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Volume – III Issue - VI (No embe -Decembe ) 2025
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THE SURVIVAL STRATEGIES OF THRIVING MULTIPURPOSE
COOPERATIVES IN DAVAO ORIENTAL: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY
Pu isima N. Tampus1*, D . Joseph Elme G. No al2
1 Assis an P o esso I a Da ao O ien al S a e Uni e si y
2 P o esso a The Uni e si y o Immacula e Concep ion, Da ao Ci y, Philippines
| Recei ed: 20.11.2025 | Accep ed: 25.11.2025 | Published: 26.11.2025
*Co esponding au ho : Pu isima N. Tampus
Assis an P o esso I a Da ao O ien al S a e Uni e si y
Abs ac
This quali a i e mul iple case s udy is aimed a he in es iga ion o he su i al s a egies o h i ing mul ipu pose coope a i es
(MPCs) in Da ao O ien al. In his s udy, i e (5) MPCs we e pu pose ully selec ed and we e analyzed h ough in-dep h in e iews
and hema ic coding. The esul s o he s udy e ealed ha di e si ica ion o p oduc /se ices, membe pa icipa ion and suppo ,
anspa en and pa icipa o y leade ship, e ec i e inancial managemen and esou ce alloca ion, and s a egic pa ne ships and
linkages we e he su i al s a egies o he MPCs in Da ao O ien al. On he o he hand, how hese MPCs na iga e hei
challenges is h ough adap ing e ol ing p oduc /se ices, membe empowe men and sha ed accoun abili y, s a egic leade ship
and go e nance, inancial discipline, and capaci y building o sus ainabili y h ough ex e nally unded p og ams. All o hese
cases had he same p ac ices on how hey managed o su i e in imes o di icul ies, howe e , hey di e on he how hey
implemen hese app oaches. The s udy highligh s ha coope a i e esilience es s on he pa icipa o y go e nance, inancial
p udence, and con ex ual inno a ion. The esul s o his s udy gi es p ac ical insigh s o he coope a i e leade s, policymake s,
and academic ins i u ions o c ea e a esponsi e p og am ha can p omo e inclusi e g ow h and u al change. The indings o he
s udy also p o ide a be e insigh in o how communi y-based en e p ises can h i e in unce ain y and changing socio-economic
condi ion by inco po a ing he coope a i e alues in o he s a egic planning and s akeholde engagemen .
Keywo ds: Mul iple case, Mul ipu pose coope a i es, Su i al s a egies, Th i ing coope a i es, Sus ainabili y challenges.
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17718953
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In oduc ion
The mul ipu pose coope a i es (MPCs) in Da ao O ien al is
conside ed as a ca alys o inclusi e economic g ow h and u al
de elopmen . These coope a i es howe e expe ienced p oblems
such as inancial ins abili y, go e nance ine iciencies, and
en i onmen al h ea s. P io s udies (Bi chall, 2017; Mwangi &
Ouma, 2018; B iones, 2019), e ealed ha s a egic di e si ica ion,
membe empowe men and adap i e managemen a e impo an
ac o s o he coope a i e esilience. Bu he e is s ill a gap on
empi ical e idence on how hese h i ing mul ipu pose
coope a i es deals wi h hei challenges and e en how do hey
su i e. This esea ch ills his gap by explo ing he su i al
s a egies o h i ing mul ipu pose coope a i es and unde s anding
how hese coope a i e na iga es hei challenges aligning wi h
esou ce-based iew (Ba ney, 1991) and s akeholde s heo y
(F eeman, 1984), which in es iga es in e nal esou ce-use and
s akeholde s in ol emen as s eng h o esilience.
This s udy p ima y aimed a gi ing insigh s in o he su i al
s a egies o i e h i ing mul ipu pose coope a i es in Da ao
O ien al. The esul s o he s udy would be use ul o coope a i e
leade s, policy make s, and academe in way o eplica ing p ac ices
o hese h i ing mul ipu pose coope a i es.
Me hod and Ma e ials
This quali a i e esea ch employs mul iple case s udy me hods in
o de o cap u e he su i al s a egies o h i ing MPCs in Da ao
O ien al and o encou age he de elopmen o an in e p e a i e
unde s anding and pe cep ion in o how coope a i es ope a e. By
pu pose ully choosing i e (5) MPCs in which we e in ol ed in
ag icul u al ac i i ies in Da ao O ien al, he s udy was able o
iden i y di e en s a egies on how hey main ain hei coope a i e
ac i i ies unde economic, en i onmen al, and ins i u ional
cons ain s. This me hodological selec ion is consis en wi h
C eswell (2013) who sugges s ha case s udies can be used o
pa icula ly in es iga e complex social phenomena.
Fu he , a semi-s uc u ed in e iew, documen analyses and
hema ic codes we e used o acili a e iangula ion o he sou ces
and e i y conclusions (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). Du ing he
conduc o he s udy, he e we e i e co e su i al s a egies
iden i ied such as di e si ica ion o p oduc /se ices, membe
pa icipa ion and suppo , anspa en and pa icipa o y leade ship,
e ec i e inancial managemen and esou ce alloca ion, and
s a egic pa ne ships and linkages. These su i al s a egies
unde pin he key ea u es o in e nal esou ce mobiliza ion in
esou ce-based iew (RBV) Theo y (Ba ney, 1991), h ough which
coope a i es u ilized leade ship, inancial capi al and
o ganiza ional knowledge o sus ain hei compe i i e edge
complemen ing wi h F eeman (1984) s akeholde heo y.
The inding shows ha case A e ail se ices and a logis ic
pa ne ship in case C emphasized income di e si ica ion as hei
coope a i e sa e y ne du ing ag icul u al p oduc seasonali y.
Anabo (2021) s a es ha c ea ing alue addi ion p ocesses can help
in educing he ma ke ulne abili y. Fu he , he indings shows
ha all o hese i e cases na iga e hei challenges h ough
membe educa ion and aining which co obo a es San os and
Reyes (2023) a guing ha inancial li e acy and digi al skills is
help ul in ein o cing coope a i e esilience, as well as ci izen
empowe men o engage bo h in go e nance and ope a ional
ac i i ies.
Addi ionally, case D encou ages us and pa icipa ion among
membe s h ough a g oup decision making demons a ing e hical
go e nance and anspa en leade ship. Thei coope a i e s a egy
is in line wi h F eeman’s (2023) s akeholde o mula ion, which
s a es ha in o de o p ese ed coope a i e legi imacy and
esponsi eness, a a ie y o s akeholde s, including membe s o he
communi ies and go e nmen agencies, mus be in ol ed. As
alida ed by Lopez e al. (2022) and B iones (2019), who
emphasized such ongoing issues o sus ainabili y o coope a i es,
he analysis demons a ed ha such go e nance p ac ices helped in
managing dis up ions due o clima e and inancial cons ain s.
Fu he , case B showcased discipline in managing hei inances
ha helped hei coope a i e in dealing wi h limi ed c edi
a ailabili y, a p oblem ha has been ex ensi ely discussed in
Philippine coope a i e li e a u e (Abad, 2020; Llan o, 2020). Wha
I also ound is, du ing di icul ies, hese coope a i es a e s a egic
abou budge ing and in e nal con ols in a way ha keeps hem
liquid and has allowed many o hem o make in es men s wi h
o he c edi sou ces we e all bu shu down. This also highligh s he
c i ical ole o in e nal inancial managemen as a su i al s a egy
especially in u al se ings whe e banks may classi y coope a i es
among high- isk bo owe s.
S a egic alliances we e iden i ied as an impo an ex e nal
esou ce. Coope a i es wo ked wi h local go e nmen uni s
(LGUs), non-go e nmen al o ganiza ions (NGOs), and academic
ins i u ions o a ail o aining, g an s and ma ke . These
collabo a ions ha e no only inc eased he abili y o coope a i es
o coope a e, bu also inc eased he ul illmen o clima e- esilien
measu es by implemen ing ag o o es y and o ganic a ming
ecommenda ions (Sinulingga e al. (2023) and he Food and
Ag icul u e O ganiza ion (2020).
Be ween case compa isons showed ha al hough all coope a i es
combined simila s a egies he ela i e weigh be ween in e nal
and ex e nal esou ces was di e en . Some accen ua ed membe
empowe men and in e nal go e nance (Cases B and D); o he s
depended mo e on ex e nal pa ne ships and ma ke in eg a ion
(Cases A and C). These a ia ions indica e ha he coope a i es in
Da ao O ien al esou ce alloca ion s a egies ha e cul u al and
con ex ual dimensions de e mined by coope a i e size, loca ion, as
well as s akeholde composi ion.
Thus, he heo e ical unde pinnings and me hodological soundness
o my s udy ha e made i easie o unde s and abou how h i ing
MPCs in Da ao O ien al o e come challenges and su i e
unce ain ies. The indings o his s udy e eals ha coope a i e
esilience is in ima ely ela ed o pa icipa o y go e nance inancial
managemen , and con ex ual inno a ion and does no jus ely on
ex e nal suppo . Coope a i e leade s, legisla o s, and de elopmen
p o essionals who wan o expand e ec i e s a egies and p omo e
inclusi e u al de elopmen migh lea n aluable lessons om
hese indings.
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