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MESSAGE BINARY MATRIX ROTATING TO PROTECT SECRET MESSAGE
Name Ali Ale awi
Mansou Ali Abu Sameha
Fa imaThahe Abu omman
Albalqa Applied Uni e si y, Jo dan
ABSTRACT
Recen ly, in oday’s in e connec ed digi al wo ld, he ansmission o bo h leng hy and concise sec e messages
is ubiqui ous ac oss di e se communica ion pla o ms. Wi h he p oli e a ion o sensi i e and specialized
in o ma ion being exchanged, sa egua ding hese messages om po en ial h ea s such as in ude s, abuse s, and
da a hacke s becomes impe a i e and i al issue. This pape esea ch p esen s an inno a i e app oach aimed a
s eamlining message p o ec ion p ocedu es while concu en ly hwa ing hacking a emp s. A he co e o he
p esen ed me hod lies he u iliza ion o a sophis ica ed a iable con en p i a e key designed o acili a e ease o
al e a ion wi hou comp omising he in eg i y o enc yp ion and dec yp ion ope a ions. The pi o al aspec
in ol es le e aging he use o a p i a e key o un a simple chao ic logis ic map model o gene a e he sec e
key, manda ing bo h he sende and ecei e o secu ely e ain his key. By employing selec ed chao ic
pa ame e s alues, he sec e key can seamlessly adap o ma ch he leng h o he con iden ial message. To
o i y he le el o secu i y, he message is ecommended o con e o bina y o ge he message bina y ma ix,
and he ows o his ma ix will be ea ed as blocks. Subsequen ly, he bi s wi hin each block a e consolida ed
in o a singula ec o , which unde goes a le o a ion by a p ede e mined numbe o bi s as speci ied by
gene a ed sec e key. The p esen ed me hodology is empi ically alida ed h ough he implemen a ion o a ious
sec e ex messages. Compa a i e analyses agains exis ing me hods unde sco e he e icacy and obus ness o
he p oposed app oach, subs an ia ing i s signi ican ad ancemen s in da a p o ec ion pa adigms.
Keywo ds:
C yp og aphy, SM, MBM, PK, CLMM, RLD.
INTRODUCTION
Recen ad ances in message c yp og aphy o en ocus on enhancing e iciency and secu i y [1-10]. This pape
esea ch in oduces a no el me hod o message c yp og aphy using message bina y ma ix ows o a ion,
le e aging hei inhe en ma hema ical p ope ies o secu e sec e messages [11-15]. Unlike he s anda d and
adi ional me hods used in many cu en applica ions such as DES, AES, o Blow ish, which ely on complex
subs i u ion and pe mu a ion ne wo ks, he p esen ed me hod u ilizes simple , ye e ec i e, o a ional
ans o ma ions o manipula e message bina y ma ix bi s. Message bina y ma ix ows o a ion le ope a ions
o e se e al unique ad an ages [16-20]. Fi s ly, hey a e compu a ionally simple and equi e ewe esou ces,
making hem ideal o en i onmen s wi h limi ed p ocessing capabili ies. Secondly, he de e minis ic na u e o
o a ional shi s ensu es a high-speed ope a ion, c ucial o eal- ime applica ions. In con as , he p esen ed
me hod capi alizes on he simplici y and speed o ma ix ows o a ions, enhancing h oughpu and educing
la ency in c yp og aphic ope a ions [21-25]. This makes i pa icula ly well-sui ed o secu ing messages in
high-speed ne wo ks o applica ions equi ing apid encoding and decoding, such as s eaming se ices o eal-
ime communica ions. By ocusing on hese aspec s, he in oduc ion can e ec i ely se he s age o de ailing
he p oposed c yp o-g aphic me hod and i s compa a i e bene i s o e exis ing echniques, di ec ly add essing
he eedback o mo e cla i y and a ionale in you exposi ion [26-30].
The impo ance o enc yp ing con iden ial messages lies in main aining con iden iali y, in eg i y, and
au hen ici y, p o iding maximum da a p o ec ion om unau ho ized access and p e en ing ea esd opping and
manipula ion. Enc yp ion also ensu es he p i acy o sensi i e communica ions o indi iduals, businesses, and
go e nmen agencies, and con ibu es o compliance wi h legal da a p o ec ion s anda ds.
Message c yp og aphy has he ollowing bene i s [31-40]:
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- Con iden iali y and P i acy: Enc yp ion ans o ms messages in o codes ha can only be ead by hose
who possess he dec yp ion key, hus p o ec ing con e sa ions and sensi i e in o ma ion om
ea esd oppe s and hacke s.
- Da a In eg i y: Enc yp ion ensu es ha messages a e no al e ed o ampe ed wi h du ing ansmission
and helps de ec any a emp o change hei con en .
- Au hen ica ion: Enc yp ion helps e i y he iden i y o he sende and ecipien , ensu ing ha he
message comes om a us ed sou ce and goes only o he in ended ecipien .
- P o ec ion om Th ea s: Enc yp ion p o ides a s ong laye o secu i y agains iden i y he and
inancial aud, p o ec ing sensi i e pe sonal and business in o ma ion om he o unau ho ized
access.
- Regula o y Compliance: Da a enc yp ion is a p e equisi e o complying wi h da a p o ec ion
egula ions in many sec o s, such as heal hca e and inance.
The p esen ed me hod aims o add ess he need o p o ec ing bo h long and sho ex messages om po en ial
abuse s, in ude s, o da a hacke s [41-45]. The main objec i e is o simpli y he message p o ec ion p ocess
while making i challenging o hacke s o comp omise messages. A no el me hod will be p esen ed, ocusing
on he u iliza ion o a complex a iable con en p i a e key ha can be easily modi ied wi hou al e ing he
enc yp ion and dec yp ion p ocedu e [46-50].
A key aspec o he p esen ed me hod is he u iliza ion o a complex a iable con en p i a e key. This p i a e
key can be easily modi ied wi hou dis up ing he enc yp ion and dec yp ion p ocedu es, he eby enhancing he
secu i y o he sys em. The sec e key is gene a ed om p i a e key by unning a simple chao ic logis ic map
model (CLMM) [51-55].
Message c yp o me hod usually con ains enc yp ion unc ion (EF) in he message sende pa and dec yp ion
unc ion (DF) in he message ecei e pa (see igu e 1). The EF manipula es he o iginal sou ce sec e message
(SM) and he p i a e key (PK) o p oduce he enc yp ed (ciphe ) message, while he DF manipula es he ciphe
message and he PK o p oduce he dec yp ed (o iginal) SM [56-60].
Figu e 1: SM c yp o p ocess diag am
A good c yp o me hod mus mee he ollowing equi emen s [61-70]:
- Secu i y: The me hod mus enhance he secu i y o he enc yp ion and dec yp ion p ocedu es o make i
di icul o hacke s o comp omise messages. The me hod mus use a PK longe han 100 bi s, his
leng h will be s ong enough and i will p o ide a key space capable o esis hacking a acks.
- Enc yp ion quali y: The enc yp ion phase should esul in a high deg ee o da a dis o ion, which can be
quan i ied using quali y pa ame e s. In his pape esea ch, he ollowing will be deployed: he mean
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squa e e o (MSE) as depic ed in (1), peak signal- o-noise a io (PSNR) as depic ed in (2), and
co ela ion coe icien (CC) be ween he o iginal and enc yp ed-dec yp ed da a. Du ing enc yp ion, he
MSE alue should be no ably high, while he PSNR alue should be co espondingly low and he CC
alue should signi ican ly de ia e om 1 [71-75].
- Dec yp ion quali y: In he dec yp ion phase, he MSE alue should app oach ze o, indica ing minimal
dis o ion, while he PSNR alue should app oach in ini y, indica ing high- ideli y econs uc ion.
Addi ionally, he CC alue should app oach 1, signi ying s ong co ela ion be ween he o iginal and
dec yp ed da a [76-80].
- E iciency: The c yp o me hod mus ul ill he p e- equisi es o e ec i e c yp og aphy, achie ing he
ollowing objec i es: op imiza ion o quali y pa ame e s h oughou enc yp ion and dec yp ion phases,
minimiza ion o enc yp ion and dec yp ion imes o maximize h oughpu (speed), and ensu ing
lexibili y and ease o implemen a ion wi h p o isions o easy accele a ion i necessa y. The
con iden ial da a u ilized o gene a e he sec e key mus be in ica e and esis an o deciphe ing o
hacking [81-86].
- Flexibili y: The me hod mus be e icien ly used o p ocess sho and long messages; he use mus
ha e he abili y o change he PK wi hou he need o change he EF and DF.
- Simplici y: The me hod mus use simple p ocedu es o sec e key gene a ion, SM enc yp ion and SM
dec yp ion [1-5].
RELATED WORKS
Nume ous sec e SM c yp og aphy me hods exis [1-5], wi h many buil upon he ounda ion o s anda d
enc yp ion echniques like DES (Da a Enc yp ion S anda d), including a ian s, such as 3DES, AES (ad anced
enc yp ion s anda d), and Blow ish (BF). These s anda d me hods ope a e by a ying pa ame e s, such as key
leng h and numbe o ounds, as ou lined in Table 1 [29–31]. Howe e , s anda d enc yp ion me hods come wi h
inhe en limi a ions [6-10]:
1) PK leng h is ixed and canno be al e ed o each me hod, limi ing lexibili y.
2) Enc yp ed SM mus be segmen ed in o ixed-size blocks, o e ing li le adap abili y.
3) The numbe o ounds in he enc yp ion-dec yp ion p ocess is p ede e mined and unchangeable.
4) Sec e key gene a ion is obliga o y, wi h he PK used o de i e addi ional sub-keys .
5) While hese me hods yield high-quali y pa ame e alues in bo h enc yp ion and dec yp ion phases,
hey a e mos e icien wi h small- o medium-sized SMs. La ge SM sizes lead o educed h oughpu
and ine iciency.
6) Inc eased ound equi emen s p olong he c yp og aphy p ocess.
7) Many me hods necessi a e he use o an S-box, in oducing addi ional compu a ional o e head and
memo y equi emen s.
Table 1 p esen s an o e iew o key pa ame e s and cha ac e is ics associa ed wi h s anda d enc yp ion
me hods, including DES, 3DES, AES, and BF [1-10]. These me hods a e commonly used o secu ing SMs in
a ious applica ions, each wi h i s own se o ea u es and limi a ions.
1) PK leng h: This speci ies he leng h o he PK in bi s used in each enc yp ion me hod. The
leng h is ixed o each me hod, p o iding a ying le els o c yp og aphic s eng h.
2) Block size: Block size in bi s indica es he size o da a blocks p ocessed du ing enc yp ion and
dec yp ion. Simila o he PK leng h, he block size emains ixed o each me hod.
3) Abili y o deal wi h da a wi h big size: I e lec s he di icul y le el in handling image da a using he
espec i e enc yp ion-dec yp ion me hod.
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4) Enc yp ion quali y: I desc ibes he quali y o enc yp ion achie ed by each me hod, ypically e alua ed
based on pa ame e s, such MSE and PSNR [11-16].
5) Dec yp ion quali y: I ep esen s he quali y o dec yp ed da a, o en measu ed in e ms o MSE
and PSNR, wi h ideal scena ios exhibi ing ze o MSE and in ini e PSNR.
6) E iciency: I indica es he speed o enc yp ion and dec yp ion p ocesses. While some me hods ope a e
ela i ely slowly, o he s o e mode a e e iciency.
7) A ack: I iden i ies po en ial ulne abili ies o speci ic a ack me hods, including b u e o ce a -
acks, side-channel a acks, and dic iona y a acks.
8) S uc u e: I speci ies he unde lying s uc u e employed by each enc yp ion me hod, such as
Feis el o Subs i u ion-Pe mu a ion.
9) Block ciphe : I indica es he use o bina y ope a ions in he enc yp ion –dec yp ion p ocess.
10) Rounds: I e e s o he numbe o ounds o i e a ions pe o med du ing enc yp ion and
dec yp ion.
11) Flexibili y o modi ica ion: I indica es whe he he me hod allows o modi ica ions o pa ame e s o
key leng hs.
12) Simplici y: I e lec s he complexi y o he enc yp ion-dec yp ion me hod, wi h “No” indica ing highe
complexi y.
13) Secu i y le el: I e alua es he o e all secu i y le el p o ided by each enc yp ion me hod, anging om
adequa e o excellen .
14) Th oughpu (speed): I ep esen s he speed and e iciency o da a p ocessing, wi h highe h oughpu
indica ing as e enc yp ion and dec yp ion a es.
Table 1: Summe y o c yp o s anda d me hod ea u es[1-10]
Fea u e
DES
3DES
AES
BF
Rounds
16 and ixed
48 and ixed
10, 0 12 o 14 and
ixed
16 and ixed
PK leng h (bi s)
Fixed wi h 56 bi s
Fixed wi h 112 o
168 bi s
Fixed wi h 128, o
192 o 256 bi s
32 o 448 bi s
Secu i y le el
Adequa e
Adequa e
Excellen
Excellen
Da a blocking
Needed
Needed
Needed
Needed
Block size (bi s)
64 and ixed
64 and ixed
128 and ixed
64 and ixed
Abili y o deal
wi h SM wi h big
size
Di icul
Di icul
Di icul
Di icul
Enc yp ion quali y
Excellen
Excellen
Excellen
Excellen
Dec yp ion quali y
Excellen
Excellen
Excellen
Excellen
E iciency
Slow
Slow
Slow
Mode a e
A ack
B u e o ce a ack
B u e o ce a ack
Side-channel
a ack
Dic iona y a ack
S uc u e
Feis el
Feis el
Subs i u ion-
pe mu a ion
Feis el
Block ciphe
Bina y
Bina y
Bina y
Bina y
Flexibili y o
modi ica ion
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Simplici y
No
No
No
No
Speed
Low
Low
Low
Mode a e
This comp ehensi e o e iew assis s in unde s anding he s eng hs, weaknesses, and sui abili y o each
s anda d enc yp ion-dec yp ion me hod o di e en applica ions and secu i y equi emen s. The p esen ed
me hod employs a undamen al logical ope a ion o enhance da a secu i y [11-15]: le o a ion by a sec e key-
de end numbe o digi s. The o a ion le ope a ion can be easily implemen ed by applying a ci cula
mo emen s o he bi s as shown in igu e 2.The SM as shown in igu e 3 will be ep esen ed by a message
bina y ma ix (MBM), each ow will be ea ed as a message block, his ow will be o a ed le o a speci ied
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numbe o o a ing le digi s (RLD) de ined by he gene a ed sec e key (SK), and i is impo an o highligh
ha each ow will use i s own RLD.
Figu e 2: Ro a ing le ope a ion illus a ion
Figu e 3: Rep esen ing SM using MBM
This s a egic app oach ensu es obus SM p o ec ion by in oducing a ying laye s o complexi y and
ob usca ion, ende ing he enc yp ed da a mo e esis an o unau ho ized access and dec yp ion a emp s. T ough
he me iculous selec ion and implemen a ion o hese ope a ions, he p esen ed me hod aims o ele a e he
secu i y s anda ds o SM enc yp ion-dec yp ion me hodologies [20-26].
The p esen ed me hod will use a PK o 128 bi s leng h, his key will con ain he alues o he chao ic pa ame e s
and x, hese alues wi h he message leng h L will be used o un a chao ic logis ic map model (CLMM) o
gene a e he sec e key, which will con ains he alues o he RLDs o he MBM ows, igu e 4 shows how o
use he simple CLMM o gene a e he SK, while igu e 5 shows how o use SK o apply SM enc yp ion-
dec yp ion by applying o a ing le he bi s o each MBM ow bi s.
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Figu e 4: Using CLMM o gene a e SK
Figu e 5: Using SK o o a e le MBM ows
Me hodology: The enc yp ion-dec yp ion algo i hms
Enc yp ion algo i hm (see igu e 6):
Inpu s:
SM, PK
Ou pu :
Enc yp ed SM
P ocess:
(1) SM p epa a ion:
a) Ge he SM
b) Ge he message leng h (L)
c) Con e he SM o bina y o ge MBM.
(2) SK gene a ion:
a) Ge he PK alues ( and x).
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b) Run CLMM o gene a e a chao ic sequence (CS) wi h leng h equal L.
c) Con e he CS o in ege alues wi hin he ange 1 o 7.
(3) Enc yp ion:
Fo each MBM ow do he ollowing:
a) Ge he associa ed o he ow RLD om he SK.
b) Ex ac he ow.
c) Ro a e he ow o an RLD posi ions.
d) Re u n back he ow o MBM.
(4) Con e MBM o decimal.
(5) Con e he decimal esul s o cha ac e s o ge he enc yp ed SM.
Figu e 6: Enc yp ion algo i hm implemen a ion
Dec yp ion algo i hm (see igu e 7):
Inpu s:
Enc yp ed SM, PK
Ou pu :
Dec yp ed SM
P ocess:
(1) SM p epa a ion:
a) Ge he SM
b) Ge he message leng h (L)
c) Con e he SM o bina y o ge MBM.
(2) SK gene a ion:
a) Ge he PK alues ( and x).
b) Run CLMM o gene a e a chao ic sequence (CS) wi h leng h equal L.
c) Con e he CS o in ege alues wi hin he ange 1 o 7.
(3) Enc yp ion:
Fo each MBM ow do he ollowing:
a) Ge he associa ed o he ow RLD om he SK.
b) Ex ac he ow.
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c) Ro a e he ow o 8-RLD posi ions.
d) Re u n back he ow o MBM.
(4) Con e MBM o decimal.
(5) Con e he decimal esul s o cha ac e s o ge he dec yp ed SM.
Figu e 7: Dec yp ion algo i hm implemen a ion
RESULTS
Te p oposed me hod was implemen ed using MATLAB 7, capi alizing on he compu a ional capabili ies o a
p ocesso ope a ing a 2.4 MHz and an In el i5 p ocesso wi h a RAM capaci y o 8 GB. To ho oughly e alua e
i s pe o mance ac oss a ious scena ios, we employed a di e se ange o sho and long messages o di e en
leng hs du ing he implemen a ion phase. To u he alida e he me hod’s pe o mance, sho messages o
a ying leng hs we e enc yp ed. Concu en ly, s anda d da a c yp og aphy me hods we e also employed on he
same se o messages o compa a i e analysis. This igo ous e alua ion allows o a comp ehensi e
unde s anding o he p esen ed me hod’s e ec i eness and e iciency in secu ing da a con iden iali y ac oss
di e se message leng hs and enc yp ion echnique. Table 2 shows he ob ained expe imen al esul s o a sho
message. F om Table 2, i can be seen ha he p esen ed me hod is mo e e icien han he s anda d me hods o
SM c yp og aphy and dec eases he enc yp ion ime (ET), as shown in Figu e 8.
Table 2: ET (second) esul s o sho messages implemen a ion
L (cha ac e )
DES
3DES
AES
BF
P esen ed
24
0.1510
0.1800
1.1160
0.0864
0.0280
48
0.3020
0.3400
2.2120
0.1528
0.0290
72
0.4580
0.5200
3.3280
0.2392
0.0310
96
0.6140
0.7100
4.4340
0.3256
0.0340
120
0.7700
0.8009
5.5600
0.4120
0.0360
144
0.9260
1.0700
6.6760
0.5084
0.0390
168
1.0820
1.2400
7.8020
0.5048
0.0410
192
1.2380
1.4200
8.8280
0.6512
0.0430
216
1.3040
1.5200
9.9440
0.6776
0.0440
240
1.4600
1.7000
10.7600
0.7640
0.0460
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Figu e 8: Compa ison o enc yp ion imes o sho messages
F om Figu e 8, we can glean insigh s in o he compa ison o enc yp ion imes o sho messages be ween he
p oposed me hod and s anda d me hods o da a c yp og aphy. He e a e some key poin s ex ac ed om he
igu e:
1) E iciency o he p esen ed me hod: The p esen ed me hod demons a es supe io e iciency compa ed
o s anda d me hods, as e idenced by sho e enc yp ion imes ac oss a ious message leng hs.
2) Consis en pe o mance: Rega dless o he message leng h, he p oposed me hod consis en ly exhibi s
lowe enc yp ion imes han s anda d me hods, highligh ing i s obus ness and eliabili y in enc yp ing
sho messages.
3) Signi ican ime educ ion: The enc yp ion imes achie ed by he p oposed me hod a e no ably sho e
compa ed o hose o s anda d me hods. This educ ion in enc yp ion ime is c ucial o applica ions
equi ing apid da a enc yp ion wi hou comp omising secu i y.
4) Impac o message leng h: While he e is a ia ion in enc yp ion imes based on message leng h, he
p oposed me hod consis en ly ou pe o ms s anda d me hods ac oss all message leng hs conside ed in
he
compa ison.
5) Real- ime enc yp ion capabili ies: Te as e enc yp ion imes o e ed by he p oposed me hod make
i well-sui ed o eal- ime applica ions whe e imely da a enc yp ion is essen ial. Long messages wi h
a ious leng hs we e selec ed; hese messages we e implemen ed using he p esen ed me hod, he
s anda d me hods o SM c yp og aphy we e also implemen ed using he same messages. Table 3 shows
he ob ained expe imen al esul s o he long messages.
