1
Ch is ine Cuyle , Michael Rosing, John D.C.Linnell, Pipaluk M. Lund,
Anne Loison & A ild Landa
Ne ia & Qassi ca ibou
minimum coun & he d s uc u e
in 2000
Paamiu , Wes G eenland
Technical Repo No. 48, 2004
Pinngo i ale i ik x G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
Ti le: Ne ia & Qassi ca ibou minimum coun and he d s uc u e
in 2000, Paamiu , Wes G eenland.
Au ho s: Ch is ine Cuyle 1, Michael Rosing1, John Linnell2, Pipaluk
M. Lund3, Anne Loison4 & A ild Landa1&2
1 G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces, P.O. Box 570, DK – 3900 Nuuk, G eenland
2 No wegian Ins i u e o Na u e Resea ch, Tungasle a 2, 7485 T ondheim, No way
3 Technical Di ision, Ci y Hall, 2080 Eids oll No way
4 UMR – CNRS 5558, Labo a oi e de Biome ie e Biologie E olu i e, 69622
Villeu banne cedex, F ance
Funding: DANCEA, Danish Coope a ion o En i onmen in
he A c ic – Minis y o En i onmen and Ene gy,
S andgade 29, Copenhagen K, Denma k
Se ies: Technical Repo No. 48, 2004
Publishe : Pinngo i ale i ik, G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al
Resou ces
Co e pho o: Female ca ibou in win e . Pho og aphe : Ch is ine Cuyle
ISBN: 87-90024-87-7
ISSN: 1397-3657
Edi o : Lene The kildsen, Milik Publishing
Re e ence: Cuyle , C., M. Rosing, J.D.C. Linnell, P.M. Lund, A.
Loison, & A. Landa, 2004. Ne ia & Qassi ca ibou
minimum coun and he d s uc u e in 2000, Paamiu ,
Wes G eenland. G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al
Resou ces. Technical Repo No. 48. 46 pp.
A ailable om: The epo is only a ailable in elec onic o ma . You can
download a PDF- ile o he epo a his homepage
h p://www.na u .gl/publika ione / ekniske appo e
I is possible o achie e a p in o he epo he e:
Pinngo i ale i ik,
G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
P.O. Box 570
DK-3900 Nuuk
G eenland
Phone: +299 36 12 00
Fax: +299 36 12 12
E-mail: [email p o ec ed]
www.na u .gl
2
Con en s
Summa y 4
Imaqa nilio ne a 5
Sammend ag 8
In oduc ion 10
Me hods 12
Local knowledge & in ol emen 12
Helicop e econnaissance objec i es 12
Helicop e econnaissance o ca ibou dis ibu ion, minimum coun
and he d s uc u e 12
Sex & age c i e ia 15
S udy A eas 15
Resul s 16
Local knowledge 16
Ae ial econnaissance logis ics 17
Ca ibou minimum coun 17
He d s uc u e & ec ui men 18
Ne ia ca ibou dis ibu ion and densi y 18
Qassi ca ibou dis ibu ion 18
Discussion 19
Ne ia he d – sou h egion Paamiu 19
Qassi he d – no h egion Paamiu 21
Implica ions o ca ibou ha es 22
Acknowledgemen s 22
Re e ences 24
Appendix 1: Local Knowledge 26
Appendix 2: Ae ial econnaissance 2000 da a o Ne ia & Qassi ca ibou
popula ions in egion Paamiu Wes G eenland 31
Appendix 3: Lis o e ms 40
Appendix 4: Recommenda ions o he u u e 42
Appendix 5: “Guess ima e” o Ne ia ca ibou popula ion 2000 45
3
Summa y
Ca ibou he d size, s uc u e, ec ui men and dis ibu ion in he Paamiu egion
we e las in es iga ed in 1995. To ob ain in o ma ion on cu en condi ions, his
s udy i s documen ed local knowledge abou he wo ca ibou he ds, Ne ia and
Qassi , in he Paamiu egion. Hun e in e iews and communi y mee ings we e
held. The knowledge gained s uc u ed he subsequen ae ial econnaissance o
ca ibou minimum coun , he d s uc u e, au umn ec ui men a es (cal es/100
cows) and dis ibu ion.
The helicop e econnaissance ook place be ween 28 Sep embe and 4 Oc obe
2000. As pe local hun e ins uc ions a se ies o spaghe i ansec s we e lown
o e he anges o Ne ia and Qassi he ds. A esh snow laye co e ed he e ain
o all ligh s and g ea ly imp o ed ca ibou sigh abili y, since he p esence o esh
acks allowed apid localiza ion o ac ual animals.
Ne ia he d (sou h Paamiu )
The minimum coun o Ne ia was 332 ca ibou. Highes densi ies we e ound mid-
way be ween he Da is S ai coas and he G eenland Ice Cap. A e age densi y
o he minimum coun a ea su eyed, 180 km2, was c. 2.2 ± 3.0 SD ca ibou/km2.
Maximum densi y was c. 14 ca ibou/km2 and occu ed on ansec 17. A e age
g oup size was 4.1 ca ibou. Cal pe cen age was 29.8%. The sex a io was 1.4 cows
o e e y bull. Au umn ec ui men was 72.2 cal es/100 cows. Annual na u al
mo ali y (8-10%) on he minimum coun may be be ween 27-33 animals.
Qassi he d (no h Paamiu )
The minimum coun o Qassi was 196 ca ibou. Mos ca ibou we e obse ed
no h o he la ge lake Kangaa suup ase sua. A e age densi y o he minimum
coun a ea su eyed, 202 km2, was c. 0.9 ±2.2 SD ca ibou/km2. Maximum densi y
was c. 12 ca ibou/km2 and occu ed on ansec 43. A e age g oup size was 4.4
ca ibou. Cal pe cen age was 32.2%. The sex a io was 1.6 cows o e e y bull.
Au umn ec ui men was 77 cal es/100 cows. Annual na u al mo ali y (8-10%)
on he minimum coun may be be ween 16-20 animals.
Conclusions
This econnaissance da a did no allow a calcula ion o popula ion size o ei he
he Ne ia o Qassi he ds, because a eas whe e maximum ca ibou we e expec ed
we e p e e en ially sampled. Bo h he ds show high au umn cal ec ui men , and
local opinion belie es he ca ibou a e mo e nume ous han e e be o e. I is
possible ha bo h he Ne ia and Qassi he ds a e inc easing in size, gi en he
4
excellen ec ui men , bull o cow a io, good ege a ion, lack o p eda o s and he
low hun ing p essu e du ing he 1990s.
Wi hou he newly allen snow, sigh ing ca ibou would ha e been almos
impossible in he o he wise di icul e ain co e , which included a mul i ude o
glacial e a ics (boulde s o all sizes), speci ically ca ibou sized. Ca ibou
abundance in es iga ions will always be hampe ed by hese e a ics, which educe
ca ibou sigh abili y. The helicop e ligh al i ude o 30 me es (100 ee ) imp o ed
sigh abili y o he ca ibou and he e o e his al i ude is ecommended o u u e
su eys.
The p ospec o u u e su eys in he adi ional sense, i.e., s ip o line ansec
su eys, was judged o be poo due o se e al ea u es o he ca ibou and he
e ain. S eep-sided alleys domina e he e ain, and he amoun o a ailable
habi a changes d ama ically wi hin sho dis ances. When his is added o he low
densi y and clumped dis ibu ion o hese ca ibou he esul is wo popula ions o
which i is di icul o ge an absolu e numbe es ima e unless inancing is g ea ly
inc eased. G ea e unding would allow mo e helicop e ime, which would
inc ease a ea co e age and allow a andomiza ion o ansec s. Al e na ely, an
index o abundance is possible i he econnaissance desc ibed he e is epea ed,
i.e., p o ided ha i is possible o do he same ligh s in he same season wi h new
snow co e .
The collec ion o local knowledge p o ided in o ma ion abou cu en ca ibou
dis ibu ion and ela i e abundance, and he implemen a ion o local knowledge
and ins uc ions om local hun e s designed his econnaissance. Fu he co-
ope a ion be ween locals and in es iga o s is ecommended.
Imaqa nilio ne a
Paamiu pigisaani u oqassuseq, qanoq inne a , piaqqio ne a
siamma simane allu kingulle mik 1995-imi misisso neqa pu . Pissu si
maannakko piaq qanoq inne a paasinia lugu misissuine i aalla i innginne ini
Paamiu pigisaani Ne iami Qassimilu u u pillugi aqqa ane miu ilisimasaa
paasiniaqqaa neqa pu . Pinia u ape so neqa pu innu aasunillu
a aa simii i sisoqa luni. Ilisimalikka pissa sia ineqa u kingusinne usukku
qulimiguulik a o lugu ikinne paassusiliinia luni kisi sine mi aammalu
a aa simoo ukkuu aa kisinneqa ne inu , ukia ne ani ame le iaa inu (kula aa
100-gaanga a no aa qassi ) aammalu u u siamma simassussaannu
misissuine nu unnga iuppu .
5
Qulimiguulimmik qulangiuaa ineq pi oq 28. sep embe imii 4. ok obe ip
ungaanu . Taqqa ani pinia u ili se suine a aallaa igalugu Ne iami Qassinilu
u unik kisi sisoqa poq nunap ilusaa naape o lugu qulangiuaa isoqa luni.
Inge laa igisa ama mik apeqqammisa simappu aamaalilluni u u
sumiinne a paasiniassallugu ajo nannginne ule luni,
ussa neqa iaannaamma ami.
Ne iami u u (Paamiu kuja aa)
Ne iami u u ikinne paamik 332-uppu . Ame lane i Da is S ædep sine iaanii
se me suup killinga a ungaanu qeqqa a missaani nassaassaappu .
Misissui igisami ikinne paamik kisi a agguaqa igiissillugu
ame laqa igiikkuu aa ne a assaa oq 180 km2, 2,2 ± 3,0 SD u u /km2-imu ..
Ame laqa igiikkuu aani ame lane paa assaappu u u 14 /km2 missaa,
ukimoo umi 17-imi nassaa ineqa u . Tu u a aa simoo ukkuu aa
ame lassusaasa agguaqa igiissinne i assaappu u u 4,1-i . No aa 29,8%-
iuppu . Suiaassu sini agguaqa igiinne i assaappu panne mu a aa simu
kula aa 1,4 . Ukiaane ani ame lia uaa ne i assaappu kula annu 100-nu
no aa 72,2- . Ikinne paassusiliinia luni kisi sine mi ukiumu
nappaammi /u oqqaline mi oqussu aasa u (8-10%) ne su i 27- 33-llu
ako nanniissasu naa so suu igineqa pu .
Qassini u u (Paamiu a annaa)
Qassini u u ikinne paamik 196-iuppu . Kangaa suup ase sua a a annaani u u
ame lane paa akuneqa pu . Misissui igisami ikinne paamik kisi a
agguaqa igiissillugu ame laqa igiikkuu aa ne i assaa oq 202 km2, 0,9 ±2,2 SD
u u /km2-imi missaa , ukimoo umi 43-mi nassaa ineqa u . Tu u
a aa simoo ukkuu aa ame lassusaasa agguaqa igiissinne a assaa oq u u 4,4-
. No aa 32,2%-iuppu . Suiaassu sini agguaqa igiinne i assaappu panne mu
a aa simu kula aa 1,6-i . Ukiaane ani ame lia uaa ne i assaappu kula annu
100-nu no aa 77-i . Ikinne paassusiliinia luni kisi sine mi ukiumu
nappaammi /u oqqaline mi oqussu aasa u (8-10%) ne su i 16-i 20-llu
ako nanniissasu naa so suu igineqa pu .
Naggasiineq
Misissuine ni paasissu issa pissa sia ineqa u Ne iami Qassinilu u u
amakkiisumik ame lassusaannik naa so suinissanu
unnga iliisinnaasimanngilla , assami misissuine ni sumii ii
u oqa lua ne unissaannik ilimasu igine usa ikinne paassusiliinia luni
kisi si igineqaanna ma a. Ukiaane ani no aqa lua a ne a u u aakku
6
ako nanni akuneqa sinnaa oq, aqqa ane miullu naliliine a naape o lugu
aa saa aama u oqa igaaq. Ne iami Qassinilu u u ame lia uaa nissaminnu
pe ia issagissaa lua pu , no aa ame lallua ne i, ne isassaqa lua ne a,
kiiso oqannginne a aammalu 1990-ikkunni pisaqa oqa pia annginne a
eqqa saa igalugi .
Apeqqamme simanngikkalua pa u u nassaa iuminaalluinnangajassimassa-
galua pu , nunap qaa a a lalippassua igu se me simasunik
maniikulunne aqaqimma (uja a ujussui assigiinngi sunik angissusilli –
ingammillu u u angeqqa ai). Tu u ame lassusaannik misissuineq
amakkuninnga ajo nakusoo inneqa ua a ussaa oq, aakkumi u u
nassaa inia ne inu pisa isse suimma a. Qulimiguulik 30 me e inik
qa sissuseqa luni ( odi 100- ) immine a a u u nassaa inia ne inu
pe ia issiillua poq, aamaa umillu qa sissu sip aassuma siunissami
misissuinissani a o neqa nissaa inne suu igineqa poq.
Siunissami qulimiguulik a o lugu misissuisa nissani nalinginnaasumik
pe iuseqa luni misissuisa neq, assa nunap qanoq issusia apeqqu aa innagu
nunap assingani i a ne nik malinnillu immisa ne i a o neqa nissaa
inne suussu iginanngilaq, u u aammalu nunap qanoq issusaa ma umani
eqqa saa igineqa luni. Qooqqu si ingasunik sinaalli amaani a laqaqaa nunalu
uuma igineqa sinnaasoq allanngo a upilussuulluni. Tu oqa inni aakunani
ma lunni nunap ilusaa, u uisanne a aammalu iggunnikukkuu aa umillusooq
u u siamma simane a eqqa saa igalugi u unik amakkiisumik kisi sinia neq
ajo nakusoo poq, amakkiisumik kisi sisoqassappa aningaasaliissu igineqa u
ame lineqa ujussuaqqaa a iaqa pu . Aningaasaliissu i ame lineqa pa a
qulimiguulimmik si isune usumik a uisoqa sinnaalissaaq, ama umalu
kingune isaanik qulangiuaagaq anne usineqassaaq kiisalu sumii ii
u oqa ne unissaanik ilimasu iune usu kisiisa pinnagi kisi sine i
inge lanneqa sinnaalissallu ik. Pe ia issaq alla assaa oq ame lassu si
nike a ne annik malinnaaneq, assa siuliani misissue iaaseq apeqqamme sumi,
ukiup aamaale pia ne ani nunap ilusaa malillugu ikinne paassusiliinia luni
kisi sisa ne i imminnu sanilliunneqa sinnaasu inge la assallugi .
Sumii immi ilisimasanik ka e suineq u u maannakko piaq siamma simane inik
aammalu naa so suu igisa u ame lassusaannik paasissu issii oq; aamma aa lu
misissuineq manna sumii immi ilisimasa amaanilu pinia u ili se suussu aa
unnga igalugi aaqqissuunneqa poq. Sumii immi najugaqa u aammalu
ilisima usa a u ako nanni suleqa igiinne up inge la iinna neqa nissaa
inne suussu aa oq.
7
Sammend ag
Rensdy bes andens s ø else, s uk u , il æks og udb edelse i Paamiu dis ik e
ble sids unde søg i 1995. Fo a emska e in o ma ion om den nu æ ende
si ua ion, a ø s e ase a denne unde søgelse a ska e dokumen a ion ud a
lokal kendskab il de o ensdy bes ande, Ne ia og Qassi , i Paamiu dis ik e .
De ble o e age in e iews med ange e og a hold møde i lokalsam unde .
Den iden, de ble emska e , dannede g undlag o den e e ølgende
ekognosce ing a lu en, en minimum- og loks uk u ælling, e e å s il æks
(kal e p . 100 køe /simle ) og udb edelse a ensdy .
Rekognosce ing med helikop e and s ed a 28. sep embe - 4. ok obe 2000. På
bagg und a ins ukse a de lokale ange e ble de løje en se ie ”spaghe i”
æ sni (d s. a de bli e løje på en sådan måde, a helikop e en ølge højden i
e æne ) o e Ne ia og Qassi bes andenes om åde . E ny lag sne dækkede
e æne ed alle o e ly ninge ne, h ilke i høj g ad øgede ensdy synligheden,
ide ils ede æ elsen a nye spo muliggjo de en hu ig lokalise ing a dy ene.
Ne iabes anden (syd Paamiu )
Minimum an alle o Ne ia a 332 ensdy . De s ø s e æ hede ble unde
mid ejs mellem Da is S æde-kys en og indlandsisen. Den gennemsni lige
æ hed o minimum ællingens ekognosce ingsom åde, 180 km2, a c. 2,2 ± 3,0
SD ensdy /km2. Maksimum æ heden a c. 14 ensdy /km2, de and es på
æ sni 17. Den gennemsni lige g uppes ø else a 4,1 ensdy . Andelen a kal e
a på 29,8%. Køns o delingen a 1,4 køe o h e y . Bes ands il æks i
e e å e a 72,2 kal e/100 køe . Den na u lige å lige dødelighed (8-10%) på
minimums ællingen anslås a æ e mellem 27-33 dy .
Qassi bes anden (no d Paamiu )
Minimum an alle o Qassi a 196 ensdy . De les e ene ble se no d o den
s o e sø, Kangaa suup ase sua. Den gennemsni lige æ hed i minimum ællingens
ekognosce ingsom åde, 202 km2, a c. 0,9 ±2,2 SD ensdy /km2. Maksimum
æ hed a c. 12 ensdy /km2, de and es på æ sni 43. Den gennemsni lige
g uppes ø else a 4,4 ensdy . Kal eandelen a på 32,2%. Køns o delingen a
1,6 køe o h e y . Bes ands il æks i e e å e a 77 kal e/100 køe . Den
na u lige å lige dødelighed (8-10%) på minimums ællingen anslås a æ e 16-20
dy .
8
Konklusione
Disse da a a ekognosce ingen illod ikke be egning a bes andens s ø else,
h e ken o Ne ia elle Qassi -bes andene, o di om åde h o de o en edes
maksimum an al ensdy ble p io i e e il unde søgelse. Begge bes ande ise
høje al o e e å e s kal eandel, og den lokale op a else e , a de e le e ensdy
end nogensinde idlige e. De e mulig , a s ø elsen a både Ne ia og Qassi
bes andene okse i be ag ning a den udmæ kede kal eandel, køns o delingen,
god ege a ion, ingen ils ede æ else a o dy sam de la e jag p es i 1990’e ne.
Uden den nye sne ille de ha e æ e næs en umulig a se ensdy ene i den
elle s anskelige e æno e lade med mange ilisede ujæ nhede (kampes en i
alle s ø else - isæ a ensdy s ø else). Unde søgelse a an alle a ensdy il
al id bli e bes æ liggjo a sådanne il ældige objek e , de educe e muligheden
o a obse e e ensdy ene. Helikop e ly ehøjden på 30 me e (100 od)
o bed ede muligheden o a se ensdy ene, og de o anbe ales denne højde o
em idige unde søgelse .
Udsig en o em idige unde søgelse på den adi ionelle måde, d s. s ip- elle
line- æ sni ællinge , ble u de e il a æ e då lig på g und a le e aspek e
ed så el ensdy ene som e æne . Dale med s ejle side domine e e æne , og
de ilgængelige li smiljø a ie e d ama isk på ko e a s ande. Nå de e øjes il
den la e æ hed og den klumpede udb edelse a disse ene , e esul a e o
bes ande, o h ilke de e anskelig a anslå e absolu an al, medmind e
inansie ingen o øges æsen lig . Til ø sel a le e penge ille muliggø e me e
helikop e id, h ilke il o øge de dækkede om åde og muliggø e andomise ing
( be egning a bes andses ima e e a hængig a ilkå ligheden) a æ sni ene.
Al e na i e e al ighedsindeks en mulighed, h is ekognosce ingen de e
besk e e he gen ages, d s. h is de e mulig a o e age de samme ly ninge på
den samme å s id med ny alden sne.
Indsamlingen a lokal iden ska ede in o ma ion om den ak uelle udb edelse a
ensdy ene og de es ela i s o e an al; og de a på basis a den lokale iden og
ins uk ione a de lokale ange e, a denne ekognosce ing ble il e elag .
Fo sa sama bejde mellem de lokale beboe e og o ske ne anbe ales.
9
sou h o he F ede ikshåb Isblink down o he lands immedia ely no h o Qassi
jo d, and eas o he Ice Cap. The e a e ew alleys o lowlands in he Qassi a ea,
i.e., c. 1,000 km2 lie abo e 200 m ASL. A la ge lake, Kangaa suup ase sua s e ches
ac oss he no he n po ion. Ab up ele a ion changes, and high moun ain
pla eaus cha ac e ize he a ea. Glacial e a ics co e he landscape a all ele a ions.
Thing (1982) desc ibed he Qassi ange as ex emely lush, speci ically as ega ds
lichens. P ecipi a ion is plen i ul yea ound, and in win e he snow co e is
comple e and o en deep.
Resul s
Local knowledge
Twel e local hun e s ga e in e iews on ca ibou dis ibu ion and abundance.
Se en o hese we e elde s o e 60 yea s o age, which allowed a his o ical
pe spec i e. A u he wel e local hun e s a ended he communi y mee ing,
which was o he collec ion o local knowledge and o gi e a gene al o ien a ion
o he s udy. The in e iews and communi y mee ing wi h local hun e s p o ided
cu en local knowledge abou he Ne ia and Qassi ca ibou popula ions (Figu es
4, 5).
Figu e 4. Local knowledge in 2000 on app oxima e anges used by he Ne ia and Qassi ca ibou he ds
in he Paamiu egion.
16
Figu e 5. Local knowledge in 2000 on ca ibou dis ibu ion, mo emen , cal ing a eas and lichen ange o
he Ne ia and Qassi ca ibou he ds in he Paamiu egion.
Ae ial econnaissance logis ics
The manual click-coun e animal coun s om each obse e o each segmen
p o ided he basis o he o al minimum coun o each popula ion. Obse e s
spo ed mos ca ibou a dis ances o ≤ 300 me es. The p esence o newly allen
snow was he single mos impo an ac o o loca ing ca ibou in he boulde -
s ewn e ain, because esh acks pe mi ed quick spo ing o ac ual animals.
This su ey used abou 13 helicop e hou s o econnaissance and 5 helicop e
hou s o e ying o and om he s udy a eas. A ea co e age was c. 8 % o Ne ia
and c. 15% o Qassi (Appendix 2).
Ca ibou minimum coun
The minimum coun was 332 ca ibou o Ne ia, and 196 o Qassi (Table 1).
Popula ion size es ima es we e no possible, because ansec s we e no chosen
andomly bu a he a eas whe e ca ibou we e expec ed we e p e e en ially
sampled. Addi ionally, s ip wid h was likely a iable and a calcula ion o
a iance o he s ip wid h was no possible, i.e., since measu ed dis ances o
animals could no be ob ained.
No ca ibou we e obse ed on he K ane jo d peninsula, al hough acks in he
esh snow indica ed he p esence o pe haps 3 animals o he segmen s lown.
17
He d s uc u e & ec ui men
The au umn ec ui men sugges s an excellen cal p oduc ion in bo h he Ne ia
and Qassi he ds. The sex a io is 1.4 cows o e e y bull in he Ne ia he d, and 1.6
cows o e e y bull in he Qassi he d.
Table 1. He d S uc u e o wo ca ibou he ds in egion Paamiu , 1-4 Oc obe 2000
Ne ia he d Qassi he d
Loca ion Paamiu sou h Paamiu no h
Da e 1 Oc obe 2000 2 & 4 Oc obe 2000
Me hod Helicop e Helicop e
To al coun ed 332 196
To al sexed & aged 131 146
A e age g oup size 4.1 4.4
Maximum g oup size 14 24
Bull (>1 yea ) 38 (29.0 %) 38 (26.0 %)
Cow (>1 yea ) 54 (41.2 %) 61 (41.8 %)
Cal 39 (29.8 %) 47 (32.2 %)
Au umn ec ui men (cal es/100 cows*) 72 77
* All cows >1 yea old
Ne ia ca ibou dis ibu ion and densi y
A minimum coun o 332 ca ibou we e obse ed along he 28 spaghe i ansec s.
Maximum ca ibou densi y, c. 14 ca ibou/km2, was obse ed on ansec numbe
17. T ansec s ha ing densi ies > han 4 ca ibou/km2 we e in descending o de , 17,
15, 22, 26 and 19 (Appendix 2; Table 4). A eas o high ca ibou densi y we e
une enly dis ibu ed. The e we e, howe e , some common cha ac e is ics, e.g.,
hey we e 1) si ua ed midway be ween he Da is S ai seacoas and he
G eenland Ice Cap, 2) a ele a ions be ween 400 and 700 me es, 3) in close
p oximi y o a esh wa e lake o wa e way, and 4) pe haps a sou h- acing aspec .
Ca ibou we e conspicuous in hei absence close o he Ice Cap in he no h-
eas e n po ion o he Ne ia ange. Al hough no ansec s we e alloca ed o he
Da is S ai coas line, wo e uelling ligh s o e lew he coas al a eas and islands,
which we e co e ed wi h eshly allen snow. No ca ibou o ca ibou acks we e
ound on he ou e coas al a eas o islands bo de ing Da is S ai . Du ing he ime
pe iod co e ed, he ca ibou dis ibu ion o he Ne ia he d gene ally ag eed wi h
local knowledge ob ained p io o he econnaissance.
Qassi ca ibou dis ibu ion
A minimum coun o 196 ca ibou we e obse ed along he 33 spaghe i ansec
segmen s. Maximum ca ibou densi y, c. 12 ca ibou/km2, was obse ed on ansec
18
numbe 43. The e we e only wo ansec s ha ing densi ies > han 4 ca ibou/km2.
These we e in descending o de , 43 and 34 (Appendix 2; Table 5). I was s iking
ha he majo i y o ca ibou, i.e., 123, we e seen on he h ee nuna ak-like pieces o
land sandwiched be ween he lake Kangaa suup ase sua and he F ede ikshåb
Isblink. O e 50 ca ibou we e obse ed o aging on he Kangaa suup Nunaa (Ka a)
in he wes , and mos o hese we e on he exceedingly s eep sou h acing “ ock”
slopes. Fu he , abou wen y animals we e obse ed mo ing wes ac oss he
F ede ikshåb Isblink, which is iddled wi h deep c e asses. Jus o he eas , on he
middle nuna ak-like a ea, almos 30 ca ibou we e o aging on simila ly s eep
sou h acing ocky slopes. Fu hes o he eas , o e 60 ca ibou had agg ega ed o
o age on he sou hwes e n sho e o he hi d, mos eas e ly and inal nuna ak-like
a ea no h o lake Kangaa suup ase sua. In con as o he i s wo a eas, he e he
ca ibou we e g azing on gen le sou h- acing slopes. No ca ibou o acks we e
seen on he ue nuna aks embedded wi hin F ede ikshåb Isblink. Thus he majo i y
o he Qassi he d we e obse ed in he a ea no h o lake Kangaa suup ase sua
du ing he pe iod o he econnaissance.
Discussion
The minimum coun o Ne ia was 332 ca ibou, and o Qassi 196 animals. This
econnaissance da a did no allow a calcula ion o popula ion size o ei he he
Ne ia o Qassi he ds, because a eas whe e maximum ca ibou we e expec ed we e
p e e en ially sampled. Applica ion o mo e sophis ica ed me hods o line- i ing
and a iance calcula ion we e deemed inapp op ia e due o he highly biased
sampling, and u he , any esul would be highly dependen on he s ip wid h,
which was likely o be a iable. An app oxima e o al a ea pe e ed by Ne ia
ca ibou and possible in e ence o a popula ion es ima e a e discussed in Appendix
5.
Ne ia he d – sou h egion Paamiu
Ca ibou we e sca ce whe e alpine glacie s we e nume ous o nea he Ice Cap.
Al hough bo h locals and p e ious esea che s (Meldgaa d 1986, Reime s 1980,
S andgaa d e al. 1983) ha e indica ed ha high concen a ions o ca ibou would
be ound close o he inland Ice Cap, he e we e ew o no ca ibou he e du ing he
ime pe iod o his econnaissance. In all else, local knowledge was suppo ed by
econnaissance obse a ions. Some animals we e obse ed below 200 me es
ele a ion in he inne jo ds, ypically along sho elines. No ca ibou we e ound on
he ou e coas al a eas o islands bo de ing Da is S ai . Ins ead, concen a ions o
ca ibou we e ound midway be ween he Da is S ai seacoas and he G eenland
19
Ice Cap, a ele a ions be ween 400 and 700 me es, in close p oximi y o esh
wa e lakes o wa e ways and o en on sou h- acing slopes. Loca ions included he
a ea a ound he lake, A a ngup ase sua , and he highlands abo e he sou h sho e
o Se milik jo d and along he no h side o he Se miligaa suk glacie ongue. The
la e sugges s suppo o he local opinion ha animals egula ly mo e sou h
ac oss he Se miligaa suk glacie .
P e ious he d size es ima es ha e been low (Table 2) and cal pe cen ages o only
13 o 15% we e obse ed in 1994 – 1995 (Ydemann & Pede sen 1999), sugges ing a
he d in di icul y. Acco ding o local sou ces he ege a ion is gene ally hough o
be good, and could suppo a heal hy he d. Hun e s obse ed many cal es in
1997-98 (Kielsen pe s. comm.). The p esen au umn ec ui men obse ed in Ne ia,
72 cal es/100 cows, was high compa ed o o he s udies. Typical au umn
cal es/100 cows alues a e lowe , e.g., 27 o 36 in cen al Albe a, Canada
(Edmonds 1988), an a e age o 60 o he pe iod 1970s and 1980s in Fo elhogna,
No way (Skogland 1988), 61 in Rondane, No way (Ande sen & Hageland 1994),
and 59 in he Po cupine he d (Fancy e al. 1994). In he absence o p eda o s a high
ec ui men , as obse ed in he Ne ia he d, can p omo e a apid inc ease in animal
numbe s.
The he d may also be expanding i s ange. F om he local knowledge ga he ed,
he e is he sugges ion o ange expansion wes wa d o he inne jo d coas s and
also dispe sal sou h ac oss Se miligaa suk glacie ongue. Bo h indica e an
inc easing he d size, since ca ibou in G eenland ypically dispe se and expand
ange when he d size inc eases (Meldgaa d 1986). Ca ibou dispe sal is also an
indica ion ha ege a ion may no longe be op imal (Baskin 1990), which sugges s
ha he Ne ia ange may al eady ha e eached i s ca ying capaci y o ca ibou.
Adul na u al mo ali y o ca ibou in 5 No h Ame ican he ds wi hou na u al
p eda o s is 4-6% annually (Be ge ud 1967, 1971, Skoog 1968, Kelsall 1968), which
co esponds o a li e expec ancy o 17 o 25 yea s. Adul annual na u al mo ali y
has been c. 8% on Sou hamp on Island (NWT, Canada), which is also wi hou
p eda o s (Hea d & Ouelle 1994). Region Paamiu lacks all na u al p eda o s.
Ac ual na u al mo ali y alues o G eenland ca ibou appea a ound 8-10%, gi en
he gene al a e age li e expec ancy o 10 o 12 yea s ound in Loison e al. (2000)
and Cuyle & Øs e gaa d (2002). Using a na u al mo ali y o 8-10% and he
minimum coun o 332 ca ibou o he Ne ia he d, equa es o an expec ed
minimum na u al mo ali y o abou 27 o 33 ca ibou each yea in he Ne ia
po ion o egion Paamiu .
20
Table 2. Es ima ed he d sizes and ha es quo as o he Ne ia & Qassi ca ibou he ds, egion Paamiu .
Yea He d Size
Ne ia He d Size
Qassi Ha es Quo a
Paamiu Repo ed Ha es
Paamiu
1980 2001X4c. 1505
1982 4002 X
4c. 1505
1993 0 0
1994 181 (62-525) 3 0 0
1995 407 (225-738) 3 50 50
1996 No speci ied 104
1997 No speci ied 130
1998 No speci ied 180
1999 80 29
2000 160 86
1 Aas up 1983, 2 Reime s 1980, 3 Ydemann & Pede sen 1999, 4 ha es un egula ed, 5 Meldgaa d 1983
Qassi he d – no h egion Paamiu
Once again local knowledge ag eed well wi h econnaissance obse a ions. The
ca ibou we e concen a ed in he mos no he n po ion o he a ea. Almos all
ca ibou obse ed occu ed on 3 sou h- acing slopes in he small a ea immedia ely
no h o he lake Kangaa suup ase sua. Few animals o ca ibou acks we e
obse ed elsewhe e, al hough ansec co e age o he en i e a ea was 15%. F om
he local knowledge ga he ed, and obse a ions du ing he econnaissance
dispe sal ac oss he F ede ikshåb Isblink in o he sou he nmos po ions o egion
“Sou h” would appea possible.
The local knowledge sou ces indica e he ege a ion is good o e la ge a eas o he
ange. The au umn ec ui men obse ed by he p esen s udy was 77 cal es/100
cows, which is simila o he Ne ia alue and excellen ela i e o o he ca ibou
popula ions s udied in Scandina ia and No h Ame ica. In he absence o
p eda o s his ec ui men alue can p omo e apid inc ease in he popula ion.
Hun e s say ha big bulls a e aken he e, which sugges s excellen o age is
suppo ing good ca ibou body condi ion. Fu he , du ing he econnaissance
animals appea ed o ha e good body condi ion. The popula ion may be ela i ely
small bu gi en he abo e, he d size could inc ease.
Using a na u al mo ali y o 8-10% and he minimum coun o 196 ca ibou o he
Qassi he d, equa es o an expec ed minimum na u al mo ali y o abou 16 o 20
ca ibou each yea in he Qassi po ion o egion Paamiu .
21
Implica ions o ca ibou ha es
In 1996, 1997 and 1998 he e was no ha es quo a speci ic o egion Paamiu . The
epo ed ha es s o hese yea s we e 104, 130 and 180 ca ibou espec i ely.
Howe e , a low speci ic quo a was designa ed o Paamiu s a ing in 1999. The
quo a was 80 in 1999 and 160 in 2000. Hun e s epo ed aking only 36% and 54%
o he alloca ed ha es quo a o he Paamiu egion in 1999 and 2000
espec i ely. This co esponded o 29 and 86 animals aken. The low numbe s
aken we e due o he ela i ely low quo as gi en o Paamiu , which made i less
cos e ec i e, i.e., cos ime and a el e sus amoun mea in e u n, o hun e s
o hun in Ne ia (Kim Kielsen pe s. comm.). A Ne ia ypically only 1 ca ibou pe
hun e was allowed. In con as , se e al ca ibou we e allowed u he no h in
egion Sou h i one hun ed he Qeqe a sua siaa o Ame alik ca ibou popula ions.
No su p isingly, many hun e s wen o egion Sou h.
Since bo h Ne ia and Qassi he ds a e likely inc easing, which could endange
ange quali y, o encou age hun e s o ha es in egion Paamiu he 2001
ecommended ha es quo a o he Ne ia he d became 500, and o he Qassi
he d 100 ca ibou. The 2001 quo as emained unchanged in 2002. Fu he , in 2003
an addi ional win e hun o 250 was allowed, while he summe hun in 2003
became unlimi ed. To main ain a he d s uc u e ha is ad an ageous o
popula ion s abili y, u u e ha es s should be 50:50 bulls o cows.
Acknowledgemen s
This p ojec was inanced by DANCEA (Danish Coope a ion o En i onmen in
he A c ic – Minis y o En i onmen and Ene gy, S andgade 29, Copenhagen K,
Denma k). G a e ul hanks o K is ian Dahl, Mike Pe e sen a he Paamiu
E h e s O ice, o hei in aluable help in ad e ising, a anging, p o iding
enues and ob aining an in e p e e o bo h in e iews and mee ings. Aqqaluk
Pe e sen was in e p e e and ansla o a mee ings and in e iews. A wa m hank
you o he locals who sa as ca ibou obse e s in he helicop e , KNAPK hun e s,
La s Pe e sen, Nielsee aq Jakobsen, Ti us Lo en zen, Ti us Ande sen, & Nikolaj
Knudsen, and spo hun e s Kim Kielsen & Jokum Schmid . G eenland Ai
helicop e pilo s Ul Øs e lund & Ben Rejs p o ided hou s o sa e lying.
Paamiu helipo made hei co ee-b eak oom a ailable o p e- ligh discussions.
Ho el Paamiu p epa ed e eshmen s o he communi y mee ings. Since e hanks
go o E ik W. Bo n, Mads-Pe e Heide-Jø gensen, Michael Kingsley and F ank
Rige o e iewing he manusc ip .
22
Thanks a e also due he locals who ga e local knowledge in e iews, Manasse
Mølle , Da id Rosing, Thomas Ab ahamsen, Pe e Eigildsen, Jokum Schmid ,
Aqqaluk Pe e sen, Ande s Be helsen, Ole Pe e sen, Kim Kielsen, Bi ge Knudsen,
O la Wallbohm and K is ian Dahl. Locals pa icipa ing in communi y mee ings
included, Ka l Be helsen, Jokum Schmid , Ole aq K is o e sen, Enok B obe g,
Ka l Jose sen, La s Pe e sen, Tho Be helsen, John Heskiassen, Ti us And eassen,
Ka l Samuelsen, Kim Kielsen, Hen ik Pe e sen, Abia Tho s einsen, Ul ik
F ede iksen, Sem (Angu innquaq) F ede iksen, Angu ima ik Lo en zen, Esaias
Lo en zen, He mann Hegelund, Ben e K eilgaa d, Pe e M. Pe e sen, Ka l K.
Knudsen, Kon ad K is o e sen, Sigu d Klemmensen, Tobias Klemmensen, Jokum
Co zen, Ti us Lo en zen, Jø gen Jakobsen, Nukaa aq Jakobsen, Nielse an
Jakobsen, Adol F ede iksen, Nikolaj Knudsen, Ole M. Pe e sen, Mike Ge h
Pe e sen, Ole Pe e sen, K is ian Dahl, Aqqaluk Pe e sen.
23
Re e ences
Aas up, P. 1983. Rensdy bes anden no d o K ane jo d. Kapi al 9: 57-63 - In: Miljø-unde søgelse
andk a p ojek I e laa, Paamiu /F ede ikshåb, 1982. G ønlands Fiske iunde søgelse , Tagens ej
135, 220 Københa n N. 89 pp.
Ande sen, R. & Hageland J. 1994. S uk u elling i Rondane høs en 1994 – esul a e og e a inge .
Vill ein. 1994: 68-70. (in No wegian)
Baskin, L.M. 1990. Popula ion dynamics o eindee . Rangi e , Special Issue No. 3: 151-156.
Be ge ud, A.T. 1967. Managemen o Lab ado ca ibou. J. Wildl. Manage. 31: 621-642.
Be ge ud, A.T. 1971. The popula ion dynamics o New oundland ca ibou. Wildl. Monog . 25: 55 pp.
Cuyle , C. & Øs e gaa d, J. 2002. Fe ili y in wo wes G eenland ca ibou popula ions on di e en
anges, 1996/97. Pinngo i ale i ik - G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces. P og ess No e 1. 11
pp.
Cuyle , C., Rosing, M., Linnell, J.D.C., Loison, A., Inge sle , T., & Landa, A. 2002. S a us o he
Kange lussuaq-Sisimiu ca ibou popula ion (Rangi e a andus g oenlandicus) in 2000, Wes
G eenland. G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces. Technical epo No. 42. 52 pp.
Edmonds, E.J. 1988. Popula ion s a us, dis ibu ion, and mo emen s o woodland ca ibou in wes
cen al Albe a. Can. J. Zool. 66: 817-826.
Fancy, S.G., Whi en, K. R., & Russell, D. E. 1994. Demog aphy o he Po cupine ca ibou he d, 1983-
1992. Can. J. Zool. 72: 840-846.
G ønlands S a is isk Å bog 2000. G ønland 2000 Kalaalli Nunaa : s a is isk å bog Ukiumoo umik
kisi sisi igu paasissu issa . G ønlands Hjemmes y e. G ønlands S a is ik 2000. 624 pp. (in Danish)
G ønnow, B. & Meldgaa d, M. 1982. A kæologiske ecognosce inge i Paamiu , Nuuk og Sisimiu
kommune , 1982. – Field epo on ile a Kalaalli Nunaa a Ka e sugaasi ia (G ønlands
Landsmuseum), Nuuk, G ønland. (in Danish)
Hea d, D.C. & Ouelle , J.P. 1994. Dynamics o an in oduced ca ibou popula ion. A c ic. 47(1): 88-
95.
Jepsen, B.I. 1999. Popula ionsgene iske s udie a ild en (R. .g oenlandicus) and am en (R. .
a andus) i Ves g ønland. MSc Thesis, Bo any Ins i u e, Uni e si y o Copenhagen, Denma k. 64+
pp. (in Danish)
Kelsall, J.P. 1968. The mig a o y ba en-g ound ca ibou o Canada. - Can. Wildl. Se ., Queen's
P in e , O awa, Canada, 340 pp.
24
Loison. A., Cuyle , C., Linnell, J.D.C. & Landa, A. 2000. The ca ibou ha es in wes G eenland,
1995-98: sex, age and condi ion o animals based on hun e epo s. Pinngo i ale i ik – G eenland
Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces Technical Repo No. 36. 33 pp.
Meldgaa d, M. 1986. The G eenland ca ibou – zoogeog aphy, axonomy, and popula ion
dynamics. Meddelelse om G ønland. Bioscience no. 20. 88 pp.
Reime s, E. 1980. Rensdy bes anden på Disko, Nûgssuaq, F ede ikshåb- og Angmassalik-
om åde ne. Repo on ile a Vild biologisk S a ion, Kalø, Denma k: 33pp. (in Danish)
Skogland, T. 1988. Bes ands analyse a ill eins ammen i Fo elhogna. Vill ein : 14-22. (in
No wegian)
Skoog, R.O. 1968. Ecology o he ca ibou (Rangi e a andus g an i) in Alaska. - Ph.D. Thesis,
Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Be keley, 699 pp.
S andgaa d, H., Ho he, V., Lassen, P. & Thing, H. 1983. Rensdy sunde søgelse i Ves g ønland
1977-82.- Job comple ion epo . Vild biologisk S a ion, Kalø: 1-29. (in Danish)
Thomas, D. 1998. Needed: Less coun ing o ca ibou and mo e ecology. Rangi e , Special Issue No.
10: 15-23.
Ydemann, D. & Pede sen, C.B. 1999. Rensdy i Ves g ønland 1993-1996. Unpublished epo o
G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces, Nuuk, G eenland. (in Danish)
25
Table 4. Ca ibou densi ies pe ansec so ed om maximum o minimum: Ae ial econnaissance Ne ia, egion Paamiu ,
Sep -Oc 2000.
T ansec
numbe
T ansec
leng h (km)
T ansec a ea
(km2)
Numbe
ca ibou seen
Densi y
Ca ibou
Rank
17 8.00 4.80 65 13.54 1
15 7.00 4.20 26 6.19 2
22 6.34 3.80 23 6.05 3
26 10.75 6.45 37 5.74 4
19 11.30 6.78 31 4.57 5
14 13.30 7.98 27 3.38 6
4 17.10 10.26 27 2.63 7
9 5.73 3.44 9 2.62 8
21 12.05 7.23 14 1.94 9
23 7.70 4.62 8 1.73 10
18 12.90 7.74 12 1.55 11
3 10.81 6.49 8 1.23 12
28 11.10 6.66 8 1.20 13
1 11.36 6.82 8 1.17 14
12 6.80 4.08 4 0.98 15
16 8.30 4.98 4 0.80 16
13 10.60 6.36 5 0.79 17
20 10.97 6.58 5 0.76 18
10 11.28 6.77 3 0.44 19
27 16.59 9.95 4 0.40 20
8 7.61 4.57 1 0.22 21
5 20.88 12.53 2 0.16 22
24 16.15 9.69 1 0.10 23
6 12.60 7.56 0 0.00 24
7 7.93 4.76 0 0.00 24
11 9.96 5.98 0 0.00 24
25 13.12 7.87 0 0.00 24
To al To al To al To al
Mean ±SD
27 298.23 178.94 332
2.16 ± 2.96 -
32
Table 5. Ca ibou densi ies pe ansec so ed om maximum o minimum: Ae ial econnaissance Qassi , egion
Paamiu , Oc 2000.
T ansec
numbe
T ansec
leng h (km)
T ansec a ea
(km2)
Numbe
ca ibou seen
Densi y
Ca ibou
Rank
43 8.80 5.28 63 11.93 1
34 13.90 8.34 43 5.16 2
55 6.47 3.88 7 1.80 3
40 10.68 6.41 10 1.56 4
39 7.79 4.67 7 1.50 5
56 10.04 6.02 8 1.33 6
44 19.61 11.77 14 1.19 7
41 17.15 10.29 12 1.17 8
58 9.79 5.87 6 1.02 9
49 7.16 4.30 4 0.93 19
36 11.35 6.81 6 0.88 11
46 8.67 5.20 4 0.77 12
29 7.57 4.54 3 0.66 13
35 13.54 8.12 4 0.49 14
48 10.49 6.29 2 0.32 15
42 13.41 8.05 2 0.25 16
52 11.32 6.79 1 0.15 17
30 5.17 3.10 0 0.00 18
31 6.73 4.04 0 0.00 18
32 6.21 3.72 0 0.00 18
33 12.21 7.33 0 0.00 18
37 4.00 2.40 0 0.00 18
38 10.64 6.38 0 0.00 18
45 9.48 5.69 0 0.00 18
47 11.10 6.66 0 0.00 18
50 6.52 3.91 0 0.00 18
51 5.84 3.50 0 0.00 18
53 4.58 2.75 0 0.00 18
54 10.13 6.08 0 0.00 18
57 6.86 4.12 0 0.00 18
59 9.78 5.87 0 0.00 18
60 12.95 7.77 0 0.00 18
61 16.33 9.80 0 0.00 18
62 9.70 5.82 0 0.00 18
To al To al To al To al
Mean ±SD
34 335.97 201.57 196
0.91 ± 2.15 -
33
Table 6. Raw da a ae ial econnaissance Ne ia ca ibou he d, sou he n egion Paamiu , Sep -Oc 2000.
Numbe Ca ibou obse ed on ansec Rea sea obse e s Da e
ddmmyy
Spaghe i
ansec 1Le on 2
(CC) Le ea 2Righ
ea (1) 2 Righ
ea (2) 2 Le 2Righ
(1) 2 Righ
(2) 2
28.09.00 1 0 5 3 0 TL KK MR
01.10.00 3 8 7 0 0 TL KK MR
01.10.00 4 22 20 4 5 TL KK MR
01.10.00 5 2 2 0 0 TL KK MR
01.10.00 6 0 0 0 0 TL KK MR
01.10.00 7 0 0 0 0 TL KK MR
01.10.00 8 1 1 0 0 TL KK MR
01.10.00 9 2 2 7 5 TL KK MR
01.10.00 10 1 0 2 2 TL KK MR
01.10.00 11 0 0 0 0 TL KK MR
01.10.00 12 4 2 0 0 TL KK MR
01.10.00 13 4 3 0 1 TL KK MR
01.10.00 14 10 12 12 15 TL KK MR
01.10.00 15 19 7 6 7 JS LP MR
01.10.00 16 0 4 0 0 JS LP MR
01.10.00 17 33 37 24 28 JS LP MR
01.10.00 18 10 5 0 2 JS LP MR
01.10.00 19 19 18 11 12 JS LP MR
01.10.00 20 1 4 1 1 JS LP MR
01.10.00 21 14 10 0 0 JS LP MR
01.10.00 22 10 16 7 6 JS LP MR
01.10.00 23 6 8 0 0 JS LP MR
01.10.00 24 0 0 0 1 JS LP MR
01.10.00 25 0 0 0 0 JS LP MR
01.10.00 26 8 8 21 29 JS LP MR
01.10.00 27 1 0 3 3 JS LP MR
01.10.00 28 0 0 2 8 JS LP MR
Le side Righ side
To als 201 131
To al ca ibou 332
Ne ia econnaissance obse e s: (CC) Ch is ine Cuyle , (TL) Ti us Lo en zen, (KK) Kim Kielsen, (MR) Michael Rosing, (JS)
Jokum Schmid , and (LP) La s Pe e sen.
1 Spaghe i ansec s a e p esen ed in he o de lown.
2 Indica es sea posi ion in helicop e .
34
Table 7. Raw da a ae ial econnaissance Qassi he d, no he n egion Paamiu , Oc obe 2000.
Numbe Ca ibou obse ed on ansec Rea sea obse e s Da e
ddmmyy
Spaghe i
ansec 1Le on 2
(CC) Le ea 2Righ
ea (1) 2 Righ
ea (2) 2 Le 2Righ
(1) 2 Righ
(2) 2
02.10.00 29 0 0 3 0 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 30 0 0 0 0 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 31 0 0 0 0 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 32 0 0 0 0 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 33 0 0 0 0 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 34 16 14 27 27 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 35 0 0 0 4 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 36 0 1 5 5 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 37 0 0 0 0 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 38 0 0 0 0 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 39 1 6 1 1 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 40 3 6 3 4 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 41 5 5 7 7 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 42 2 2 0 0 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 43 32 28 23 31 NJ NK MR
02.10.00 44 1 1 13 13 NJ NK MR
04.10.00 45 0 0 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 46 4 4 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 47 0 0 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 48 0 0 2 - NK TA -
04.10.00 49 4 4 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 50 0 0 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 51 0 0 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 52 1 0 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 53 0 0 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 54 0 0 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 55 7 6 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 56 2 2 6 - NK TA -
04.10.00 57 0 0 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 58 6 6 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 59 0 0 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 60 0 0 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 61 0 0 0 - NK TA -
04.10.00 62 0 0 0 - NK TA -
Le side Righ side
To als 93 103
To al ca ibou 196
Qassi econnaissance obse e s: (CC) Ch is ine Cuyle , (NJ) Nielsee aq Jakobsen, (NK) Nikolej Knudsen, (MR) Michael
Rosing, and (TA) Ti us And eassen.
1 Spaghe i ansec s a e p esen ed in he o de lown.
2 Indica es sea posi ion in helicop e .
35
Table 8. Raw da a ae ial econnaissance K ane jo d peninsula, mid- egion Paamiu , Sep -Oc 2000.
Numbe Ca ibou obse ed on ansec Rea sea obse e s Da e
ddmmyy
Spaghe i
ansec 1Le on 2
(CC) Le ea 2Righ
ea (1) 2 Righ
ea (2) 2 Le 2Righ
(1) 2 Righ
(2) 2
28.09.00 2 0 0 0 0 TL KK MR
01.10.00 63* 0 0 0 0 TL KK MR
01.10.00 63** 0 0 0 0 JS LP MR
Le side Righ side
To als 0 0
To al ca ibou 0
K ane jo d peninsula econnaissance obse e s: (CC) Ch is ine Cuyle , (TL) Ti us La en zen, (KK) Kim Kielsen, (MR)
Michael Rosing, (JS) Jokum Schmid , and (LP) La s Pe e sen.
1 Spaghe i ansec s a e p esen ed in he o de lown.
2 Indica es sea posi ion in helicop e .
* No ca ibou seen, bu acks o 3 ca ibou obse ed in bo om o Kange lua suk Fjo d a c. 400 m abo e sea le el.
** Spaghe i ansec 63 was lown wice, once in he mo ning and again in he a e noon.
Table 9. Raw da a ae ial econnaissance he d s uc u e Ne ia he d, sou he n egion Paamiu , Sep - Oc 2000.
Da e
ddmmyy Spaghe i
ansec G oup
Size
Males
(Age > 1 yea )
Females
(Age > 1 yea )
Cal es
(Age < 1 yea )
01.10.00 9 4 2 1 1
01.10.00 9 2 1 1
01.10.00 12 2 1 1
01.10.00 12 2 2
01.10.00 13 3 1 1 1
01.10.00 13 1 1
01.10.00 14 5 2 2 1
01.10.00 14 2 2
01.10.00 14 3 1 1 1
01.10.00 14 2 1 1
01.10.00 14 3 3
01.10.00 14 8 2 4 2
01.10.00 15 1 1
01.10.00 15 4 2 1 1
01.10.00 15 2 1 1
01.10.00 15 1 1
01.10.00 15 3 1 1 1
01.10.00 15 1 1
01.10.00 15 4 3 1
01.10.00 15 3 1 1 1
01.10.00 17 2 1 1
01.10.00 17 5 3 2
01.10.00 17 1 1
01.10.00 17 14 2 7 5
01.10.00 17 13 1 7 5
01.10.00 17 1 1
01.10.00 17 13 4 7 2
01.10.00 17 3 1 1 1
01.10.00 17 1 1
01.10.00 26 10 2 4 4
01.10.00 26 6 2 2 2
01.10.00 26 6 2 2 2
TOTALS 131 38 54 39
36
Table 10. Raw da a ae ial econnaissance he d s uc u e Qassi he d, no he n egion Paamiu , Oc obe 2000.
Da e
ddmmyy Spaghe i
ansec G oup
Size
Males
(Age > 1 yea )
Females
(Age > 1 yea )
Cal es
(Age < 1 yea )
02.10.00 34 3 1 1 1
02.10.00 34 6 2 3 1
02.10.00 34 1 1
02.10.00 34 24 5 11 8
02.10.00 40 3 1 1 1
02.10.00 41 3 2 1
02.10.00 41 2 1 1
02.10.00 41 5 2 2 1
02.10.00 42 1 1
02.10.00 42 1 1
02.10.00 43 1 1
02.10.00 43 17 4 8 5
02.10.00 43 1 1
02.10.00 43 1 1
02.10.00 43 1 1
02.10.00 43 9 5 4
02.10.00 43 8 1 4 3
02.10.00 43 9 3 3 3
02.10.00 43 1 1
02.10.00 43 2 1 1
02.10.00 43 5 3 2
02.10.00 43 1 1
02.10.00 43 7 1 3 3
02.10.00 44 1 1
02.10.00 44 1 1
04.10.00 46 4 2 2
04.10.00 48 2 1 1
04.10.00 49 4 2 1 1
04.10.00 51 1 1
04.10.00 55 7 1 3 3
04.10.00 56 6 2 2 2
04.10.00 56 2 1 1
04.10.00 58 6 2 2 2
TOTALS 146 38 61 47
37
Table 11. Spaghe i ansec s o ae ial econnaissance Ne ia he d, sou he n egion Paamiu , Sep – Oc 2000.
Spaghe i ansec s a Spaghe i ansec end Da e
ddmmyy
Spaghe i
ansec La i ude Longi ude La i ude Longi ude
28.09.00 1 61° 53.14' 48° 55.80' 61° 56.0' 48° 49.0'
01.10.00 3 61° 54.41' 48° 45.51' 61° 54.76' 48° 36.82'
01.10.00 4 61° 54.76' 48° 36.82' 61° 54.545' 48° 27.994'
01.10.00 5 61° 54.545' 48° 27.994' 61° 58.387' 48° 25.092'
01.10.00 6 61° 58.387' 48° 25.092' 61° 56.537' 48° 12.006'
01.10.00 7 61° 56.537' 48° 12.006' 61° 53.794' 48° 09.993'
01.10.00 8 61° 53.794' 48° 09.993' 61° 49.870' 48° 15.302'
01.10.00 9 61° 49.870' 48° 15.302' 61° 51.019' 48° 20.507'
01.10.00 10 61° 51.019' 48° 20.507' 61° 50.655' 48° 28.189'
01.10.00 11 61° 50.655' 48° 28.189' 61° 49.847' 48° 19.678'
01.10.00 12 61° 49.847' 48° 19.678' 61° 47.858' 48° 11.538'
01.10.00 13 61° 47.858' 48° 11.538' 61° 42.539' 48° 06.589'
01.10.00 14 61° 42.539' 48° 06.589' 61° 41.843' 48° 06.671'
01.10.00 15 61° 52.341' 48° 57.480' 61° 52.562' 48° 50.558'
01.10.00 16 61° 53.344' 48° 50.388' 61° 51.673' 48° 46.389'
01.10.00 17 61° 51.673' 48° 46.389' 61° 48.448' 48° 50.663'
01.10.00 18 61° 48.448' 48° 50.663' 61° 43.228' 48° 51.833'
01.10.00 19 61° 43.228' 48° 51.833' 61° 44.129' 48° 41.366'
01.10.00 20 61° 44.129' 48° 41.366' 61° 49.088' 48° 38.233'
01.10.00 21 61° 49.088' 48° 38.233' 61° 49.523' 48° 37.519'
01.10.00 22 61° 49.523' 48° 37.519' 61° 49.555' 48° 33.720'
01.10.00 23 61° 49.555' 48° 33.720' 61° 45.867' 48° 30.991'
01.10.00 24 61° 45.867' 48° 30.991' 61° 46.339' 48° 19.211'
01.10.00 25 61° 46.339' 48° 19.211' 61° 43.138' 48° 11.263'
01.10.00 26 61° 43.138' 48° 11.263' 61° 39.474' 48° 19.965'
01.10.00 27 61° 39.474' 48° 19.965' 61° 41.646' 48° 40.322'
01.10.00 28 61° 41.646' 48° 40.322' 61° 42.0' 48° 40.5'
To al numbe o spaghe i ansec s lown = 27
38
Table 12. Spaghe i ansec s o ae ial econnaissance Qassi he d, no he n egion Paamiu , Oc obe 2000.
Spaghe i ansec s a Spaghe i ansec end Da e Spaghe i
ansec
ddmmyy La i ude Longi ude La i ude Longi ude
02.10.00 29 62° 19.115 49° 31.610' 62° 20.435' 49° 37.558'
02.10.00 30 62° 20.435' 49° 37.558' 62° 21.826' 49° 43.704'
02.10.00 31 62° 21.826' 49° 43.704' 62° 22.655' 49° 49.674'
02.10.00 32 62° 22.655' 49° 49.674' 62° 25.952' 49° 49.593'
02.10.00 33 62° 25.952' 49° 49.593' 62° 28.616' 49° 45.205'
02.10.00 34 62° 28.616' 49° 45.205' 62° 32.867' 49° 43.304'
02.10.00 35 62° 32.867' 49° 43.304' 62° 33.109' 49° 36.948'
02.10.00 36 62° 33.109' 49° 36.948' 62° 31.278' 49° 46.118'
02.10.00 37 62° 38.045' 49° 41.971' 62° 39.012' 49° 38.856'
02.10.00 38 62° 40.317' 49° 36.300' 62° 38.072' 49° 33.203'
02.10.00 39 62° 33.477' 49° 33.468' 62° 31.357' 49° 35.034'
02.10.00 40 62° 31.357' 49° 35.034' 62° 32.005' 49° 23.739'
02.10.00 41 62° 32.005' 49° 23.739' 62° 33.392' 49° 21.143'
02.10.00 42 62° 33.392' 49° 21.143' 62° 29.733' 49° 19.404'
02.10.00 43 62° 29.733' 49° 19.404' 62° 30.298' 49° 22.636'
02.10.00 44 62° 29.351' 49° 19.087' 62° 20.729' 49° 27.926'
04.10.00 45 62° 13.825' 49° 16.663' 62° 14.253' 49° 08.728'
04.10.00 46 62° 14.253' 49° 08.728' 62° 12.251' 49° 04.600'
04.10.00 47 62° 12.251' 49° 04.600' 62° 16.031' 48° 56.039'
04.10.00 48 62° 16.031' 48° 56.039' 62° 15.367' 49° 04.949'
04.10.00 49 62° 15.367' 49° 04.949' 62° 18.613' 49° 06.488'
04.10.00 50 62° 18.613' 49° 06.488' 62° 16.318' 49° 12.065'
04.10.00 51 62° 16.318' 49° 12.065' 62° 15.576' 49° 17.027'
04.10.00 52 62° 15.576' 49° 17.027' 62° 20.256' 49° 16.289'
04.10.00 53 62° 20.256' 49° 16.289' 62° 22.871' 49° 18.483'
04.10.00 54 62° 22.871' 49° 18.483' 62° 19.801' 49° 21.747'
04.10.00 55 62° 19.801' 49° 21.747' 62° 20.424' 49° 26.985'
04.10.00 56 62° 20.424' 49° 26.985' 62° 22.507' 49° 34.482'
04.10.00 57 62° 22.507' 49° 34.482' 62° 24.252' 49° 29.231'
04.10.00 58 62° 24.252' 49° 29.231' 62° 25.85' 49° 37.5'
04.10.00 59 62° 25.85' 49° 37.5' 62° 23.040' 49° 40.006'
04.10.00 60 62° 23.040' 49° 40.006' 62° 20.801' 49° 31.209'
04.10.00 61 62° 20.801' 49° 31.209' 62° 14.671' 49° 32.516'
04.10.00 62 62° 11.875' 49° 34.878' 62° 09.179' 49° 26.762'
To al numbe o spaghe i ansec s lown = 34
Table 13. Spaghe i ansec s o ae ial econnaissance K ane jo d peninsula, mid egion Paamiu , Sep –Oc 2000.
Spaghe i ansec s a Spaghe i ansec end Da e
ddmmyy
Spaghe i
ansec La i ude Longi ude La i ude Longi ude
28.09.00 61° 57.99' 48° 57.12' 62° 02.978' 48° 58.605'
01.10.00 61° 41.20' 49° 25.00' 61° 52.800' 49° 05.500'
To al numbe o spaghe i ansec s lown = 2
39
Appendix 3
Lis o e ms
Annual – occu ing, o done e e y yea .
Body Condi ion – pe aining o amoun o a p esen , i.e., plen y o a equals
excellen body condi ion.
Con idence In e al – s a is ical e m o when he SE is combined wi h a p obabili y
(P) le el o yield con idence limi s (CL) and hei in e al, he con idence in e al
(CI). Fo example: a a P = 0.90 (alpha = 0.1) hen assuming no bias a 90% CI is
likely o con ain he ue popula ion size in 90% o su eys o he same ype and
in ensi y. NOTE: i is inco ec o s a e ha he e is a 90% chance ha he ac ual
numbe o ca ibou in a su ey a ea is wi hin he CI.
C i e ia – s anda ds se on which judgemen can be made, i.e. he sex o age o a
ca ibou.
Densi y – he numbe o ca ibou pe squa e kilome e o land a ea.
E a ics – la ge s ones and boulde s le behind e a ically on he landscape by
o me glacia ions.
Es ima e – a calcula ion as o he likely o app oxima e size o he ca ibou
popula ion.
Fecundi y – ela ed o e ili y and is he po en ial le el o ep oduc i e
pe o mance o a popula ion, which is usually much g ea e han he ealised
ep oduc ion ( e ili y). Howe e , ecundi y and e ili y a e o en used
inconsis en ly and e en in e changeably in he li e a u e.
Fe ili y – o a popula ion is he numbe o li e bi hs o e a ime pe iod, usually a
yea , e.g., he numbe o li e bi hs pe emale, o he numbe o emale young
bo n pe emale. To calcula e e ili y we need o know he a e age li e size,
a e age numbe o li e s p oduced pe ime in e al (yea ) and he sex a io a
bi h (Caughley 1977).
Fe ili y Index – see also unde ec ui men . Is he a io o cal es o emales, o
cal es o adul s.
F on -sea obse e – only obse e p esen du ing all su ey ligh s, and sa in he
on le sea o helicop e . In addi ion o coun ing ca ibou, his obse e kep da a
eco d o ca ibou coun /obse e o each segmen , eco ded segmen
cha ac e is ics, de e mined he d s uc u e, eco ded miscellaneous da a, and
na iga ed o he pilo .
He d – see also unde popula ion. G eenlandic ca ibou seldom o ne e agg ega e
in o la ge cohe en g oups. G oup size ypically s ays unde 4 animals, wi h
g oups sca e ed h oughou a la ge a ea.
He d S uc u e – his is he sex and age dis ibu ion o he animals wi hin a gi en
popula ion/he d.
40
Logis ics – he ob aining, dis ibu ion, main enance and eplacemen o ield
equipmen and pe sonnel.
Managemen – e.g., wildli e managemen , which is he ac o manipula ing,
di ec ing, con olling, egula ing and/o adminis a ing he u iliza ion o a
wildli e esou ce and any numbe o he ac o s a ec ing ha wildli e esou ce.
Na u al Mo ali y – all mo ali y due o ac o s o he han hun ing (disease,
acciden , s a a ion, p eda ion, pa asi es, e c.).
Ne ec ui men – o a e o inc ease o he he d is de e mined by sub ac ing he
adul mo ali y a e om he g oss ec ui men .
Nuna ak – an isola ed moun ain op s icking ou o he inland Ice Cap.
Popula ion – see also unde he d. All he animals o he same species li ing in a
speci ic egion, which do no mix wi h animals om o he egions, i.e., hey a e
ep oduc i ely isola ed. A popula ion is a demog aphic uni dis inc by i ue o
i s unique densi y, dis ibu ion, bi h & dea h a e, sex & age s uc u e,
immig a ion and emig a ion a es, and o he demog aphic pa ame e s.
Popula ion s a us – s a es a wildli e species’ occu ence and abundance, i.e., whe e
and how many.
Popula ion analysis – a emp s o de e mine he d s uc u e (sex & age) and he
o ces con olling he composi ion o he popula ion/he d.
Popula ion dynamics – in any analysis o he d s uc u e and s a us he pa ame e s
a e seldom i e e s a ic, he e o e he e m popula ion dynamics.
Range – he ex en o he land a ea on which he ca ibou wande and g aze. The
land a ea used du ing o aging/cal ing/ u ing by he ca ibou, e.g., summe and
win e anges. The wo d is o en synonymous wi h pas u e o habi a ; howe e ,
he e m ange b ings ege a ion o mind a he han o example opog aphy.
Reconnaissance – an inspec ion o explo a ion o an a ea o ob ain in o ma ion.
Rec ui men – see also unde e ili y index. Typically i is he la e win e (Ma ch)
alue o cal es/100 cows, which indica es he inc emen in ca ibou numbe o a
speci ic popula ion/he d om one yea o he nex . When speci ied, ec ui men
can also e e o numbe o cal es/100 cows a o he imes o yea .
Sigh abili y – deg ee o di icul y o ac ually seeing a ca ibou p esen wi hin he
s ip lown, due o ac o s such as ligh speed, ligh al i ude, pa chy snow co e ,
e c.
Te ain – e e s o he land o g ound, usually in conjunc ion wi h a desc ip ion o
opog aphy, e.g., ough e ain, moun ainous e ain, e c.
41
