mecina aiwana Te ayama, 1985: 38, igs 6–10 (w.q.) TAIWAN.
Ma e ial examined. High- esolu ion images o he pa a-
ype ((h ps://www.an web.o g, CASENT0901731, Will
Figu e 52. Line d awing o My mecina s igis ( ed awn a e he SEM pho og aphs o Lin and Wu 1998). A. Head in ull- ace iew;
B. Body in do sal iew; C. Body in la e al iew.
dez.penso .ne
Zhuojian Gu e al.: My mecina o Fo micidae in China: axonomy & 11 new species
444
E icson) we e e iewed. Non- ype. • 1 wo ke , Jiuwan-
shan, Guangxi, China, 25.0580°N, 108.7435°E, second-
a y o es , lea li e , 550 m, 30.VIII.2001, Shanyi Zhou,
GXNU0014321; • 1 wo ke , Jingshi, Guangxi, China,
25.7452°N, 110.2936°E, 320 m, seconda y o es , lea
li e , 09.VII.1999, Shanyi Zhou, GXNU003721.
Figu e 53. My mecina subuncina a Gu & Chen, sp. no . A. P opodeal spines in la e al iew; B. Head in ull- ace iew; C. Body in
do sal iew; D. Body in la e al iew.
D sch. En omol. Z. 72 (2) 2025, 395–448
dez.penso .ne
445
Diagnos ic ea u es. (1) An ennae 12-segmen ed;
(2) median po ion o occipi al ma gin s aigh , wi h-
ou a median den icle; (3) la e al po ions o clypeus
aised in o a sha p idge, connec ed o he on idge
o he an ennal o ulus; (4) pos pe iole wi h an e io
po ion nea ly as wide as pos e io in do sal iew; (5)
mesosomal do sum wi h i egula longi udinal ugae;
(6) gas al e gi e I smoo h and shining; (7) p opodeal
Figu e 54. My mecina aiwana, pa a ype wo ke (h ps://www.an web.o g, CASENT0901731, pho og aphed by Will E icson).
A. Head in ull- ace iew; B. Label o pa a ype; C. Body in do sal iew; D. Body in la e al iew.
dez.penso .ne
Zhuojian Gu e al.: My mecina o Fo micidae in China: axonomy & 11 new species
446
spines elonga e, leng h > 1.5 imes basal wid h, apex
sligh ly up u ned in la e al iew.
Dis ibu ion. Guangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan.
Discussion
The p esen s udy signi ican ly expands ou unde s and-
ing o My mecina di e si y in China, documen ing 28
species (including 11 new species) and p o iding he
i s comp ehensi e axonomic e iew o he genus.
Ou indings highligh pe sis en axonomic challeng-
es ha equi e u he in es iga ion. Below, we discuss
he implica ions o ou esul s in he con ex o b oad-
e my mecological esea ch: (1) he genus My mecina
exhibi s ema kable mo phological a ia ion in China,
pa icula ly in clypeal s uc u e (e.g., p esence o ab-
sence o median den icles, la e al idges), p opodeal
spine mo phology (e.g., hooked in M. hamula, up u ned
in M. subuncina a Gu & Chen, sp. no .), sculp u ing pa -
e ns (e.g., e icula e in M. jiachengi Gu & Chen, sp.
no ., ugose in M. ugosodo sum Gu & Chen, sp. no .,
smoo h in M. lae ido sa Gu & Chen, sp. no .), an ennal
segmen a ion (e.g., M. pauca is he only Chinese species
wi h 11-segmen ed an ennae, a a e ai in he genus);
(2) ou s udy con i ms ha China se es as a biodi e -
si y ho spo o My mecina, wi h 28 species eco ded
o da e, mo e han any o he coun y in he egion (by
compa ison, Vie nam cu en ly eco ds 6 species, Thai-
land 4, Malaysia 5, and Indonesia 5). The high di e si-
y in sou he n China (especially Yunnan, Guangxi, and
Hainan) likely e lec s he egion’s complex opog aphy,
clima ic he e ogenei y, and posi ion a he in e ace o
he Palea c ic and O ien al biogeog aphic ealms; (3)
eco ds o M. s ia a in China a e dubious. The o iginal
desc ip ion by Eme y (1889) lacks diagnos ic cla i y,
and no e i ied specimens ma ch he ype ma e ial om
Myanma . Chinese eco ds may ep esen misiden i ied
o undesc ibed axa; (4) cu en delimi a ions o My -
mecina species es almos exclusi ely on mo phology,
a p ac ice ha easily con uses in aspeci ic a ia ion
wi h in e speci ic di e ences. Robus species bounda -
ies can only be es ablished h ough in eg a i e da ase s:
UCE phylogenomics has al eady esol ed he deep e-
la ionships o he ec ahe e omo ph an s (Camacho e
al. 2022), and a compa able genomic eassessmen o
he amphi opical New Wo ld genus Do ymy mex has
e-de ined i s species limi s (Obe ski 2022). A simila
combina ion o phylogenomics and cu icula -hyd oca -
bon p o iling is now equi ed o es he alidi y o he
mo phology-based species wi hin Chinese My mecina;
(5) se e al newly desc ibed species (M. hi su a Gu &
Chen, sp. no ., M. globicephala Gu & Chen, sp. no .,
M. shanyii Gu & Chen, sp. no .) a e known om sin-
gle locali ies, ende ing hem ulne able o habi a loss.
Gi en he ole o My mecina in soil ecosys ems (e.g.,
p eda ion on o iba id mi es), hei decline could dis up
nu ien cycling. We ecommend a ge ed su eys in
unde s udied egions (e.g., Sichuan, Fujian) and gene ic
ba coding o ype specimens o cla i y axonomic un-
ce ain ies. This s udy es ablishes a comp ehensi e ax-
onomic amewo k o My mecina in China, bu much
wo k emains. Fu u e esea ch should p io i ize in eg a-
i e axonomy and biogeog aphic modeling o un a el
he e olu iona y his o y o his enigma ic genus.
Acknowledgemen s
This s udy was inancially suppo ed by he Na ional
Na u al Science Founda ion o China (No. 32360127),
he Na ional Animal Collec ion Resou ce Cen e o Chi-
na, he Na u al Science Founda ion o Guangxi (No.
2025GXNSFBA069504), he Key Labo a o y o Ecology
o Ra e and Endange ed Species and En i onmen al P o-
ec ion (Guangxi No mal Uni e si y), Minis y o Edu-
ca ion, and he Guangxi Key Labo a o y o Ra e and En-
dange ed Animal Ecology (Guangxi No mal Uni e si y).
We since ely ex end ou g a i ude o P o esso Zhenghui
Xu (Sou hwes Fo es y Uni e si y, China) and Alice
Laciny, PhD (Na u al His o y Museum Vienna, Aus ia)
o hei cons uc i e eedback. We a e also deeply in-
deb ed o he ollowing indi iduals o hei in aluable
assis ance in specimen collec ion (lis ed alphabe ically by
su name): De u Chen, Benan Zhang, Chunxuan Luo, Ji-
acheng Zhang, Shanyi Zhou, Shixu Sun, Xiaoyun Liang,
Yanping Wu, and Yuhao Zhao.
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