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Resea ch A icle
Dis ibu ion Pa e n o Fo es in Nadia Dis ic o Wes Bengal, India
Milan Biswas 1*, D . Subhasis Mondal 2
1 Resea ch Schola , Depa men o Geog aphy, Seacom Skills Uni e si y, Wes Bengal, India
2 Supe iso , Depa men o Geog aphy, Seacom Skills Uni e si y, Wes Bengal, India
Co esponding Au ho : *Milan Biswas DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17686102
Abs ac
Manusc ip In o ma ion
Fo es s play a c ucial ole in main aining ecological balance, biodi e si y and li elihood
secu i y. The p esen s udy analyses he dis ibu ion pa e n o o es s in Nadia dis ic o Wes
Bengal, India, by highligh ing spa ial a iabili y in o es ypes, o es co e s a us and
adminis a i e managemen . Al hough he FAO de ines o es as land spanning mo e han 0.5
hec a es wi h a minimum 10% canopy co e , he legal s a us o o es in Nadia dis ic does no
necessa ily e lec ac ual ee p esence, esul ing in a disc epancy be ween o es a ea and
o es co e . The indings e eal ha o es dis ibu ion in Nadia dis ic is highly une en, wi h
dense o es s concen a ed in he no he n and sou he n pa s o Wes Bengal, while sca e ed
and deg aded o es s domina e he sou hwes e n egions. In he Nadia–Mu shidabad Fo es
Di ision (NMFD), he o al o es a ea is 2003.49 hec a es, o which Nadia dis ic accoun s
o only 1233.43 hec a es, ep esen ing a me e 0.33% o i s o al geog aphical a ea, a below
he na ional o es policy a ge o 33%.
The s udy iden i ies mul iple ege a ion ypes, such as mois deciduous, d y deciduous,
i e ine and li o al o es s, dis ibu ed di e en ly ac oss he dis ic . Adminis a i e
dis ibu ion includes h ee ange o ices and en bea o ices, hough only six bea s con ain
o es land. Long- e m assessmen om 1999 o 2019 shows ha o es co e in Nadia has
g adually inc eased due o plan a ion and conse a ion ini ia i es, especially unde
p og ammes like CAMPA, Namami Gange, QGS, S ip Plan a ion and Social Fo es y.
Go e nmen -led and p i a e plan a ions signi ican ly con ibu e o he g owing p opo ion o
Mode a ely Dense Fo es (MDF) and Open Fo es (OF). Howe e , issues such as illegal
logging, in as uc u e de elopmen , and high human p essu e con inue o h ea en o es
sus ainabili y.
The s udy concludes ha s eng hening g ass oo s o es go e nance, enhancing communi y
pa icipa ion, p omo ing plan a ion d i es, inc easing ou pos s and educing dependence on
p o ec ed o es s o li elihood a e essen ial o es o e ecological s abili y in he dis ic .
Ensu ing planned a o es a ion and p ese a ion o exis ing o es pa ches can con ibu e
meaning ully owa d enhancing o es co e and sus aining biodi e si y in Nadia dis ic .
▪ ISSN No: 2583-7397
▪ Recei ed: 19-09-2025
▪ Accep ed: 18-10-2025
▪ Published: 23-11-2025
▪ IJCRM:4(6); 2025: 204-214
▪ ©2025, All Righ s Rese ed
▪ Plagia ism Checked: Yes
▪ Pee Re iew P ocess: Yes
How o Ci e his A icle
Biswas M, Mondal S. Dis ibu ion
Pa e n o Fo es in Nadia Dis ic o
Wes Bengal, India. In J Con emp
Res Mul idiscip. 2025;4(6):204-214.
Access his A icle Online
www.mul ia iclesjou nal.com
KEYWORDS: Rese e o es , P o ec ed Fo es , Li elihood, Sca e ed Fo es , Mois and d y deciduous o es , Fo es ca ego y
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1. INTRODUCTION
A o es is an ecosys em wi h a dense communi y o ees. T ee
densi y, ee heigh , legal s a us, ecological unc ion, land use,
e c, a e he key ac o s o inco po a e he concep o o es . The
Uni ed Na ions’ Food and Ag icul u e O ganisa ion (FAO)
de ine o es as ‘Land spanning mo e han 0.5 hec a es wi h
ees highe han 05 me e s and a canopy co e o mo e han 10
pe cen . I does no include land ha is p edominan ly unde
ag icul u al use. An a ea can be legally designa ed as ‘ o es ’
e en i no ees g ow on i .
The alloca ion o o es pa e ns in Nadia Dis ic is pu ely
une en. The o es pa e n o Wes Bengal a ies om one
place o ano he . In he no he n and sou he n pa s o Bengal,
he o es is dense, and sou h sou h-sou hwes e n pa is co e ed
wi h sca e ed ypes o o es . As a esul , ese e o es s o
wildli e sanc ua ies a e ound bo h ex eme no h and he
ex eme sou h o Bengal. Gene ally, he ac i i ies o people o
daily li elihoods in ese e o es s o in wildli e sanc ua ies a e
less han p o ec ed o es s. So, dis u bance is highe in a
p o ec ed o es han ese e o es o a wild wildli e sanc ua y.
This is why p o ec ed o es s in Bengal, including Nadia
Dis ic , a e deg ading g adually. In a classed s a e o es , he e
is no es ic ion o hind ance as he e is in a ese e o in a
p o ec ed o es .
His o y o Nadia Mu shidabad Fo es Di ision
Nadia Mu shidabad Di ision came in o being on 7 h o June in
l946, wi h he o es a ea o he Dis ic o Nadia, Mu shidabad
and he Bongaon subdi ision o Dis ic 24 Pa ganas. I was
known as he Cen al Di ision ill he mid-eigh ies o 1985 and
was placed unde he Cen al Ci cle. Since hen, he Di isional
Headqua e s has been in K ishnaga . A he ime o he
eo ganisa ion o Nadia Mu shidabad Fo es Di ision in 1996,
he o es a ea o Bongaon subdi ision was handed o e o he
newly c ea ed 24 Pa ganas (No h) Di ision 1996.
Types o ege a ion a ailable in he Nadia dis ic
Mois Deciduous Fo es : Rain all 100 cm - 200 cm, mean
annual empe a u e abo e 25°C wi h mois summe and cool
win e , also called b oad lea o es , sheds lea es e e y yea
du ing he sp ing and ea ly summe and p o ides o ganic
con en in soil, occupies a la ge a ea han e e g een o es . Fo
example, Neem, Shisu (Indian Resewood) Kul, Jhika /Indian
Ash T ee (Lannea Co omandelica, Kocha Gach), Ja ul, Palash,
e c.
D y Deciduous Fo es : Rain all 70 cm - 100 cm, mean annual
empe a u e 19°C o 24°C. These ypes o ees lose hei lea es
a he beginning o he d y (win e ) season. Fo example, eak,
sal, Mahua, Palas, Beal, Am a, A a (Ram Phal),
Ri e ine Fo es : T ees a ailable on bo h sides o he i e
whe e mois u e is high due o he si ua ion o he i e , and can
ole a e looding. Fo example, Banyan ee, Coconu , Banana,
Sishu, A jun, Bamboo, Mango, Akashmoni, Pi uli.
Li o al Fo es : Along he clayey i e bank up o Nabadwip.
Fo example, Nalkhag a, hogla, be , coconu , and dhol kolmi.
Fig. 1: Loca ion map o he s udy a ea wi h espec o India and Wes Bengal
Fig. 2: No o ci il blocks occupied by he Range O ice in Nadia Dis ic
Ca ego y-wise Fo es dis ibu ion in Nadia dis ic
As Nadia dis ic is unde Nadia Mu shidabad Fo es Di ision
(NMFD), hence a he ime o o es dis ibu ion and discussion
bo h o he dis ic is impo an o discuss. The o al o es a ea
in he NMFD is 2003.490 hec a es, whe e Nadia has 1233.430
hec a es, and he es a e in Mu shudabad dis ic .
Table 1: Fo es de ails in Nadia-Mu shidabad Fo es di ision
Ca ego y
To al A ea
Nadia
Mu shidabad
Rese ed Fo es
600.480 ha
510.37 ha
90.110 ha
P o ec ed Fo es
878.440 ha
317.29 ha
561.150 ha
U.C.S. Fo es
524.570 ha
405.77 ha
118.800 ha
To al
2003.490 ha
1233.430 ha
770.060 ha
Sou ces: Di isional Fo es O ice, Nadia Mu shidabad Fo es Di ision, (2022)
K ishnaga , Nadia, Wes Bengal.
0
5
10
No o Ci il Block
Block Unde Range O ice in Nadia Dis ic
No o Ci il Block /Range
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Fig. 3: Types o o es (hec.) in Nadia – Mu shidabad dis ic : 2021
Fig. 4: Pe cen age (%) o RF, PF and UCSF o Nadia Dis ic – 2023
Sou ces: DFO, Nadia Mu shidabad Fo es Di ision, K ishnaga , Nadia.
Range and Bea -wise Fo es dis ibu ion in Nadia dis ic :
In Nadia dis ic , he e a e h ee (03) anges and en (10) bea
o ice ha co e s he en i e dis ic . Ranagha ange (hq-Hijuli)
and bea has he highes o es a ea o 301.23 hac. K ishnaga
ange and bea o ice has second second-highes o es a ea o
271.16 hec a es, and Be huadaha i Wild Li e Sanc ua y (WLS)
has he lowes o es a ea o 67.64 hec a es. Be huadaha i bea
has 245.61 ha a ea (3 d posi ion), Maha pu bea is in 4 h
posi ion (214.37 ha). Among he en (10) bea s o he dis ic ,
six (06) no o bea s ha e o es a ea, and ou (04) no o Bea
ha e no o es a ea ha is-
Ka impu bea - (co e ed Ka impu -I and Ka impu -II block).
Teha a Bea - (co e ed Teha a –I and Teha a - II block).
Hanskhali Bea - (co e ed Hanskhali and K ishnaganj Block).
Kalyani Bea - (co e ed Chakdaha, Kalyani and Ha ingha a
Block). Among hese ou bea s, he Ka impu and Teha a Bea
a e om he Teha a Range o ice and he Hanskhali and
Kalyani Bea o ices a e om he Ranagha Range o ice.
Besides he Range and Bea o ice, he e is ano he smalles
adminis a i e uni o ‘Ou Pos ’which minu ely obse es he
ac i i ies among illage s and he o es . Ou pos plays a e y
c ucial ole in main aining he o es heal h and communica ing
wi h he illage people and he o es a he g ass oo s le el. So
e e y Range and Bea o ice should ha e su icien ‘Ou Pos ’
o main ain o es - ela ed e e y hing om he g ass oo s le el.
Pho og aph 1: Debag am ou pos om Ranagha Range and Bea , engaged o
p o ec Debag am ese e o es om illegal ac i i ies (29.12.2022)
Fo es co e o Nadia dis ic : Fo es co e is he amoun
o o es ha co e s a pa icula a ea o land. I may be
measu ed as ela i e (in pe cen age) o absolu e (in sq km / sq.
miles). Mos o he wo ld's o es co e (45%) is ound in he
opics and he Nadia dis ic is also in his zone. Assessing
o es co e by using sa elli e da a is he main ac i i y o FSI
since 1985 o e e y wo yea s. In he de ini ion o o es co e ,
he minimum a ea is one (01) hec a e because his a ea is
sui able o delinea e on a map a 1: 50000 scale. The e m
' o es co e ' indica es he p esence o ees o e any land
whe e he land c i e ia mus be one o mo e hec a es.
Pho og aph 2: Types o o es in Nadia Dis ic
Deciduous Ja ul in Debag am - Pondepa a Fo es unde Ranagha Range, aken
on 28.12.2022.
0
200
400
600
R .F. P .F. U.C.S.F.
Fo es A ea in Hec.
Fo es Ca ego y in Nadia Mu shidabad Fo es Di ision
Nadia
Mu shidabad
41%
26%
33%
Fo es Ca ego y o Nadia Dis ic in %
Rese e Fo es
P o ec ed Fo es
Un classed Fo es
Figu es a e in %
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E e g een Mixed T ees in Billwog am Fo es unde K ishnanaga Range nea
B.W.L.S. aken on 20.06.2023.
Acco ding o he Na ional Fo es Policy (NFP) o -1952 and
1988, he o al o es land o he coun y should be 33 % o he
o al geog aphical a ea. In India. Wes Bengal and in Nadia
dis ic , ha is 21.71 %, 13.28 % and 0.33 % espec i ely,
which is e y poo acco ding o he o es policy o 1952 and
1988. In Nadia Dis ic Fo es a ea is only 0.33 % o he o al
geog aphical a ea; his is oo negligible and no expec ed om
any geog aphical a ea. India and Wes Bengal a e also no in
good condi ion and equi e imp o emen .
As o es a ea and o es co e a e sepa a e concep s, hough
he e a simila i ies and connec ions be ween o es co e wi h
Ve y Dense Fo es (V.D.F), Mode a ely Dense Fo es (M.D.F)
and Open Fo es (O.F).
Fig. 5: Showing a clea compa ison o o es co e in pe cen ages (%) among
India, Wes Bengal and he s udy a ea o Nadia dis ic o he yea s 1999 and
2019.
Table 2: Fo es Co e o India, Wes Bengal and Nadia Dis ic (in %) om
1999 o 2019
Sou ces: Indian S a e o Fo es Repo -1999, 2005, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2017,
2019.
A Dense Fo es is a o es whe e ees g ow e y closely o each
o he . Dense Fo es is he Abode o a wide ange o animals,
plan s and mic oo ganisms; hence, i has ich biodi e si y. Dense
o es s egula e he empe a u e and wea he pa e ns locally o
globally and can p oduce na u al medicines. Dense Fo es has a
canopy densi y o 70% and abo e, Mod Dense Fo es has a
canopy densi y o 40 % - 70% and he canopy densi y o open
o es is 10% o 40%. F om 1987, he Fo es Su ey o India
(Minis y o En i onmen and Fo es s), Deh adun, began o
publish he ‘S a e o Fo es Repo ’ biannually by using emo e
sensing echniques. Fo es - ela ed in o ma ion o each s a e is
a ailable he e.
Fig. 6: Fo es De ails o Nadia Dis ic - 2001, 2009, 2019
Mode a ely Dense Fo es (M.D.F) in sq.km is inc easing yea o
yea han ha o V.D.F in he able no -5.8, and said o es is
o ally ze o (0) in he assessmen yea o 1999. Assessmen yea
2003 indica es he lowes Mode a ely Dense Fo es (M.D.F),
wen y- ou (24) sq.km. The amoun o 160.16 sq.km said
o es is a ailable in he yea s 2017 and 2019, and hese wo
consecu i e yea s ha e gained he highes M.D.F in ha able
om he pe iod o 1999 o 2019. Assessmen yea s 2011 and
0
5
10
15
20
25
India W.B. Nadia
Compa ison o Fo es Co e
1999 2019
0
100
200
300
400
500
V.D.F M.D.F O.F To al
Fo es
Fo es A ea in Sq.Km.
Fo es De ails o Nadia Dis ic - 2001 , 2009 , 2019
20
01
20
09
Assessmen
Yea
Fo es Co e o
India (%)
Fo es Co e o
W.B. (%)
Fo es Co e
o Nadia (%)
1999
19.39
9.42
0.25
2001
20.55
12.04
2.67
2003
20.63
13.9
2.42
2005
20.6
13.99
3.28
2007
21.02
14.64
3.28
2009
21.06
14.64
3.28
2011
21.05
14.64
12.2
2013
21.23
18.93
12.2
2015
21.33
18.95
12.2
2017
21.54
18.98
12.22
2019
21.67
19.04
12.22
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2013 ha e a no able amoun o o es , which is 159 sq km o
bo h yea s.
Open Fo es (O.F) in he same able (no. 5.8) is o e all mo e
han he p e ious wo ca ego ies (VDF and MDF). In he yea
1999, he e was no open o es in Nadia Dis ic , and in 2005,
2007 and 2009, i had he lowes open o es ha was 53 sq km.
In 2017 and 2019, i had he highes amoun o open o es a ea
in he dis ic . Assessmen yea 2015 has he second-highes
amoun o open o es . Yea s 2011 and 2013 ha e hi d hi d-
highes amoun o open o es a ea in he dis ic be ween he
ime o 1999 o 2019 assessmen yea .
Fig. 7: Fo es Co e o India, Wes Bengal and Nadia Dis ic om 1999 o 2019.
Pho og aph 3: Manmade des uc ion o he Fo es o make li e mo e com o able o mode n Socie y
A B
A: T ees a e being cu down along NH-34(P esen ly-12), Nadia Mu shudabad Di ision, Takipu Mauza in he dis ic o Mu shidabad on 11.09.2023
B: T ees ha e been cu down o cons uc b idges on he Jalangi Ri e o ul il man’s desi e. Pho o cap u ed on 09.03.2024.
0
5
10
15
20
25
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
% o Fo es Co e
Fo es Co e (%) o India, W.B and Nadia Dis ic (1999 - 2019)
Fo es Co e o India (%) Fo es Co e o W.B. (%) Fo es Co e o Nadia . (%)
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Pho og aph 4: Di e en pa s o he cen al nu se y o he Nadia Mu shudabad Fo es Di ision, K ishnanaga , Nadia.
A Mo he Bed o plan /c ea e a sapling. | B. Glass shape po o hold sapling om Mo he Bed.
C. Resea che wi h Fo es Gou d in he cen al Nu se y a DFO, K ishnaga , Nadia. | D. Iden i ica ion o a ious saplings by he Resea ch.
Di e en Types o T ees
Shed Gi ing T ees: Among shed gi ing ees, Bakul
(Mimusops Elengi), Ba /Bo T ee (Ficus Bengalenis),
Asho hyo/Bodhi T ee (Ficus eligiosa), Gab (Diospy os
Malaba ica), Kadom/Cadamba (Neolama ckia Cadamba), Si is/
Cho ka (Albizzia Lebbeck) e c, a e impo an . In he summe
season, si ing unde he ees is e y pleasan , especially unde
he abo e-men ioned ees (Table 5.12). So, shade-gi ing ees
ha e a aluable impo ance in ou socie y, and hence hese ees
should be p ese ed wi h all espec o he bene i o human
beings.
Flowe ing T ees: Among lowe ing ees in he dis ic
K ishnachu a (Delonix Regia), Radhachu a (Caesalpinia
Pulcha ima), Simul Tulo/Co on (Bombax Ceiba),
Shiuli/Pa ija (Nyc an hes A bou – T is is), Kanchan (Bauhinia
Va iega a), Bakul (Mimusops Elengi), e c, a e e y common
om season o season. The o he s a e no popula o common.
F ui s gi ing T ees: Mango (Mangi e a Indica), Jam/Be y
(Cyzygium Cumini), Banana (Musa Acumina a), Li chi (Li chi
Chinensis), Jack ui (A oca pus He e ophyllus), Coconu
(Cocos Nuci e a), Beal/S i Fal (Aegle Ma melos), Kul/Ba oi
(Ziziphus Mau i iana), Peya a/Gaya/Am u (Psidium Guaja a),
aal (Bo assus Flabelli e ), e c, a e mo e a ailable in he dis ic
h oughou he yea . The o he ui -gi ing ees (Table No.
5.14) we e also ound bu no a ailable, like he abo e-
men ioned ui -gi ing ees.
A
B
C.
D.
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Pho og aph 5: Phan om’s ees in he u al a ea o Nadia dis ic .
Sou ces: Field Su ey by he esea che (Biswas, M) and In e ne Access
Phan om’s Lis ene s T ees
In he u al a eas o Bengal, as well as in Nadia Dis ic , he e is
a unning p o e b ha he e is a phan om ee in he u al a ea
in which phan om and Ghos lis ene s li ed in he ees. Fo
example, Gab T ee (Diospy os Malaba ica), Tama ind
(Tama indus Indica), Cha im /De il's T ee (Als onia Schola is),
Hijol T ee (Ba ing onia Acu angula), Cane ui /Ra an
ui /Be (Calamus Tenuis), Shao ah T ee/Sand Pape T ee
(S eblus Aspe ), e c, a e he e y common names in he u al
a eas o Nadia in whe e ghos s li e. Village people don’ da e
o go wi hin his ee a ea e en du ing he day ime.
Dis ibu ion o Seedlings o inc ease he G eene y in Nadia
Dis ic
In he Nadia dis ic , om he DFO’s o ice, a lo o seedlings
ha e been dis ibu ed o each and e e y BDO o he dis ic in
he yea 2017-2018. The maximum no o seedlings was
dis ibu ed o he block o Chakdaha, and he amoun is 6961
and K ishnaga -I gained 5670 seedlings, and he hi d highes
no o seedlings was unde he San ipu block, ha is 4939 and
K ishnaga –II is he lowes ecei e o seedlings is wi h 1410.
The o al no o seedlings ha we e dis ibu ed in he yea 2017-
2018 was 59447 nos o seedlings (Table No. 5.17 and Figu e
no-5.
Fig. 8: Seedling dis ibu ion o di e en Range o ices in Nadia dis ic
0
50000
100000
No. o
Seedlings
aised
Handed o e
o
Bene icia ies
Handed o e
o di e en
O ganiza ions
Handed o e
o Hon’ble
MLA
dis ibu ed
among School
child en,
common
people
No o Seedlings
Dis ibu ion o seedlings o di e en Range o ice
in Nadia : 2017-2018
K ishnaga Teha a
Ranagha
Gab T ee (Diospy os Malaba ica) cap u ed by a esea che on 20.03.2024
om Badkulla Bapuji Naga .
Shao ah T ee/Sand Pape T ee (S eblus Aspe ) cap u ed by he
esea che on 23.03.2024 om Palpa a
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To inc ease he o es a ea o o es co e , plan a ions by he
ini ia i e o he go e nmen o p i a e/indi idual a e much
mo e impo an . Anyhow, he a ea o legal o es s a us mus be
inc eased in any o m. In his ega d, he ange-wise
dis ibu ion o seedlings has a deep e ec on socie y. School,
College, Club, NGO, Common people, MLA, Fa me s o ag o
o es y and social o es y, Panchaye , Zilapa ishod,
Supe in enden o Hospi al, Head o a ie ies o ices, BMOH,
CMOH, e c can ge seedlings om he Fo es . Depa men
and DFO. K ishnaga ange has dis ibu ed he highes no o
seedlings (50000) o bene icia ies, Teha a ange 15000
seedlings, and Ranagha ange 30000 seedlings ha e been
dis ibu ed o he di e en bene icia ies, and his is he highes
among all.
Table 3: C ea ion o Plan a ion unde Namami Gange P og amme: 2017-2018
Wo k I em
Loca ion
Ta ge
Achie emen
C ea ion o Ins i u ional Plan a ion
Range-Ranagha & Bea - Ranagha
2 ha.
2 ha.
C ea ion o he Ri e bank Plan a ion
Range-K ishnaga & Bea - K ishnaga
10 ha.
10 ha.
Sou ces: Annual Repo -2017-2018, Nadia Mu shidabad Fo es Di ision.
Go e nmen al Scheme o inc ease he Plan a ion and
Fo es A ea
Qgs, S ip plan a ion, Namami Gange, G een E enue,
CAMPA (Compensa o y A o es a ion Fund Managemen and
Planning Au ho i y CAMPA,2004, is a ool o p omo e
a o es a ion in a ious ways (ag o o es y, social o es y,
sil icul u e, e c) and egene a ion ac i i ies o o es as a way
o compensa ing o des oyed o es land ha has been
di e ed in o non- o es ac i i ies. Fo es managemen ,
conse a ion, Fencing, wildli e conse a ion, e c, a e done
h ough CAMPA.) MGNREGA, e c, a e he di e en ypes o
plan a ion p og ams in Nadia Dis ic .
Social Fo es y: The Na ional Commission on Fo es s used
he e m Social Fo es y in 1976. To use unused and allow
land in u al a eas and a ound he u ban se lemen by using
as -g owing ees o mee he needs o odde and uel
wood. Types o social o es y a e Scien i ic Fo es y o
Sil icul u e, Fa m Fo es y, Communi y Fo es y, Ag o-
Fo es y, and Ex ension Fo es y.
Ru al Fuelwood Plan a ion (RFP) and Canal Embankmen
Plan a ion (CEP): Bo h o hese a e e y use ul ools o
inc easing plan a ion co e in u al a eas, which is a sa egua d
o he o es .
Van Maho sa : E e y 1s o 7 h July is celeb a ed as a ee-
plan ing es i al o inc ease he plan a ion. I was i s
in oduced by K.M. Munshi in 1950, he hen Union Minis e
o Ag icul u e. To c ea e en husiasm o o es conse a ion
and he plan ing o ees.
Table 4: Di e en ypes o plan a ions om 2020 -2024 in Nadia.
Plan a ion Types
A ea in Hec a e in Nadia
2020-2021
QGS
4.79
S ip
Nill
2021-2022
QGS
5
S ip
10
NGT
15.76
Namami Gange
12
G een E enue
10
2022 -2023
QGS
5
Namami Gange
21
2023 -2024
S ip
5
Namami Gange
0.5
Sou ces: Annual Repo -2017-2018, Nadia Mu shidabad Fo es Di ision.
Manmade Plan a ion in Nadia Dis ic : Manmade plan a ion
is e y impo an o inc ease Fo es Co e (F.C.), which is he
amoun o o es ha co e s a pa icula a ea o land, which
may be measu ed as ela i e (%) o absolu e (squa e
kilome es). In o he wo ds, Fo es Co e may be de ined as
‘all land mo e han one hec a e in a ea wi h a ee canopy
densi y o mo e han 10 % i espec i e o owne ship and legal
s a us. Such land may no necessa ily be a eco ded o es . I
also may include O cha ds, Bamboo, Palm and manmade
plan a ions.
In . J . o Con emp. Res. in Mul i. PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL Volume 4 Issue 6 [No - Dec] Yea 2025
212
© 2025 Milan Biswas, D . Subhasis Mondal. This is an open-access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion 4.0 In e na ional
License (CC BY NC ND).h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/
Pho og aph 6: Example o Manmade Plan a ion in Nadia Dis ic
A B
C D
Sou ces: Field su ey by he esea che .
(A) Segun ee (Tec ona G andis) a Palpa a Enaye pu
(B) Lambu (Khaya An ho heca) Plan a ion a Billwag am
(C) Akashmoni (Acacia Au iculi o mis) Plan a ion a Simu ali, Na un Pally
(D) Mixed Plan a ion a Simu ali, Na un Pally.
Fo es esou ces unde p i a e/indi iduals in Nadia Dis ic
Du ing he pe iod o Panini (Panini, he a he o Sansk i , was an ancien Indian g amma ian who li ed in he 4 h cen u y BCE. His
wo k on he Sansk i language and g amma is s ill conside ed one o he g ea es achie emen s in linguis ic his o y. Men ioned ha
he e we e a i icial o es s oo. The a i icial o es ga dens in his pe iod we e called ‘Am abana’. The names o ees ha we e
lis ed in he pe iod o Panini a e as below –
(1) Ashba ha (Ficus Religiosa).
(2). Bo T ee (Ficus Bengalensis).
(3) Aam (Mangi e a Indica).
(4). Ju ikodom/ Subabul (Acacia Ca echu).
(5). Saal (Sho ea Robus a).
(6). Taal (Bo assus Flabelli e ).
(7). Kul/Ba oi (Ziziphus Mau i iana).
(8). Dumu (Ficus Glome e a a).
(9) Si ish (Albizza Lebbek), e c, we e men ioned a he ime o Panini.
