No embe 2025
Residen s o No humbe land Pa k, Edua do A aujoa , Ma ina Boyceb ,
Reda Chaabanb , Da ius Co igallc , Susuana Gyampoh Sengho b , Lela Kogba ad ,
Jolyon Miles-Wilsonc , Da en Niambab , Celes in Oko ojic, , Oli ia Opa ab , Jesse Udaigweb ,
Tamanda Walke e , Unique Wes -Aleseb
*Named Au ho s a e p esen ed in alphabe ical o de
Unde s anding
Po e y in Place:
Summa y Repo
Whe e Da a
Mee s
Communi y in
No humbe land
Pa k
a No h London Pa ne ship Conso ium L d, London, UK
b No humbe land Pa k, London, UK
c Jus Knowledge, UK
d Place Ma e s, UK
e Roo s and Rigou , UK
Depa men o Psychological and Beha iou al Science, London School o Economics, London, UK
This epo is licensed unde a C ea i e Commons A ibu ion 4.0 In e na ional License (CC
BY 4.0). You a e ee o sha e, copy, edis ibu e, adap , emix, ans o m, and build upon his
ma e ial o any pu pose, including comme cially, p o ided you gi e app op ia e c edi o
he au ho s, p o ide a link o he license, and indica e i changes we e made.
To ci e his epo : Residen s o No humbe land Pa k, A aujo, E., Boyce, M., Chaaban, R.,
Co igall, D., Gyampoh Sengho , S., Kogba a, L., Miles-Wilson, J., Niamba, D., Oko oji, C.,
Opa a, O., Udaigwe, J., Walke , T., Wes -Alese, U. (2025). Unde s anding Po e y in Place:
Whe e Da a Mee s Communi y in No humbe land Pa k. London: Place Ma e s. A ailable
a : h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17633208
Copy igh o pa icipan quo es and pe sonal es imonies emains wi h he indi iduals.
Thei inclusion in his epo does no ans e copy igh .
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion 4.0 In e na ional License, isi :
h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/
In pa ne ship wi h:
Funded by:
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025 No embe 2025
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025
Abou This Summa y Repo ..........................................................
Execu i e Summa y .............................................................................
Wha We Did ....................................................................................
Wha We Found .............................................................................
Wha Mus Happen Now ..........................................................
Lis ening Di e en ly: The Da a Democ acy App oach
Pa icipan s .......................................................................................
Quali a i e App oach ..................................................................
Quan i a i e App oach ...............................................................
Wha We Found .....................................................................................
The W ong Side o he T acks - Spa ial Inequali y
and In isibili y in Ha ingey .......................................................
Mo e han Skin Deep - Race, Class and Solida i y ...
To enham Ho spu S adium and Ex ac i e
Regene a ion ....................................................................................
Ins i u ional Ba ie s o Sys emic Change .....................
Ou Conclusions ....................................................................................
Whe e Nex ? ....................................................................................
Final Though s ........................................................................................
Re e ences ................................................................................................
Appendix 1 .................................................................................................
Appendix 2 ................................................................................................
Con en s
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
9
10
11
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
Abou This Summa y Repo
This summa y p esen s he key indings and ecommenda ions om ou esea ch on po e y
a ec ing child en in No humbe land Pa k, To enham. I has been p oduced o make ou wo k
mo e accessible o communi y membe s, local decision-make s, and s akeholde s who need
an o e iew o he esea ch.
The ull epo p o ides addi ional de ail including ex ended quali a i e analysis o ou
discussions, u he quan i a i e da a, me hodological no es and appendices including
Ha ingey Council’s esponse o his epo . Reade s seeking mo e comp ehensi e in o ma ion
abou ou indings, me hodology, o he e idence base o ou ecommenda ions should e e
o he ull epo
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17633208.
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025
- 4 -
Execu i e Summa y
In he UK, 4.5 million child en li e in po e y, and despi e decades o da a and in e en ions, he p oblem pe sis s.
This p ojec asks why? Using he Da a Democ acy app oach - cen ing he oices o hose wi h li ed expe ience
in he in e p e a ion o da a - we wo ked wi h esiden s o No humbe land Pa k, one o England’s mos dep i ed
a eas, o unde s and po e y a ec ing child en in dep h.
Wha We Did
We wo ked wi h esiden s o No humbe land Pa k, To enham, whe e 27% o child en li e in po e y. Be ween
May and Oc obe 2025, we conduc ed i e wo kshops wi h younge esiden s (aged 16-30), who examined
s a is ical pa e ns, connec ed hem o li ed expe ience, and guided ou analysis o publicly a ailable da a.
Wha we ound
No humbe land Pa k si s wi hin a bo ough s a kly di ided by weal h. In eas Ha ingey, up o 1 in 3 child en
li e in po e y; in he wes , as low as 1 in 33, a en old di e ence. Residen s desc ibed c ossing his di ide as
en e ing “a simula ion,” wo incompa ible wo lds sepa a ed by di e ing le els o weal h, in as uc u e, and
oppo uni y. When da a is agg ega ed a bo ough le el, he dep i a ion in No humbe land Pa k becomes
in isible, disappea ing behind a e ages ha mask he c isis.
New Indices o Dep i a ion da a, eleased du ing his p ojec , quan i ies wha esiden s al eady knew:
condi ions ha e wo sened since 2019. No humbe land Pa k has d opped om 485 h o 41s mos dep i ed
in e ms o Income Dep i a ion A ec ing Child en. Almos all o he measu es o dep i a ion in No humbe land
Pa k ha e also wo sened. This is he case despi e he mul i-million-pound ede elopmen o To enham Ho spu
S adium igh nex doo .
The s adium’s de elopmen exempli ies a o m o ex ac i e egene a ion. Ha ingey Council allowed he club
o enege on a ange o planning obliga ions, including social housing p o ision and local employmen and
educa ion suppo - and elaxed e en egula ions such ha he s adium now hos s double he numbe o
non- oo ball e en s han was o iginally ag eed. Acco ding o esiden s, mos o he economic bene i emains
cap u ed wi hin he s adium, while ood banks ope a e du ing conce s and o he e en s jus me es away.
Race and class in e sec in complex ways. Wi hin he es a e i sel esiden s iden i y p ima ily by class. Sha ed
ma e ial condi ions, social housing, neglec ed in as uc u e and limi ed oppo uni ies c ea e solida i y ac oss
e hnic lines. One pa icipan desc ibed a “ ib a ion” wi hin he a ea ha uni es mo e han e hnici y di ides. Ye
he geog aphy i sel emains undamen ally shaped by s uc u al acism: who li es in No humbe land Pa k, and
why, e lec s he his o y o disc imina o y housing and labou ma ke policies.
Ins i u ional ailu e con inues o pe pe ua e hese condi ions. Residen s eel Ha ingey Council possesses he
da a bu ails o ake meaning ul ac ion. Fu he mo e, philan h opic unding ope a es on sho cycles os e ing
dependency a he han sus ainable change.
1 A he incep ion o his p ojec , we used he e m ‘Child Po e y’. F om ou discussions wi h esiden s o No humbe land Pa k, i became clea ha
his e m is somewha o a misnome since child en hemsel es canno be poo in he usual sense because hey canno ea n money. Residen s
exp essed a p e e ence o he e m ‘Po e y A ec ing Child en’ because his aming highligh s he ac ha child en’s po e y s a us is de e mined
by hei household ci cums ances - e.g. hei pa en s’ o gua dians’ economic si ua ion - and hus a oids he in e ence, implici in he e m ‘Child
Po e y’, ha child en hemsel es ha e some agency o e hei po e y s a us.
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025
- 5 -
Lis ening Di e en ly:
The Da a Democ acy App oach
Residen s ha e de eloped impo an ideas abou how hings can change o he be e . Thei p o oca ions,
de eloped h ough igo ous engagemen wi h da a and li ed expe ience, include:
• Shi ing om child- ocused o amily- ocused in e en ion - ecognising ha child en’s wel a e is bound o
hei pa en s’ wel a e.
• A No humbe land Pa k endowmen und, capi alised by hose who p o i om he a ea and o he s in es ed
in i s u u e
• Using his und o in es in people and communi y capaci y o he long haul, no sho - e m p ojec s
• T anspa ency and di ec engagemen om ins i u ions ha make decisions a ec ing hei li es
Po e y a ec ing child en pe sis s no om lack o da a o knowledge, bu om a lack o poli ical will. Those
wi h powe o change he sys em don’ expe ience i s ailu es di ec ly enough o compel u gen ac ion. A ec ed
communi ies ha e always known wha needs o change. This esea ch demons a es ha esiden s a e expe
in e p e e s capable o sophis ica ed analysis - hei ecommenda ions dese e se ious esponse. The ques ion
isn’ wha should be done. The ques ion is whe he hose wi h powe will inally choose o ac .
Wha Mus Happen Now
Ou mixed me hods app oach is oo ed in he acknowledgemen ha quan i a i e da a can suppo any numbe
o in e p e a ions, and ha in e p e a ion is shaped by he in e p e e ’s pe spec i e and expe ience (Teo, 2010).
When i comes o issues o social policy, he knowledge and ac ion a ising om such da a is he e o e shaped
by who is in he posi ion o in e p e hem, and his posi ion is o en occupied by people wi h pe spec i es
and expe iences ha a e no he same as hose o he people wi h expe ience o he issue. Consequen ly, he
knowledge de i ed om he da a does no uly ep esen he eali y o expe ience, and in e en ions based on
his incomple e knowledge can all sho o add essing he needs o he communi ies he da a conce n.
We use he e m Da a Democ acy o desc ibe he no el app oach we ha e de eloped o add ess his sho coming
in social policy. In his app oach, he people wi h di ec expe ience o he issue lead he esea ch and knowledge-
p oduc ion p ocess; hey a e esponsible o asking he ques ions, in e p e ing he da a and co-c ea ing he
solu ions. In his way, he exis ing da a is analysed and unde s ood om he pe spec i e o expe s by expe ience,
and wi h his new knowledge, de i ed om bo h quan i a i e and quali a i e in e oga ion, communi ies and
policymake s a e be e posi ioned o make long-las ing, meaning ul change ha p omo es social jus ice.
In p ac ice, he Da a Democ acy app oach is an i e a i e p ocess o communi y discussion and da a analysis.
Al hough p e-exis ing esea ch, heo y and knowledge may shape he ini ial di ec ion o his p ocess, he
subs ance o he wo k is malleable and changes wi h he di ec ions ha communi ies ake i .
Pa icipan s
We eached ou o esiden s o No humbe land Pa k ia he No h London Pa ne ship Conso ium (NLPC) o
in i e in e es ed pa ies o pa icipa e in paid wo kshops (~£16.66 pe hou ) o discuss, unde s and and in e p e
da a on ‘child po e y’ and o gene a e new da a on he opic om hei li ed expe ience. Ac oss he wo kshops
we wo ked wi h a g oup o 9, mainly younge (16 o 30 yea s old) esiden s. Focusing on younge esiden s
e lec ed ou in e es in unde s anding how po e y shapes expe iences du ing adolescence and ou ecogni ion
ha a pee -based g oup would acili a e mo e open dialogue and collec i e analysis.
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025
- 6 -
Wha We Found
The quali a i e aspec s o he da a democ acy app oach can be desc ibed as se ial ocus g oup design (Baden
e al., 2022). This s uc u e allows pa icipan s o c ea e social ela ionships ac oss mul iple mee ings, lea n om
one ano he and gene a e sha ed ep esen a ions, knowledge and collec i e owne ship o e bo h he esea ch
ques ions and he in e p e a ion o indings.
Wi hin ocus g oup sessions, da a o o he a e ac s a e used as a s imulus o gene a e discussion and join
in e p e a ion. The da a p esen ed would ypically be gene a ed om pa icipan s own hypo heses o ques ions
om p e ious sessions, c ea ing an i e a i e cycle o inqui y. This posi ioned pa icipan s no as subjec s bu as
ac i e in e p e e s capable o connec ing quan i a i e pa e ns o s uc u al p ocesses and collec i e expe ience.
Quali a i e App oach
Quan i a i e App oach
Based on he con en o he discussions wi h pa icipan s, we analysed seconda y da ase s ele an o he opics
discussed. All da a p ocessing and analysis conduc ed by Jus Knowledge can be ound in Jus Knowledge’s
Po e y A ec ing Child en eposi o y on Gi Hub.2 Ou analysis makes use o a wide ange o publicly a ailable
da a (see Appendix 2).
The W ong Side o he T acks -
Spa ial Inequali y and In isibili y in Ha ingey
The London Bo ough o Ha ingey, whe e No humbe land Pa k is loca ed, is s ongly di ided in e ms o weal h.
In he Eas o he bo ough, he le el o po e y a ec ing child en is e y high, wi h up o 1 in 3 child en li ing in
po e y. In con as , in he Wes o he bo ough, he a e is as low as 1 in 33 - en imes lowe . This spa ial di ide is
el di ec ly by esiden s and was in ui ed p io o any da a isualisa ion being sha ed.
“And you can ac ually see ha , like, i you go o Wood G een and you pass a ce ain place,
you al eady know, like i eels di e en … like when you come o he eas pa o Ha ingey
om coming h ough he Wes , i ’s as i you’ e in a simula ion. I ac ually eels like you’ e in
wo di e en wo lds.”
This inequali y was e iden bo h spa ially and empo ally. Figu e 1 shows he a ia ion in he pe cen age o
Child en in Low Income Families (CiLIF) - including he sha p eas -wes di ide - in Ha ingey, and Figu e 2
shows he pa e n o e ime in he UK, Ha ingey and No humbe land Pa k. These da a enabled con e sa ions
abou how di e en le els o agg ega ion mask li ed expe iences, gi en ha Ha ingey has much lowe le els
o po e y a ec ing child en han he UK a e age. Pa icipan s ecognised he po en ial o s a is ical sleigh s
o hand:
“The sepa a ion be ween No humbe land Pa k… like hese young people a e s uggling a
a s agge ing a e and hen Ha ingey looking okay. Some imes, i you don’ zoom in o ce ain
s ee s, you won’ see he pain people a e acing. And you can pu da a o make hings look
nice”
2 h ps://gi hub.com/Jus Knowledge-UK/j -po e y-a ec ing-child en
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025
- 7 -
Figu e 1 Pe cen age o child en in low-income amilies in Ha ingey by Middle laye Supe Ou pu A ea
Figu e 2 Pe cen age o child en in low-income amilies ac oss inancial yea s o he UK, Ha ingey, and
No humbe land Pa k (Wa d)
Pa icipan s desc ibed No humbe land Pa k as simul aneously hype isible and in isible. The To enham
Ho spu S adium domina es he skyline, d awing housands o isi o s on ma ch days, ye he es a e i sel
emains unseen. In ou ini ial mapping exe cise (Wo kshop 1, Figu e 3), people we e asked o iden i y landma ks
and bounda ies ha de ined hei neighbou hood. The s adium eme ged as a powe ul symbol o his pa adox, a
s uc u e ha b ings he wo ld’s a en ion o he a ea while obscu ing he li ed eali ies o hose who call i home:
“Come in o No humbe land Pa k, you see he s adium and hen you s a walking behind
ha ’s when you s a o see all o us and see... all he building[s] and all he blocks and you
jus see he es a e... i ’s jus massi e.”
The es a e exis s in he shadow o de elopmen , bo h li e ally and igu a i ely. While in es men lows owa d
in as uc u e ha se es hose passing h ough, pa icipan s desc ibed he o al neglec o he in as uc u e
in ended o esiden s.
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025
- 8 -
“I you go o [on he] W3 and jus go om… No humbe land pa k he e all he way o…
Finsbu y Pa k, you’ll see wha I mean…I will go h ough he whole es a e, you’ll come ou
o he big, shiny s adium… once you ge o ha li le peak, and you see, like, Ally Pally, ha ’s
when you s a coming in o, ‘Oh, wow.’”
“The bougie eally se s in once i goes down ha hill. And now you s a seeing, ‘oh, we ha e
hese ype o people in ou a ea’ ha ac ually, you know, li e good. They li e nice. They’ e
houses look nice. They ha e, he e’s ees, you see wha I mean.”
Pe haps he mos isce al a icula ion o Ha ingey’s spa ial inequali y came h ough desc ip ions o ce ain
bus ou es, which a e se he bo ough om eas o wes . Pa icipan s desc ibed his jou ney as an embodied
expe ience o c ossing om one wo ld in o ano he , whe e he ma e ial ma ke s o weal h and po e y become
inc easingly p onounced:
Figu e 3 Pa icipa o y map-making: A No humbe land Pa k esiden ’s d awing o hei local a ea
“ hey’ e le i jus o , like, physically speaking, hey’ e le he es a e o .”
The jou ney is no jus geog aphic bu also social and symbolic. T ees, well-main ained homes, di e en ypes
o shops, become ma ke s o who belongs whe e, and whose needs a e p io i ised. The con as is no sub le;
pa icipan s desc ibed i as ja ing, “as i you’ e in a simula ion.” This language sugges s an a i icial quali y o he
di ision, as hough someone had d awn a line sepa a ing wo incompa ible eali ies.
The geog aphic concen a ion o dep i a ion in No humbe land Pa k ope a es as a o m o s a egic in isibili y;
po e y is seques e ed in o speci ic bounda ies, no cap u ed by bo ough le el s a is ics. Bu hose li ing wi hin
hese bounda ies expe ience compounding disad an age ela ed o income, housing, access o se ices and
mo e. This di ide ul ima ely de e mines who is expec ed in wha places, who is hea d and alued by he s a e
and he oppo uni ies a ailable o people on each side o he ‘ acks’.
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025
- 9 -
Gi en his e idence base, we an icipa ed ha ace would eme ge as a p ima y lens h ough which pa icipan s
unde s ood and a icula ed hei expe iences o po e y and inequali y.
Ini ial eac ions o ques ions abou demog aphics appea ed o con i m hese expec a ions. When we asked
pa icipan s o desc ibe he people hey encoun e ed when c ossing in o weal hie a eas o Ha ingey, he
esponses we e immedia e and poin ed:
We en e ed his esea ch seeking o explo e e hnic dispa i ies in he expe ience o po e y a ec ing child en
in No humbe land Pa k. The ela ionship be ween ace and po e y is well-documen ed na ionally - bo h
his o ically (Pla , 2007, 2009) and con empo a ily (Ma ejic e al., 2024; S ewa e al., 2025) - wi h child en om
Black, Asian, and o he mino i ised e hnic backg ounds expe iencing signi ican ly highe a es o po e y han
hei Whi e pee s (see Figu e 4).
Figu e 4 Households wi h child en whose ne income a e housing cos s is below 60% o he na ional median, b oken down by
e hnici y. Values a e based on h ee-yea a e ages om 2021/22 - 2023/24 inancial yea s.
I: “
Wha kind o people? Wha do he people look like when you go down he hill?”
P1:
“No ou colou ”
P2:
“P edominan ly Whi e”
Ye as he con e sa ion deepened, wha eme ged was a mo e nuanced han a s aigh o wa d s o y o acial
di ision. No humbe land Pa k is ex emely e hnically di e se (Figu e 5). This di e si y is no me ely s a is ical; i is
li ed, el , and a icula ed by pa icipan s as cen al o he a ea’s iden i y:
“We ha e all ypes o cul u es he e... you can ind he whole wo ld in To enham... he e he
e hnici y aspec is no as gla ing, un il you go on o he o he side.”
Mo e han Skin Deep - Race, Class and Solida i y
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025
- 16 -
Th oughou his esea ch, esiden s o No humbe land Pa k ha e demons a ed sophis ica ed unde s anding o
he sys ems ha shape hei li es. They ha e in e oga ed da a, iden i ied pa e ns, connec ed li ed expe ience
o s uc u al p ocesses and de eloped clea posi ions on wha needs o change. Wha ollows a e p o oca ions
gene a ed h ough collec i e analysis, ques ions and demands ha hose wi h powe mus now conside .
Mo ing Beyond Child-Focused Na a i es
The dominan aming o “child po e y” is poli ically pala able and easy o sell, bu i undamen ally misunde s ands
he p oblem. Child en do no expe ience po e y in isola ion om hei amilies. Child en do no exis in a acuum,
and i is ob ious ha a child’s ci cums ances a e s ongly ied o hei pa en s’ o gua dians’ as well as ecology
o hei local a ea. In e en ions designed solely a ound child en, wi hou add essing he ma e ial ci cums ances
and wellbeing o en i e amilies, a e doomed o p o ide only su ace-le el elie .
A amily- ocused app oach would ecognise ha suppo ing pa en s o access s able employmen , secu e
housing, men al heal h se ices, and communi y connec ion is no sepa a e om add essing child po e y, i is
he ounda ion. I we a e se ious abou add essing child po e y, we ha e o shi ou ocus om child en alone
and s a in es ing in he ma e ial condi ions o en i e amilies.
A No humbe land Pa k Endowmen Fund?
I majo ins i u ions in and a ound No humbe land Pa k in es in i s esiden s, ans o ma ion would be possible.
An endowmen und, capi alised by hose who gene a e e enue om he a ea, could p o ide sus ained,
communi y-con olled esou ces o gene a ions. Mul iple mechanisms could achie e his a minimal cos o
s akeholde s bu wi h p o ound bene i s o he communi y. The endowmen could be unded by:
• 0.1% o To enham Ho spu e enue dona ed annually ( o he inancial yea ending 2024 his would ha e
been mo e han £500,000)
• A coali ion o philan h opic unde s could ma ch To enham Ho spu s dona ion b inging he o al annual
unding o £1m+.
• Dona ion op ions a poin o pu chase in o he local businesses.
• Ha ingey Council could ing ence a pe cen age o business a es (e.g. 5-10%) gene a ed in he
No humbe land Pa k a ea o suppo he c ea ion o a To enham Business Imp o emen Dis ic o enable
communi y-de e mined ini ia i es and s a egic in es men .
The managemen s uc u e o such a und can be de e mined i he e is genuine commi men . The ques ion
is no whe he his is possible, bu whe he hose who ha e he powe o change hings a e willing o in es in
No humbe land Pa ks u u e.
Don’ In es in P ojec s, In es in People o he Long-Te m
Money lowing in o No humbe land Pa k has ailed o p oduce las ing change because i unds p ojec s a he
han building capaci y wi hin he communi y i sel . In Ba king and Dagenham di e en o ganisa ions con ibu ed
£7 million o e 9 yea s o he ‘E e yone, E e y Day’ p og am. This had he in ended e ec o upli ing communi ies
and making hem eel genuinely in es ed in.
Wha would i mean o ix communi y ma e ial ci cums ances and sel -wo h o e e ? Residen s p opose a model,
one ha p io i ises building people up, c ea ing space o esou ce-sha ing, skill exchange, and knowledge
ci cula ion ha becomes sel -sus aining. Dedica ed communi y spaces o his wo k al eady exis ; bu hey need
in es men . The goal is o make No humbe land Pa k independen o ex e nal p og ammes, and o cul i a e
economic and social capi al om wi hin, enabling esiden s o eel alued, expe ience joy, and exe cise genuine
con ol o e hei collec i e des iny. In es men mus shi om unding p ojec s ha deli e empo a y se ices,
o esou cing people who will shape he a ea’s u u e long a e unde s ha e mo ed on.
Whe e Nex ?
Will Ha ingey Council S a Taking hei Responsibili ies o he People o No humbe land Pa k Se iously?
Ha ingey Council has le down he people o No humbe land Pa k. Residen s ha e come up wi h some ideas o
change. I hey a en’ he igh ones, hen ell us wha you will do o add ess he s a k eali ies. Ha ingey has mo al
and legal esponsibili ies and esiden s wan he council o e ocus and cen e hei du y o ca e o he people
who li e in he bo ough hey go e n.
Residen s a e awa e ha de elopmen o a new mul i-million-pound s adium could ha e been ans o ma i e o
one o England’s mos dep i ed a eas. Ins ead, h ough he planning p ocess he council has allowed he p ojec
o enege on mul iple key obliga ions ag eed in he o iginal plan, wai ing housing equi emen s, and epea edly
acquiescing o he club’s comme cial in e es s. This ep esen s he mos signi ican missed oppo uni y in ecen
memo y o imp o e cons i uen s’ li es.
The new Indices o Dep i a ion da a, eleased du ing he w i ing o his epo , quan i ies wha esiden s al eady
knew: condi ions ha e wo sened, no imp o ed, since he s adium opened. The only ques ion is wha he council
will do di e en ly o e he nex i e yea s o ensu e ha he nex Indices o Dep i a ion da a elease is a cause o
celeb a ion a he han despai .
We began his p ojec asking why po e y a ec ing child en pe sis s despi e decades o da a and in e en ions.
Th ough he Da a Democ acy app oach, wo king alongside he esiden s o No humbe land Pa k, we ound
ou answe : hose wi h he powe o change he sys em do no expe ience i s ailu es di ec ly enough o compel
meaning ul ac ion. The da a has always been a ailable. The knowledge o wha needs o happen has always
exis ed wi hin a ec ed communi ies. Wha has been missing is he sys em’s will o lis en, lea n, and ac .
The young people who shaped his esea ch a e no subjec s o s udy o ecipien s o in e en ions. They a e
expe in e p e e s o hei own eali y, capable o sophis ica ed analysis o housing ma ke s, economic pa e ns,
and powe dynamics. They iden i ied solu ions - amily- ocused a he han child- ocused suppo , pe pe ual
a he han ime-limi ed in es men , accoun abili y mechanisms o ins i u ional ailu e, and ai edis ibu ion o
he weal h gene a ed in hei neighbou hood. These ecommenda ions dese e se ious conside a ion p ecisely
because hey eme ge om li ed expe ience and igo ous engagemen wi h da a.
The pe sis ence o po e y a ec ing child en in places like No humbe land Pa k is no ine i able. I is he esul
o speci ic decisions by speci ic ins i u ions a speci ic momen s. Di e en decisions emain possible. This epo
exis s o make hose decisions ha de o a oid. Change will no come om mo e da a o be e analysis. I will
come when hose who hold powe a e inally compelled o ac on wha communi ies ha e been saying all along:
ha po e y a ec ing child en is a mo al eme gency demanding immedia e, sus ained, and ans o ma i e
esponse. The ques ion is no wha needs o happen. The ques ion is whe he hose wi h he powe o ac will
inally choose o do so.
Final Though s
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025 No embe 2025
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025
- 18 -
Baden, C., Pasi selska, O., Aha oni, T., & Tenenboim-Weinbla , K. (2022). Se ial Focus G oups: A Longi udinal
Design o S udying In e ac i e Discou se.
In e na ional Jou nal o Quali a i e Me hods,
21, 16094069221118766.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/16094069221118766
Child Po e y Ac ion G oup. (n.d.).
Po e y: Fac s and igu es | CPAG.
Re ie ed 8 Oc obe 2025, om h ps://
cpag.o g.uk/child-po e y/po e y- ac s-and- igu es
Depa men o Wo k and Pensions. (2025a).
Child en in low income amilies: Local a ea s a is ics 2014 o 2024
[Da a se ]. h ps://www.go .uk/go e nmen /s a is ics/child en-in-low-income- amilies-local-a ea-s a is ics-
2014- o-2024
Depa men o Wo k and Pensions. (2025b).
Households below a e age income (HBAI) s a is ics
[Da a se ].
h ps://www.go .uk/go e nmen /collec ions/households-below-a e age-income-hbai--2
Finney, N., & Ha ies, B. (2015). Which e hnic g oups a e ha des hi by he ‘housing c isis’? In
E hnic Iden i y
and Inequali ies in B i ain
(pp. 141–160). Policy P ess. h ps://b is oluni e si yp essdigi al.com/edcollchap/
book/9781447321835/ch010.xml
Ma ejic, P., Schmuecke, K., Ibison, Y., & Taylo , I. (2024).
Bangladeshi, Black A ican and Pakis ani households a
highe isk o e y deep, long- e m po e y. Joseph Rown ee Founda ion.
h ps://www.j .o g.uk/si es/de aul /
iles/pd s/bangladeshi-black-a ican-and-pakis ani-households-a -highe - isk-o - e y-deep-long- e m-
po e y-c86297 e5355 a80c08832 523d72346.pd
Minis y o Housing, Communi ies and Local Go e nmen . (2019).
English indices o dep i a ion 2019
[Da a se ].
h ps://www.go .uk/go e nmen /s a is ics/english-indices-o -dep i a ion-2019
Minis y o Housing, Communi ies and Local Go e nmen . (2025). English indices o dep i a ion 2025 [Da a se ].
h ps://www.go .uk/go e nmen /s a is ics/english-indices-o -dep i a ion-2025
Numbe and p opo ion o employee jobs wi h hou ly pay below he li ing wage—O ice o Na ional S a is ics.
(2024). h ps://www.ons.go .uk/employmen andlabou ma ke /peopleinwo k/ea ningsandwo kinghou s/
da ase s/numbe andp opo iono employeejobswi hhou lypaybelow heli ingwage
O ice o Na ional S a is ics. (2025).
UK small a ea g oss alue added (GVA) es ima es [
Da a se ]. h ps://www.
ons.go .uk/economy/g oss alueaddedg a/da ase s/uksmalla eag aes ima es
Pla , L. (2007).
Po e y and E hnici y in he UK. Policy P ess.
Pla , L. (2009).
E hnici y and child po e y
(No. 576). Depa men o Wo k and Pensions.
Rex, J., Moo e, R. S., & Rela ions, I. o R. (1967).
Race, Communi y and Con lic : A S udy o Spa kb ook.
Ins i u e o
Race Rela ions.
S ewa , K., S ephens, T., Aina, J., & Ree es, A. (2025).
Baking inequali y in om bi h: New analysis o he way he
wo-child limi and he bene i cap in e sec wi h e hnici y
(No. 43; CASEb ie ). London School o Economics.
Teo, T. (2010). Wha is Epis emological Violence in he Empi ical Social Sciences?: Wha is Epis emological
Violence in he Empi ical Social Sciences?
Social and Pe sonali y Psychology Compass,
4(5), 295–303. h ps://
doi.o g/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00265.x
Re e ences
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025
- 19 -
Child
The da ase s discussed in his epo de ine a child as:
“an indi idual aged unde 16. A pe son will also be de ined as a child i hey a e 16 o
19-yea s old and hey a e:
•
no ma ied no in a ci il pa ne ship no li ing wi h a pa ne ; and
•
li ing wi h pa en s/a esponsible adul ; and
•
in ull- ime non-ad anced educa ion o in unwaged go e nmen aining.”
Acco dingly, hese da ase s a e o ganised such ha 16-19-yea -old adul s a e di e en ia ed om 16–19-yea -
old ‘child en.’ In ou mee ings wi h pa icipan s, we conside ed o he da ase s ha didn’ allow o his dis inc ion.
Fo consis ency, we chose o ocus on unde -16s so ha we could conside he same age g oup ac oss da a
sou ces. The e o e, in his epo , all da a ela ing o child en e e o people aged unde 16 yea s o age.
Child Po e y
A child is conside ed o be li ing in po e y i hey li e in a household wi h an income below 60% o he na ional
median income (Child Po e y Ac ion G oup).
Local Au ho i y Dis ic (LAD)
An adminis a i e geog aphical uni adminis e ed by a local go e nmen . In his epo we use he e m o e e
o geog aphic a eas as well as he go e ning council.
Middle laye Supe Ou pu A ea (MSOA)
A s a is ical geog aphical uni used in he Census and o he O icial S a is ics. I is comp ised o 2,000-6,000
households and usually has a esiden popula ion o 5,000-15,0000 people.
Pa liamen a y Cons i uency
An elec o al geog aphic uni in he UK used o elec a single Membe o Pa liamen (MP) o he House o Commons.
12 h ps://s a -xplo e.dwp.go .uk/webapi/me ada a/CILIF_REL/Age o Child (yea s and bands).h ml
Wa d
The smalles elec o al geog aphic uni in he
UK, used o elec councillo s o local au ho i ies.
No humbe land Pa k and To enham
Th oughou he epo we e e o he a eas o
No humbe land Pa k and To enham. When
p esen ing da a, hese a eas speci ically e e o
geog aphic a eas, he exac de ini ion o which
a y be ween da a sou ces. The a eas ha
ea u e in his epo a e he No humbe land
Pa k MSOA, he No humbe land Pa k Wa d,
and he To enham Pa liamen a y Cons i uency.
Figu e 10 shows hese a eas.
Figu e 10 Geog aphic bounda ies o No humbe land Pa k and
To enham used in he da a eleases discussed in his epo
Appendix 1
De ini ions
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025
- 20 -
Child en in Low Income Families
The ‘Child en in Low Income Families’ da a (he ea e e e ed o as CiLIF) is published by he Depa men o
Wo k and Pensions (Depa men o Wo k and Pensions, 2025a). These da a p o ide a coun and pe cen age o
child en who li e in a amily wi h ela i e o absolu e low income be o e housing cos s. In his epo we ocus on
ela i e low income. A amily has a ela i e low-income i i s income o a gi en yea is below 60% o he median
income o ha yea . In his epo , we p oduced hese da a a he le els o Wa d and Middle laye Supe Ou pu
A ea (MSOA; see Appendix 1 o disambigua ion o he e ms used in his epo ). 14
Indices o Dep i a ion
The English Indices o Dep i a ion is published by he Minis y o Housing, Communi ies and Local Go e nmen
(Minis y o Housing, Communi ies and Local Go e nmen , 2019, 2025). The da a p o ide s a is ics on ela i e
dep i a ion in small a eas (Lowe laye Supe Ou pu A eas; LSOAs) in England, including me ics ela ing o
income, employmen , educa ion, heal h, c ime, housing, and li ing en i onmen .15 Because he No humbe land
Pa k es a e is con ained wi hin a single MSOA, we ocused on he le el o MSOA by agg ega ing he LSOA le el
da a using popula ion-weigh ed a e ages o each domain.
Numbe and p opo ion o employee jobs wi h hou ly pay below he li ing wage
These da a a e published by he ONS (Numbe and P opo ion o Employee Jobs wi h Hou ly Pay below he
Li ing Wage - O ice o Na ional S a is ics, 2024)16 and p o ide es ima es o he numbe and p opo ion o
employee jobs wi h hou ly pay below he li ing wage as de ined by he Li ing Wage Founda ion.17
Lis o P emie League S adia
To explo e how he p esence o P emie League S adia ela e o pa e ns o po e y in local a eas (a ising om
discussion in Wo kshop 2), we used he loca ions o all P emie League S adia (2024/25 Season)18 o exp ess he
CiLIF da a o MSOAs con aining a P emie League S adium as well as MSOAs wi hin a 1km adius o he s adium.
We achie ed his using spa ial joins; any MSOA in e sec ing a 1km bu e zone a ound a P emie League S adium
was included as a ‘neighbou ’ o which CiLIF da a we e p oduced.
Households Below A e age Income
We used he Households Below A e age Income da ase published by he Depa men o Wo k and Pensions
(Depa men o Wo k and Pensions, 2025b) o quan i y he p opo ion o households wi h child en whose ne
income a e housing cos s is below 60% o he na ional median, b oken down by e hnici y. Following guidance
documen a ion eleased wi h hese da a,19 we calcula ed a h ee-yea a e age o he e hnici y b eakdown.
G oss Value Added and To enham Ho spu Foo ball Club Financial S a emen s
We used da a on G oss Value Added (O ice o Na ional S a is ics, 2025) acqui ed ia NOMIS20 o explo e GVA in
he 1km a ound To enham Ho spu S adium (THS) om 2010 o 2023, using he same bu e me hod abo e; he
MSOAs in e sec ing he 1km bu e zone a ound THS we e combined and hei GVA summed o p oduced o al
GVA o he combined a ea. The a ea consis s o nine MSOAs; se en in Ha ingey and wo in En ield. Figu e 15 in
13 Re ie ed om h ps://www.go .uk/go e nmen /s a is ics/child en-in-low-income- amilies-local-a ea-s a is ics-2014- o-2024
14 Re ie ed om S a -Xplo e; a u ili y p o ided by he Depa men o Wo k and Pensions (DWP) ha can be used o access da a ela ing o a
ange o DWP bene i s and p og ammes. See h ps://s a -xplo e.dwp.go .uk/webapi/js /login.xh ml
15 Re ie ed om h ps://www.go .uk/go e nmen /s a is ics/english-indices-o -dep i a ion-2019
16 Re ie ed om h ps://www.ons.go .uk/employmen andlabou ma ke /peopleinwo k/ea ningsandwo kinghou s/da ase s/
numbe andp opo iono employeejobswi hhou lypaybelow heli ingwage
17 h ps://www.li ingwage.o g.uk/
18 h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/w/index.php? i le=Lis _o _P emie _League_s adiums&oldid=1311963307
19 DWP S a -Xplo e: HBAI - E hnic G oup o he Head o Household
20 h ps://www.nomisweb.co.uk/
Appendix 2
Da ase s
Appendix 6 o he ull epo isualises hese MSOAs on a map. We used his collec ion o a eas (as opposed o
jus he THS MSOA) because guidance associa ed wi h GVA da a o small a eas ad ises ha whe e GVA in a
small a ea is domina ed by a la ge en e p ise, he GVA is a e aged wi h o he nea by a eas o p e en s a is ical
disclosu e.21
To explo e his a ea’s GVA wi h and wi hou he in luence o To enham Ho spu Foo ball Club (THFC), we e e ed
o THFC’s Financial S a emen s in hei Annual Repo s.22 Speci ically, we e e ed o he summa y able on page
3 o he 2023 epo and page 2 o he 2018 and 2013 epo s. The lines o in e es we e ‘Re enue’ and ‘P o i om
ope a ions excluding oo ball ading and be o e Excep ional I ems [ o he 2023 and 2018 epo s] / es uc u ing
[2013 epo ] and dep ecia ion.’
We used hese igu es o app oxima e THFC’s GVA con ibu ion o he a ea o each yea be ween 2010 and
2023. I is no possible o calcula e GVA om published accoun s, bu we app oxima ed i by assuming ha he
ue alue o THFC’s GVA lies somewhe e be ween hei epo ed e enue and p o i . Sub ac ing THFC’s e enue
and p o i om he a ea’s o al GVA p o ides a ange o possible alues o GVA in he a ea when we exclude
THFC. Finally, we compu ed g ow h in GVA by exp essing each yea ’s GVA alues as a unc ion o GVA in a base
yea . We chose 2016 as he base yea because he e enue o THFC saw a sha p inc ease om 2017 onwa ds
(see Figu e 14 in Appendix 6 o he ull epo ) and we wan ed o cap u e his ajec o y in he con ex o he a ea’s
GVA. Ano he sensible base yea is 2018, which is he inal yea be o e he eopening o he s adium and which
could p o ide a sense o g ow h since eopening. Howe e , we easoned ha he combina ion o sha p e enue
inc eases and he impac o COVID in la e 2019 onwa ds makes he pic u e om 2018 less clea . Fo his eason,
we belie e he 2016 e sion p o ides a clea e pic u e. None heless, we also calcula ed g ow h using 2018 as he
base yea , he esul o which is shown in Figu e 16 in Appendix 6 o he ull epo .
21 h ps://www.ons.go .uk/economy/g oss alueaddedg a/bulle ins/smalla eag oss alueaddedes ima esuk/la es
22 h ps://www. o enhamho spu .com/ he-club/in es o - ela ions/annual- epo s/
Documen p oduced by
Place Ma e s No embe 2025 No embe 2025
In pa ne ship wi h:
Funded by:
