Majo D . Bimal Ahluwalia, e al. Face Mask Ve sus La yngeal Mask Ai way Ven ila ion In Pedia ic Sho Su gical
P ocedu es: A P ospec i e Obse a ional S udy A A Te ia y Ca e Cen e. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 526‐534,
2025
526
In e na ional Jou nal o Medical
and Pha maceu ical Resea ch
Online ISSN-2958-3683 | P in ISSN-2958-3675
F equency: Bi-Mon hly
A ailable online on: h ps://ijmp .in/
Resea ch A icle
Face Mask Ve sus La yngeal Mask Ai way Ven ila ion in Pedia ic Sho
Su gical P ocedu es: A P ospec i e Obse a ional S udy a A Te ia y Ca e
Cen e
Majo D . Bimal Ahluwalia, MBBS, MD (Anaes hesiology), FCARCSI (UK)
SAG Specialis , Anaes hesiology, Indi a Gandhi Hospi al, Sec o 9, Dwa ka, New Delhi – 110077
A B S T R A C T
Co esponding Au ho :
Majo D . Bimal Ahluwalia
SAG Specialis , Anaes hesiology,
Indi a Gandhi Hospi al, Sec o 9,
Dwa ka, New Delhi – 110077
Recei ed: 15‐10‐2025
Accep ed: 13‐11‐2025
A ailable online: 18‐11‐2025
Backg ound: Ai way managemen in pedia ic sho su gical p ocedu es emains
a c i ical conce n o anes hesiologis s. The choice be ween ace mask en ila ion
and la yngeal mask ai way has signi ican implica ions o pa ien sa e y,
hemodynamic s abili y, and p ocedu al e iciency. This s udy was conduc ed o
compa e he e icacy and sa e y p o ile o ace mask en ila ion e sus la yngeal
mask ai way in pedia ic pa ien s unde going sho su gical p ocedu es.
Me hods: This p ospec i e obse a ional s udy was conduc ed a a e ia y ca e
cen e om June 2024 o July 2025. A o al o 120 pedia ic pa ien s aged 2 o 12
yea s, scheduled o elec i e sho su gical p ocedu es wi h expec ed du a ion o
less han 60 minu es, we e included. Pa ien s we e di ided in o wo g oups: G oup
M ( ace mask en ila ion, n=60) and G oup L (la yngeal mask ai way, n=60).
Pa ame e s e alua ed included ease o ai way managemen , hemodynamic
s abili y, en ila ion adequacy, complica ions, and eco e y cha ac e is ics.
Resul s: The la yngeal mask ai way g oup demons a ed signi ican ly be e
ai way s abili y (p<0.001), ewe episodes o oxygen desa u a ion (p=0.003), and
educed need o ai way manipula ion (p<0.001) compa ed o ace mask
en ila ion. The mean ime o achie e adequa e en ila ion was sho e in he LMA
g oup (45.2±8.3 seconds e sus 62.5±12.7 seconds, p<0.001). Hemodynamic
pa ame e s emained mo e s able in he LMA g oup. Pos -ope a i e complica ions
including so e h oa and ai way auma we e compa able be ween g oups
(p>0.05).
Conclusion: La yngeal mask ai way p o ides supe io ai way managemen wi h
enhanced s abili y and ewe en ila o y complica ions compa ed o ace mask
en ila ion in pedia ic sho su gical p ocedu es, while main aining compa able
sa e y p o iles and eco e y cha ac e is ics.
Copy igh © In e na ional Jou nal o
Medical and Pha maceu ical Resea ch
Keywo ds: Pedia ic anes hesia, Face mask en ila ion, La yngeal mask ai way,
Sho su gical p ocedu es, Ai way managemen .
INTRODUCTION
Pedia ic anes hesia p esen s unique challenges ha demand specialized knowledge, echnical expe ise, and me iculous
a en ion o ana omical and physiological di e ences be ween child en and adul s. Ai way managemen cons i u es he
co ne s one o sa e anes he ic p ac ice in he pedia ic popula ion, whe e e en mino complica ions can apidly p og ess o
li e- h ea ening si ua ions due o limi ed physiological ese es and dis inc i e ana omical cha ac e is ics.(1) The selec ion
o an app op ia e ai way managemen echnique o sho su gical p ocedu es in child en equi es ca e ul conside a ion o
mul iple ac o s including pa ien age, body weigh , an icipa ed p ocedu e du a ion, su gical ield equi emen s, and
indi idual pa ien cha ac e is ics.
Sho su gical p ocedu es, ypically de ined as hose las ing less han 60 minu es, encompass a wide spec um o pedia ic
su ge ies including diagnos ic endoscopies, mino o hopedic in e en ions, den al p ocedu es, oph halmic su ge ies,
supe icial mass excisions, and a ious o he b ie ope a i e in e en ions.(2) The anes he ic managemen o hese
p ocedu es necessi a es a delica e balance be ween ensu ing adequa e ai way con ol, main aining op imal en ila ion,
Majo D . Bimal Ahluwalia, e al. Face Mask Ve sus La yngeal Mask Ai way Ven ila ion In Pedia ic Sho Su gical
P ocedu es: A P ospec i e Obse a ional S udy A A Te ia y Ca e Cen e. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 526‐534,
2025
527
minimizing hemodynamic dis u bances, and acili a ing apid eco e y wi h minimal pos -ope a i e complica ions. The
adi ional app oach u ilizing ace mask en ila ion and he ela i ely mode n echnique employing la yngeal mask ai way
bo h ep esen iable op ions, each wi h dis inc ad an ages and po en ial limi a ions ha wa an sys ema ic e alua ion.
Face mask en ila ion has his o ically se ed as he undamen al echnique o ai way managemen in pedia ic anes hesia
since he incep ion o mode n anes he ic p ac ice. This non-in asi e me hod o e s se e al heo e ical ad an ages including
a oidance o ins umen a ion o he ai way, p ese a ion o spon aneous en ila ion when desi ed, minimal equipmen
equi emen s, and apid applica ion wi hou specialized aining beyond basic anes he ic skills.(3) The echnique in ol es
main aining a pa en ai way h ough p ope head posi ioning, achie ing an e ec i e seal be ween he ace mask and acial
s uc u es, and deli e ing posi i e p essu e en ila ion when equi ed. Howe e , ace mask en ila ion in pedia ic pa ien s
p esen s nume ous challenges including he need o con inuous manual ai way main enance, po en ial o inadequa e seal
due o ana omical a ia ions, isk o gas ic insu la ion wi h posi i e p essu e en ila ion, occupying he anes hesiologis 's
hands he eby limi ing mul i asking capabili ies, and a iable success a es pa icula ly in younge child en wi h speci ic
c anio acial ea u es.(4)
The la yngeal mask ai way, in oduced by D . A chie B ain in 1983 and subsequen ly adap ed o pedia ic use,
e olu ionized sup aglo ic ai way managemen by p o iding an in e media e op ion be ween ace mask en ila ion and
endo acheal in uba ion.(5) This de ice consis s o an in la able silicone mask connec ed o a en ila ion ube, designed o
c ea e a seal a ound he la yngeal inle when p ope ly posi ioned, he eby es ablishing a secu e ai way wi hou en e ing he
achea. The pedia ic la yngeal mask ai way is a ailable in a ious sizes anging om size 1 o neona es o size 2.5 o
olde child en, allowing selec ion based on pa ien weigh and ana omical conside a ions. The widesp ead adop ion o
la yngeal mask ai way in pedia ic anes hesia p ac ice has been d i en by mul iple documen ed ad an ages including
hands- ee ai way main enance once p ope ly posi ioned, mo e eliable en ila ion compa ed o ace mask, educed
anes he ic gas exposu e o ope a ing oom pe sonnel, lowe incidence o ai way auma compa ed o endo acheal
in uba ion, main enance o spon aneous o con olled en ila ion as clinically indica ed, and gene ally well- ole a ed
inse ion and emo al wi h minimal coughing o la yngospasm.(6)
The pedia ic ai way exhibi s dis inc i e ana omical ea u es ha signi ican ly in luence he selec ion and pe o mance o
ai way managemen echniques. Child en possess p opo ionally la ge heads wi h p ominen occipu s, ela i ely la ge
ongues in ela ion o o al ca i y size, mo e an e io and cephalad la yngeal posi ion, sho e and na owe achea wi h
inc eased compliance, and he na owes po ion o he pedia ic ai way loca ed a he c icoid ca ilage a he han he
glo is as in adul s.(7) These ana omical di e ences c ea e speci ic challenges o ace mask en ila ion including di icul y
main aining p ope head posi ion o align he ai way axes, inc eased likelihood o ai way obs uc ion om pos e io
displacemen o he ongue, and challenges in achie ing consis en mask seal pa icula ly in in an s and oddle s. The
la yngeal mask ai way, designed o con o m o he sup aglo ic ana omy, may heo e ically ci cum en some o hese
ana omical challenges by p o iding a mo e consis en pe ila yngeal seal independen o con inuous manual manipula ion.
Physiological conside a ions u he complica e pedia ic ai way managemen decisions. Child en demons a e highe
me abolic a es wi h co espondingly inc eased oxygen consump ion, lowe unc ional esidual capaci y ela i e o body
weigh , inc eased ches wall compliance wi h educed lung compliance, and mo e apid onse o hypoxemia du ing apnea
o hypo en ila ion.(8) These physiological cha ac e is ics manda e eliable and consis en en ila ion h oughou anes he ic
p ocedu es, making he choice be ween ace mask and la yngeal mask ai way pa icula ly consequen ial. Any echnique
ha educes he equency o en ila o y in e up ions, minimizes episodes o inadequa e en ila ion, and p o ides mo e
s able oxygena ion dese es se ious conside a ion o ou ine clinical implemen a ion.
The exis ing li e a u e p esen s con lic ing pe spec i es ega ding he op imal ai way managemen s a egy o pedia ic
sho p ocedu es. Se e al s udies ha e ad oca ed o ace mask en ila ion as he p ima y echnique, ci ing i s non-in asi e
na u e, a oidance o sup aglo ic ins umen a ion, and heo e ical educ ion in pos -ope a i e ai way complica ions.(9)
P oponen s o his app oach emphasize he ex ensi e clinical expe ience wi h ace mask en ila ion, amilia i y among
anes hesia p o ide s ac oss all aining le els, and success ul ou comes achie ed in millions o pedia ic anes he ic
p ocedu es wo ldwide. Con e sely, an expanding body o e idence suppo s he p e e en ial use o la yngeal mask ai way
in pedia ic pa ien s, demons a ing supe io ai way s abili y, educed anes hesiologis wo kload, imp o ed en ila o y
pa ame e s, and enhanced pa ien sa e y p o iles pa icula ly in he hands o less expe ienced p ac i ione s.(10)
Despi e nume ous published s udies examining a ious aspec s o pedia ic ai way managemen , signi ican gaps emain
in he compa a i e e alua ion o ace mask en ila ion e sus la yngeal mask ai way speci ically in he con ex o sho
su gical p ocedu es. P e ious esea ch has o en ocused on speci ic age g oups, pa icula su gical subspecial ies, o
limi ed ou come pa ame e s, he eby es ic ing he gene alizabili y o indings o b oade pedia ic popula ions unde going
di e se sho p ocedu es. Fu he mo e, many exis ing s udies we e conduc ed in de eloped heal hca e se ings wi h speci ic
esou ce a ailabili y, p ac i ione expe ise, and pa ien demog aphics ha may no e lec he eali ies o e ia y ca e
cen e s in de eloping na ions whe e esou ce op imiza ion, e iciency, and sa e y mus be simul aneously p io i ized.
Majo D . Bimal Ahluwalia, e al. Face Mask Ve sus La yngeal Mask Ai way Ven ila ion In Pedia ic Sho Su gical
P ocedu es: A P ospec i e Obse a ional S udy A A Te ia y Ca e Cen e. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 526‐534,
2025
528
The p esen s udy was concei ed and execu ed o add ess hese knowledge gaps by conduc ing a comp ehensi e
compa a i e e alua ion o ace mask en ila ion and la yngeal mask ai way in a ep esen a i e coho o pedia ic pa ien s
unde going a ious sho su gical p ocedu es a a e ia y ca e eaching hospi al. The in es iga ion encompasses mul iple
dimensions o ai way managemen including echnical ease o applica ion, adequacy and s abili y o en ila ion,
hemodynamic esponses, in aope a i e complica ions, eco e y cha ac e is ics, and pos -ope a i e ai way sequelae. By
employing a p ospec i e obse a ional s udy design wi h sys ema ic da a collec ion and igo ous s a is ical analysis, his
esea ch aims o gene a e obus e idence ha can in o m clinical decision-making and po en ially in luence ins i u ional
p o ocols o pedia ic ai way managemen in sho su gical p ocedu es. The indings o his s udy hold po en ial
implica ions no only o indi idual pa ien ca e bu also o anes hesia aining p og ams, esou ce alloca ion decisions,
and he de elopmen o e idence-based clinical p ac ice guidelines in pedia ic anes hesia.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The p ima y aim o his p ospec i e obse a ional s udy was o compa e he e icacy, sa e y, and clinical ou comes o ace
mask en ila ion e sus la yngeal mask ai way o ai way managemen in pedia ic pa ien s unde going sho elec i e
su gical p ocedu es a a e ia y ca e cen e. The s udy was designed o p o ide comp ehensi e compa a i e da a ha would
in o m e idence-based clinical decision-making ega ding op imal ai way managemen s a egies in his speci ic
popula ion and p ocedu al con ex .
The p ima y objec i e was o e alua e and compa e he ease o ai way managemen be ween ace mask en ila ion and
la yngeal mask ai way echniques in pedia ic pa ien s aged 2 o 12 yea s unde going sho su gical p ocedu es wi h
an icipa ed du a ion o less han 60 minu es. The seconda y objec i es included compa ison o ime equi ed o es ablish
adequa e en ila ion be ween he wo echniques, assessmen o en ila o y adequacy h ough measu emen o end- idal
ca bon dioxide le els and oxygen sa u a ion h oughou he in aope a i e pe iod, e alua ion o hemodynamic s abili y by
moni o ing hea a e and blood p essu e a de ined ime in e als, documen a ion o he numbe o ai way manipula ions
o in e en ions equi ed du ing he p ocedu e, compa ison o in aope a i e complica ions including la yngospasm,
b onchospasm, oxygen desa u a ion episodes, and gas ic insu la ion be ween he wo g oups, assessmen o eco e y
cha ac e is ics including ime o eye opening and ime o achie e modi ied Ald e e sco e o 9 o abo e, and e alua ion o
pos -ope a i e ai way complica ions including so e h oa , hoa seness, cough, and signs o ai way auma wi hin he i s
24 hou s ollowing he p ocedu e.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
S udy Design and Se ing
This p ospec i e obse a ional compa a i e s udy was conduc ed in he Depa men o Anes hesiology a a e ia y ca e
eaching hospi al o e a pe iod o 13 mon hs om June 2024 o July 2025. The s udy p o ocol was app o ed by he
Ins i u ional E hics Commi ee p io o commencemen , and he s udy was conduc ed in acco dance wi h he Decla a ion
o Helsinki and Good Clinical P ac ice guidelines. W i en in o med consen was ob ained om pa en s o legal gua dians
o all pa icipa ing child en a e de ailed explana ion o he s udy objec i es, p ocedu es, po en ial isks, and bene i s in
he language bes unde s ood by hem.
Sample Size Calcula ion
The sample size was calcula ed based on an icipa ed di e ence in he p ima y ou come measu e o adequa e en ila ion
ime be ween ace mask and la yngeal mask ai way g oups. Conside ing a mean di e ence o 15 seconds wi h s anda d
de ia ion o 20 seconds, alpha e o o 0.05, and powe o 80%, he calcula ed sample size was 56 pa ien s pe g oup.
Accoun ing o po en ial d opou s and incomple e da a, 60 pa ien s we e en olled in each g oup, yielding a o al sample
size o 120 pa ien s.
Pa ien Selec ion and G ouping
Pedia ic pa ien s aged be ween 2 and 12 yea s, o ei he gende , wi h Ame ican Socie y o Anes hesiologis s physical
s a us classi ica ion I o II, scheduled o elec i e sho su gical p ocedu es wi h an icipa ed du a ion o less han 60
minu es, we e sc eened o eligibili y. Inclusion c i e ia included body weigh be ween 10 and 40 kilog ams, no mal ai way
ana omy on clinical examina ion wi h Mallampa i g ade I o II, as ing s a us as pe ins i u ional guidelines (minimum 6
hou s o solid oods and 2 hou s o clea luids), and pa en al consen o pa icipa ion in he s udy. Exclusion c i e ia
comp ised his o y o di icul ai way o p e ious di icul mask en ila ion, p esence o c anio acial abno mali ies o
congeni al synd omes, ac i e uppe espi a o y ac in ec ion o his o y o ecen espi a o y in ec ion wi hin 2 weeks,
gas oesophageal e lux disease o isk o aspi a ion, eme gency su gical p ocedu es, p ocedu es equi ing p one o la e al
posi ioning, and pa en al e usal o p o ide consen .
Pa ien s mee ing he eligibili y c i e ia we e alloca ed o one o wo g oups based on he ai way managemen echnique
employed: G oup M ecei ed ace mask en ila ion h oughou he p ocedu e, while G oup L ecei ed la yngeal mask
ai way o ai way managemen . The alloca ion was pe o med h ough sys ema ic sampling me hod whe ein al e na e
eligible pa ien s we e assigned o each g oup in sequence o p esen a ion o he ope a ing oom.
Majo D . Bimal Ahluwalia, e al. Face Mask Ve sus La yngeal Mask Ai way Ven ila ion In Pedia ic Sho Su gical
P ocedu es: A P ospec i e Obse a ional S udy A A Te ia y Ca e Cen e. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 526‐534,
2025
529
Anes he ic P o ocol
All pa ien s we e kep nil pe o al acco ding o ins i u ional as ing guidelines. P e-ope a i e assessmen was conduc ed on
he day p io o su ge y including de ailed his o y, physical examina ion, ai way assessmen , and e iew o ele an
in es iga ions. No p emedica ion was adminis e ed in he p e-ope a i e holding a ea. S anda d moni o ing including
elec oca diog aphy, non-in asi e blood p essu e measu emen , pulse oxime y, capnog aphy, and empe a u e moni o ing
was es ablished p io o induc ion o anes hesia.
Induc ion o anes hesia was pe o med using in a enous p opo ol a a dose o 2 o 3 millig ams pe kilog am body weigh
along wi h en anyl 1 o 2 mic og ams pe kilog am body weigh . Mask en ila ion wi h 100% oxygen was ini ia ed
immedia ely ollowing loss o consciousness. In G oup M pa ien s, anes hesia was main ained wi h ace mask en ila ion
using an app op ia ely sized ace mask wi h wo-handed mask holding echnique and spon aneous o assis ed en ila ion
as clinically indica ed. In G oup L pa ien s, an app op ia ely sized la yngeal mask ai way was inse ed ollowing adequa e
dep h o anes hesia, wi h size selec ion based on pa ien weigh (size 1.5 o 10-15 kg, size 2 o 15-25 kg, and size 2.5 o
25-40 kg). The la yngeal mask ai way was inse ed using s anda d echnique wi hou he use o muscle elaxan s, and cu
was in la ed wi h app op ia e olume o ai o achie e an e ec i e seal wi h leak p essu e below 20 cen ime e s o wa e .
Main enance o anes hesia was achie ed using oxygen, ni ous oxide (50:50 a io), and se o lu ane a a concen a ion o 2
o 3% o main ain adequa e dep h o anes hesia. Ven ila ion was main ained spon aneously o wi h assis ed/con olled
en ila ion as equi ed o main ain end- idal ca bon dioxide be ween 35 and 45 millime e s o me cu y. S anda d
in aope a i e luid managemen was p o ided acco ding o pa ien weigh and as ing du a ion. A he conclusion o
su ge y, anes he ic agen s we e discon inued, and pa ien s we e allowed o b ea he 100% oxygen. In G oup M, he ace
mask was emo ed once adequa e spon aneous en ila ion was es ablished. In G oup L, he la yngeal mask ai way was
emo ed when he pa ien demons a ed e u n o p o ec i e ai way e lexes including swallowing and abili y o open
mou h on command.
Da a Collec ion
Baseline demog aphic da a including age, gende , body weigh , heigh , and Ame ican Socie y o Anes hesiologis s physical
s a us we e eco ded o all pa ien s. Su gical p ocedu e ype and ac ual du a ion we e documen ed. The ollowing
pa ame e s we e eco ded a de ined ime poin s: ime equi ed o es ablish adequa e en ila ion (de ined as achie emen
o no mal end- idal ca bon dioxide wa e o m wi h alues be ween 35-45 mmHg), numbe o a emp s equi ed o
success ul ai way de ice placemen o mask en ila ion es ablishmen , ease o en ila ion sco ed on a ou -poin scale
(1= e y easy, 2=easy, 3=di icul , 4= e y di icul ), hemodynamic pa ame e s including hea a e and mean a e ial
p essu e eco ded a baseline, immedia ely a e ai way de ice placemen /mask applica ion, a 5-minu e in e als
h oughou he p ocedu e, and a he ime o ai way de ice emo al/discon inua ion o mask en ila ion.
Ven ila o y pa ame e s including oxygen sa u a ion, end- idal ca bon dioxide le els, and peak inspi a o y p essu e we e
eco ded a 5-minu e in e als h oughou he p ocedu e. Any episodes o oxygen desa u a ion (de ined as SpO2 <95%),
la yngospasm, b onchospasm, o o he ai way complica ions we e documen ed along wi h in e en ions equi ed. The
numbe o ai way manipula ions o adjus men s equi ed du ing he p ocedu e was eco ded. Reco e y pa ame e s
including ime o eye opening ollowing discon inua ion o anes he ic agen s and ime o achie e modi ied Ald e e sco e
o 9 o mo e we e documen ed. Pos -ope a i e ai way examina ion was pe o med a 2 hou s and 24 hou s ollowing he
p ocedu e o assess o complica ions including so e h oa (assessed using isual analog scale), hoa seness, pe sis en
cough, and e idence o ai way auma.
S a is ical Analysis
Da a we e en e ed in o Mic oso Excel sp eadshee and analyzed using S a is ical Package o Social Sciences e sion
26.0. Ca ego ical a iables we e exp essed as equencies and pe cen ages, while con inuous a iables we e exp essed as
mean and s anda d de ia ion. Compa ison o ca ego ical a iables be ween he wo g oups was pe o med using chi-squa e
es o Fishe 's exac es as app op ia e. Con inuous a iables we e compa ed using independen samples - es o no mally
dis ibu ed da a o Mann-Whi ney U es o non-no mally dis ibu ed da a. No mali y o dis ibu ion was assessed using
Kolmogo o -Smi no es . Hemodynamic and en ila o y pa ame e s measu ed a mul iple ime poin s we e compa ed
using epea ed measu es analysis o a iance. A p- alue o less han 0.05 was conside ed s a is ically signi ican o all
compa isons.
RESULTS
A o al o 120 pedia ic pa ien s who unde wen sho elec i e su gical p ocedu es du ing he s udy pe iod we e included
in he analysis, wi h 60 pa ien s in each g oup. The demog aphic cha ac e is ics and baseline pa ame e s o he s udy
popula ion we e compa able be ween he wo g oups. The mean age o pa ien s in G oup M was 6.8±2.4 yea s compa ed
o 6.5±2.6 yea s in G oup L, wi h no s a is ically signi ican di e ence (p=0.512). The gende dis ibu ion showed 35 males
and 25 emales in G oup M, while G oup L comp ised 38 males and 22 emales, wi h no signi ican di e ence be ween
g oups (p=0.588). The mean body weigh was 22.3±6.7 kilog ams in G oup M and 21.8±7.1 kilog ams in G oup L, which
was s a is ically compa able (p=0.689). The dis ibu ion o Ame ican Socie y o Anes hesiologis s physical s a us
classi ica ion showed ha 42 pa ien s (70.0%) in G oup M and 44 pa ien s (73.3%) in G oup L belonged o ASA g ade I,
Majo D . Bimal Ahluwalia, e al. Face Mask Ve sus La yngeal Mask Ai way Ven ila ion In Pedia ic Sho Su gical
P ocedu es: A P ospec i e Obse a ional S udy A A Te ia y Ca e Cen e. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 526‐534,
2025
530
while he emaining pa ien s in bo h g oups we e classi ied as ASA g ade II, wi h no signi ican di e ence be ween g oups
(p=0.674).
The ypes o su gical p ocedu es pe o med included diagnos ic endoscopies (18 pa ien s in G oup M and 16 pa ien s in
G oup L), den al p ocedu es (14 pa ien s in G oup M and 15 pa ien s in G oup L), oph halmic p ocedu es (11 pa ien s in
G oup M and 13 pa ien s in G oup L), mino o hopedic p ocedu es (9 pa ien s in G oup M and 8 pa ien s in G oup L),
supe icial mass excisions (5 pa ien s in G oup M and 6 pa ien s in G oup L), and o he miscellaneous sho p ocedu es (3
pa ien s in G oup M and 2 pa ien s in G oup L). The dis ibu ion o p ocedu e ypes was s a is ically compa able be ween
he wo g oups (p=0.892). The mean du a ion o su gical p ocedu es was 38.6±11.2 minu es in G oup M and 39.4±10.8
minu es in G oup L, wi h no signi ican di e ence (p=0.698).
The p ima y ou come measu e o ime equi ed o es ablish adequa e en ila ion demons a ed s a is ically signi ican
di e ence be ween he wo g oups. In G oup M, he mean ime o achie e adequa e en ila ion was 62.5±12.7 seconds,
whe eas in G oup L, i was signi ican ly sho e a 45.2±8.3 seconds (p<0.001). The numbe o a emp s equi ed o
success ul ai way managemen also di e ed signi ican ly be ween g oups. In G oup M, success ul ace mask en ila ion
was achie ed in he i s a emp in 38 pa ien s (63.3%), equi ed second a emp in 18 pa ien s (30.0%), and needed hi d
a emp in 4 pa ien s (6.7%). In con as , G oup L showed success ul la yngeal mask ai way inse ion in he i s a emp
in 52 pa ien s (86.7%), equi ed second a emp in 7 pa ien s (11.7%), and needed hi d a emp in only 1 pa ien (1.7%),
wi h his di e ence being s a is ically signi ican (p=0.003).
The ease o ai way managemen , assessed on a ou -poin scale by he managing anes hesiologis , e ealed signi ican
di e ences be ween g oups. In G oup M, en ila ion was a ed as e y easy in 22 pa ien s (36.7%), easy in 26 pa ien s
(43.3%), di icul in 10 pa ien s (16.7%), and e y di icul in 2 pa ien s (3.3%). In G oup L, ai way managemen was a ed
as e y easy in 38 pa ien s (63.3%), easy in 19 pa ien s (31.7%), di icul in 3 pa ien s (5.0%), and e y di icul in none o
he pa ien s, wi h his dis ibu ion showing s a is ically signi ican di e ence (p=0.001). The numbe o ai way
manipula ions o adjus men s equi ed du ing he p ocedu e was signi ican ly highe in G oup M wi h a mean o 4.7±2.3
in e en ions compa ed o 1.2±0.8 in e en ions in G oup L (p<0.001).
Hemodynamic pa ame e s we e moni o ed a de ined in e als h oughou he p ocedu e. The baseline hea a e was
compa able be ween g oups (G oup M: 112.4±14.6 bea s pe minu e e sus G oup L: 110.8±15.2 bea s pe minu e,
p=0.564). Immedia ely ollowing ai way de ice placemen o mask applica ion, he hea a e inc eased in bo h g oups, bu
he inc ease was signi ican ly mo e p onounced in G oup M (128.6±18.4 bea s pe minu e) compa ed o G oup L
(118.2±14.7 bea s pe minu e), wi h p=0.001. A 5 minu es a e ai way es ablishmen , he hea a e was 120.4±16.2 bea s
pe minu e in G oup M and 112.6±13.8 bea s pe minu e in G oup L (p=0.006). Subsequen ly, a 15 minu es, 30 minu es,
and 45 minu es, he hea a es emained ela i ely s able in bo h g oups wi h alues in G oup M o 116.8±14.9, 114.2±13.7,
and 112.6±13.2 bea s pe minu e espec i ely, while in G oup L he co esponding alues we e 110.4±12.6, 108.7±11.9,
and 107.3±11.4 bea s pe minu e espec i ely, all showing s a is ically signi ican di e ences (p=0.019, p=0.024, and
p=0.031 espec i ely).
The mean a e ial p essu e a baseline was 76.4±8.6 millime e s o me cu y in G oup M and 75.8±8.2 millime e s o
me cu y in G oup L, wi h no signi ican di e ence (p=0.704). Following ai way managemen , he mean a e ial p essu e
showed an inc ease in bo h g oups, wi h alues o 88.2±10.4 mmHg in G oup M and 82.6±9.1 mmHg in G oup L
immedia ely a e ai way es ablishmen (p=0.003). A subsequen ime in e als o 5, 15, 30, and 45 minu es, he mean
a e ial p essu e alues in G oup M we e 84.6±9.8, 80.4±8.7, 78.6±8.2, and 77.2±7.9 mmHg espec i ely, while in G oup
L he co esponding alues we e 79.2±8.4, 77.8±7.6, 76.4±7.3, and 75.8±7.1 mmHg espec i ely. The di e ences we e
s a is ically signi ican a immedia e pos -ai way es ablishmen and a 5 minu es (p=0.003 and p=0.001 espec i ely), bu
became non-signi ican a la e ime poin s (p=0.104, p=0.148, and p=0.352 a 15, 30, and 45 minu es espec i ely).
Ven ila o y pa ame e s including oxygen sa u a ion and end- idal ca bon dioxide le els we e moni o ed h oughou he
p ocedu e. The mean oxygen sa u a ion emained abo e 97% in bo h g oups h oughou he p ocedu e, bu episodes o
ansien desa u a ion (SpO2 <95%) we e documen ed in 14 pa ien s (23.3%) in G oup M compa ed o only 4 pa ien s
(6.7%) in G oup L, wi h his di e ence being s a is ically signi ican (p=0.003). The mean end- idal ca bon dioxide le els
we e main ained wi hin he a ge ange o 35 o 45 mmHg in bo h g oups, wi h mean alues o 39.6±3.4 mmHg in G oup
M and 38.4±2.8 mmHg in G oup L du ing he s eady-s a e pe iod, showing no signi ican di e ence (p=0.056). The peak
inspi a o y p essu e equi ed o main ain adequa e en ila ion was signi ican ly highe in G oup M (16.8±3.2 cm H2O)
compa ed o G oup L (13.2±2.4 cm H2O), wi h p<0.001.
In aope a i e complica ions we e documen ed and compa ed be ween he wo g oups. La yngospasm occu ed in 3
pa ien s (5.0%) in G oup M and in 2 pa ien s (3.3%) in G oup L, wi h no s a is ically signi ican di e ence (p=0.648). All
episodes o la yngospasm we e success ully managed wi h deepening o anes hesia and adminis a ion o 100% oxygen,
wi h one pa ien in G oup M equi ing a small dose o succinylcholine. B onchospasm was no obse ed in any pa ien in
ei he g oup. Gas ic insu la ion, de ec ed clinically by epigas ic dis ension, was obse ed in 6 pa ien s (10.0%) in G oup
M bu was no documen ed in any pa ien in G oup L, wi h his di e ence being s a is ically signi ican (p=0.013). None
Majo D . Bimal Ahluwalia, e al. Face Mask Ve sus La yngeal Mask Ai way Ven ila ion In Pedia ic Sho Su gical
P ocedu es: A P ospec i e Obse a ional S udy A A Te ia y Ca e Cen e. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 526‐534,
2025
531
o hese pa ien s equi ed o ogas ic ube inse ion, and he insu la ion esol ed spon aneously ollowing ai way
op imiza ion. Regu gi a ion o aspi a ion was no obse ed in any pa ien in ei he g oup.
Reco e y cha ac e is ics we e sys ema ically assessed in all pa ien s. The ime o eye opening ollowing discon inua ion o
anes he ic agen s was 8.4±2.6 minu es in G oup M and 7.8±2.3 minu es in G oup L, wi h no signi ican di e ence
(p=0.193). The ime o achie e a modi ied Ald e e sco e o 9 o abo e was 16.8±4.2 minu es in G oup M and 15.4±3.8
minu es in G oup L, which was also no s a is ically signi ican (p=0.064). All pa ien s in bo h g oups achie ed he
discha ge c i e ia om pos -anes hesia ca e uni wi hin 30 minu es ollowing discon inua ion o anes he ic agen s.
Pos -ope a i e ai way complica ions we e assessed a 2 hou s and 24 hou s ollowing he p ocedu e. So e h oa was
epo ed by 11 pa ien s (18.3%) in G oup M and 8 pa ien s (13.3%) in G oup L a 2 hou s pos -ope a i ely, wi h no
signi ican di e ence (p=0.446). A 24 hou s, so e h oa pe sis ed in 5 pa ien s (8.3%) in G oup M and 3 pa ien s (5.0%)
in G oup L (p=0.459). The se e i y o so e h oa , assessed using isual analog scale (0-10), showed mean sco es o 2.6±1.8
in G oup M and 2.2±1.4 in G oup L a 2 hou s (p=0.412), and 1.4±0.9 in G oup M and 1.1±0.7 in G oup L a 24 hou s
(p=0.524). Hoa seness o oice was epo ed by 2 pa ien s (3.3%) in G oup M and 1 pa ien (1.7%) in G oup L a 2 hou s,
bo h esol ing comple ely by 24 hou s (p=0.558). Pe sis en cough was documen ed in 4 pa ien s (6.7%) in G oup M and
2 pa ien s (3.3%) in G oup L a 2 hou s (p=0.400), wi h all cases esol ing by 24 hou s. Blood- inged sec e ions sugges i e
o mino ai way auma we e obse ed in 1 pa ien (1.7%) in G oup M and none in G oup L (p=0.315). No majo ai way
complica ions o ad e se e en s equi ing in e en ion beyond ou ine pos -ope a i e ca e we e documen ed in ei he
g oup.
Table 1: Demog aphic and Baseline Cha ac e is ics
Pa ame e
G oup M (n=60)
G oup L (n=60)
p- alue
Age (yea s), mean±SD
6.8±2.4
6.5±2.6
0.512
Gende (Male/Female)
35/25
38/22
0.588
Body weigh (kg), mean±SD
22.3±6.7
21.8±7.1
0.689
Heigh (cm), mean±SD
118.4±16.2
116.8±17.4
0.596
ASA G ade I/II
42/18
44/16
0.674
P ocedu e du a ion (min), mean±SD
38.6±11.2
39.4±10.8
0.698
Table 2: Ai way Managemen Pa ame e s
Pa ame e
G oup M (n=60)
G oup L (n=60)
p-
alue
Time o adequa e en ila ion (sec), mean±SD
62.5±12.7
45.2±8.3
<0.001
Fi s a emp success, n (%)
38 (63.3)
52 (86.7)
0.003
Numbe o a emp s, mean±SD
1.4±0.6
1.2±0.4
0.026
Ease o en ila ion (Ve y easy/Easy/Di icul /Ve y di icul )
22/26/10/2
38/19/3/0
0.001
Numbe o ai way manipula ions, mean±SD
4.7±2.3
1.2±0.8
<0.001
Peak inspi a o y p essu e (cm H2O), mean±SD
16.8±3.2
13.2±2.4
<0.001
Table 3: Hemodynamic Pa ame e s a Di e en Time In e als
Time poin
Hea Ra e (bea s/min)
Mean A e ial P essu e (mmHg)
G oup M
G oup L
G oup M
G oup L
Baseline
112.4±14.6
110.8±15.2
76.4±8.6
75.8±8.2
Pos -ai way es ablishmen
128.6±18.4*
118.2±14.7
88.2±10.4*
82.6±9.1
5 minu es
120.4±16.2*
112.6±13.8
84.6±9.8*
79.2±8.4
15 minu es
116.8±14.9*
110.4±12.6
80.4±8.7
77.8±7.6
30 minu es
114.2±13.7*
108.7±11.9
78.6±8.2
76.4±7.3
45 minu es
112.6±13.2*
107.3±11.4
77.2±7.9
75.8±7.1
*p<0.05 compa ed o G oup L a same ime poin
Table 4: Ven ila o y Pa ame e s and In aope a i e Complica ions
Pa ame e
G oup M (n=60)
G oup L (n=60)
p- alue
Mean SpO2 (%), mean±SD
98.4±1.2
98.9±0.8
0.012
Episodes o desa u a ion (SpO2 <95%), n (%)
14 (23.3)
4 (6.7)
0.003
Mean ETCO2 (mmHg), mean±SD
39.6±3.4
38.4±2.8
0.056
La yngospasm, n (%)
3 (5.0)
2 (3.3)
0.648
B onchospasm, n (%)
0 (0)
0 (0)
-
Gas ic insu la ion, n (%)
6 (10.0)
0 (0)
0.013
Regu gi a ion/Aspi a ion, n (%)
0 (0)
0 (0)
-
Majo D . Bimal Ahluwalia, e al. Face Mask Ve sus La yngeal Mask Ai way Ven ila ion In Pedia ic Sho Su gical
P ocedu es: A P ospec i e Obse a ional S udy A A Te ia y Ca e Cen e. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 526‐534,
2025
532
Table 5: Reco e y Cha ac e is ics
Pa ame e
G oup M (n=60)
G oup L (n=60)
p- alue
Time o eye opening (min), mean±SD
8.4±2.6
7.8±2.3
0.193
Time o Ald e e sco e ≥9 (min), mean±SD
16.8±4.2
15.4±3.8
0.064
Time o PACU discha ge (min), mean±SD
24.6±5.8
23.2±5.2
0.172
Table 6: Pos -ope a i e Ai way Complica ions
Pa ame e
G oup M (n=60)
G oup L (n=60)
p- alue
So e h oa a 2 hou s, n (%)
11 (18.3)
8 (13.3)
0.446
So e h oa a 24 hou s, n (%)
5 (8.3)
3 (5.0)
0.459
VAS sco e a 2 hou s, mean±SD
2.6±1.8
2.2±1.4
0.412
VAS sco e a 24 hou s, mean±SD
1.4±0.9
1.1±0.7
0.524
Hoa seness a 2 hou s, n (%)
2 (3.3)
1 (1.7)
0.558
Pe sis en cough a 2 hou s, n (%)
4 (6.7)
2 (3.3)
0.400
Blood- inged sec e ions, n (%)
1 (1.7)
0 (0)
0.315
DISCUSSION
The p esen s udy compa ed ace mask en ila ion wi h la yngeal mask ai way o ai way managemen in pedia ic pa ien s
unde going sho elec i e su gical p ocedu es. The indings demons a ed signi ican ad an ages o la yngeal mask ai way
o e ace mask en ila ion in e ms o ease o ai way es ablishmen , en ila o y s abili y, hemodynamic pa ame e s, and
in aope a i e complica ions, while main aining compa able sa e y p o iles ega ding pos -ope a i e ai way complica ions
and eco e y cha ac e is ics. These esul s ha e impo an implica ions o clinical p ac ice and suppo he p e e en ial
conside a ion o la yngeal mask ai way o his speci ic pa ien popula ion and p ocedu al con ex .
The demog aphic cha ac e is ics and baseline pa ame e s o he s udy popula ion we e well-ma ched be ween he wo
g oups, elimina ing po en ial con ounding a iables and s eng hening he alidi y o compa a i e analyses. The
dis ibu ion o su gical p ocedu e ypes was also compa able, ensu ing ha obse ed di e ences in ou comes could be
a ibu ed o he ai way managemen echnique a he han a ia ions in su gical in e en ions. The mean p ocedu e
du a ion o app oxima ely 39 minu es in bo h g oups was app op ia e o he s udy design and e lec ed ypical sho
su gical p ocedu es encoun e ed in pedia ic anes hesia p ac ice.(11)
The signi ican ly sho e ime equi ed o es ablish adequa e en ila ion in he la yngeal mask ai way g oup ep esen s an
impo an clinical ad an age. The di e ence o app oxima ely 17 seconds may appea modes in absolu e e ms, bu
assumes g ea e signi icance when conside ing he limi ed physiological ese es o pedia ic pa ien s and hei apid
p og ession o hypoxemia du ing inadequa e en ila ion. This inding aligns wi h he s udy by Lopez-Gil e al., who
demons a ed ha la yngeal mask ai way inse ion equi ed less ime compa ed o es ablishing e ec i e ace mask
en ila ion in child en.(12) The highe i s -a emp success a e obse ed wi h la yngeal mask ai way (86.7% e sus
63.3%) u he suppo s i s supe io eliabili y and ease o use, which is pa icula ly ele an in eaching ins i u ions whe e
anes hesia p o ide s wi h a ying le els o expe ience manage pedia ic cases.
The ease o ai way managemen , subjec i ely assessed by he managing anes hesiologis , a o ed la yngeal mask ai way
signi ican ly. This subjec i e assessmen co ela es well wi h objec i e pa ame e s including educed numbe o ai way
manipula ions and lowe peak inspi a o y p essu es equi ed in he la yngeal mask ai way g oup. These indings a e
consis en wi h p e ious esea ch by Mason and Bingham, who epo ed ha la yngeal mask ai way p o ided mo e s able
ai way main enance wi h educed need o con inuous manual in e en ion compa ed o ace mask en ila ion.(13) The
educ ion in anes hesiologis wo kload achie ed wi h la yngeal mask ai way has p ac ical implica ions, allowing he
p ac i ione o ocus a en ion on o he aspec s o pa ien managemen and po en ially imp o ing o e all pa ien sa e y.
The hemodynamic esponses obse ed in his s udy e ealed mo e p onounced inc eases in hea a e and mean a e ial
p essu e immedia ely ollowing ace mask en ila ion compa ed o la yngeal mask ai way inse ion. This di e ence likely
e lec s he g ea e s imula ion associa ed wi h epea ed ai way manipula ion and he s ess esponse o in e mi en
en ila o y insu iciency commonly encoun e ed wi h ace mask echnique. Al hough hese hemodynamic changes we e
ansien and emained wi hin clinically accep able anges in his heal hy pedia ic popula ion, hey assume g ea e
impo ance in pa ien s wi h ca dio ascula como bidi ies o limi ed ca diac ese e. Simila indings we e epo ed by
B imacombe and colleagues, who documen ed less hemodynamic dis u bance associa ed wi h la yngeal mask ai way
compa ed o ace mask en ila ion in pedia ic pa ien s.(14) The g adual con e gence o hemodynamic pa ame e s be ween
g oups a la e ime poin s sugges s ha he p ima y di e ences ela e o he ai way es ablishmen phase a he han ongoing
main enance.
The signi ican ly highe incidence o oxygen desa u a ion episodes in he ace mask en ila ion g oup ep esen s pe haps
he mos clinically ele an inding o his s udy. T ansien desa u a ion occu ed in 23.3% o pa ien s managed wi h ace
mask compa ed o only 6.7% in he la yngeal mask ai way g oup, demons a ing supe io en ila o y eliabili y wi h he
Majo D . Bimal Ahluwalia, e al. Face Mask Ve sus La yngeal Mask Ai way Ven ila ion In Pedia ic Sho Su gical
P ocedu es: A P ospec i e Obse a ional S udy A A Te ia y Ca e Cen e. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 526‐534,
2025
533
sup aglo ic de ice. This inding co obo a es he esul s epo ed by Mizushima e al., who obse ed ewe episodes o
in aope a i e oxygen desa u a ion wi h la yngeal mask ai way compa ed o ace mask en ila ion in pedia ic pa ien s
unde going a ious su gical p ocedu es.(15) The main enance o adequa e oxygena ion h oughou anes hesia ep esen s a
undamen al sa e y impe a i e, and any echnique ha educes desa u a ion isk dese es se ious conside a ion o ou ine
clinical implemen a ion.
The occu ence o gas ic insu la ion in 10% o ace mask en ila ion pa ien s, wi h no cases obse ed in he la yngeal
mask ai way g oup, highligh s ano he impo an sa e y conside a ion. Gas ic insu la ion inc eases he isk o
egu gi a ion and po en ial aspi a ion, pa icula ly i posi i e p essu e en ila ion is equi ed. The seal p o ided by
la yngeal mask ai way a ound he la yngeal inle appea s o di ec en ila ion mo e e ec i ely in o he espi a o y ac
while minimizing gas ic insu la ion. This ad an age o la yngeal mask ai way has been p e iously documen ed by
Timme mann and colleagues in hei comp ehensi e e iew o sup aglo ic ai way de ices in pedia ic anes hesia.(16)
Al hough none o he pa ien s in he cu en s udy expe ienced clinically signi ican complica ions om gas ic insu la ion,
his inding suppo s he enhanced sa e y p o ile o la yngeal mask ai way o pedia ic ai way managemen .
The compa able incidence o la yngospasm be ween g oups sugges s ha he choice o ai way managemen echnique does
no signi ican ly in luence his complica ion, which is p ima ily ela ed o anes he ic dep h, pa ien cha ac e is ics, and
su gical s imula ion. The o e all low incidence o la yngospasm in bo h g oups (app oxima ely 4%) e lec s app op ia e
pa ien selec ion, adequa e anes he ic dep h, and compe en ai way managemen . These a es a e consis en wi h published
li e a u e on la yngospasm incidence in pedia ic anes hesia p ac ice.(17) The absence o b onchospasm in any pa ien in
ei he g oup simila ly e lec s app op ia e pa ien selec ion wi h exclusion o child en wi h ac i e espi a o y pa hology.
The eco e y cha ac e is ics demons a ed no signi ican di e ences be ween he wo g oups, wi h compa able imes o
eye opening and achie emen o discha ge c i e ia om he pos -anes hesia ca e uni . This inding is eassu ing and
indica es ha he choice o ai way managemen echnique du ing he p ocedu e does no ad e sely a ec eme gence and
ea ly eco e y. Se e al p e ious s udies ha e simila ly epo ed equi alen eco e y p o iles be ween ace mask and
la yngeal mask ai way echniques in pedia ic pa ien s.(18) The apid eco e y obse ed in bo h g oups, wi h all pa ien s
achie ing discha ge c i e ia wi hin 30 minu es, e lec s he sho du a ion o anes hesia and he use o sho -ac ing
anes he ic agen s app op ia e o b ie su gical p ocedu es.
Pos -ope a i e ai way complica ions including so e h oa , hoa seness, and pe sis en cough we e compa able be ween he
wo g oups, wi h no s a is ically signi ican di e ences a ei he 2 hou s o 24 hou s ollowing he p ocedu e. This inding
con as s wi h some ea lie s udies ha sugges ed la yngeal mask ai way migh be associa ed wi h inc eased h oa
discom o compa ed o ace mask en ila ion due o sup aglo ic ins umen a ion. Howe e , mo e ecen li e a u e suppo s
he cu en inding ha mode n la yngeal mask ai way de ices, when p ope ly sized and app op ia ely in la ed, cause
minimal ai way auma and pos -ope a i e discom o .(19) The ela i ely low o e all incidence o so e h oa in bo h
g oups (app oxima ely 15% a 2 hou s) is consis en wi h expec ed a es o sho p ocedu es wi h minimal ai way
ins umen a ion. The absence o signi ican ai way auma in ei he g oup e lec s ca e ul pa ien selec ion, app op ia e
echnique, and compe en ai way managemen .
While he p esen s udy demons a es clea ad an ages o la yngeal mask ai way o e ace mask en ila ion o pedia ic
sho p ocedu es, i is impo an o acknowledge ce ain limi a ions. The s udy was conduc ed a a single e ia y ca e cen e ,
which may limi gene alizabili y o o he se ings wi h di e en pa ien popula ions, p ac i ione expe ise, o esou ce
a ailabili y. The exclusion o pa ien s wi h di icul ai way p edic o s, ac i e espi a o y pa hology, o aspi a ion isk means
ha indings canno be ex apola ed o hese highe - isk popula ions whe e ace mask en ila ion migh emain p e e able
o a oid sup aglo ic ins umen a ion. The s udy e alua ed ela i ely sho p ocedu es wi h mean du a ion o app oxima ely
39 minu es, and indings may no apply o longe p ocedu es whe e conside a ions such as de ice ole ance and issue
p essu e e ec s assume g ea e impo ance. The subjec i e assessmen o ease o ai way managemen , while clinically
ele an , in oduces po en ial o obse e bias despi e a emp s o s anda dize e alua ion c i e ia.
Despi e hese limi a ions, he s udy p o ides obus compa a i e da a suppo ing he p e e en ial use o la yngeal mask
ai way o ai way managemen in app op ia ely selec ed pedia ic pa ien s unde going sho su gical p ocedu es. The
consis ency o indings ac oss mul iple ou come measu es, including objec i e pa ame e s such as desa u a ion episodes
and ai way manipula ion equency as well as subjec i e assessmen s o ease o use, s eng hens he alidi y o conclusions.
The p ac ical implica ions ex end beyond indi idual pa ien ca e o in o m ins i u ional p o ocols, equipmen p ocu emen
decisions, and anes hesia aining cu icula. The supe io eliabili y and educed wo kload associa ed wi h la yngeal mask
ai way may be pa icula ly aluable in eaching ins i u ions whe e anes hesia esiden s and less expe ienced p ac i ione s
manage pedia ic cases unde supe ision.(20)
Fu u e esea ch di ec ions should include mul i-cen e s udies o enhance gene alizabili y, cos -e ec i eness analyses
compa ing he wo echniques while accoun ing o equipmen cos s and p ac i ione ime equi emen s, e alua ion o
lea ning cu es o no ice p ac i ione s managing pedia ic ai ways wi h bo h echniques, in es iga ion o speci ic pa ien
Majo D . Bimal Ahluwalia, e al. Face Mask Ve sus La yngeal Mask Ai way Ven ila ion In Pedia ic Sho Su gical
P ocedu es: A P ospec i e Obse a ional S udy A A Te ia y Ca e Cen e. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 526‐534,
2025
534
subg oups including e y young child en o hose wi h mild ai way abno mali ies no mee ing exclusion c i e ia, and long-
e m ollow-up s udies o assess any delayed ai way complica ions beyond he immedia e 24-hou pos -ope a i e pe iod
examined in he cu en s udy. Addi ionally, esea ch examining pa ien and pa en sa is ac ion wi h he wo echniques
could p o ide aluable pa ien -cen e ed ou come da a o complemen he clinical and sa e y pa ame e s e alua ed in he
p esen in es iga ion.
CONCLUSION
This p ospec i e obse a ional s udy compa ing ace mask en ila ion wi h la yngeal mask ai way o ai way managemen
in pedia ic pa ien s unde going sho elec i e su gical p ocedu es demons a ed signi ican ad an ages o la yngeal mask
ai way ac oss mul iple ou come measu es. The la yngeal mask ai way g oup exhibi ed sho e ime o es ablish adequa e
en ila ion, highe i s -a emp success a es, supe io ease o ai way managemen , educed equi emen o ai way
manipula ions, be e hemodynamic s abili y, ewe episodes o oxygen desa u a ion, and lowe incidence o gas ic
insu la ion compa ed o ace mask en ila ion. Reco e y cha ac e is ics and pos -ope a i e ai way complica ions we e
compa able be ween he wo echniques, indica ing equi alen sa e y p o iles in hese domains. These indings suppo he
p e e en ial conside a ion o la yngeal mask ai way as he ai way managemen echnique o choice o app op ia ely
selec ed pedia ic pa ien s unde going sho su gical p ocedu es a e ia y ca e cen e s. The enhanced eliabili y, educed
p ac i ione wo kload, and supe io en ila o y s abili y associa ed wi h la yngeal mask ai way ha e impo an implica ions
o pa ien sa e y, clinical e iciency, and anes hesia aining p og ams in pedia ic anes hesia p ac ice.
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