Co esponding au ho : Sameeah Mejbel Hamad Algenabi
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion Liscense 4.0.
Ana omical S udy o u e ine ce ix dimensions ela ed wi h deli e y ways
Sameeah Mejbel Hamad Algenabi *
Depa men o human ana omy, College o medicine, Uni e si y o Anba ,31002-Anba -Ramadi.
GSC Biological and Pha maceu ical Sciences, 2025, 32(03), 243-245
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 09 Augus 2025; e ised on 20 Sep embe 2025; accep ed on 23 Sep embe 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/gscbps.2025.32.3.0361
Abs ac
In oduc ion: U e ine ce ix is impo an pa o emale ep oduc i e sys em, because i s ole in main enance o
p egnancy un il deli e y, his pa unde go o ana omical changes in i s dimen ion ela ed wi h ecu en aginal
deli e ies.
Aim o s udy: Compa a i e s udy o u e ine ce ix dimensions be ween aginal deli e y women g oup and non aginal
deli e y g oup.
Me hods: Samples we e ob ained om cada e ic women a e ake pe mission and li e his o y om hei amilies, and
di ided in o wo g oups, g oup (A) non p e ious aginal deli e y, and g oup(B) p e ious aginal deli e y and ake he
measu emen s o each sample.
Resul : Mac oscopic obse a ion eco ded di e ences be ween non p e ious aginal deli e y g oup (A) and p e ious
aginal deli e y g oup (B) in u e ine ce ix dimension, g oup (B) e ealed inc eases in (leng h, wid h and hickness)
compa e wi h g oup (A) due o e ec o ecu en aginal deli e ies.
Conclusion: U e ine ce ix is a ec ed by mechanical, physiological, and ho monal s a e. F equen o aginal deli e y
a e play ole in changes o pa ame e s o u e ine ce ix.
Keywo d: Ana omical measu ing; U e ine ce ix; Deli e y ways; Numbe o bi h
1. In oduc ion
The ca i y o u e us is connec ed o he agina by ib omuscula o gan called U e ine ce ix(1). Ha e a cylind ical and
appea ex end in o he uppe pa o he an e io wall o agina(2). The ce ix has nume ous unc ions, one o he mos
impo an ole occu ing in p egnancy h ough keeping o he de eloping e us wi hin he u e us un il ime o bi h.
When he childbi h began, he ce ix become mo e ipening, so ness and e acemen o acili a ing he child’s passage.
The lexibili y o ce ix due o na u e o he sub epi helial s oma, which con ain ib oblas , myo ib oblas and ib ocy es
(dend i ic in e s i ial cell)(3). This o gan play majo ole du ing bi h. A p egnancy, he ce ix play impo an ole in
main enance o e us de elopmen h ough i mly closed so p o ide sa e y s a e o comple e he p egnancy. Towa ds
o deli e y he ce ix become sho ness, lexible and dila ed o p epa e o deli e y and ease o passage o e us. Any
p oblems in ce ix may lead o inc ease he iskiness o p ema u e bi h, and e ec o p egnancy a e.(4)
1.1. The gaol o he s udy
The s udy aims o assess he a iances o human u e ine ce ix pa ame e s ep oduc i e age women and e ec o
numbe o aginal deli e ies on u e ine ce ix dimensions.
GSC Biological and Pha maceu ical Sciences, 2025, 32(03), 243-245
244
2. Me hods
Twen y samples o u e ine ce ix we e collec ed om esh human cada e s, whose dea h wi h na u al causes and ages
anging om (20-40) yea s we e aken om he Fo ensic Medicine ins i u e in Baghdad and Anba Go e no a es du ing
he pe iod ex ended om Janua y 2022 o June 2023 The samples di ided in o wo g oups included G oup A( No-
p e ious aginal deli e y), and G oup B (P e ious aginal deli e y mo e han wice) The ce ix was emo e om he
body o u e us and ake he dimension leng h, wid h and wall hickness using slide calipe g adua ed in cm.
2.1. S a is ical analysis
S a is ical analysis was conduc ed using co ela ion analysis and (ANOVA) es s o de e mine he signi icance o
a ia ion among he s udy g oups. The quan i a i e ou comes we e gi en as means ± s anda d de ia ion. We compa ed
he di e ence in means by Pai ed sample - es be ween g oups Pea son co ela ion es . These s a is ical es s we e
ca ied ou using a s a is ical p og am unde he sys ems SPSS and Mic oso Excel XP.
3. Resul s
The ou comes we e eco ded in he p esen s udy he u e ine ce ix pa ame e (leng h, wid h and wall hickness) in
g oup A (23.99±2.12, 21.87±2.91, 11.35±1.61) while he pa ame e in g oup B(26.24±4.27, 23.91±3.19,
12.50±3.76) Respec i ely. This esul e ealed he changes in he u e ine ce ix pa ame e s in women g oup A and
g oup B. he esul s which eco ded inc ease in he leng h, wid h and wall hickness ela ed wi h physiological s a e and
wi h inc ease o numbe o bi h.
Table 1 The measu emen o u e ine ce ix pa ame e s ela ed wi h pa i y s a us
Obs e ic his o y
“Leng h/cm Mean
±SD
“Wid h/cm Mean
±SD
Thickness/mm Mean
±SD
G oup (A) No p e ious aginal
deli e ies(NPVD)
23.99±2.12
21.87±2.91
11.35±1.61
G oup(B) p e ious aginal deli e ies(
PVD
26.24±4.27
23.91±3.19
12.50±3.76
4. Discussion
The impo an pa o emale ep oduc i e sys em is u e ine ce ix which is a dense ib ous o gan ha is loca ed a end
o he emale u e us. I has in e nal OS p o ides he si e o connec ion be ween he ce ix and body o u e us. The o gan
has a cylind ical shape mainly, bu also may appea as conical and ba el shaped. The ypical leng h o no mal human
ce ix is abou 2.5-3 cm. The diame e o i s an e opos e io is abou 2-2.5 cm, he la e al diame e abou 2.5-3 cm. This
di e ence is due o he ce ical canal shape, which in he sagi al plane is s aigh , and in he on al plane, spindle
shaped. The ce ix wall abou 1 cm(5). This o gan ha e impo an ole in main enance o p egnancy and acili a e he
deli e y a bi h e m. The P esen s udy eco ded he pa ame e s o ce ix in equen aginal deli e ies women la ge
han he Non aginal deli e ies women his inding ag ee wi h Helen &Lindsey(6). The changes in he ce ix pa ame e s
due o changes in composi ion o i s s uc u e and al e a ion o mechanical cha ac e ized o ce ical s oma and a ec ed
by ho monal changes. A ime o deli e y and unde in luences o u e ine con ac ion he ce ix is dila e o acili a e
passage o e us. An insu iciency o ce ix can lead o p e e m deli e y and causes ex emely p ema u e bi h(7). The
na u al composi ion o ce ix issue included ype I and ype III collagen(8), hyalu onan and p o eoglycans(9), elas in(10)
and wa e .
Lu a(11) indica ed ha in he non aginal deli e ies women, he ce ix is cylind ical, amoun ing o some 2 . 5-3cm in
leng h, and 2-2.5cm in diame e and i is eco ded inc ease in size due o o equen o aginal deli e ies women, so
hei pa ame e s depend on, he numbe o p e ious aginal bi hs, hese inding ag ee wi h ou inding.
In p esen s udy e ealed changes in ce ix dimension ela ed wi h numbe o aginal bi h. The highes mean o leng h
, wid h and hickness we e eco ded a aginal bi h women g oups(26.24±4.27),( 23.91±3.19),( 12.50±3.76)
espec i ely and he lowes mean we e eco ded a non- aginal bi h women g oup(23.99±3.35),( 21.87±2.91),(
11.35±1.61) espec i ely, g oups (Table1).
GSC Biological and Pha maceu ical Sciences, 2025, 32(03), 243-245
245
5. Conclusion
P esen s udy was concluded, ha he e ec o mul i-pa ous by aginal way on s uc u e o ce ix and i s measu es. The
esul ob ain om his s udy e e ed ha inc ease numbe o aginal deli e y causes inc ease in ce ix dimensions
compa e wi h non- aginal bi h.
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
No con lic o in e es o be disclosed.
S a emen o e hical app o al
E hical app o al was done
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