1
C uise epo and p elimina y
esul s o he
acous ic/pelagic awl su ey
o Wes G eenland o
capelin and pola cod 2005
Technical epo no. 66, 2007
Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
2
Ti le: C uise epo and p elimina y esul s o he acous ic /
pelagic awl su ey o Wes G eenland o capelin and pola cod 2005
Au ho (s): B. Be gs øm & H. Vilhjalma sson
Se ial i le and numbe : Technical epo no. 66
Publishe : Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al
Resou ces
Da e o publica ion: Janua y 2008
Co e pho o: Ca s en Ege ang
ISBN 10: 87-91214-25-4
ISBN 13: 978-87-91214-25-7
ISSN: 1397-3657
Con ac add ess: The epo is only a ailable in elec onic o ma . You can
download a PDF- ile o he epo a his homepage
h p://www.na u .gl/publika ione / ekniske appo e
I is possible o achie e a p in o he epo he e:
Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al
Resou ces
P.O. Box 570
3900 Nuuk
G eenland
Phone: +299 36 12 00
Fax: +299 36 12 12
E-mail: [email p o ec ed]
www.na u .gl
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C uise epo and p elimina y
esul s o he
acous ic/pelagic awl su ey
o Wes G eenland o
capelin and pola cod 2005
by
B. Be gs øm & H. Vilhjalma sson
Technical epo no. 66, 2007
Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
4
Eqqikaaneq
Angalane mi nalunaa usiaq manna Kalaalli Nunaa a Ki aani 2005-imi ammassa ,
uukka kiisalu illeqqa qaamasa u misissui igineqa ne anni ine ne ugalla unik
kiisalu misissuine mi pe iusaasunik imaqa poq. Misissuineq sep embe /ok obe
2005-imi inge lanneqa poq, Kalaalli Nunaa alu ikkanne suani allo niusaq 73° N-
mii 60° N-p missaanu kiisalu Ki aani kange lui ilaanni inge lanneqa luni. Nipimik
u e saa i sisa luni paasissu issanik ka e sineq ike inna miillu misile agassanik
ka e sineq immami miluumasu immissallu ima miu akulikissusaasa, qanoq
sia ua sima igine isa assigiinngiiaassusaasalu nalile so neqa ne annik akoqa inne-
qa poq.
Nipimik (38kHz aamma 120kHz) u e saa i sisa luni paasissu issa misissui inni
kangianii kimmu sammisuni 22 sømilinik aku ussusilinni, sine issamiillu 3
sømilinik a asi sigisumii kimmu 400 mii e inik i issusilimmii umu
ka e so neqa pu . Uumassusilli nipimik u e ia i sisa u akuneqa u suussu-
se sinia ne a kingunissalimmik ike innakku kilisannikku kiisalu plank oninik
kilisannikku iluaquse neqa poq, imaanillu paasissu issa CTD-mik uu o aane i
iluaqu igalugi ka e so neqa lu ik. Kangianii kimmu i a ne ni misissui iusuni
imaani miluumasu immissallu ima miu alaa sinaaqa igii uni ma luiusuni
a aa sikku suussuse sineqa a pu kisinneqa lu illu.
CTD-mik uu o aane ni paasissu issa unnga igalugi ine niugalla u
ilimana si ippaa imaq ”Tunumi sa aminngaannee soq” misissui iusumi ama mi
73° N ikillugu naamma uugassaasoq, ”A lan ikumiilli immami ” kissa umi
sunne neqa neq 67-68° N-p missaanni annikillia uaale luni. Misissui igineqa up
a aani a anna liusumi kissassuseq a aa simoo oq anne oqisoq (3-4° C)
sep embe ip naale ne ani suli maluginiagassaa oq, misissui igineqa ulli a aani
kujalliusumi amanna annikinne ujussuu oq ilaa igullu allaa naamma uugas-
saasa ani.
Misissui igineqa up a anna pasinne paa aani (73-70° N) nalinginnaasumik uuk-
ka (Bo eogadus saida) aammalu kingui (Themis o sp.) nassaa ineqa pu .
Ikkanne sua ni ammassaqanngilluinnangajappoq (Mallo us illosus), kange lunnili
ikinneqa uni kiisalu sine issamu qani uni (70-60° N-ip ako nanni) peqa luni.
Kange lunni aakkunani sine issamullu qani umi ammassaqassuseq 170.000-200.000
onsi missaanniissasoq nalile neqa poq.
Misile aa i ka e so neqa u angissu sinu aggua aa ne isa nalile soqqissaa ne isa
ilimana si ippaa aappaagumu su isinnaasussa aammalu ukioq mannamee su
pi issami misissui iusumi pi immi misissui igineqa umi nassaassaanngilluin-
nangaja u . Kange lunni sine issamullu qani uni aalisakka naamma oo neqa u
1-2-nik ukioqa pu .
Pi iup anne saani illeqqa qaamasa u (Meganyc iphanes no egica) aku usuuni
a aa simoo o suakkuu aa nassaa ineqa pu , 65° aamma 62° N-ip ako nanni e seq-
qissumik ame lane saallu ik.
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Saa ulleeqqa (Gadus mo hua) (ukioq manna uke u ), ilaannee ia luni sulup-
paakkanik (Sebas es sp.) ukioq manna uke unik ilaqa u Na saliup Nano allillu
ikkanne suini (61°-60° N) akulikilluinna umik naamma uugassaappu .
Nalunaaqu ap akunne ini 222-ini pile saa u igineqa u u 195-e ia luni alaa sinaan-
ne up inge lane ani immami miluumasu a aasiakkaa 577-i akuneqa pu . A e i
assigiinngi su ka illugi 13-i akuneqa pu . Ki aa a a a aani salliu illugu misissui -
igineqa umu inge laa ne up nalaani a e i assigiinngiiaa ne paa ia Da is S æ-
demi Tunullu a a aani naamma oo neqa pu (a e ni assigiinngi suni 13-iusuni
assigiinngi su 11 akuneqa lu ik). Tikaagulliusaanik (Balaenop e a physalus) akusa-
qa a neq nalinginnaasumik sine issamu qani umi pisa poq, ame lane saa Qeqe -
a suup Tunua a Sisimiullu ako nanni, Nunap Isua a ki aani kiisalu Kong F ede ik
VI- a sine iaa a a a aani Ammassalik ikillugu naamma oo neqa lu ik. Tikaa-
gulliusaa akuneqa igisaanni ikaagullii (Balaenop e a acu o os a a) akuneqa pu .
Qeqe a suup Tunua a a annaani a e nik akusoqanngilaq.
Qipoqqaa (Megap e a no aeangliae) sine issamu ungasissumi sine issamullu qani -
umi akuneqa pu . A e i aakku aakku uaappu kange lunni akuneqa u , ame -
lane igu kange lui paa inii a lu ik.
Angalane up nalaani nalunaaqu ap akunne ini 67-ini alaa sinaa iusuni 400- ia luni
10 minu sinik si isussusilinnik imaani immissa alaa sinaanneqa pu . Peqqis-
saa umik kisi sine i nalaanni immissa assigiinngi su 34-i akuneqa u nalu-
naa so neqa pu , aakkunannga 27- i a ne ni misissui iusuni 300 mii e i iluini.
qaninne usumiillu ik. Takuneqakulane paaq immissanillu ame lane paasu as-
saappu qaqullui (Fulma us glacialis) ( i a ne mi misissui iusumi 300 mii e i iluini
akusa 2578-ini ame lane ullu ik), ulle i aa aa e aa (Rissa idac yla) ( aku-
sa =2132), appalia sui ( akusa =1675) kiisalu appa (U ia lom ia) ( akusa =347).
Angalane up nalaani pi issaq ama luinnangajaa qaqullui umia sua mu
qanilluinna u akuneqa ua pu . Ilaannee ia luni qaqullui ima ame la igisa pu
immissanik aakkuninnga ulle iinnile so luakkamik kisi sineq inge lanneqa -
sinnaasa ani, ma lo iaammik kisi sisinngo i sisoo sinnaaneq pissu igalugu.
Sammen a ning
Denne ekniske appo indeholde de o eløbige esul a e a og besk i e
unde søgelsesme ode ne o 2005-ko lægningen a lodde, pola o sk og
k ill/lysk ebs i Ves g ønland. Ko lægningen o egik i sep embe /ok obe 2005 og
dækkede de es g ønlandske pla eau a 73° N il om en 60° N sam nogle
es g ønlandske jo de. Indsamling a akus iske da a og pelagisk p ø eud agning
ble kombine e med u de ing a ha pa edy og sø ugles æ hed, udb edelse og
di e si e .
Akus iske da a (38 kHz og 120 kHz) ble indsamle unde E/W- ansek e med ci ka
22 sømils mellem um i en a s and a ci ka 3 sømil a kys en og es ud il 400 me e -
dybdeku en/isoba hen. Bes emmelsen a de obse e ede lyda gi ende o ganisme
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ble acili e e a mål e e pelagisk awl og plank on awl æk, og de hyd og a iske
da a ble indsamle ed hjælp a CTD-målinge . To sepa a e obse a ionshold
iden i ice ede og al e simul an ha pa edy og sø ugle langs ansek e ne.
De o eløbige esul a e base e på CTD-da a yde på, a and a den
”øs g ønlandske s øm” a il s ede i de samlede unde søgelsesom åde il 73° N,
mens ind lydelse a de a me ”a lan iske and” begynd e a a age omk ing 67-68°
N. E mege s æ k a mekon inuum (3-4° C) kunne s adig kons a e es i den no dlige
hal del a unde søgelsesom åde i slu ningen a sep embe , mens de e a lang
mind e ud al og endog a æ ende isse s ede i den sydlige del a de ud o skede
om åde.
Gene el ble de unde pola o sk (Bo eogadus saida) og am ipode (Themis o sp.) i
den alle no dligs e del a unde søgelsesom åde (73-70° N).
Lodde (Mallo us illosus) a s o se a æ ende på banke ne, men næ æ ende i de
besøg e jo de sam æ på kys om åde ne (mellem 70-60° N). Loddebiomassen i
disse jo de og æ på kys om åde ne ble anslåe il a be inde sig i
s ø elseso denen 170.000-200.000 ons.
En o eløbig analyse a s ø elses o delingen i de indsamlede p ø e yde på, a
både næs e å s gydningskomponen sam 0-g uppen p ak isk al udeble i
unde søgelsesom åde i de ids um, de ble ud o ske . De isk, de ble obse e e
i jo dene og æ på kys om åde ne, a 1-2 å gamle.
De ble unde k ill/lysk ebs (Meganyc iphanes no egica) i sp ed e
sammenhobninge i de mes e a om åde med en ud al øge o ekoms mellem 65°
og 62° N.
Ung o sk (Gadus mo hua) (0-g uppe), lejligheds is blande med 0-g uppe- ød isk
(Sebas es sp.), op åd e med emmelig høj æ hed mellem Na salik- og Nano alik-
banke ne (61°-60° N).
De ble o e age 195 obse a ione a 577 indi iduelle ha pa edy i løbe a de 222
ime s il e elag e obse a ione . I al ble de obse e e e en h ala e . Den
s ø s e h aldi e si e ble obse e e i Danma k S æde og ud o Øs g ønland (11
ud a de 13 h ala e ) unde o e a en il de p imæ e unde søgelsesom åde ud o
Ves g ønland. Gene el ble obse a ione a inh ale (Balaenop e a physalus)
indsamle i kys om åde ne, h o a ke neom åde ne be and sig mellem Diskobug en
og Sisimiu , es o Kap Fa el og ud o Kong F ede ik VI‟s kys op il Ammassalik.
Vågeh ale (Balaenop e a acu o os a a) ble obse e e i de samme om åde som
inh ale ne. De ble ikke obse e e nogen h ale no d o Diskobug en.
De ble obse e e pukkelh ale (Megap e a no aeangliae) både ud a og ind mod
kys e ne. Denne a a den enes e, de ble obse e e inde i jo dene, o de mes e
æ på jo dens udmunding.
De ble o e age næs en 400 sø ugleobse a ione a i minu e s a ighed i løbe a
de 67 obse a ions ime , de samle ble o e age på og e . De ble egis e e 34
uglea e , h o a 27 ble obse e e inden o 300 me e - ansek bånde unde de
sys ema iske op ællinge . Den hyppigs o ekommende og al iges e a a
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mallemuk (Fulma us glacialis) (n>2578 i 300 me e - ansek bånde ) e e ulg a ide
(Rissa idac yla) (n=2132), søkonge (n=1675) og pola lom ie (U ia lom ia) (n=347).
De ble se mallemukke æ på skibe næs en kon an på hele og e . A og il a
de så mange mallemukke omk ing skibe , a sys ema iske op ællinge a denne
uglea ikke lod sig gø e på g und a isikoen o dobbel ælling.
Summa y
This c uise epo gi es p elimina y esul s and desc ibes su ey me hods o he
2005 Wes G eenland su ey o capelin, pola cod and k ill. The su ey was ca ied
ou in Sep embe /Oc obe 2005 and co e ed he Wes G eenland pla eau om 73°N
o abou 60° N and some Wes G eenland jo ds. Acous ic da a collec ion and pelagic
sampling was combined wi h assessmen o densi y, dis ibu ion and di e si y o
ma ine mammals and seabi ds.
Acous ic (38 Khz and 120 KHz) da a we e collec ed du ing E/W ansec s spaced a
abou 22 nau ical miles be ween a dis ance o app oxima ely 3 nau ical miles om
he coas and wes ou o he 400 m isoba h. Iden i ica ion o obse ed sound
sca e ing o ganisms we e aided by a ge ed pelagic awl and plank on ne hauls
and hyd og aphy da a was collec ed by CTD cas s. Two sepa a e obse e eams
simul aneously iden i ied and coun ed ma ine mammals and sea bi ds along he
ansec s.
P elimina y esul s based on CTD da a indica e ha “Eas G eenland Cu en ” wa e
was p esen h oughou he en i e su ey a ea o 73°N, while he in luence o he
wa m “A lan ic wa e ” began o decline a ound 67-68°N. A e y s ong he mo cline
(3-4°C) s ill pe sis ed in he no he n hal o he s udy a ea in la e Sep embe , while i
was much less p onounced and e en absen in places in he sou he n pa o he
in es iga ed a ea.
Gene ally pola cod (Bo eogadus saida) and amphipods (Themis o sp.) whe e ound in
he no he nmos pa o he su ey a ea (73-70° N).
Capelin (Mallo us illosus) was i ually absen on he banks bu p esen in he isi ed
jo ds and nea sho e a eas (be ween 70-60° N). The capelin biomass in hese jo ds
and nea sho e a eas was es ima ed o be be ween 170-200 housand onnes.
A p elimina y analysis o size dis ibu ions in he ob ained samples indica es ha
bo h nex yea ‟s spawning componen as well as he 0-g oup we e i ually missing
in he su ey a ea du ing he in es iga ed pe iod. Fish obse ed in he jo ds and
nea sho e a eas we e 1 and 2 yea s old.
K ill (Meganyc iphanes no egica) we e ound in sca e ed agg ega ions in mos o he
a ea wi h a p onounced inc eased p e alence be ween 65° and 62° N.
Ju enile cod (Gadus mo hua) (0-g oup), occasionally mixed wi h 0-g oup ed ish
(Sebas es sp.), occu ed in ai ly high densi ies be ween he Na salik and Nano alik
banks (61°-60°N).
8
One hund ed and nine y- i e sigh ings we e made o 577 indi idual ma ine
mammals du ing 222 hou s on-e o obse a ions. Thi een whale species we e
sigh ed in all. The la ges di e si y o whales was obse ed in he Denma k S ai
and o Eas G eenland (11 o he 13 ce acean species) du ing ansi o he main
su ey a ea o Wes G eenland. Gene ally in whale (Balaenop e a physalus) sigh ings
we e agg ega ed in he o sho e a eas, wi h he co e a eas being be ween Disko Bay
and Sisimiu , wes o Kap Fa el and o King F ede ik VI‟s coas up o Ammassalik.
Minke whales (Balaenop e a acu o os a a) we e obse ed in he same a eas as he in
whales. No ce aceans we e obse ed no h o Disko Bay.
Humpback whales (Megap e a no aeangliae) we e obse ed bo h o and in-sho e. This
species was he only species obse ed inside he jo ds, usually close o he mou h o
he jo d
Almos ou hund ed en-minu e obse a ion pe iods o seabi ds we e ca ied ou
du ing he c uise- o alling 67 obse a ion hou s. Thi y ou bi d species we e
eco ded o which 27 we e obse ed wi hin he 300 m. ansec band du ing he
sys ema ic coun s. The mos common and nume ous species eco ded was Fulma
(Fulma us glacialis) (n>2578 in he 300 m. ansec band) ollowed by Ki iwakes (Rissa
idac yla) (n=2132), Li le Auks (n=1675) and B ünnich‟s Guillemo s (U ia lom ia)
(n=347). Fulma s we e seen nea he ship almos all he ime du ing he c uise.
Occasionally Fulma s occu ed in such la ge numbe s a ound he ship ha
sys ema ic coun s o his species was impossible, due o he isk o double coun ing.
9
16
scien i ic pe sonnel he Bongo wo ked p ope ly in 14 ou o 15 s a ions done du ing
he i s leg o he c uise.
Howe e while launching he ne a he i s Bongo s a ion du ing he second leg i
was no iced ha he Bongo ame was ben -a p oblem ha caused he ne o ope a e
in an inadequa e ashion. This p oblem was p omp ly ec i ied and no u he
p oblems we e encoun e ed.
Excep o 3 s a ions in he beginning o he su ey whe e a GLORIA awl (GPT)
was used, samples o pelagic ish and mic o-nek on we e collec ed by a 16x16 m
„Ha s ad‟ ype pelagic awl (HPT) (cod end 10 mm mesh bu wi h he dis al 5-6 m
lined wi h 5mm mesh). This awl, which has a e ical opening o 10 m a no mal
owing speeds o 2.5-3 kno s, was used om 15 m below he su ace o a dis ance o
5-10 m om he seabed du ing he su ey. B idle leng h was 83 m. This ype o awl
has been used as s anda d gea in Icelandic 0-g oup su eys o a numbe o yea s
(Vilhjalmsson and F idgei sson, 1976; S einbjö nsson and Helgason, 1987;
S einbjö nsson and Hjö lei sson, 2003) bu in hese he en i e cod was i ed wi h a 5
mm mesh. T awling ( a ge ed hauls) was done a a speed o 2.5-3 kno s o e g ound
in loca ions whe e echog ams indica ed ei he dense o changing concen a ions o
o ganisms. When such signs we e absen , a leas one haul pe eas /wes ansec
was ca ied ou wi h he excep ion o in he no he n a ea whe e nex o no
backsca e ing was obse ed.
The HPT is no a pa icula ly good quan i a i e sampling ool, since ca ch a e may
a y wi h e.g. cu en s and size ange o he ish/mic o nek on p esen in he wa e
column. This holds especially ue o k ill and o he mic o-nec on, ha a e no mally
sampled wi h ela i ely la ge mou hed ne s, such as IKMT (Isaac Kidd Midwa e
T awl) MIK ne (Me ho -Issac Kidd ne ) o RMT 8 (Rec angula Midwa e T awl)
ha ing a mesh size o 0,5-1,0 mm. Despi e his lack o adequa e sampling gea o
mic o nek on he weigh p opo ion o di e en species in he ca ches a e p esumed
o oughly e lec he ela i e abundance o species a each s a ion. Compa isons can
o cou se only be made be ween s a ions in his su ey and i should be bou n in
mind ha especially o k ill he smalle size g oups a e unde ep esen ed in he
ca ches due o he la ge mesh size.
The sizes o he o al ca ches om he pelagic awl we e es ima ed by olume
di ec ly on deck. In cases when ca ches we e la ge i.e. o e abou 70 li es hey we e
spli in o equal po ions. Subsequen ly one po ion was picked a andom and
weighed in po ions. This cumbe some ad hoc p ocedu e was mo i a ed by he lack
o a sui able scale on boa d. The only scales a ailable could handle a maximum load
o 1.5 kg. When la ge o ganisms such as la ge scyphozooans (jelly ish) we e p esen
17
in he ca ch hese we e picked ou om he o al ca ch and ea ed sepa a ely. When
necessa y, species o al weigh was ob ained h ough adequa e sub-sampling.
We eco ded indi idual leng hs and weigh s om sub-samples o capelin selec ed a
andom and also collec ed o oli hs om sub-samples o 25-50 indi iduals o
subsequen analysis a he GINR and MRI labo a o ies. Also he leng h o pola cod
was eco ded, as we e leng hs o ew o he species o comme cial in e es (e.g.
G eenland halibu , ed ish, lumpsucke and cod). Samples o all hese species we e
ozen o allow u he p ocessing asho e. Sub-samples o he mos impo an species
o mic o-nek on we e ei he deep ozen o p ese ed in o maldehyde o analyses
a he GINR labo a o y in Nuuk
2.2.4. P elimina y analysis o acous ic da a:
Two ypes o analyses o p epa a ions o he acous ic da a ha e been pe o med so
a . The objec i e o he i s ype is o es ima e he biomass o capelin and pola cod
and possibly o he species in loca ions whe e acous ic backsca e emana ing om
hese we e eco ded. The objec i e o he second ype o analysis is o p o ide a basis
o compa ison o he spa ial dis ibu ion o po en ial p ey as eco ded by acous ic
backsca e and he obse ed dis ibu ions o seabi ds and ma ine mammals.
The ollowing accoun desc ibes he p ocedu es applied o p epa ing he acous ic
aw da a o hese wo pu poses and also explains he con en o da a iles s o ed on
he GINR se e . A de ailed in en o y o he da a se s collec ed du ing and
gene a ed om he su ey ma e ial is gi en in Appendix III. Da a conce ning k ill
will be subjec o sepa a e analysis in coope a ion wi h he US An a c ic Ma ine
Li ing Resou ces P og am a he Sou hwes Fishe ies Cen e, La Jolla, USA ha a e
leading expe s on his ype o analyses.
“TOTAL-EXPORT”: BI500 da a om EK60 we e ead in o EchoView o mo e
de ailed analysis. Fo con enience, iles consis ing o app ox. 5 days o egis a ions
om he 38kHz and 120kHz anscei e s we e selec ed. A h eshold o –70dB was
used on bo h equencies. Bad da a egions we e de ined on he basis o he 38kHz
echog am and hose de ini ions we e applied in he in eg a ion o he 120kHz echoes.
In o de o enable a mo e de ailed analysis o nea -su ace egis a ions om speci ic
a eas (day ime, wi h bi ds u ilizing o ganisms in he epipelagic laye , good/bad
wea he condi ions, unknown egis a ions suspec ed o de i e om biological
o ganisms nea he su ace, whe e se s o bongo o awl hauls ailed o gi e
indica ions o hei o igin, an addi ional expo was made wi h a g id esolu ion o
0.5 nm x 1 m, excluding da a abo e 3 m om he ansduce and below 50 m and he
po ions o he echog am de ined as bad abo e 3 m (p opelle noise when s opping
a and lea ing s a ions, bo om a e ac s and 'o he noise c ea ed by s a ion ac i i ies.
18
The emaining acous ic da a we e in eg a ed o e bins o 0.5 nm x 5 m. This
p ocedu e allows es ima ion o o al backsca e ing s eng h along ansec lines o
compa ison wi h coun s o bi d species wi h di e en di ing ange o eeding.
“RAW-EXPORT”: Fo compa ison be ween he old BI500 and new “EchoView”-
in e p e e ion so wa e he da a below 5 me e s and abo e BI500 bo om we e
in eg a ed o e he same g id esolu ion wi hou excluding he egis a ions de ined
as 'bad' abo e.
“SURFACE-EXPORT”: Fo e en ual compa ison possibili ies, he da a below 5
me e s and abo e BI500 bo om we e in eg a ed o e he same bins wi hou
excluding he egis a ions de ined as 'bad' abo e. Acous ic da a egis e ed du ing
awling o sampling wi h he bongo ne , we e excluded om he analysis o “ o al
along ansec backsca e s eng h”, excep in case o capelin, sh imp, k ill and 0-
g oup ish. A ime - a ied h eshold was applied on he 120kHz echog am o emo e
noise a long ange.
2.3. P elimina y esul s and en a i e conclusions
2.3.1. Hyd og aphy
Two main No h A lan ic wa e masses go e n he oceanog aphic condi ions o
Wes G eenland- he cold and less saline wa e s o he Eas G eenland Cu en and
he wa me mo e saline wa e in he I minge Cu en (e.g. Buch e al 1994). The Eas
G eenland Cu en passes Cape Fa ewell, hen uns no h along he wes coas o
G eenland and exe s a majo in luence in he opmos 100-150 me e s o wa e along
he en i e coas line. The unde lying wa me wa e o he I minge Cu en may
somewha a ec he cold eas G eenland wa e abo e, by mixing and hea di usion.
The I minge cu en is gene ally di e ed wes wa d ac oss he Da is S ai a 66-
68°N. The Eas G eenland cu en p o ides he main anspo mechanism o ish
y and la ae i espec i e o whe he hese de i e om spawning o SE-, S-, SW- o
W-G eenland – o e en as a o as S- and W-Iceland wa e s. An excep ion is he y
o ed ish ha come om a he o sho e a eas in he wa m A lan ic wa e o he
I minge Sea.
These main hyd og aphical ea u es a e clea ly isible in he ho izon al empe a u e
and salini y pa e ns (Figu es 6-12) om di e en dep hs obse ed du ing he
p esen su ey, albei he da a poin s a e oo ew o any de ailed analysis. Thus we
can ollow he Eas G eenland Cu en h oughou he en i e su ey a ea o 73°N,
while he in luence o he wa m A lan ic wa e begins o decline a ound 67-68°N.
Apa om his expec ed pa e n, a no ewo hy ea u e o he hyd og aphical
si ua ion was he p esence o a e y s ong he mocline (3-4°C), s ill pe sis ing in
mid-Sep embe in he no he n hal o he s udy a ea, while i was much less
p onounced and e en absen in places in he sou he n pa .
19
2.3.2. Biology
To al weigh s o and he weigh o domina ing axa in pelagic awl ca ches ob ained
du ing he su ey a e gi en in Table 2, Appendix II.
Gene ally, based on he acous ic eco ds and ca ches in he associa ed a ge ed hauls
pola cod and amphipods (Themis o sp.) whe e ound in he no he nmos pa o he
su ey a ea (73-70° N). Capelin was ound chie ly in he 5 jo ds and nea sho e a eas
(be ween 70-60° N) ha we e isi ed. K ill (mos ly Meganyc iphanes no egica) we e
ound in mos o he a ea bu wi h a p onounced inc eased p e alence be ween 65°
and 62° N as compa ed o he a ea no h o 65° N we e only sca e ed agg ega ions
occu ed. Ju enile cod (0-g oup), occasionally mixed wi h 0-g oup ed ish (Sebas es
sp.), occu ed in ai ly high densi ies be ween he Na salik and Nano alik banks
(61°-60°N). Mo e de ailed in o ma ion on he dis ibu ion o hese and some o he
axa will be gi en and en a i ely discussed below.
2.3.3. Capelin:
Capelin biomass was es ima ed using he same p o ocol as in Icelandic capelin
su ey wo k (Vilhjalmsson, 1994; Vilhjálmsson and Ca scadden, 2002). Following
his p ocedu e biomass es ima es a e based on he mean o 1 nmi a e ages o a ea
backsca e densi y (NASC).
We did no ind any indica ion o a subs an ial o sho e popula ion, in he su eyed
a ea du ing he co e ed pe iod despi e ha la ge , (age 3+) capelin we e caugh
ea lie in he yea (July/Augus 2005) wi h sh imp awl du ing he GINR no he n
sh imp assessmen su ey. Du ing he su ey we only ound adul capelin in h ee
loca ions o sho e. The no he nmos a ea was jus no h o he Vaiga . In his
loca ion he pelagic awl was ope a ed e y close o he bo om (s a ion # 671).
Secondly we caugh capelin in wo hauls p omp ed by weak indica ions on he echo
sounde (no in eg a ed) on he shel a ea midway be ween he God haab jo d and
K ane jo d. Ins ead we ound la ge amoun s o capelin in nea sho e a eas
(no he n en ance o he Vaiga , sou h eas e n pa o Disko Bay and o Sisimiu )
and in he isi ed jo ds ( he God haab, K ane, A suk and Tase miu jo ds).
The esul s om NASC es ima ions in hese 7 coas al/ jo d a eas a e shown in
Figu es 13-18, Appendix I.
These es ima es we e made acco ding o he ollowing p ocedu e. In echog ams,
sec ions assumed o con ain capelin was delimi ed by a d awn bo de and all
egis a ions inside hese bo de s we e assumed o emana e om capelin. No e ha
egis a ions du ing awl s a ion ope a ions we e included in his analysis in o de
no o was e da a. This app oach can be deba ed, howe e we belie e ha by
excluding eco dings made du ing awling o in p epa a ion o awling would be
was e ul since gene ally only a small amoun o he su ey e o could be spen in
20
he jo ds. Exclusion o egis a ions du ing hese ope a ions o o he wise no
accoun ing o he di e ence in co e age would educe he numbe o obse a ions
conside ably and lowe he es ima es o a ea densi y in an un ealis ic way.
Subsequen ly he mean back-sca e ing c oss-sec ion and mean weigh o capelin in
ca ches om in each o he a eas a ea we e used o con e NASC o biomass
densi y. Resul s om hese calcula ions a e summa ized in Appendix II, Table 3.
The o al biomass es ima e in hese nea -sho e and jo d a eas adds up o some 170-
200 housand onnes. Na u ally his only ep esen s he a eas co e ed in his su ey
and hus mus be only some ac ion o he o al capelin biomass in Wes G eenland
wa e s. Also judging by he size dis ibu ion shown in Figu e 20, Appendix I, he
su ey mus ha e missed by a he la ges pa o nex yea ‟s spawning componen .
Since he p esen su ey is he i s a emp o gi e a biomass index es ima e he e
a e no ea lie da a o compa e wi h. Howe e in o de o gi e some en a i e
indica ion o he o de o magni ude o he amoun o Capelin we ound du ing he
p esen su ey i may be no ed ha Jákopss o u and Rø ingen (1975a and b)
en a i ely sugges ed ha he s ock size o Capelin in G eenlandic wa e s may be
be ween 250 000 and 1 000 000 onnes. Kannewo 1988 es ima ed he size o he o
sho e po ion in Eas G eenland wa e s o be 229 000 onnes. This po ion was
assumed o be a pa o he Icelandic s ock a ha ime. The Icelandic s ock was in
1988 es ima ed o exceed 2 million onnes (Kannewo 1988).
In Wes G eenland wa e s, capelin spawn and g ow in he many and a ied jo ds o
jo d complexes (e.g. F iis-Rødel and Kannewo , 2002 and e e ences he ein). Since
he planned objec i e o he su ey was o in es iga e pelagic occu ence o capelin
on he ex ensi e shel a ea om Cape Fa ewell o 73°N, he e was li le ime o
explo a ion and p ope abundance assessmen s inside jo ds. The only jo d ha was
planned o su ey be o ehand was in ac he God håb jo d while he o he jo ds
we e isi ed due o a need o seek shel e om ad e se wea he .
Ne e heless, b ie in es iga ions we e made o in o al 7 nea sho e and o jo ds
sys ems We ound Capelin in all o hese a eas. The highes densi ies we e egis e ed
in SE-Disko Bay, Ame loq and he ou e eaches o he Nuuk jo d sys em (Table 3,
Appendix II and Figu es 13-19, Appendix I). P elimina y ageing o capelin based on
he size dis ibu ions in he ob ained samples indica es ha mos o he oldes and
la ges ish (nex yea ‟s spawning componen ) we e missing (see Fig. 20).
Fu he mo e, a e age size in samples declines om no h o sou h. This is a
phenomenon ha is well known locally as well as om he li e a u e (Hansen, 1943;
Kannewo , 1967 and Sø ensen, 1985). Su p isingly, we did no ind any 0-g oup
capelin anywhe e in he su eyed a ea. Haul by haul leng h equency dis ibu ions
21
(LFD) om he p esen su ey ha e been p oduced and a e kep in he GNRI
da abase.
Al hough knowledge o he li e his o y o capelin in Wes G eenland wa e s is
agmen a y, eeding mig a ions in o o sho e a eas a e men ioned in mos o he
li e a u e (e.g. F iis-Rødel and Kannewo 2002 and e e ences he ein).
Fu he mo e, hese au ho s ound he highes numbe s o capelin, caugh in no he n
sh imp su eys (agg ega e map o 1988-2000 in F iis-Rødel and Kannewo 2002),
a he ou e edge o he shel , while he highes numbe s in he 2005 su ey we e
caugh close o he coas and in o nea he gullies cu ing ans e sely h ough he
shel (GINR, unpublished).
Al hough no capelin we e ound o e he Wes G eenland shel du ing he p esen
su ey, his ac does no disquali y he no ion o o sho e eeding mig a ions in
summe . On he con a y, capelin ca ches in no he n sh imp su eys co obo a es
he no ion o such mig a ions. The ob ious scope o u he wo k is o desc ibe hese
possible mig a o y pa e n(s) bo h in ime and space and o in es iga e o wha
ex en –bo h in biomass e ms and in demog aphic e ms how di e en pa s o -o
he en i e capelin s ock mig a es. These a e all pe inen ques ions conce ning he
beha iou o he capelin s ock du ing i s li e cycle ha need answe ing.
Mos esea che s (e.g. F iis-Rødel and Kannewo , 2002 and e e ences he ein) a e
o he opinion ha he Wes G eenland capelin complex consis s o many s ocks o
sub-popula ions, each occupying hei own jo d o jo d sys em. In iew o wha is
known o neighbou ing beach spawning capelin popula ions o Lab ado and
New oundland, and indeed elsewhe e, his is a easonable p oposi ion. In sou he n
a eas, hese capelin spawn in May-June a he en ances o hei espec i e jo ds bu
also some imes u he ou along he coas s as he su ace empe a u e ises du ing
summe . Fa he o he no h spawning akes place la e , i.e. in June-July.
While ju eniles seem o g ow inside he jo ds o jo d sys ems, adolescen s (nex
yea ‟s spawning s ock) as well as some spen emales mig a e ou o he jo ds o
eeding in summe . This is well documen ed, while he o sho e dis ance and iming
o he e u n mig a ions emain unclea . Ea lie esea ch indica ed ha hese eeding
mig a ions we e mainly limi ed o he eas e n (sho ewa d) side o he shel while
la e obse a ions (mainly ca ches o la ge capelin in no he n sh imp su eys) show
ha in summe capelin mig a e a leas as a ou as o he shel b eak. Fu he mo e,
an acous ic abundance assessmen su ey a ied ou by he Ins i u e o Ma ine
Resea ch, Be gen, No way in June-July 1974 showed ha he ou wa d mig a ion had
begun al eady by mid- o la e June sou h o abou 65°N, bu was delayed o he
second week o July in mos a eas u he no h. The same su ey showed ha by he
22
hi d week o July he ou e limi o capelin dis ibu ion had eached he shel b eak
in mos places sou h o 66°N (Jákupss o u and Rø ingen, 1975).
Capelin by-ca ches in no he n sh imp awl su eys o Wes G eenland, mainly in
he mon h o Augus o e he yea s 1988-2000, shows he highes incidence o capelin
on he ou e shel o a he shel b eak. While he 2005 sh imp su ey also eco ded
la ge capelin, he ca ch dis ibu ion was mo e i egula and he la ges ca ches we e
no aken in he wes e nmos s a ions.
The p esence o capelin only in nea sho e a eas o jo ds shown by ou esul s may
no be uncha ac e is ic. A simila si ua ion o he one we obse ed is o en ound
du ing no he n sh imp su eys in deepe wa e s no h o Iceland. Howe e , in his
case i is known ha mos o he adul capelin s ock is dis ibu ed a he no h and
only a mino p opo ion usually emain in he sh imp dis ibu ion a ea
(Vilhjalmsson 1994, 2002). Since his su ey co e ed none o he deep wa e a eas
wes o he Wes G eenland shel b eak, we can nei he con i m no ejec he concep
ha he adul s ock mig a es igh ac oss he shel o eed in summe /au umn in he
deep wa e s o he eas e n Da is S ai . I espec i e o his howe e , i a capelin
ishe y, e en on a small scale o human consump ion, is o be success ully
es ablished, an assessmen o he biomass o nex yea ‟s spawning s ock has o be
ob ained well in ad ance. The e a e wo main easons o his:
a) he ishe men mus know whe e and when i is he igh ime o ca ch capelin o
he a ious p oduc s and
b) he exploi a ion e o mus be di ec ed so ha i has a minimal e ec on s ock
abundance in he a ious jo d sys ems.
An expe imen o es ablishing a Wes G eenland capelin ishe y o educ ion o
ishmeal and oil does no seem easible. In he i s place, he combined biomass is
p obably oo small and di ided in o oo many uni s ha each would ha e o be
managed sepa a ely. Second, a iable ishe y o educ ion depends on cheap aw
ma e ial ha mus be supplied on a la ge and ela i ely s eady basis h oughou he
yea .
Based on he p esen su ey esul s i is no unlikely ha also o he nea sho e o
jo d sys ems on he Wes G eenland coas may con ain an unknown quan i y o
capelin. Also he p esen su ey did no co e he shel -b eak a ea deepe han 400
me e s and i is no possible o exclude he possibili y based on he p esen s udy ha
he componen o he capelin s ock ha will spawn he ollowing yea may be ound
in he deepe pa o he shel -b eak. Fu he di ec ed su eys co e ing all o hese
h ee po en ial habi a s o capelin i.e. he jo ds, he banks and he shel b eak a ea,
may gi e mo e conclusi e answe s o hese ques ions.
23
2.3.4. Pola cod:
Excep o high numbe s o 0-g oup (5 cm o al leng h) ish in he su ace laye no h
om abou 68°N (o sho e as well as in Disko Bay/Vaiga ; Fig.20), no pola cod was
ound in he pelagic zone.
This sugges s ei he ha he main popula ion o pola cod, i.e. age 1 and olde , is
much mo e deme sal in Wes G eenland wa e s han in o he a eas, e.g. he Ba en s
Sea. I his is he case, bo om awl ca ches o pola cod om he GINR no he n
sh imp su ey could be used o ela i e o e en ealis ic es ima es o biomass and
geog aphical dis ibu ion. Al e na i ely, he adolescen and adul pa o he
popula ion may occupy deepe wa e s ou side o he Wes G eenland shel , a leas
du ing he ime o his su ey. I his holds ue he size o he s ock will ha e o be
assessed by acous ics he e. Ano he , less likely explana ion; may be ha since his
species is known o eed on amphipods, a he ice edge and unde he ice, may be
dis ibu ed in pack ice co e ed a eas. In his case he s ock is inaccessible o any
es ablished assessmen p o ocol. Howe e his scena io is less likely in he no he n
Da ies S ai /sou he n Ba in Bay a ea han in e.g. he no he n Ba en s Sea, since
he e is gene ally e y li le pack ice le in he o me a ea du ing Sep embe .
2.3.5. Red ish:
Pelagic O-g oup ed ish we e mainly eco ded and sampled, occasionally in la ge
numbe s (abou 10 000/nau ical mile) close o he shel edge om abou 61°N o he
end o he su ey a ea a Cape Fa ewell. No h o Nuuk howe e only a ew 0-g oup
ed ish we e ound in he nea bo om laye a he o sho e slope. This ag ees wi h
p e ious indings ha se ling o his species is no comple ed be o e la e in he
yea . In addi ion a ew olde ed ish we e ound he e and he e in he pelagic awl
ca ches du ing he su ey, bu mos ly inside he jo ds, in pa icula he
God håb jo d.
2.3.6. A lan ic cod:
We gene ally ound 0-g oup cod in inc easing amoun s sou hwa d om Nuuk
(abou 64° N) owa ds Cape Fa ewell in he pelagic awl ca ches.
A ew 0-g oup cod we e also ound in he su ace laye o he God håb jo d, in
pa icula nea he mou h o he jo d. Fu he sou h, beginning jus ou side K ane
jo d (61°02N; 49°32W), we again eco ded 0-g oup cod. F om he e, sou h o Cape
Fa ewell, 0-g oup cod we e eco ded in mid wa e , some imes in ai ly high numbe s
(up o 7000 pe 1 nm ow), and o en mixed wi h 0-g oup ed ish. The no he n
dis ibu ion limi o hese cod is unce ain because bad wea he p e en ed sampling
o some 50 miles no h o he i s s a ion wi h 0-g oup cod.
Assuming ha he 0-g oup cod dis ibu ion eached some 20 nm a he no h han
ac ually eco ded, he leng h o hei dis ibu ion a ea was app oxima ely 180
nau ical miles. Due o he low numbe o awl s a ions he wid h o his po en ial
24
dis ibu ion a ea is di icul o judge and his is also ue o he a e age densi y.
These 0-g oup cod we e in places mixed wi h a ew 0-g oup haddock, which
indica es - ha mos likely, hey o igina ed om spawning g ounds o Sou h and/o
Sou hwes Iceland. The ca ches o 0-g oup cod in he HPT a e shown in Figu e 22.
I we assume he a e age wid h o he dis ibu ion a ea o be 10 nau ical miles, he
o al dis ibu ion co e s some 1800 squa e nau ical miles. A non-s a i ied a e age
ca ch pe 1 nm ow is 659. Using he me hod o calcula ing Icelandic indices o 0-
g oup cod, he dis ibu ion a ea along he Wes G eenland coas gi es an index o
abou 120. While his is by no means a high abundance index, we should bea in
mind ha he s anda d Ha s ad awl used was no equipped wi h he usual 5 mm
mesh size cod-end, bu only equipped wi h an inside lining o such ne o some 3
a homs up om he opening o he cod-end. This will ha e educed he
“ca chabili y” o 0-g oup cod conside ably, bu he e is no a ailable in o ma ion o
quan i y such a educ ion.
The caugh 0-g oup cod seemed o be in good physical condi ion wi h an a e age
weigh o jus unde 2.7 g in he no he n pa o he a ea and 2.2 g close o Cape
Fa ewell. Al hough he obse ed 0-g oup cod p obably cons i u es a good base o a
2005-yea class o comme cial impo ance o Sou hwes G eenland a p esen , i
mus be bo ne in mind ha su i al h ough he i s win e is a c i ical de e minan
o he inal size o a cod yea class.
2.3.7. No es on o he ish, in e eb a e nek on and zooplank on:
0-g oup and ju enile s ages o se e al deme sal ish species we e equen ly ound in
he su ace laye , i.e. G eenland halibu (as a no h as 73°N) and Sand eel,
Ammody es ( ela i ely high numbe s no h om 67°N) especially close o he coas .
This ag ees wi h p e ious indings ha se ling o hese species is no comple ed
be o e ai ly la e in he yea .
No he n sh imp o all sizes we e occasionally ound in he su ace laye du ing
nigh in a eas whe e a p onounced he mocline was absen . In o he a eas, howe e ,
nei he he echo signals no he pelagic awl ca ches indica ed ha no he n sh imp
le he bo om laye o a highe deg ee du ing nigh imes. Pelagic awl ca ches om
10 o 20 m abo e he bo om howe e e ealed a mix u e o sh imp and k ill.
The pelagic awl ca ches indica ed ha small squid (ju enile Gona us ab icii, app . 2-
4 cm man el leng h) we e widely dis ibu ed in he a ea (incl. Disko Bay and
Ame loq jo d). These squid occu ed a all dep hs, bu mos commonly in he
su ace laye . In addi ion o ju eniles, a ew la ge specimens (14-17cm ML) we e
ound in he God håbs jo d a in e media e dep hs ( oge he wi h ed ish, Sebas es
25
men ella). Cu so y gu analyses o bo h squid and ed ish e ealed ha hey had
capelin in hei s omachs.
La ge pa ches o copepods (mixed wi h some amphipods and k ill) we e seen in
pa icula in he no he n pa o he Sukke oppen Deep while k ill seemed o be
mo e abundan on he sou he n pa o he S o e Helle iske Bank and in he
Hols einsbo g Deep. K ill was also ound wi hin he God håbs jo d and u he
sou h along he coas . De ailed analyses on k ill dis ibu ion and abundance will be
ca ied ou based on he acous ic da a se .
2.4. Re e ences:
Buch, E., S. AA. Ho s ed, and H. Ho gå d 1994. Fluc ua ions in he occu ence o cod
in G eenland wa e s and hei possible causes. ICES Ma , Sci. Symp. 198: 158-174
Foo e, K.G., H.P. Knudsen, D.N. MacLennan and E.J. Simmonds, 1987. Calib a ion o
acous ic ins umen s o ish densi y es ima ion: A p ac ical guide. Coop. Res. Rep.
Cons. In . Explo . Me . 144: 69 pp.
Foo e, K.G., H.P. Knudsen, R.S. Ko neliussen, P.E. No dbø and K. Røang, 1991. Pos
p ocessing sys em o echo sounde da a. J. Acous . Soc. Am. 90, 1: 37-47.
F iis-Rødel, E. and P. Kannewo , 2002. A e iew o capelin (Mallo us illosus) in
G eenland wa e s. ICES Jou nal o Ma ine Science, 59: 890-896.
Hollingwo h C.E. 2002 (ed.) Capelin-Wha a e hey good o ? Biology, Managemen ,
and he Ecological Role o Capelin, P oceedings o an ICES Symposium held in
Reykja ik, Iceland 23-27 July 2001, ICES Jou nal o Ma ine Science, Vol. 59, no 5,
Oc obe 2002
Jákupss o u, S.H. i and I. Rø ingen, I. 1975. Unde søkelse a lodde (Mallo us
illosus) og sil (Ammody es sp.) ed Ves -G ønlandi juni-juli 1974. Fiske s gang, 11:
155-160.
Kannewo , P., 1967. Mallo us illosus (O.F. Mülle ). Biologi og dynamikk i
g ønlandske a annde. Thesis. G ønlands Fiske iunde søgelse . 103 pp.
Kannewo , P. 1988. Lodde og , Øs g ønland, Sep embe 1988. (Capelin su ey, Eas
G eenland, Sep embe 1988. In e nal epo , G ønlands Fiske i Fiske iunde søgelse ,
Copenhagen . 7.10.1988. 10pp
32
Figu e 7: Salini y and empe a u e dis ibu ion a 5 m o dep h o Wes G eenland du ing Sep embe -Oc obe 2006
33
Figu e 8: Salini y and empe a u e dis ibu ion a 20 m o dep h o Wes G eenland du ing Sep embe -Oc obe 2006
34
Figu e 9: Salini y and empe a u e dis ibu ion a 50 m o dep h o Wes G eenland du ing Sep embe -Oc obe 2006
35
Figu e 10: Salini y and empe a u e dis ibu ion a 100 m o dep h o Wes G eenland du ing Sep embe -Oc obe 2006
36
Figu e 11: Salini y and empe a u e dis ibu ion a 200 m o dep h o Wes G eenland du ing Sep embe -Oc obe 2006
37
Figu e 12: Salini y and empe a u e dis ibu ion a 300 m o dep h o Wes G eenland du ing Sep embe -Oc obe 2006
38
Figu e 13. Back sca e densi y (NASC) o capelin (Mallo us illosus) a he no h eas en ance
o he Vaiga sound Sep embe 2006.
39
Figu e 14. Back sca e densi y (NASC) o capelin (Mallo us illosus) in he eas e n pa o
Disko Bay Sep embe 2006
40
Figu e 15. Back sca e densi y (NASC) o capelin (Mallo us illosus) in Ame dloq (sou h o
Sisimiu ) Sep embe 2006
41
Figu e 16. Back sca e densi y (NASC) o capelin (Mallo us illosus) in he God haab Fjo d
Sep embe 2006
48
in pelagic awl hauls
Appendix II. Tables o sec ion 2
Table 1. S a ion lis . The o al numbe o s a ions is 132 o hese 54 a e Pelagic awl (GPT and HPT) s a ions, 20 a e Bongo ne S a ions and 58 CTD s a ions.
S a ion #
Da e
Gea
GMT
s a
GMT
s op
Haul
du a ion
(min)
La .
s a
Long.
S a
La .
s op
Long.
s op
Haul
Leng h
(N.
miles)
Bo om
dep h
s a
(m)
Bo om
Dep h
S op
(m)
Ope a ion
Dep h
S a
(m)
Ope a ion
dep h
S op
(m)
661
Sep 03
GPT
07:50
08:07
17
660490
292060
660460
291808
0.6
260
260
662
Sep 08
GPT
18:20
18:30
10
640200
521430
640160
521960
0.6
120
125
663
Sep 10
GPT
22:59
23:14
15
730020
575900
730030
575920
1.2
272
272
16
16
664
Sep 10
CTD
23:10
730027
575922
272
665
Sep 11
GPT
06:04
06:19
15
723681
584999
723614
585298
1.2
206
216
15
20
666
Sep 11
CTD
08:50
721500
601400
403
667
Sep 11
GPT
16:28
16:43
15
721480
565230
721460
564840
1.4
266
266
16
15
668
Sep 11
CTD
17:20
721520
564400
260
669
Sep 12
HPT
00:00
00:15
15
715250
580260
715260
580613
0.7
276
276
8
12
670
Sep 12
CTD
00:30
715279
580717
276
671
Sep 12
HPT
07:35
08:05
30
712952
580176
712909
575701
2
286
285
265
270
672
Sep 12
CTD
08:30
712948
575478
282
673
Sep 12
HPT
19:38
20:08
30
710716
582688
710629
582233
1.6
369
369
10
15
674
Sep 12
CTD
20:27
710623
582103
369
675
Sep 13
CTD
01:11
704495
594947
475
676
Sep 13
HPT
05:58
06:28
30
704468
572784
704443
573225
1.7
506
503
180
200
677
Sep 13
CTD
06:45
704411
573354
503
678
Sep 13
HPT
09:50
10:05
15
704497
561672
704487
561944
1
573
573
10
14
679
Sep 14
CTD
10:55
702272
542394
341
680
Sep 14
HPT
12:14
12:30
16
702200
540800
702360
541120
0.9
220
235
681
Sep 14
Bongo
19:40
19:52
12
695607
515277
695570
515364
0.5
402
524
260
260
682
Sep 14
CTD
20:02
695561
515369
527
683
Sep 15
HPT
18:02
18:25
23
685825
511538
685857
511743
0.8
265
265
110
200
49
684
Sep 15
CTD
18:49
685854
511979
247
685
Sep 16
Bongo
00:33
00:43
10
684406
513981
684420
514109
0.5
282
278
25
30
686
Sep 16
CTD
00:51
684419
514129
277
687
Sep 17
HPT
11:02
11:23
21
693742
581521
693750
581835
1.1
298
298
8
12
688
Sep 17
CTD
11:36
693734
581853
298
689
Sep 17
Bongo
14:23
14:33
10
691951
583175
691964
583339
0.6
398
409
25
30
690
Sep 17
CTD
15:02
691946
583441
418
691
Sep 17
Bongo
23:26
23:36
10
691469
542072
691441
541951
0.5
220
220
150
145
692
Sep 17
CTD
23:50
10
691443
541838
206
693
Sep 18
Bongo
08:02
08:07
5
685276
565625
685280
565524
0.3
270
270
694
Sep 18
CTD
06:22
685321
565403
263
695
Sep 18
HPT
22:57
23:20
23
683004
550340
682969
550634
1.2
430
430
195
135
696
Sep 18
CTD
23:36
682944
550653
432
697
Sep 19
Bongo
00:08
00:18
10
682950
550472
682970
550349
0.5
422
422
100
100
698
Sep 19
CTD
13:08
680746
575810
402
699
Sep 19
HPT
19:40
20:10
30
674501
564720
674506
565094
1.3
209
209
40
42
700
Sep 19
CTD
20:22
674499
565152
212
701
Sep 20
Bongo
00:16
00:21
5
674565
550317
674592
550348
0.3
36
37
28
10
702
Sep 20
CTD
00:30
674606
550358
36
703
Sep 20
Bongo
07:55
08:15
20
672247
555468
672276
555179
1.1
100
98
15
20
704
Sep 20
CTD
08:25
672284
555105
100
705
Sep 20
HPT
11:44
12:01
17
672240
571495
672262
571160
1.2
224
224
40
60
706
Sep 20
CTD
12:20
672296
571109
219
707
Sep 20
HPT
17:42
17:57
15
665866
562946
665956
562917
1.2
287
287
240
260
708
Sep 20
CTD
18:15
670010
562915
279
709
Sep 20
Bongo
18:53
18:58
5
670029
563139
670014
563205
0.3
296
319
270
270
710
Sep 20
HPT
20:24
20:34
10
665991
560676
665994
560797
0.6
139
129
5
8
711
Sep 20
Bongo
23:14
23:19
5
670003
545990
665986
550026
0.4
59
59
5
10
712
Sep 20
CTD
23:29
665982
550051
68
713
Sep 21
HPT
12:53
13:18
25
665412
533175
665423
533430
1
370
370
104
120
714
Sep 21
CTD
13:35
665420
533514
320
715
Sep 21
HPT
19:36
19:53
17
663706
541933
663734
541765
1
309
309
7
10
716
Sep 21
CTD
20:23
663737
541684
306
50
717
Sep 22
Bongo
00:03
00:08
5
663748
552582
663730
552633
0.3
163
163
50
60
718
Sep 22
CTD
00:15
663701
552652
164
719
Sep 22
Bongo
05:04
05:09
5
661745
562845
661773
562851
0.2
444
447
115
112
720
Sep 22
CTD
05:20
661812
562867
446
721
Sep 22
HPT
10:23
661514
542981
65
18
722
Sep 22
CTD
11:00
661497
542635
65
723
Sep 22
Bongo
11:10
11:20
10
661551
542708
661570
542750
0.4
62
62
16
17
724
Sep 22
HPT
16:47
17:17
30
655278
543607
655289
543162
1.8
110
110
15
15
725
Sep 22
CTD
17:30
655200
543126
100
726
Sep 22
HPT
22:12
22:42
30
654531
554403
654637
554633
1.4
519
519
512
510
727
Sep 22
CTD
23:23
654656
554760
523
728
Sep 23
HPT
12:55
13:18
23
650738
534002
650756
533767
1
83
83
5
12
729
Sep 23
CTD
13:28
650753
533665
82
730
Sep 23
HPT
20:27
20:51
24
644530
544980
644393
545006
1.4
280
280
265
265
731
Sep 23
CTD
21:10
644342
544978
280
732
Sep 24
Bongo
02:35
02:40
5
644489
525086
644491
525162
0.3
319
367
100
100
733
Sep 24
CTD
02:55
644492
525303
416
734
Sep 24
Bongo
04:47
04:52
5
643413
523843
643441
523848
0.3
480
574
90
90
735
Sep 24
CTD
11:37
642253
545585
540
736
Sep 24
HPT
18:03
18:43
40
635976
525152
640003
525698
2.2
69
69
11
11
737
Sep 24
CTD
19:17
640014
525980
69
738
Sep 25
HPT
06:07
06:27
20
634775
522887
634747
523165
1.3
31
38
12
12
739
Sep 25
Bongo
06:47
06:57
10
634771
523215
634821
523163
0.6
37
39
15
18
740
Sep 25
CTD
10:58
640699
515293
351
741
Sep 25
Bongo
11:17
11:40
23
640695
515308
640631
515481
1
358
357
0
348
742
Sep 25
HPT
11:57
12:14
17
640650
515647
640683
515444
1
373
373
10
15
743
Sep 25
HPT
12:49
13:10
21
640686
515390
640720
515233
1
367
367
185
190
744
Sep 25
HPT
16:39
16:52
13
642599
512713
642555
512871
0.8
386
386
10
15
745
Sep 25
CTD
17:08
642518
512963
611
746
Sep 25
HPT
18:09
18:24
15
642478
513190
642514
512962
0.6
616
616
310
390
747
Sep 25
HPT
21:36
21:49
13
643263
505088
643292
505263
0.8
584
584
30
25
748
Sep 26
HPT
11:26
11:41
15
641890
511500
641961
511536
0.8
423
423
6
14
749
Sep 26
HPT
12:07
12:22
15
641951
511540
641881
511468
0.8
426
426
110
120
51
750
Sep 26
Bongo
12:40
12:55
15
641870
511521
641849
511677
0.8
426
426
0
250
751
Sep 26
CTD
13:00
641848
511680
400
752
Sep 28
CTD
02:20
631488
524035
1335
753
Sep 28
CTD
05:35
631517
514517
122
754
Sep 28
Bongo
10:28
10:50
22
625375
510018
625310
505697
1.6
245
215
755
Sep 28
HPT
11:34
12:01
17
625317
505880
625230
505751
1
260
310
230
235
756
Sep 28
CTD
12:45
625229
505812
316
757
Sep 28
HPT
22:22
22:45
23
623162
510769
623059
510883
1.3
231
231
80
92
758
Sep 28
CTD
23:08
623010
510950
218
759
Sep 29
CTD
04:25
620753
502067
304
760
Sep 29
HPT
13:12
13:24
12
620078
492589
620008
492659
0.7
170
170
155
160
761
Sep 29
CTD
13:45
615984
492698
235
762
Sep 29
HPT
14:16
14:47
31
615844
493033
615798
493456
2
446
446
15
14
763
Sep 29
CTD
15:03
615784
493555
395
764
Sep 29
HPT
22:42
23:05
23
620536
505959
620447
505932
1
977
977
40
50
765
Sep 29
CTD
23:20
620434
505915
860
766
Oc 01
HPT
11:26
12:08
42
610971
481371
611189
481416
2
703
100
120
767
Oc 01
HPT
12:41
13:23
42
611130
481376
610920
481296
2
580
580
300
370
768
Oc 01
CTD
13:45
610945
481343
574
769
Oc 01
Bongo
14:17
15:07
50
610984
481336
611209
481438
2.3
435
410
0
350
770
Oc 01
HPT
22:09
22:29
20
610202
493260
610125
493376
1.1
188
210
165
178
771
Oc 01
HPT
23:12
23:32
20
610192
493333
610111
493411
1
200
200
99
115
772
Oc 01
CTD
23:54
610056
493434
434
773
Oc 02
HPT
06:12
06:30
18
602406
482170
602492
482325
1
244
237
80
110
774
Oc 02
CTD
07:00
602551
482411
212
775
Oc 02
HPT
07:20
07:38
18
602549
482395
602493
482323
0.8
216
240
90
90
776
Oc 02
HPT
09:06
09:24
18
602117
481180
602161
481364
1
194
195
120
120
777
Oc 02
CTD
09:55
602078
481106
196
778
Oc 02
HPT
12:53
13:15
22
601494
472609
601503
472896
1.4
138
141
90
120
779
Oc 02
CTD
13:47
601509
473024
140
780
Oc 02
HPT
16:22
16:47
25
601492
464747
601495
465008
1.2
339
339
100
120
781
Oc 02
CTD
17:24
601471
465035
493
782
Oc 02
HPT
20:27
20:47
20
595463
462636
595571
462684
1
868
868
60
65
52
783
Oc 02
CTD
21:00
595624
462705
692
784
Oc 02
HPT
23:41
00:00
19
595277
455758
595207
455927
1
133
133
80
90
785
Oc 03
CTD
00:22
595173
435878
137
786
Oc 03
HPT
07:31
07:52
21
600941
454667
600904
454855
1
151
145
60
60
787
Oc 03
CTD
08:02
600890
454900
133
788
Oc 03
HPT
12:52
13:07
15
601112
445500
601073
445658
0.7
353
353
110
130
789
Oc 03
HPT
14:03
14:21
18
601022
450214
601006
450048
1
320
320
305
310
790
Oc 03
CTD
14:42
601009
450012
362
791
Oc 03
HPT
21:29
21:57
28
594239
445770
594165
445628
1
131
131
70
80
792
Oc 03
CTD
22:15
594149
445591
126
Table 2: “CPUE index” (kg/min) o domina ing axa in pelagic awl ca ches ob ained du ing he 2005 Wes G eenland acous ic Capelin su ey.
S a ion #
Gea
Da e (2005)
S a GMT
Haul du a ion (min)
Capelin (Kg/min)
Pola cod (Kg/min)
G. Halibu (Kg/min)
0-g oup Cod (Kg/min)
Haddock(Kg/min)
Sebas es. sp 0-g oup
(Kg/min)
Sand eel (Kg/min)
Myc ophids (Kg/min)
Pandalus CPUE ((Kg/min)
K ill & Mysids(Kg/min)
Amphipoda (Kg/min)
Cephalopoda (Kg/min)
Scyphozoa (Kg/min)
To al ca ch (Kg/min)
662
PT1
8-Sep
18:20:00
10.00-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
663
PT1
10-Sep
22:59:00
16.00
-
0.07
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.18
-
-
0.26
665
PT1
11-Sep
06:04:00
15.00
-
0.01
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
0.01
-
-
0.08
667
PT1
11-Sep
16:28:00
15.00
-
0.27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.05
-
-
0.39
669
PT2
12-Sep
00:00:00
15.00
-
0.01
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
671
PT2
12-Sep
07:35:00
30.00-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.23
-
-
-
-
0.29
53
673
PT2
12-Sep
19:38:00
3.00-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
676
PT2
13-Sep
05:58:00
30.00-
-
0.05
0.05
-
-
-
-
-
0.02
0.01
0.01
-
-
0.16
678
PT2
13-Sep
09:50:00
15.00
-
0.02
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.02
680
PT2
14-Sep
12:14:00
16.00
0.32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.45
-
-
-
-
0.77
683
PT2
15-Sep
18:02:00
23.00
0.45
0.01
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.08
-
-
-
-
0.56
687
PT2
16-Sep
11:02:00
21.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
695
PT2
18-Sep
22:57:00
23.00
0.01
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.06
0.02
0.02
-
-
0.11
699
PT2
18-Sep
19:40:00
30.00-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
705
PT2
20-Sep
12:14:00
30.00-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
707
PT2
20-Sep
17:42:00
15.00
-
-
0.01
-
-
-
-
-
0.36
0.27
-
0.01
-
0.66
710
PT2
20-Sep
20:24:00
10.00-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
713
PT2
21-Sep
12:53:00
25.00
3.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
715
PT2
21-Sep
19:36:00
17.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
721
PT2
22-Sep
10:22:00
20.00-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
724
PT2
22-Sep
16:47:00
30.00-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.10
0.1
726
PT2
22-Sep
22:12:00
30.00-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
728
PT2
23-Sep
12:55:00
23.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
730
PT2
23-Sep
20:27:00
24.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.10
1.54
-
0.02
0.21
1.87
736
PT2
24-Sep
18:02:00
41.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
0.01
738
PT2
25-Sep
06:07:00
20.00-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.04
742
PT2
25-Sep
11:57:00
17.00
0.02
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.07
743
PT2
25-Sep
12:49:00
11.00
3.64
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
-
3.65
744
PT2
25-Sep
16:39:00
13.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
746
PT2
25-Sep
18:09:00
15.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.05
-
-
-
2.19
747
PT2
25-Sep
21:36:00
13.00
4.51
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
-
4.51
748
PT2
26-Sep
11:26:00
15.00
0.01
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.27
0.27
749
PT2
26-Sep
12:07:00
15.00
0.33
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.49
755
PT2
28-Sep
11:34:00
27.00
0.13
-
0.05
-
-
-
-
0.01
0.65
1.81
0.13
0.01
-
2.79
757
PT2
28-Sep
22:22:00
23.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.87
-
-
-
1.88
54
760
PT2
29-Sep
13:12:00
12.00
0.13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.60
-
-
-
0.73
762
PT2
29-Sep
14:16:00
31.00
0.56
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.57
764
PT2
29-Sep
22:42:00
23.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.73
-
0.73
-
-
0.72
2.17
766
PT2
1-Oc
11:26:00
42.00
0.47
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.49
767
PT2
1-Oc
12:41:00
42.00
-
-
0.03
-
-
0.12
-
-
-
0.02
-
0.01
0.13
0.31
770
PT2
1-Oc
22:09:00
20.00-
-
-
-
0.01
-
0.08
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
0.13
0.23
771
PT2
1-Oc
23:12:00
20.00-
-
-
-
0.09
-
0.14
-
-
-
0.01
-
-
0.04
0.28
775
PT2
2-Oc
07:20:00
18.00
-
-
-
0.09
-
0.06
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
0.17
776
PT2
2-Oc
09:06:00
18.00
-
-
-
0.01
-
0.77
-
-
-
0.01
-
0.03
-
0.83
778
PT2
2-Oc
12:53:00
22.00
-
-
-
-
-
0.02
-
-
-
0.04
-
-
-
0.06
780
PT2
2-Oc
16:22:00
25.00
-
-
-
0.36
-
0.01
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
0.15
0.53
782
PT2
2-Oc
20:27:00
20.00-
-
-
-
0.05
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
0.06
0.12
784
PT2
2-Oc
23:41:00
19.00
-
-
-
0.03
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
-
-
0.02
0.05
786
PT2
3-Oc
07:31:00
21.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
788
PT2
3-Oc
12:52:00
15.00
1.66
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.04
1.77
789
PT2
3-Oc
14:03:00
18.00
0.01
0.04
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.28
0.03
-
0.36
0.89
791
PT2
3-Oc
21:29:00
28.00
-
-
-
0.01
-
-
-
-
-
0.09
-
-
-
0.11
Table 3. Biomass es ima es o capelin in nea sho e and jo d en i onmen s du ing he 2005 Wes
G eenland Acous ic Capelin Su ey
A ea
Numbe
o 1 nmi
obse a ions
Mean
NASC
(m2/nmi2)
Maximum
NASC
(m2/nmi2)
Mean
capelin
a ea densi y
( /nmi2)
Maximum
capelin a ea
densi y
( /nmi2)
Mean
a ge
s eng h
(dB)
Mean
weigh
(g)
Vaiga
14
170
531
28.3
88.2
-52.4
12.8
Disko
34
1379
15507
233.8
2575.5
-55.0
6.6
Ame loq (sou h o
Sisimiu ),
34
851
2509
98.4
290.0
-55.6
4.0
God håb jo d
196
1154
11720
170.2
1729.4
-54.9
6.0
K ane jo d
45
776
2460
102.2
324.1
-55.2
5.0
A suk jo d
72
495
3493
52.2
368.1
-55.2
4.0
Tase miu jo d
27
262
1002
42.0
160.6
-53.8
8.4
56
Table 4. Scien i ic c uise pa icipan s
Name
Ad ess
e-mail
Tl ./Fax
So ie Ru h
Je emiassen
G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al
Resou ces
Box 570
3900 Nuuk
soje@na u .gl
321200/321212
Bo Be gs öm, Assis an
c uise leade , leg 2
G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al
Resou ces
Box 570
3900 Nuuk
bobe@na u .gl
321200/321212
Malene Simon, Head o
ma ine mammal g oup
G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al
Resou ces
Box 570
3900 Nuuk
[email p o ec ed]l
[email protected]
550563
321200/321212
Sigu du To
Jonsson
Ma ine Resea ch Ins i u e
Skulaga a 4, 105
Reykja ik
sigu du @ha o.is
+354 5752000
di ec +354 5752093
ax +354 5752101
Bjo n Sigu da son
Ma ine Resea ch
Ins i u e
Skulaga a 4, 105
Reykja ik
bsig@ha o.is
+354 5752000
di ec +354 5752158
ax +354 5752101
Nina E iksen
Fo sk. Lab
Bispebje g Hospi al
Bispebje g bakke
Dk-2400 Kbh NV
ne [email protected]
+45 61713141
Anna–So ie S ensgaa d
DBL-heal he.and Pe
Jæge sbo g Alle 1D
2930 Cha lo enlund
DK
ass ensgaa d@dblne .dk
+45 26297650
Hjalma Vilhjalmsson,
C uiseleade leg 1 and 2
Ha annsoknas o nunin
Ma ine Resea ch Ins i u e
Reykja ik
hjalma @ha o.is
hjalma 1937@ho mail.com
+354 5752000
di ec +354 5752
ax +354 5752101
Hen ik Knudsen
Na u ama S endbo g
D onningmaen 30
5700 S endbo g
Danma k
hek@na u ama.dk
Ma ianne Rasmusen
Valdema sgade 2’
5000 Odense C
Danma k
mh @biology.sdu.dk
+45 61673073
+354 6958846
Kaj Wieland, Assis an
c uiseleade leg 1
G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al
Resou ces
Box 570
3900 Nuuk
KWI@na u .gl
Henning Ma hæussen
G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al
Resou ces
Box 570
3900 Nuuk
Jens Nyeland, Head o bi d
g oup
Na u ama S endbo g
D onningmaen 30
5700 S endbo g
Danma k
jen@na u ama.dk
Appendix III. Sec ion 2: Ins umen a ion and sampling gea
Pelagic awl o sampling o echo eco dings
Type: Ha s ad 16x16 m wi h 83 m b idles.
Mesh size in codend 10 mm, wi h a co e ing o 5 mm mesh ne ing, eaching abou 5-6 m
up om he bo om.
Ve ical opening: 10 m a a owing speed o 2.5-3 kn s.
Range: F om 15 m om su ace o 5-10 m om bo om.
Acous ic ins umen a ion:
Echo sounde : Sim ad ER60
T ansduce : ES38B
F equency: 38 kHz
Beam ype: Spli
Gain: 24.50 dB
Sa co ec ion: -0.56 dB
2-way beam angle: 20.70 dB
Angle sensi i i y: Along: 21.90; A hwa : 21.90
O se : Along: 0.10°; A hwa : 0.06°
Beamwid h: Along: 7.60°; A hwa : 7.02°
Pulse du a ion: 1024 µsec.
Sampling in e al: Va iable
Powe : 2000 w
Recei e bandwid h: 2.43 kHz
T ansduce : ES 120-7
F equency: 120 kHz
Beam ype: Spli
Gain: 26.86 dB
Sa co ec ion: -0.73 dB
2-way beam leng h: 20.50 dB
Angle Sensi i i y: Along: 21.00; A hwa : 21.00 dB
Angle O se : Along: 0.43°; A hwa : 0.08°
3-dB Beam wid h: Along: 6.73°; A hwa : 7.02°
Pulse du a ion: 256 µsec.
Sampling in e al: Va iable
Powe : 500 w
Recei e Bandwid h: 8.71 kHz
T ansduce : ES18-11
F equency: 18 kHz
Beam ype: Spli
Gain: 22.99 dB
Sa co ec ion: -0.65 dB
64
Figu e 1. Sigh ings o in whale ( ed) and minke whale (blue).
65
Figu e 2. Sigh ings o humpback whales (blue), blue whales ( ed), sei whales (g een), bowhead o
no he n igh whale (pu ple) and uniden i ied la ge whales (yellow).
Figu e 3. Sigh ings o spe m whales (blue), pilo whales (o ange), whi e sided dolphins (g een),
whi e beaked dolphins (magen a), kille whales (yellow) and uniden i ied beaked whale (pu ple).
66
Figu e 4. Sigh ings o seals.
3.4. Discussion
The la ges di e si y o ce aceans was obse ed in he Denma k S ai and o Eas
G eenland‟s coas whe e 11 o he 13 ce acean species we e seen.
Fin whale sigh ings we e o en agg ega ed in o sho e a eas, wi h he co e a eas being
be ween Disko Bay and Sisimiu , wes o Kap Fa el and o King F ede ik VI‟s coas up
o Ammassalik. Minke whales we e obse ed in he same a eas as he in whales. No
ce aceans we e obse ed no h o Disko Bay
Humpback whales we e obse ed bo h o and in-sho e. I was he only species o la ge
baleen whales, obse ed inside he jo ds, usually close o he mou h o he jo d (Figu e
2).
We expec o be able o calcula e a popula ion es ima e o in whales and humpback
whales. Un o una ely he e we e oo ew obse a ions o minke whales o make an
es ima e o ha species.
3.5. Re e ences
Buckland, S.T., Ande son, D.R., Bu nham, K.P., Laake, J.L., Bo che s, D.L. and Thomas, L. (2001).
In oduc ion o Dis ance Sampling. Es ima ing abundance o biological popula ions. Ox o d
Uni e si y P ess.
67
4. Seabi ds
Jens Nyeland & Hen ik Knudsen, Na u ama, 5700 S endbo g, Denma k
4.1. Objec i e
To s udy he spa ial and empo al dis ibu ion o seabi ds in ela ion o hei po en ial
p ey species Capelin and K ill.
4.2. Me hods
Obse a ions we e made om a la ge wooden “box” (H: 145 cm, D: 180 cm, L: 226 cm)
i ed wi h a windshield. The obse a ion “box” was placed on he oo o he ship‟s
b idge 10.3 m abo e sea le el. Coun s o bi ds we e conduc ed in 10-minu e pe iods in a
band 300 m wide on one side o he ship ollowing Taske e al. (1984) and Webb &
Du inck (1992). He e all bi ds (species and numbe s) we e eco ded. Obse a ions we e
ca ied ou du ing dayligh hou s whene e wea he condi ions allowed. Fo each 10-
minu e obse a ion pe iod we eco ded s a and s op ime (local G eenland ime) and
s a and s op GPS posi ion (wi h hand held GPS´) o he obse a ion, p ecipi a ion, sea
ice, wind speed and di ec ion and isibili y. Fu he , non-sys ema ic obse a ions we e
ca ied ou on a egula basis du ing he whole c uise.
4.3. P elimina y Resul s and Discussion
Almos ou -hund ed en-minu e obse a ions we e ca ied ou du ing he c uise
co e ing 67 obse a ion hou s. A o al o 34 bi d species we e eco ded o which 27 we e
obse ed wi hin he 300 m. ansec band du ing he sys ema ic coun s (Table 1.). The
mos common and nume ous species eco ded was Fulma (Fulma us glacialis) (n>2578 in
he 300 m. ansec band) ollowed by Ki iwakes (Rissa idac yla) (n=2132), Li le Auks
(Alle alle) (n=1675) and B ünnich‟s Guillemo s (U ia lom ia) (n=347). Fulma s we e seen
nea he ship almos all he ime du ing he c uise. Occasionally Fulma s occu ed in such
la ge numbe s a ound he ship ha made sys ema ic coun s o his species impossible,
due o he isk o double coun ing.
Fulma s occu in a ious colou mo phs om a whi e/ligh ace o a da k b own ace.
Ou esul s showed c. 1% da k bi ds (n=1144) no h o 66°N which was signi ican ly
ewe compa ed o he 5% da k bi ds (n=309) ha was ound sou h o his la i ude (Chi2 =
1293.3, d =1, wi h Ya e‟s co ec ion). In he Disko Bay egion 3% da k bi ds we e seen
(n=102).
Ki iwakes we e also seen in la ge numbe s and we e mos common sou h o 68°N. We
di ided Ki iwake eco dings in o age g oups; i) adul s and 2nd yea bi ds and ii) 1s yea
bi ds. The e was no clea la i udinal dis ibu ion in he p opo ion o i) and ii). The as
majo i y o Ki iwake eco dings we e adul s and 2nd yea bi ds. The o e all p opo ion o
1s yea bi ds was only c. 1.5%.
Li le Auks we e he mos nume ous alcid species. I was usually eco ded nea he edge
o he shel and on he Banks in acco dance wi h Falk & Du inck (1996). They occu ed
mos commonly be ween 67°N and 70°N.
68
Mos B ünnichs Guillemo s we e obse ed sou h o 68°N wi h highes concen a ions in
he mos sou he ly pa o he c uise; i.e. 61°N-62°N. O en a la ge adul bi d was
associa ed wi h a smalle bi d, mos likely an adul male wi h i ‟s o sp ing.
Two species o Skuas we e eco ded; Poma ine (n=6) and A c ic Skua (n=15) and eigh
uniden i ied Skuas (Poma ine o A c ic). Poma ine Skuas do no b eed in G eenland and
hose seen a e likely o be o Canadian o igin. Con a y, he o igin o he A ic Skuas is
mo e unclea since hey b eed bo h in Canada and G eenland.
Apa om Ki iwakes he mos nume ous gull species seen was Iceland Gull (n=345),
which was mos ly seen in he jo ds and close o land. Con a y, Glaucous Gull (n=309)
was bo h seen nea he coas bu also u hes o sho e.
No King Eide s we e obse ed du ing he sys ema ic coun s and only 11 we e seen
du ing he un-sys ema ic coun s. S o e Helle iske and Fyllas Banks a e known o be
impo an win e ing si es o his species (Boe mann e al. 2004) howe e , and he ships‟
ansec ou e did co e pa s o hese a eas. The e o e, signi ican numbe s o King Eide s
may no ha e a i ed a o he banks a he ime o he c uise.
Rela i ely ew Common Eide s we e seen (n=325). The highes numbe obse ed was a
lock o c. 300 bi ds in God håbs jo den. God håbs jo den is an impo an win e ing a ea
o Common Eide s and he bi ds eco ded may be o e win e ing bi ds a i ing ea ly.
Only six eco dings o Soo y Shea wa e s ha e been documen ed p io o he p esen
c uise (Boe mann 1994). Soo y Shea wa e s a e seen a ound Iceland egula ly and i is
he e o e likely ha his species also occu in G eenland wa e s on a egula basis bu is
no eco ded.
Six Common Sco e s we e seen; a species ha has ne e been o icially eco ded in
G eenland be o e.
The acous ic Capelin and K ill su ey o e ed an ou s anding oppo uni y o map he
dis ibu ion o seabi ds o wes G eenland du ing au umn and o s udy he ela ionship
be ween seabi ds and hei po en ial p ey species. Howe e , he la e pa o he p ojec
has no ye been done.
Du ing Sep embe he ma ine wa e s o wes G eenland suppo a di e se g oup o
seabi ds (Du inck & Falk 1996, his s udy). Some G eenland b eede s a e lea ing (i.e.
Ki iwakes and Fulma s), some s ay o he win e (e.g. some o he B ünnichs Guillemo s
and Eide s) and some o eign bi ds a i e o spend he win e in hese wa e s (B ünnichs
Guillemo s, King and Common Eide s) (Salomonsen 1967, Lyngs 2003). Hence, he
dis ibu ion pa e n o he bi ds may ha e e lec ed his e y dynamic ime o he yea .
69
The su ace eede s Fulma s and Ki iwakes lea e G eenland wa e s o spend he win e
a mo e sou he ly la i udes (Lyngs 2003). This may e lec ha hei pa icula p ey
species a e absen om he uppe mos laye s du ing he coldes mon hs in win e . Du ing
ou c uise bo h o hese species we e p esen in la ge numbe s sugges ing ha la ge
concen a ions o hei p ey was s ill a ailable. Howe e , al eady in ea ly No embe mos
Fulma s and Ki iwakes ha e le G eenland wa e s (Lyngs 2003).
4.4. Re e ences
Boe mann, D. 1994. An anno a ed check lis o he bi ds o G eenland. Medd . G ønland, Biosci.
38, 63 pp.
Boe mann, D. P. Lyngs, F. Me kel & A. Mosbech (2004). The signi icance o Sou hwes G eenland
as win e qua e s o seabi ds. Bi d Conse a ion In e na ional 4: 87-112.
Du inck, J. & K. Falk (1996). The dis ibu ion and abundance o seabi ds o sou hwes e n
G eenland in au umn and win e 1988-1989. Pola Resea ch 15: 23-42.
Lyngs, P. (2003). Mig a ion and win e anges o bi ds in G eenland; an analysis o inging
eco e ies. Dansk O n. Fo en. Tidssk . 97, 167 pp.
Salomonsen, F. 1967. Fuglene på G ønland. Rhodos, Københa n. 341 pp.
Taske , M.L, P.M. Jones, T. Dixon & B.F. Blake. (1984). Coun ing seabi ds a sea om ships: a
e iew
o me hods employed and a sugges ion o a s anda dized app oach. Auk 101: 567-577.
Webb, A. & J. Du inck. (1992). Coun ing bi ds om ship. In J. Komdeu , J. Be elsen & G. C acknell
(Eds.): Manual o Ae oplane and Ship Su eys o Wa e owl and Seabi ds. IWRB Spec. Publ. 19,
Slimb idge, UK, 37 pp.
Table 1. Numbe o obse a ions o each o he di e en bi d species eco ded wi hin he 300 m
ansec and du ing non-sys ema ic eco dings. – Indica es no da a.
La in
English
G eenlandic
Danish
To al
numbe o
bi ds in
300 m
ansec
band
To al
numbe o
bi ds (incl.
non-
sys ema ic
eco dings)
Ga ia imme
G ea No he n
Di e
Tuullik
Islom
2
3
Fulma us glacialis
No he n Fulma
Qaqulluk
Mallemuk
>2578
-
Pu inus g a is
G ea Shea wa e
Qaqullussuaq
S o sk åpe
0
2
Pu inus g iseus
Soo y
Shea wa e
-
Sod a e
sk åpe
7
11-13
Phalac oco ax ca bo
Co mo an
Oqaa soq
Ska
0
20
Anse albi ons
G eenland
Ne leq
G ønlandsk
0
5
70
la i os is
Whi e- on ed
Goose
blisgås
B an a/Anse sp.
Goose sp.
-
Gås sp.
0
5
Anas Pla y hynchos
Malla d
Qee lu ooq
G åand
0
5
Soma e ia mollissima
Common Eide
Mi eq
Ede ugl
325
350
Soma e ia spec abilis
King Eide
Mi eq sio aki soq
Kongeede ugl
0
11
Melani a nig a
Common Sco e
-
So and
6
8
Clangula hyemalis
Long- ailed duck
Alleq
Ha li
0
12
Haliaee us albicilla
Whi e- ailed
Eagle
Na o alik
Ha ø n
0
7 (ad.)
Falco pe eg inus
Pe eg ine Falcon
Kiinaalee aq
Vand e alk
1
1 (2K)
Falco us icolus
Gy Falcon
Kissa iasuk
Jag alk
2
2 (1 lys, 1
g å)
Calid is ma i ima
Pu ple
Sandpipe
Saa aa suk
So g å Ryle
3
6
Phala opus ulica ius
G ey Phala ope
Kajua aq
Tho shane
0
2
Phala opus loba us
Red Phala ope
Naluumaso oq
Odinshane
5
12
P. ulica ius/loba us
Phala ope sp.
Kajua aq/ Naluumaso oq
S ømmesneppe
sp.
8
12-13
S e co a ius
poma inus
Poma ine Skua
Isunnga suaq
Mellemkjo e
6
26
S e co a ius
pa asi icus
A c ic Skua
Isunngaq
Almindelig
kjo e
15
16
S.
Poma inus/pa asi icus
Poma ine/A c ic
Skua
Isunnga suaq/ Isunngaq
Mellem/Alm.
kjo e
8
5
Common Gull
-
S o mmåge
1
1
La us a gen a us
He ing Gull
-
Søl måge
0
5
La us smi hsonianus
Ame ican
He ing Gull
-
Ame ikansk
søl måge
0
1 (1K)
La us ma inus
G ea Black-
backed Gull
Naaja luk
S a bag
74
-
Rissa idac yla
Black-legged
Ki iwake
Taa e aaq
Ride
2132
-
La us hype bo eus
Glaucous Gull
Naajau ujussuaq
G åmåge
309
-
La us glaucuides
Iceland Gull
Naajaannaq
H id inge
måge
345
-
S e na pa adisaea
A c ic Te n
Imeqquaalaq
Ha e ne
4
15
Alle alle
Li le Auk
Appalia suk
Søkonge
1675
4927
F a e cula a c ica
A lan ic Pu in
Qilanngaq
Lunde
12
34
Cepphus g ille
Black Guillemo
Se aq
Tejs
22
72
Ú ia aalge
Guillemo
Appa siggu ooq
A lan isk
lom ie
2
2
U ia lom ia
B ünnich‟s
Guillemo
Appa
Pola lom ie
347
1055
Alca o da
Razo bill
Appa luk
Alk
1
1
Alcid sp.
Uniden i ied
alcid
-
Alke ugl sp.
42
70
An hus ubescens
Bu -bellied Pipi
Kussa a naq
Hedepibe
0
2
71
Co us co ax
Ra en
Tulugaq
Ra n
4
1
Ca duelis lammea
Redpoll
O pimmiu aq
G åsisken
2
2
Plec ophenax ni alis
Snow Bun ing
Qupalo aasuk/Qupannaaq
Snespu
2
3
