New Readout Codification in Large-Area Multi-Gap Timing RPCs for Muon Scattering Tomography

In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
New Readou Codi ica ion in
La ge-A ea Mul i-Gap Timing RPCs
o Muon Sca e ing Tomog aphy
Jo˜ao Ped o Sa ai a
Labo a o y o Ins umen a ion and
Expe imen al Pa icle Physics
LIP Coimb a – Po ugal
San iago de Compos ela - Sep embe 9–13, 2024
joao.sa ai a@coimb a.lip.p
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 1 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Ou line
In oduc ion
Expe imen al Se up
Me hod
Resul s
Applica ions
Conclusion
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 2 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Backg ound
RPCs a e well sui ed o la ge-a ea applica ions, since:
• hey can be buil a ela i ely low cos
•co e la ge su aces wi h high e iciency, spa ial and ime
esolu ions
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 3 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Backg ound
RPCs a e well sui ed o la ge-a ea applica ions, since:
• hey can be buil a ela i ely low cos
•co e la ge su aces wi h high e iciency, spa ial and ime
esolu ions
D i ing cos o he de ec o :
•F on -End Elec onics and ela ed elec onics
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 3 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Backg ound
RPCs a e well sui ed o la ge-a ea applica ions, since:
• hey can be buil a ela i ely low cos
•co e la ge su aces wi h high e iciency, spa ial and ime
esolu ions
D i ing cos o he de ec o :
•F on -End Elec onics and ela ed elec onics
Fo e y la ge a eas wi h submillime ic spa ial eso-
lu ion, he numbe o FEE channels can each p ohibi i e
alues due o cos cons ain s
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 3 / 46

In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Backg ound
Fo ins ance, he Muon Sca e ing Tomog aphy (MST)
o a shipping con aine equi es a sensi i e a ea ∼130 m2
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 4 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Backg ound
Fo ins ance, he Muon Sca e ing Tomog aphy (MST)
o a shipping con aine equi es a sensi i e a ea ∼130 m2
wi h submillime ic spa ial esolu ion ⇒25000+ FEE chs
(assumed pi ch: 2.54mm)
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 4 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Objec i e
De elop a new eadou echnique wi h p ima y aim o :
•decoupling numbe o FEE channels &RPC
sensi i e a ea.
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 5 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Objec i e
De elop a new eadou echnique wi h p ima y aim o :
•decoupling numbe o FEE channels &RPC
sensi i e a ea.
Keeping:
•high spa ial esolu ion ⇝<1 mm σ
• e y good ime esolu ion ⇝<100 ps σ
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 5 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Pa icle hi - I
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 9 / 46

In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Pa icle hi - II
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 10 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Pa icle hi - III
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 11 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Wide-S ip Readou PCB
The ambigui y aised by g ouping oge he he hin s ips
mus be disen angled in o de o de e mine in
which g oup he signal was in ac induced
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 12 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Pa icle hi - IV
The wide-s ip eadou elec ode p o ides an addi ional 2D
aw posi ion o each e en , allowing he impinged g oup o be
iden i ied in bo h di ec ions
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 13 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Wide-S ip Readou PCB - II
5 FEE channels =⇒
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 14 / 46

In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Laye Diag am & Full Se up
S ack o 2 RPCs wi h ac i e a ea o 30×30 cm2
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 15 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
De ec o ope a ed du ing weeks wi h cosmic ays
•Open gas low, wi h R-134a (95.5%) and SF6 (4.5%)
•Reduced ield se o ∼380 Td (∼2.75 kV/gap, 92 kV/cm)
Coincidence T igge
gene a ed ex e nally by plas ic
scin illa o s abo e and below
he RPCs:
•8×4×1cm3coupled o SiPMs
•8×2×3cm3coupled o PMTs
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 16 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
2D ine posi ion
•Cha ge in eg a ing FEE (cus om-designed)
∗2×24 chs
•In eg a ion o he as and slow componen s o he induced
signals
•Pulses digi ally p ocessed a e digi iza ion ( apezoidal il e )
•X ine,Y ine ia cha ge in e pola ion
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 17 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
2D aw posi ion + ime
• as FEE (HADES @ GSI Da ms ad )
∗2×5 chs (bo h ends o 5 wide s ips)
•T= (T +Tb)/2( on ( ) & back (b))
•Ycou se = (T −Tb)/2
•Q ia Time o e Th eshold me hod
( as componen o he induced signals)
•Xcou se ia cha ge in e pola ion
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 18 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Muon Sca e ing Tomog aphy (MST)
Applica ion equi ing la ge sensi i e a ea + high spa ial esolu ion
FLUKA 1s s ep sim.: ex ac muon lux a sea le el
•a mosphe ic model: 100 laye s om 0 o
70 km abo e sea le el wi h di e en densi ies
•sco ing be ween h ee cones o speci ic
geomagne ic la i ude
•P ima y spec a, Galac ic C. Ray sou ce:
- Ion lux om Z = 1 o Z = 28 modula ed
o a minimum sola ac i i y;
- Ene gy: om 100MeV o 100TeV;
- Geog aphic la /long: 40.20ºN/8.42ºW;
- Al i ude: 105 m;
- Ve ical cu o igidi y: 7.5 GeV;
- Geomagne ic cu -o accep ance: 7 GeV.
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 25 / 46

In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
MST – Two s ep simula ion
Muon lux a sea lea el (1s s ep) a e wa ds used in o a
plana geome y wi h 4 RPCs and 10×10×10 cm3high-Z
ma e ial blocks a he cen e o he de ec o (2nd s ep):
FLUKA geome y
Fou 1.6×1.2 m2RPCs, 45 cm apa
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 26 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
MST – Two s ep simula ion
Muon lux a sea lea el (1s s ep) a e wa ds used in o a
plana geome y wi h 4 RPCs and 10×10×10 cm3high-Z
ma e ial blocks a he cen e o he de ec o (2nd s ep):
FLUKA geome y
Fou 1.6×1.2 m2RPCs, 45 cm apa doi.o g/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168183
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 26 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
MST – Lynch & Dahl o mula
θ0=13.6 MeV
βcp z x
X01 + 0.038ln xz2
X0β2 ad
( ms wid h o he p ojec ed angula dis ibu ion)
•Angula dis ibu ion due o
he mul iple sca e ings ollows
a gaussian dis ibu ion
•4 GeV muons in 10 cm hick
ma e ial, Fe: ∼0.5º, W: ∼1º
High spa ial esolu ion needed
due o he p ecision needed o
measu e he small sca e ing
angles
10 1100101102
P [GeV/c]
100
101
102
(m ad)
Ai
H20
Al
Fe
Ag
Pb
W
U
0.057
0.573
5.730
(°)
s. Momen um - 10 cm hick ma e ials
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 27 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
MST - Ma e ial Budge - I
Angula dis ibu ions om FLUKA simula ions o he
sca e ed muons inside he iducial egion
Compa ing simula ions:
• ull geome y:
RPCs +Tungs en block
(10×10×10 cm3) + ai
•’signal’:
ungs en block only
•’noise’:
all excep ungs en: RPCs
+ ai
100
101
102
103
104
105
Occu ences
RPCs + Tungs en block + Ai
Tungs en block only
RPCs + Ai
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
Angle (º) o sca e ed muons
0
2
4
SNR
SNR = Tungs en / RPCs+ai (SNR = 1 -> =~12.71º)
Muon sca e ings om he ungs en block a e dominan abo e ∼12◦
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 28 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
MST - Ma e ial Budge - II
I only muon o high ene gy: abo e 500 MeV
100
101
102
103
104
105
Occu ences
E>0.5GeV; RPCs + Tungs en block + Ai
E>0.5GeV; Tungs en block only
E>0.5GeV; RPCs + Ai
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
Angle (º) o sca e ed muons
0
2
4
SNR
SNR = Tungs en / RPCs+ai (SNR = 1 -> =~0.89º)
Muon sca e ings om he ungs en block a e dominan abo e ∼0.9◦
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 29 / 46

In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
MST - Ma e ial Budge - III
I only muon o low ene gy: below 500 MeV
100
101
102
103
104
105
Occu ences
E<0.5GeV; RPCs + Tungs en block + Ai
E<0.5GeV; Tungs en block only
E<0.5GeV; RPCs + Ai
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
Angle (º) o sca e ed muons
0
2
4
SNR
SNR = Tungs en / RPCs+ai (SNR = 1 -> =~30.44º)
Muon sca e ings om he ungs en block a e dominan abo e ∼30◦
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 30 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
MST - Ma e ial Budge - 3D plo o PoCAs
Poin o Closes App oach (PoCA) be ween inciden and exi ing
aj.; applied es ic ions: sca e s >1.5◦
x [cm]
60 40 20 020 40 60
y [cm]
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
z [cm]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Plo ed POCAs: min: 1.50º -> max: 70.93º; Emin: 0.14 GeV -> Emax: 20.41 GeV
Res ic ions: ang: >01.5, ene gy: >0.0, posi ion: [-60, 60, -80, 80, 48, 90]
A) 629963 POCAs; B) 447293 inside inne RPCs (71.00% o A);
C) 30759 plo ed POCAs (6.88% o B); D) 3444 inside shielding (11.20% o C)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
E [GeV]
Low ene gy muons highly a ec ed by he ma e ial budge
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 31 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
MST - Ma e ial Budge - 3D plo o PoCAs
Poin o Closes App oach (PoCA) be ween inciden and exi ing
aj.; applied es ic ions: sca e s >1.5◦&E>500 MeV
x [cm]
60 40 20 020 40 60
y [cm]
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
z [cm]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Plo ed POCAs: min: 1.50º -> max: 51.37º; Emin: 0.50 GeV -> Emax: 20.41 GeV
Res ic ions: ang: >01.5, ene gy: >0.5, posi ion: [-60, 60, -80, 80, 48, 90]
A) 629963 POCAs; B) 447293 inside inne RPCs (71.00% o A);
C) 10150 plo ed POCAs (2.27% o B); D) 3288 inside shielding (32.39% o C)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
E [GeV]
Low ene gy muons ha e high sca e s e en in ai ⇒ ejec hem!
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 32 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
MST - Time o Fligh (TOF)
Fo ∼100 ps ime esolu ion: 300 MeV/c muons can be
ejec ed o a iducial egion o 0.45 m (1 GeV/c o 5 m)
10 1100101
P [GeV/c]
100
101
102
103
104
(ps)
=
muon
-
45 cm
500 cm
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 33 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
How long o iden i y he 10 cm ungs en block?
wi h submillime ic spa ial esolu ion ⇒less han 1 min
Applied app oach:
•di ide he iducial egion in o 5×5×5 cm3 oxels
•popula e oxels wi h POCAs (con ol un sub ac ed)
•compu e he a e age numbe o POCAs pe oxel (µ)
•sea ch o ou lie s ela i e o he mean (µ)
•plo he ou lie s wi h highes numbe o POCAs, inside
(’good oxel’) and ou side (’bad oxel’) he ungs en
block egion
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 34 / 46

In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
How long o iden i y he 10 cm ungs en block?
wi h submillime ic spa ial esolu ion ⇒less han 1 min
Applied app oach:
•di ide he iducial egion in o 5×5×5 cm3 oxels
•popula e oxels wi h POCAs (con ol un sub ac ed)
•compu e he a e age numbe o POCAs pe oxel (µ)
•sea ch o ou lie s ela i e o he mean (µ)
•plo he ou lie s wi h highes numbe o POCAs, inside
(’good oxel’) and ou side (’bad oxel’) he ungs en
block egion
• epea he p ocedu e o di e en spa ial esolu ions
(0.3 mm and ∼10 mm σx,y)
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 34 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
How long o iden i y he 10 cm ungs en block?
wi h submillime ic spa ial esolu ion ⇒less han 1 min
Applied app oach:
•di ide he iducial egion in o 5×5×5 cm3 oxels
•popula e oxels wi h POCAs (con ol un sub ac ed)
•compu e he a e age numbe o POCAs pe oxel (µ)
•sea ch o ou lie s ela i e o he mean (µ)
•plo he ou lie s wi h highes numbe o POCAs, inside
(’good oxel’) and ou side (’bad oxel’) he ungs en
block egion
• epea he p ocedu e o di e en spa ial esolu ions
(0.3 mm and ∼10 mm σx,y)
•dec ease he exposu e ime and epea all he abo e!
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 34 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
How long o iden i y he 10 cm ungs en block?
wi h submillime ic spa ial esolu ion ⇒less han 1 min
0 10 20 30 40 50
ime [min]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
(POCAs_pe Voxel - ) /
10 cm W, wi hou digi ize - Good oxels
10 cm W, wi hou digi ize - Bad oxels
10 cm W, 0.3 mm spa ial es. - Good oxels
10 cm W, 0.3 mm spa ial es. - Bad oxels
10 cm W, ~1 cm spa ial es. - Good oxels
10 cm W, ~1 cm spa ial es. - Bad oxels
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 35 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
How long o iden i y he 10 cm ungs en block?
1-min exposu e, no digi ize , all POCAs in he id. eg. + oxels
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 36 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
How long o iden i y he 10 cm ungs en block?
1-min, no digi ize , all POCAs in he id. eg.
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 36 / 46

In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
How long o iden i y he 10 cm ungs en block?
1-min, no digi ize , POCAs 10σ om µ(∼120 e en s)
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 36 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
How long o iden i y he 10 cm ungs en block?
1-min, 0.3 mm spa ial es., POCAs 10σ om µ(∼70 e en s)
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 36 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
How long o iden i y he 10 cm ungs en block?
10-mins, 10 mm spa ial es., POCAs 6σ om µ(∼33 e en s)
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 36 / 46
In oduc ion Expe imen al Se up Me hod Resul s Applica ions Conclusion
Conclusions
•A new eadou PCB was de eloped o educe he dependence
be ween he de ec o a ea and he numbe o FEE channels
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 37 / 46
SMPCB + Thin & Wide-S ip Readou PCBs
...
...
...
...
...
cha ge (Q)
T, (X,Y)cou se
Y ine
ime (T),
cha ge (Q)
X ine
cha ge (Q)
∫
∫
...
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 40 / 46

MST - Ma e ial Budge - 3D plo o PoCAs
Poin o Closes App oach (PoCA) algo i hm; applied es ic ions:
sca e s abo e 1.5◦&Emuons >1 GeV
x [cm]
60 40 20 020 40 60
y [cm]
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
z [cm]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Plo ed POCAs: min: 1.50º -> max: 42.55º; Emin: 1.00 GeV -> Emax: 20.41 GeV
Res ic ions: ang: >01.5, ene gy: >1.0, posi ion: [-60, 60, -80, 80, 48, 90]
A) 629963 POCAs; B) 447293 inside inne RPCs (71.00% o A);
C) 4027 plo ed POCAs (0.90% o B); D) 2633 inside shielding (65.38% o C)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
E [GeV]
Low ene gy muons highly a ec ed by he ma e ial budge
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 41 / 46
MST - Spa ial Resolu ion - I
Compa ison o angula dis ibu ions om gene a ed andom
numbe s ollowing gaussian dis ibu ions:
•4 gaussian dis ibu ions, one
on each plane, 45 cm apa ;
•dis ibi ions e ically aligned;
• wo spa ial esolu ions es ed:
1 cm s. 1 mm (σx&σy);
•plo angula dis ibu ions
be ween inciden and exi
ajec o ies.
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 42 / 46
MST - Spa ial Resolu ion - I
Compa ison o angula dis ibu ions om gene a ed andom
numbe s ollowing gaussian dis ibu ions:
•4 gaussian dis ibu ions, one
on each plane, 45 cm apa ;
•dis ibi ions e ically aligned;
• wo spa ial esolu ions es ed:
1 cm s. 1 mm (σx&σy);
•plo angula dis ibu ions
be ween inciden and exi
ajec o ies.
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 42 / 46
MST - Spa ial Resolu ion - II
σx=σy= 1 cm σx=σy= 1 mm
Ve ical ajec o ies wi h sca e ed angles up o 12ºin case o
de ec o s wi h a spa ial esolu ion o 1 cm (σ); signi ican
imp o emen in case o de ec o s wi h millime ic esolu ion.
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 43 / 46
MST - Spa ial Resolu ion - III
These wo geome ies esul in he same angula dis ibu ion:
Fiducial egion o 45 cm Fiducial egion o 5 m
The angula dis ibu ion imp o es inc easing he dis ance
be ween de ec o s abo e and below he iducial egion, bu
no inc easing he iducial egion!
(side e ec : educed de ec o accep ance)
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 44 / 46

MST – De ailed De ec o geome y
S ack o 2 MRPCs wi h 2 gas gaps each:
De ailed iew o one de ec o Laye diag am
RPC G oup - LIP Coimb a XVII Con e ence on Resis i e Pla e Chambe s Sep embe 13, 2024 45 / 46
Acknowledgmen
Wo k suppo ed by:
•Founda ion o Science and Technology (Po ugal)
(CERN/FIS-INS/0006/2021)
•Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 Resea ch and Inno a ion
p og amme unde G an Ag eemen AIDAinno a n.◦101004761
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