S
Technical epo no. 56, 2004
Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
Re ision o dep h
con ou s and
s a i ica ion o he
Wes G eenland Bo om
T awl Su ey o
No he n Sh imp
2
Ti le: Re ision o dep h con ou s and s a i ica ion o he Wes
G eenland Bo om T awl su ey o No he n sh imp
Au ho (s): Kai Wieland and Pe Kannewo
Se ial i le and numbe : Technical epo no. 56
Publishe : Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
Da e o publica ion: 1s July 2004
T ansla ion: So ia Geisle and Pe Kannewo
Co e pho o: Ca s en Ege ang
ISBN: 87-91214-08-4
ISSN: 1397-3657
Con ac add ess: The epo is only a ailable in elec onic o ma . You can
download a PDF- ile o he epo a his homepage
h p://www.na u .gl/publika ione / ekniske appo e
I is possible o achie e a p in o he epo he e:
Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
P.O. Box 570
3900 Nuuk
G eenland
Phone: +299 36 12 00
Fax: +299 36 12 12
E-mail: in o@na u .gl
www.na u .gl
3
Re ision o dep h con ou s
and s a i ica ion o he Wes
G eenland Bo om T awl
Su ey o No he n Sh imp
by
Kai Wieland and Pe Kannewo
Technical epo no. 56, 2004
Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
4
Con en s
Eqikkaaneq...................................................................................................................................... 5
Resumé ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Abs ac ............................................................................................................................................5
In oduc ion .................................................................................................................................... 6
Ma e ial and Me hods ................................................................................................................... 6
Da a sou ce and selec ion ................................................................................................... 6
Geos a is ical analysis.......................................................................................................... 7
Resul s and Discussion ............................................................................................................... 11
Ba hyme y ......................................................................................................................... 11
Su ey s a i ica ion .......................................................................................................... 11
Re e ences ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Acknowledgemen s ..................................................................................................................... 14
Appendix 1:
Selec ed inpu da a and compu ed dep h con ou s ...................................................... 15
Appendix 2:
S a um limi s, dep h s a i ica ion and a eas o he sh imp su ey in 2004 .......... 23
5
Eqikkaaneq
Ki aa a sine iaani ejenik aalisakkanillu ukiumoo umik Pinngo i ale i iup
misissui igisa agaa a anne saani paasissu issa i isuumi uu o aane mi pisu
naammagina umik u suiginassusilli suli pigineqanngilla . Taamaa umik paasissu issa
i isuumi kilisanne mi aammalu Paamiu misissuine ani angalla igineqa uni pissa sia
immikku sulia ineqa a ik ka i e neqa pu . Nalile suine mi uani paasissu issanu
unnga igineqa unu apiliunneqa pu qaamma aasaq a o lugu i isuumi uu o aane ni
paasisa .
Ki aani kilisalluni Pinngo i ale i iup misissuisa ne ani unnga iusup immap naqqa a
qale iiaa ne anu unngasup nalileqqinnissaanu i issu sip isikkua a sulia inissaanu
pe iuseq suu igussaasu oqimaaqa igiinne annik oqa ia uu i alik a o neqa poq.
Sumii ik misissui igineqa oq assaa oq a anna pasissu sip 59-p 73-llu ako nannii oq
aammalu Qeqe a suup Tunuani/Vaiga imi sine issap qani ua.
Resumé
I ho edpa en a de om åde langs G ønlands es kys , som G ønlands Na u ins i u
dække med å lige eje- iskesu eys, ha de ikke hid il æ e ilgængelige ba hyme iske
oplysninge med ils ækkelig pålidelighed. Dybdeda a, opsamle a awls a ione og a
sejl u e ne unde R/V Paamiu s su eys, e de o kompile e . Til s ø e o disse da a e
dybdeda a a sa elli højdemåling også med age i denne analyse. Geos a is ike me ode
e an end il kons uk ion a dybdekon u e med henblik på e ision a den
s a i ika ion, de ligge il g und o ud ø elsen a ins i u ionens awlsu eys ed
Ves g ønland. De unde søg e om åde dække de udenskæ s om åde mellem 59° og
73°N og indenskæ som åde Disko Bug / Vaiga .
Abs ac
Reliable in o ma ion on he ba hyme y o he Wes G eenland shel has been missing o
a subs an ial pa co e ed egula ly by su eys conduc ed by he G eenland Ins i u e o
Na u al Resou ces. The e o e, dep h da a eco ded a awls s a ions and along c uise
acks du ing su eys wi h RV Paamiu ha e been compiled. Addi ionally, dep h
in o ma ion de i ed om sa elli e al ime y has been included in he analysis.
Geos a is ical ools we e used o p o ide dep h con ou s o a e ision o he s a i ica ion
applied in he Wes G eenland Bo om T awl Su ey o no he n sh imp. The s udy a ea
co e ed Wes G eenland o sho e wa e s be ween 59 and 73°N and he insho e wa e s in
he Disko Bay /Vaiga a ea.
6
In oduc ion
The G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces has conduc ed annual s a i ied- andom
bo om awl su eys in he dis ibu ion a ea o no he n sh imp (Pandalus bo ealis) a
Wes G eenland since 1988. The a ea co e age o he su ey was g adually ex ended in
he ea ly yea s, and since 1993 he en i e Wes G eenland shel om 59°15’ o 72°30’N and
he insho e wa e s in he Disko Bay and Vaiga a ea has been co e ed. The main a ge
species is no he n sh imp and he majo i y o he awl s a ions a e alloca ed o dep hs
be ween 150 and 600 m acco ding o he dep h p e e ence o his species. Dep hs
shallowe han 150 m a e included in he su ey a ea sou h o 68°50’N (no he n limi o
NAFO di ision 1B) o collec addi ional in o ma ion on he dis ibu ion o deme sal ish
species.
The su ey s a a in a eas deepe han 150 m co espond o majo la i udinal di isions o
he Wes G eenland sh imp ishing g ounds (Ca lsson e al. 2000). The o sho e egion
sou h o 69°30’N and wes o 48°15’W ha e been s a i ied applying ou dep h anges:
150-200 m, 200-300 m, 300-400 m and 400-600 m. A ailable in o ma ion did no allow a
dep h s a i ica ion in he emaining su ey a ea, and he o sho e egion no h o 69°30’N
(wes and no hwes o Disko Island) and eas o 48°15’W (Julianehåb Bay) as well as he
insho e a ea (Disko Bay and Vaiga ) we e subdi ided in a numbe o small geog aphical
uni s ins ead (Fig. 1, Kannewo & Wieland 2001).
The dep h s a i ica ion o he o sho e su ey a ea sou h o 69°30’N and wes o 48°15’W
was based on dep h con ou s de i ed om geological su eys. Howe e , some
subs an ial de ia ions be ween hese dep h con ou s and he in o ma ion ob ained om
he echo sounde du ing he sh imp su eys we e ound. This made i egula ly necessa y
o mo e awl s a ions se e al nau ical miles away om he planned posi ion in o de o
main ain he o iginal dep h alloca ion.
In addi ion o in o ma ion om awl s a ions, con inuous dep h eco dings along c uise
acks ha e become a ailable om se e al su eys conduc ed by he G eenland Ins i u e
o Na u al Resou ces wi h RV Paamiu since 2000. These da a ha e been analyzed in he
p esen s udy oge he wi h esul s om sa elli e al ime y in o de o p o ide e ised
dep h con ou s and o modi y he s a i ica ion o he sh imp su ey.
Ma e ial and me hods
Da a sou ces and selec ion
Dep h a s a and end o awl ope a ions we e ex ac ed om he ins i u e’s da abase.
The da a se con ained sh imp su eys conduc ed in he yea s 1988 o 2003 co e ing
dep hs om 25 o 600 m and su eys o G eenland halibu in he yea s 1997 o 2003,
which co e ed mainly dep hs be ween 400 and 1500 m in he a ea be ween 62°30’ and
72°45’N.
Posi ion (GPS) and dep h eco dings along c uise acks we e made om RV Paamiu
du ing he sh imp su eys in he yea s 2000 o 2003 and he G eenland halibu su ey in
7
2003. Howe e , dep h da a we e no a ailable o he en i e su ey pe iods because he
echo sounde was swi ched o o he se ings we e no moni o ed p ope ly du ing
s eaming in some cases. F om he aw da a, which we e eco ded in ime in e als o
2 min, un eliable eco ds we e emo ed. False echo soundings we e iden i ied in
pa icula belonging o wo si ua ions:
- cons an alues occu ing o e a longe pe iod when he echo sounde was “locked”
o he ac ual dep h was ou o he selec ed ange;
- sudden jumps o a high alue wi h mo e a less cons an inc emen s when he echo
sounde los bo om con ac and e u ned close o he ini ial alue wi hin a sho
pe iod.
The emaining da a we e il e ed o a minimum spa ial esolu ion o 0.1 nau ical miles
along he c uise acks.
A dep h g id wi h a esolu ion o abou 2 km based on an in e pola ion o sa elli e
al ime y da a (see e.g. www. ngdc.noaa.go /mgg/ba hyme y o de ails on he
me hod) was downloaded om he in e ne (h p:// opex.ucsd.edu/cgi-
bin/ge _da a.cgi). This da a se was compa ed wi h he su ey obse a ions and sa elli e
al ime y da a we e emo ed in all a eas in which hey we e in con lic wi h he echo
sounde alues.
In he Disko Bay and Vaiga a ea as well as in he a ea no h o 72°N, which was no
co e ed by he sa elli e al ime y da a, addi ional geological in o ma ion was used.
The s udy a ea was di ided in o nine o e lapping pa s (Fig. 1) o p ac ical easons and
maps showing he co esponding da a se s a e gi en in he appendix 1.
The selec ed dep h da a we e ans e ed om he o iginal la i ude/longi ude coo dina es
o an UTM p ojec ion o allow a geos a is ical analysis and a ea calcula ions in eal
dis ance uni s wi h Su e (Golden So wa e, Inc., www.goldenso wa e.com).
Geos a is ical analysis
A geos a is ical analysis usually in ol es wo s eps: a) he iden i ica ion o he spa ial
s uc u e, e.g. h ough he calcula ion and he i ing o a a iog am, and b) he use o his
s uc u e, e.g. in he applica ion o a linea me hod o spa ial p edic ion such as k iging
(Chilès & Del ine 1999).
In he p esen s udy expe imen al a iog ams we e compu ed om he sample poin s as
an a e age o e all di ec ions (omnidi ec ional a iog am) acco ding o he classical
o mula:
()
∑
=
∗−+= )(
1
2
)()(
)(
1
5.0)( hN
iii xZhxZ
hN
h
γ
(1)
whe e N(h) is he numbe o expe imen al pai s Z(xi + h) - Z(xi) o da a sepa a ed by he
dis ance h. A dis ance lag wid h o 0.1 nau ical miles was used and only he su ey
obse a ions, i.e. dep h om he awl s a ions and he c uise acks, we e included in he
calcula ion in all cases while he maximum dis ance conside ed a ied in espec o he
ex ension o he di e en domains.
8
Figu e 1. Di ision o he s udy a ea and su ey s a i ica ion (shaded a ea) used in 2000 ( o al
su ey a ea: 118475 km²).
9
Va iog am models we e i ed using leas squa es applying a wo-componen s uc u e, a
nugge e ec and a sphe ical componen :
()
>
≤<
=
+
−+=
h
h
h
cc
h hcch
sn
sn 0
0
,
,)/(5.0/5.1
,0
)( 3
γ
(2)
whe e cn is he nugge e ec ep esen ing un esol ed small-scale a ia ion and
obse a ion e o , cs he ampli ude o he sphe ical componen , cn + cs he sill o he
a iog am ha ep esen s he maximum le el o a iabili y, and is he ange beyond
which he da a a e no longe au oco ela ed.
K iging is a linea es ima o accoun ing o he spa ial s uc u e and he geome ical
con igu a ion. I is op imal in he sense ha i is unbiased and i minimizes he a iance o
he es ima ion e o . In o dina y k iging, he k iging weigh s i
λ
, which a e a ibu ed o
he da a poin s when calcula ing he expec ed alue a a g id node and which minimize
he a iance o he es ima ion e o , a e ound by sol ing a sys em o linea equa ions:
0
( ) ( ) wha e e
1
jij i
j
i
i
x
xxx i
λγ µ γ
λ
−+= −
=
∑
∑
(3)
whe e
µ
is a Lag ange pa ame e cons aining he weigh s o sa is y he condi ion:
∑i
λ
= 100% = 1 (4)
In he p esen s udy, dep h g ids wi h a esolu ion o 0.1 nau ical miles we e compu ed
using o dina y poin k iging based on he i ed a iog am models and he en i e inpu
da a se s, i.e. su ey obse a ion and sa elli e al ime y da a, o he espec i e domains.
The dep h g ids we e smoo hed o e a dis ance ange o 0.5 nau ical miles a ound each
g id node wi h a Gaussian low pass il e and con ou s o 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600
and 1000 m we e ex ac ed.
The 150 m and 600 m con ou s we e used o ede ine he ou e limi s co e ed by he
sh imp su ey and he a eas o he s a a we e calcula ed co esponding o he ou dep h
anges used p e iously, i.e. 150-200 m, 200-300 m, 300-400 m and 400-600 m.
The dep h con ou s om he nine di e en domains we e inally ans e ed back o
la i ude/longi ude coo dina es and combined o he en i e s udy a ea.
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Appendix 2
S a um limi s, dep h s a i ica ion and a eas o he sh imp su ey in 2004.
24
72°N
71°N
73°N
56°W58°W60°W
54°W 52°W
62°W
Dep h
(m)
U2 U3
50
100
150
200
300
400
600
1000
70°N
71°N
56°W58°W60°W 54°W
Dep h
(m)
U1
I2
50
100
150
200
300
400
600
1000
25
70°N
69°N
51°W
52°W
53°W54°W
Dep h
(m)
I1
I2
50
100
150
200
300
400
600
1000
