Co esponding au ho : Taxia chis Vouglanis
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion Liscense 4.0.
Telewo king as an employmen oppo uni y o people wi h disabili ies and special
educa ional needs in G eece
Taxia chis Vouglanis 1, * and Khdija Abdulla 2
1 Depa men o Sociology, Uni e si y o he Aegean, G eece, & Ne Media Lab, IIT-NCSR Demok i os, A hens, G eece.
2 B.Sc. Physics, Facul y o Science, Uni e si y o Aleppo, Sy ia.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 731-740
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 29 June 2025; e ised on 06 Augus 2025; accep ed on 09 Augus 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.27.2.2877
Abs ac
Fo elewo ke s, he e is lexibili y in wo k and balance in pe sonal li e and wo k. In addi ion, a be e s anda d o li ing
is obse ed because people ha e mo e ee ime, less s ess, lowe a el cos s and can s ay pe manen ly in any a ea
hey wish. Howe e , he e is a isk ha igh limi s (hou s, p i a e li e) a e no se in wo king om home o in he social
isola ion o employees. Telewo king inc eases he supply o wo k and simul aneously educes he unemploymen o
people wi h disabili ies and special educa ional needs. I also allows people wi h disabili ies o wo k equally wi h o he
employees.
Keywo ds: Telewo king; Employees; Disabili y; Special Educa ion; Inclusion; Equali y
1. In oduc ion
People wi h disabili ies a e a key g oup in ou socie y ha s ongly expe iences isola ion, ma ginaliza ion in e ms o
inclusion in a ious social ac i i ies and employmen . People wi h disabili ies do no always ha e he same and equal
oppo uni ies o join he wo k o ce (OECD, 2018). In he domes ic labo ma ke , he pe cen age o he wo k o ce
consis ing o people wi h disabili ies is qui e low compa ed o he pe cen ages o he es o he EU coun ies. The abo e
p oblem needs o be add essed due o he inadequacy o he me hods and policies.
The e a e app oxima ely 87 million people wi h disabili ies in he EU, acco ding o da a om he Eu opean Pa liamen
(Eu opean Commission, 2020). The employmen a e o people wi h disabili ies (aged >20-64) is 50.8%, compa ed o
75% o people wi hou disabili ies. Addi ionally, 28.4% o people wi h disabili ies in he EU a e a isk o po e y o
social exclusion, compa ed o 17.8% o he gene al popula ion. In one o i s las sessions, he Eu opean Pa liamen called
o an inclusi e socie y in which he igh s o people wi h disabili ies a e p o ec ed and whe e he e is no disc imina ion
(Eu opean Commission, 2020).
In he con ex o he abo e da a, in Ma ch 2021, he Eu opean Commission adop ed a new s a egy o ensu ing he
igh s o people wi h disabili ies o he pe iod 2021-2030, which includes he main ecommenda ions o he
Pa liamen , which a e as ollows (Eu opean Commission, 2021):
•Mains eaming he igh s o people wi h disabili ies in all policies and sec o s.
•Equal access o heal hca e, employmen , public anspo , and housing is needed o people wi h disabili ies.
•Implemen a ion and u he de elopmen o he EU pilo scheme o disabili y ca ds, which allows o he
mu ual ecogni ion o disabili ies in some EU coun ies.
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732
Despi e in e na ional de elopmen s, howe e , he economic c isis o he pas decade and he COVID-19 pandemic,
which exace ba ed he e ec s o he economic ecession, ha e dis up ed he smoo h inclusion o people wi h disabili ies
in he labo ma ke wo ldwide. Especially o ou coun y, his sec o has no shown subs an ial p og ess, and he
sho comings in he necessa y legisla i e amewo k and in aking he necessa y measu es on he pa o socie y, cause
only supe icial p og ess in he employmen igh s o people wi h disabili ies (Papa assiliou-Alexiou, 2022). The need
o wo k o people wi h disabili ies is no simply a ma e o economic su i al. Wo ke s wi h disabili ies belie e ha
hei wo k con ibu es o imp o ing hei quali y o li e and oppo uni ies o socialize, o p omo ing hei sense o sel -
es eem and o accele a ing he p ocess o adap ing o hei disabili y, so ha hei li es acqui e meaning and pu pose.
Al hough no always an end in i sel , inancial suppo is a means o a digni ied li ing (Papa assiliou-Alexiou & Fo iadou,
2019).
Concluding he in oduc ion, we emphasize he signi icance o all digi al echnologies in he ield o educa ion and in
elewo king aining and exploi a ion, which is highly e ec i e and p oduc i e and acili a es and imp o es assessmen ,
in e en ion, and educa ional p ocedu es ia mobile de ices ha b ing educa ional ac i i ies e e ywhe e [47-50],
a ious ICTs applica ions ha a e he main suppo e s o educa ion [51-65], and AI, STEM, and ROBOTICS ha aise
educa ional p ocedu es o new pe o mance le e s [66-73]. Addi ionally, he de elopmen and in eg a ion o ICTs wi h
heo ies and models o me acogni ion, mind ulness, medi a ion, and he cul i a ion o emo ional in elligence [74-90], as
well as wi h en i onmen al ac o s and nu i ion [83–86], accele a es and imp o es mo e han educa ional p ac ices
and esul s, especially in elewo king aining and exploi a ion.
2. Bene i s and challenges o elewo king
Acco ding o Pie akeas & Kou sonikos (2003), elewo king is an achie emen in he de elopmen o new echnologies.
I is a lexible o m o wo k ha b ings wo k o employees ins ead o employees. The main ad an age o employees is
ha hey sa e ime because hey do no ha e o a el. They ha e a be e quali y o li e, wi h less s ess and mo e ime
wi h amily and iends. In addi ion, hey de elop skills - knowledge based on new echnologies ha hey would no
need o know abou adi ional wo k. Employe s, on he o he hand, need less in es men in building acili ies wi h he
inc ease in he use o elewo king. The e is also an inc ease in p oduc i i y in companies because he e is g ea e
concen a ion o elewo king wi hou in e up ions. The e a e also social bene i s ela ed o he en i onmen because
pollu ion is educed ( educed a el), and ci izens a e eloca ed o smalle ci ies. Loca ion independence conce ns no
only employees bu also he en i e wo k sys em. Howe e , his independence c ea es some p oblems, mos o which
a e due o he wo k en i onmen . Telewo king is di icul i he e is no pe sonal wo kspace in each home o i he
indi idual has excellen compu e skills. Ini ially, he e is isola ion o employees, and i is di icul o ha e p o essional
discussions wi h colleagues. In addi ion, he e is no ace- o- ace con ac , which is e y help ul. Fu he mo e, exac
wo king hou s a e di icul o calcula e, hus, he e is he possibili y o a educed wo k a e in he case o low mo i a ion
by employees o weak sel -discipline (Pie akeas & Kou sonikos, 2003).
Acco ding o Pouliakas (2020), al hough G eece s a ed o adop digi al echnologies a e he c isis, i was no eady
o digi aliza ion. Thi y- i e pe cen - 35% o jobs in G eece can be elewo ked and should do so o emain compe i i e.
Fo his o be possible, he s a e should p o ide schools and inancial suppo o pa en s so ha hey can wo k om
home wi hou in e e ence o balance wo k and amily. Du ing he pandemic, elewo king was he only way o main ain
jobs (Pouliakas, 2020).
Giannakopoulou (2012) de elops lexible o ms o employmen in he wo k. She p esen s a s udy by he Ame ican
Company Managemen Technology Associa es on elewo ke s wi h he bene i s o employees and businesses. In
businesses, you can see a educ ion in cos s (mainly ope a ing), an inc ease in p oduc i i y by employees, he abili y o
selec employees wi h mo e quali ica ions because he e is no geog aphical es ic ion, and g ea e lexibili y in
pe sonnel managemen ul ima ely, he wo k o elewo ke s does no depend on ac o s such as s ikes in anspo , he
wea he o na u al disas e s. Fo employees, he e is a educ ion in a el cos s and mo e oppo uni ies o wo k
because he e is no geog aphical es ic ion. The e a e also lexible wo king hou s and a balance be ween wo k and
amily. A e y impo an bene i is ha people wi h disabili ies (physical) o pa en s in single-pa en amilies o mo he s
wi h young child en o people ca ing o he elde ly can wo k by elewo king. The e a e also nega i e e ec s, bu hey
a e ewe . Fi s , o ganizing wo k du ing elewo king is di icul o each employee. Addi ionally, many people ind i
di icul o wo k wi h elewo k because o pe o m a hei bes , hey need cons an guidance and con ol
(Giannakopoulou, 2012).
Acco ding o Ma in & MacDonnell (2012), a e an in e disciplina y sea ch o da abases, hey concluded ha
elewo king has posi i e e ec s on mainly employees and businesses, howe e , i is no chosen as o en as i should be.
The e is a posi i e co ela ion be ween elewo king and o ganiza ional esul s, bu his co ela ion depends on he age
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o he employees. Speci ically, elewo king inc eases p oduc i i y, job main enance, o ganiza ional commi men
s eng hening and imp o ed o ganiza ional pe o mance. Addi ionally, an impo an ac o ha a ec s he pe o mance
o elewo king employees is he numbe o employees in each company ha wo ks wi h elewo k (Ma in & MacDonnell,
2012).
Wi h he ad en o he pandemic, he use o elewo king began, and 37% o employees in he EU in 2020 wo ked om
home. Be o e he pandemic, elewo king was mainly pe o med by manage s, while la e , i was ex ended o
adminis a i e employees. To be able o use elewo king, companies mus in es in echnology, in he aining o hei
employees and in ules in acco dance wi h he na ional wo k amewo k. In addi ion, he “ igh o disconnec ” should
be ins i u ionalized (Ky iakoulias, 2020).
Ipsen e al. (2021), collec ed da a wi h an elec onic ques ionnai e om 29 Eu opean coun ies in he i s weeks o he
pandemic (Ma ch 11 o May 8, 2020) and s udied he ad an ages and disad an ages o elewo king. The ques ionnai e
had 23 ques ions, was sen h ough social media and uni e si ies and ook app oxima ely 10 minu es o comple e. The
sample included 5,748 wo ke s om Eu ope (23.3% om Denma k, 23.1% om Ge many, 15.3% om I aly, 14.5%
om Sweden), who we e mainly women (59.2%). A o al o 84.1% o he esponden s wo ked ully on elewo king
du ing he COVID-19 pandemic, while 15.9% some imes wo ked on elewo king. The ad an ages a e g ouped in o h ee
ca ego ies. Fi s , hey a e ela ed, o wo k-li e balance because he e is no ime o a el o wo k o s ess. Second, when
employees pe o m be e because hey ocus hei ime on he main job and no on mee ings o seconda y asks, hi d,
hey ha e less con ol o e hei wo k and hus can ake b eaks when hey wan and ea hei own ood. The use o
elewo king educes he incidence o he pandemic. The disad an ages include, i s , he es ic ion o he wo ke o he
home, whe e he e is social isola ion and equipmen a home (desk, chai , sc een), bu he noises also do no help in
wo king om home. The second is he unce ain y o wo k, and he hi d, is he necessi y o using and knowing new
echnologies (Ipsen e al., 2021).
Cos a e al. (2022) conduc ed a s udy on employee sa is ac ion and pe o mance ela ed o he use o elewo king du ing
he COVID-19 pandemic. Wi h he ad en o he pandemic, mos employees we e o ced o wo k om home, and hose
wi h child en also had o ake ca e o hem because schools we e closed. The esea ch was ca ied ou in 2020
(No embe - Decembe ) by sending an online ques ionnai e o o ice wo ke s who wo ked om home du ing he
pandemic. The s udy popula ion included 94 people (63 women and 31 men) wi h an a e age age o 50.4 yea s.
App oxima ely 65% o he sample we e ma ied, 20% had child en unde 18 yea s old, and 49% had child en aged 18
and olde . App oxima ely 29% o he sample had physical illnesses, while none had men al illnesses. Fo y pe cen o
he sample (42.9% women and 33.3% men) wi h child en unde 18 yea s o age belie ed ha he age o hei child en
a ec ed hei pe o mance when wo king om home. A o al o 95.7% o he esponden s (95.2 women, 96.8 men) el
sa is ied wi h hei pe o mance du ing he pandemic. When asked i hei job has changed, 17% esponded ha i has
wo sened, 54.3% ha “ he wo k is unchanged” and 28.7% ha i has imp o ed. App oxima ely 30% o he esponden s
esponded ha hey eel lonely and ne ous when wo king emo ely. Addi ionally, hose who we e ma ied o
cohabi ing el less lonely han hose who we e single. I i abili y is posi i ely ela ed o loneliness, while mood changes
a e ela ed o sleep p oblems such as insomnia, nigh awakenings and nigh ma es. In addi ion, he le el o educa ion is
posi i ely ela ed o pe o mance. Addi ionally, people who esponded ha he pandemic changed hei li es (85.1% o
he sample) el mo e i i able and had sleep p oblems. Mos employees s a ed ha hey eel sa is ied wi h hei
elewo king pe o mance, wi h he excep ion o hal o women wi h child en unde 18 yea s o age, who s a ed ha hey
need social suppo om he go e nmen o be able o wo k sa is ac o ily om home while ha ing small child en (Cos a
e al., 2022).
Ha ne -Tie en hale e al. (2022) conduc ed a su ey in Aus ia, among 283 employees li ing wi h hei pa ne s
( amilies) who wo ked elewo king du ing he i s lockdown on he bene i s o elewo king. Acco ding o he su ey,
he gende o he employee and whe he hey ha e child en play impo an oles. Wi h he a i al o he pandemic in
2020, o limi i s ansmission, e e yone was o ced o s ay a home. F om he e, wo ke s had o c ea e a space o wo k,
and a he same ime, hose wi h child en had o supe ise hem because schools we e also closed. Ex e nal help om
ela i es o s a o childca e o home ca e was nonexis en due o es ic ions and he ea o ansmi ing he i us.
Fa he s began o help mo e wi h he house and child en han be o e, bu s ill o a lesse ex en han mo he s. The 283
people in he su ey we e employees, and membe s o he Aus ian Chambe o Labo and comple ed he ques ionnai e
om June 26 o Oc obe 25, 2020. This was a pe iod wi hou es ic ions, a e he lockdown. A o al o 46.4% o he
pa icipan s we e women, and 53.6% we e men. A o al o 46.3% had a leas 1 child li ing wi h hem. Acco ding o men
wi hou child en, elewo king makes amily li e easie because i educes he ime equi ed o wo k, and his ee ime
is a ailable o he amily. Women wi hou child en s a ed ha hey ha e mo e ime o housewo k and amily and
concen a e be e on wo k om home. Women wi h child en eel mo e bu dened wi h home, child en and wo k du ing
elewo king du ing he pandemic. Wo king a he s eel ha elewo king makes wo k and amily li e easie . Wo king
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pa en s in e up hei wo k mo e o en o nonwo k- ela ed issues han o hose wi hou child en. Wo king mo he s
in e up hei wo k o amily obliga ions mo e han wo king a he s do (in he same home). In addi ion, he p esence
o child en a home leads o less posi i e associa ions wi h elewo king. The e o e, gende in luences he expe ience o
elewo king du ing he COVID-19 pandemic, bu ha ing child en also bu dens women mo e. The e o e, elewo king
educes wo k-li e con lic o men and women, bu o di e en ex en s depending on amily s a us (child en) (Ha ne -
Tie en hale e al., 2022).
Sousa-U a e al. (2021) s udied he le el o sa is ac ion o employees wi h elewo king in Po ugal du ing he COVID-19
pandemic and whe he elewo king had any impac on hei heal h. The i s lockdown in Po ugal began on Ma ch 18,
2020, and om Ma ch 19 un il ea ly July, elewo king was manda o y. Employees and businesses we e no p epa ed
because elewo king be o e he pandemic was e y low. Addi ionally, wo king pa en s supe ise and ca e o hei
child en a he same ime. The su ey was ca ied ou wi h an online ques ionnai e comple ed by 1004 employees. 91%
o employees used elewo king o mo e han 1 mon h. Twen y- i e pe cen we e aged 30-39 yea s, and 39% we e aged
40-49 yea s. A o al o 59.86% we e ma ied, 27.79% we e single, and 12.35% we e widowed o di o ced. A o al o
51.20% had no child en a home, 21.02% had 1 child, 23.5% had 2 child en and 4.28% hed 3 o mo e child en. The
sa is ac ion a e o employees wi h elewo king inc eased and was close o 69%. A o al o 52.9% o he esponden s
answe ed ha hey ha e be e concen a ion a wo k and a balance be ween pe sonal and wo k li e (53.10%). A o al
o 31.4% answe ed ha wi h elewo king, hey eel lexible a wo k. Addi ionally, 62.30% answe ed ha hey eel good
in he wo kplace om home. Nine y- wo pe cen o esponden s wan ed o wo k elewo k again in he u u e, bu
60.16% wan ed pa - ime elewo king. Howe e , 59.46% o he esponden s epo ed ha hey wo ked mo e hou s
han usual. Employees needed help om he company in aining and equipmen , and 66% o he pa icipan s
esponded ha hey did no ha e help. Addi ionally, elewo king has ad e se e ec s on physical and men al heal h.
Impo an ac o s o hese esul s a e he us ha employe s showed in employees and ha hey el good in he
wo kplace a home. Addi ionally, he wo k en i onmen and o ganiza ional cul u e play impo an oles in employee
sa is ac ion (Sousa-U a e al., 2021).
3. The dimension o di e si y
Wo king in a “ ypical” o ice en i onmen gene ally assumes a “ ypical” employee. I is expec ed ha dimensions ela ed
o physical abili y a e wi hin he no mal ange, while disabili y issues may cause di icul ies in he smoo h exe cise o
p o essional ac i i y and in eg a ion in o he gene al wo k con ex . In he e en ha an o ganiza ion employs people
wi h disabili ies, special p o isions ega ding access and in eg a ion in o he wo k en i onmen need o be aken. Cases
whe e he e a e issues beyond he “ echnical” dimension, such as mobili y p oblems, and di e si y due o an illness o
an acciden , need o be add essed. Choices o he indi idual, such as ex eme appea ance, e.g., ex ensi e use o a oos
o pie cings, o e en issues o a psychological na u e, such as some o m o unc ional au ism o ago aphobia, bu e en
issues o di e si y in one’s gende iden i y, can cons i u e elemen s o di e si y. Issues ela ed o a pe son’s appea ance,
such as heigh and weigh , can also aise issues o di e si y.
Due o hei di e si y, employees who may possess some o hese cha ac e is ics may ace issues ela ed o e ec i e
in e ac ion wi h he objec o hei wo k, especially wi h hei cus ome s o colleagues (Michielsens e al., 2013). An
answe o all hese ques ions may be ound in emo e wo k. The na u e o emo e wo k, which pu s compu e and
elecommunica ions ne wo ks as in e media ies in communica ion, o e s a le el o isola ion ha , in he case o
di e si y, c ea es independence om issues mainly ela ed o social p ejudice. Fo he employe , he ad an ages ange
om he oppo uni y o ha e access o he skills o an indi idual who may no be able o wo k physically in a wo kplace,
bu is able o do so emo ely.
Fo an employee wi h a disabili y, he ad an age is ha he o she has he oppo uni y o claim a place in he wo ld o
wo k, an oppo uni y om which his o he disabili y may p e en him o he . E en he p ocess o mo ing o he
wo kplace can be a de e mining ac o o a pe son wi h disabili ies, especially when hese also in ol e mobili y
p oblems. In cases o emo e communica ion, a disabili y can po en ially be add essed mo e e ec i ely, such as in he
case o dea ness, whe e hea ing can be la gely eplaced sa is ac o ily h ough w i en communica ion, which may no
be p ac ical in he case o ace- o- ace communica ion. By ha ing he oppo uni y o wo k, he indi idual acqui es a
mo e ul illing li e, bene i ing bo h himsel o he sel , his o he immedia e en i onmen in gene al, and socie y as a
whole (D osos & Tsampala i-Vakalopoulou, 2019). In he case o disabili ies, issues ela ed o he use o necessa y
sys ems mus be add essed by examining app op ia e echnological solu ions and p ac ices ha add ess he di icul y
o use caused by he disabili y in ques ion.
A he le el o he o ganiza ion's cul u e, ole ance o di e si y is an essen ial elemen . Wi hin he amewo k o labo
policies, his mus be gua an eed and ac i ely pu sued. O ganized mo emen s by NGOs o s a e ini ia i es mus assis
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o ganiza ions and employees wi h disabili ies o o he ch onic p oblems in coope a ing. As an example, he NGO As iid
(‘A ailable Skills o T aining, Re eshing, Imp o emen , Inno a ion and De elopmen ’) - www.as iid.o g.uk-, whose
mission is o help people wi h ch onic diseases ind sa is ying jobs. A ypical example is he case o a pe son wi h a
ch onic illness who, wi h he help o his NGO, managed o ind a sa is ac o y job h ough elewo king (McDonald, 2019).
Howe e , esea ch shows ha he e is gene ally a bias in wo king wi h people wi h special needs by a la ge numbe o
employe s, wi h he dominan issue being he iew o he educed e iciency o employees wi h special needs o
disabili ies compa ed o a pe son who ope a es in he sphe e o “no mal” (F ase e al, 2010).
4. Telewo king and Disabili y
Lecou s (2023) conduc ed a su ey o 16 wo ke s wi h physical disabili ies (mo o , and senso y) ha included a
sociodemog aphic ques ionnai e and an in e iew (online o elephone) o examine he impac o elewo king du ing
he pandemic on he wo k expe ience o people wi h physical disabili ies. A e he su ey da a we e collec ed, analysis
was pe o med using N i o 1.5 so wa e. The wo ke s who pa icipa ed in he su ey had a physical disabili y, had
wo ked pa - ime o ull- ime o 1 yea o mo e, and used elewo king du ing he pandemic. In June 2020, 39% o he
Canadians we e wo king emo ely, an inc ease o 17% compa ed o he p epandemic pe cen age. In he UK, 43.1% o
employees we e elewo king in Ap il 2020, compa ed o 5.7% be o e he pandemic (Janua y 2020). In addi ion, du ing
he pandemic in F ance, 64% o employees wi h disabili ies chose o elewo k, compa ed o 53% o he gene al
popula ion. The ac o s ha in luence wo k expe ience a e ela ed o 3 pa s - he indi idual, he o ganiza ion and he
en i onmen - and a e app oxima ely 15. The use o elewo king du ing he pandemic by people wi h disabili ies has
men al, physical and social consequences. The su ey included 11 women (68.8%) and 5 men (31.3%), mainly aged 31-
56 yea s. O hese, 11 people had a senso y disabili y (80% ision, 20% hea ing), 3 people had a mo o disabili y
(muscula dys ophy, polio, spina bi ida), and 2 people had bo h senso y and mo o disabili ies. Du ing he pandemic,
he majo i y o employees wo ked om home, 7 wo ked om home in a specially designed wo kspace, and 25% o he
esponden s used wo ks a ions ha p o ided hem wi h app op ia e so wa e (enla gemen o le e s, ex - o-speech
con e sion, B aille no ebook), o ice equipmen , and compu e and human assis ance. (Lecou s e al., 2023)
Fac o s ha in luence he wo k expe ience o people wi h disabili ies du ing elewo king: (Lecou s e al., 2023)
• Equipmen o people wi h disabili ies
• Social con ac s
• Suppo om manage s and colleagues
• Pe sonal schedule managemen
• T a el ime- F ee ime
• Wo kload
• Home wo k en i onmen
5. Conclusions
A new o m o employmen , elewo king, has eme ged dynamically, and he indica ions con e ge o he conclusion ha
i s de elopmen will con inue in he u u e, cons i u ing a common belie o all pa icipan s in he esea ch. Telewo king
combines he exploi a ion o new echnological de elopmen s in he ield o In o ma ion Technology and
Communica ions in combina ion wi h a new wo k e hic ega ding he basic pa ame e s o he concep o wo k. A basic
p e equisi e o elewo king is he possibili y o pe o ming wo k emo ely, which in p ac ice means ha i mus be
pe o med h ough some o m o digi al-compu ing sys em. This also highligh s he need o educa e people wi h
disabili ies and special educa ional needs o ha e mo e p o essional p ospec s.
In summa y, he ad an ages o elewo king o employees wi h disabili ies can be summa ized as ollows:
• Gaining paid expe ience, can imp o e employees’ p o essional p o ile.
• B oadening p o essional ci cles can be an oppo uni y
• Access o employmen oppo uni ies ha would ei he no be possible o access o he wise o would be accessed
unde p oblema ic condi ions. A key dimension is he dis ance a eled o a place ha equi es physical
p esence. Ano he dimension is he possibili y o pe o ming wo k in a ime ame ha de ia es om he
es ablished 8-hou wo kday.
• The abili y o espond o eme gency wo k needs in a imely manne .
• The e is an oppo uni y o claim imp o ed income, ei he as a complemen a y ac i i y o by inding a be e -
paid job in ela ion o he local ma ke .
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 731-740
736
• I can be an al e na i e o se ing he employee's pe sonal needs, such as in he case o amily needs o e en
illnesses.
• I can o e be e wo king en i onmen condi ions, p o ided ha he space om which elewo k is pe o med
is app op ia ely con igu ed o p o ide peace and unc ionali y o he pe o mance o he wo k.
• I can be he beginning o one's own en ep eneu ship i i sui s he p o essional aspi a ions o he elewo ke .
Telewo king is undoub edly he u u e o he wo k sec o . Telewo ke s can choose whe e and how hey will li e,
ega dless o whe e hey wo k. Businesses can choose he mos capable employees om all o e he wo ld. In addi ion,
he e is a balance be ween wo k and amily as long as he e is a s uc u ed wo kspace a home wi hou in e e ence
om oomma es. Du ing he pandemic, i was di icul o wo king pa en s o pe o m elewo k because schools we e
closed, and hey could no help ela i es o s a wi h home and child ca e due o he es ic i e measu es aken o
sp ead he i us and ea . In addi ion, elewo ke s a e o ced o cons an ly expand hei knowledge o keep up wi h
echnological de elopmen and o be able o cope wi h elewo k. I also allows people who ind i di icul o wo k in
pe son, such as mo he s wi h young child en, single-pa en amilies, people ca ing o elde ly indi iduals, and people
wi h physical disabili ies. Telewo king p o ides lexibili y o employees h ough he abili y o o ganize wo k by
hemsel es. Explo ing he app oach o elewo king in ela ion o indi iduals who p esen di e ences due o disabili ies
o special educa ional needs would be pa icula ly in e es ing.
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Acknowledgmen s
The Au ho s would like o hank he SPECIALIZATION IN ICTs AND SPECIAL EDUCATION: PSYCHOPEDAGOGY OF
INCLUSION Pos g adua e s udies Team, o hei suppo .
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
The Au ho s p oclaim no con lic o in e es .
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