WP2 – ATHENS CAMPAIGN – NTUA 21GRD02 BIOSPHERE.
README. x :
o Ins umen desc ip ion and calib a ion s a us
Two lida sys ems we e used o e ie e ae osol op ical p ope ies: he DEPOLa iza ion lida sys Em
(DEPOLE) and he elas ic-Raman lida sys em aE osol and Ozone Lida sys em (EOLE).
DEPOLE is based on a pulsed Nd: YAG lase emi ing a 355 and 532 nm wi h linea pola iza ion pu i y mo e
han 99.5%, achie ed using a pola izing il e . The elas ically backsca e ed lida signals a e collec ed a bo h
wa eleng hs by a 200 mm diame e Dall-Ki kham ( /4) Casseg ainian elescope and a e sepa a ed in o
pa allel and c oss-pola iza ion componen s using pola izing beam spli e cubes. DEPOLE achie es ull
o e lap a app oxima ely 500 m a.s.l. (Papayannis e al., 2020). DEPOLE p o ides e ical p o iles o he
ae osol elas ic backsca e coe icien and olume and pa icle linea depola iza ion a ios VLDR and PLDR,
espec i ely, a 355 and 532 nm, as well as he ae osol Ångs öm exponen be ween hese wo wa eleng hs
(AE355/532). Du ing BIOSPHERE Campaign we ocused on 532 nm measu emen s om DEPOLE and also,
ae osol mass concen a ion p o iles o dus and non-dus componen s we e es ima ed using he
POLIPHON algo i hm (Ansmann e al., 2012; Mamou i and Ansmann, 2014; Tesche e al., 2009), which
combines depola iza ion lida and sun pho ome e da a. Depola iza ion lida dis inguishes dus om non-
dus ae osols om ae osol backsca e and depola iza ion p o iles, while sun pho ome y p o ides
ine/coa se-mode AODs and mic ophysical p ope ies ( olume and su ace a ea). Mass concen a ions we e
calcula ed using ae osol-speci ic p ope ies like PLDR, lida a io, densi y, and olume- o-AOD a ios. To his
end we used a coa se-mode densi y o 2.6 g cm−3 (dus ) (Hess e al., 1998; P oes akis e al., 2024) and a
ine-mode densi y o 1.35 g/cm−3 (smoke) (Engelha e al., 2012; Reid e al., 2005). The me hod emains
e ec i e e en when lida and pho ome e da a a e no s ic ly colloca ed, especially o s able dus e en s.
To al unce ain y in e ie ed mass concen a ions is ~36-40% and assumed mass densi ies (±20%). Volume-
o-AOD a ios may a y by up o 10% o dus and 20% o smoke (Ansmann e al., 2012, 2019).
The EOLE lida sys em is based on a pulsed Nd: YAG lase emi ing simul aneously a 355, 532, and 1064
nm. The ecei ing uni includes a 300 mm diame e ( /2) Casseg ainian elescope, which collec s bo h he
elas ically backsca e ed signals and he ib a ional- o a ional Raman signals gene a ed by a mosphe ic N₂
a 387 and 607 nm, and H₂O a 407 nm. EOLE p o ides e ical p o iles o he ae osol backsca e
coe icien s a 355, 532, and 1064 nm, and ex inc ion coe icien s a 355 and 532 nm, as well as he wa e
apo mixing a io in he oposphe e. Addi ionally, EOLE p o ides e ical p o iles o in ensi e ae osol
pa ame e s, including he lida a io (LR) a 355 and 532 nm, and ae osol Ångs öm exponen s de i ed om
ex inc ion (AEe355/532) and backsca e (AEb355/532, AEb532/1064) coe icien s. The sys em eaches ull o e lap a
app oxima ely 800 m a.s.l.. Based on hese obse a ions and using well-known me hodologies, we can
sepa a e he lida signals be ween ae osols and clouds, sphe ical and non-sphe ical pa icles in mixed
ae osol laye s (Ansmann e al., 2012, 2019; Tesche e al., 2009).
EOLE (1) and DEPOLE (3) lida sys ems along wi h hei elescopes (2 and 4, espec i ely) a e p esen ed in
Fig. 1.
WP2 – ATHENS CAMPAIGN – NTUA 21GRD02 BIOSPHERE.
o Calib a ion s a us
The las calib a ion o he DEPOLE lida sys em was pe o med on 17 July 2023, while he EOLE lida was
calib a ed on 17 Augus 2023, du ing he campaign. A subsequen calib a ion was ca ied ou o EOLE on
15 No embe 2023, ollowing he QA/QC calib a ion s anda ds o ACTRIS – Cen e o Ae osol Remo e
Sensing.
P io o he campaign, bo h lida sys ems had been calib a ed on 10 No embe 2022.
o Measu emen pe iod and ime s anda d
The measu emen pe iod ex ends om 1 June 2023 ill 30 Augus 2023.
Each Le el 2 ile, which con ains he non-smoo hed lida da a, is name as:
a yyyymmdd_s a ime_s op ime_l l2.nc
(e.g. a 20230601_1843_1935_l 2.nc)
Simila ly, each Le el 3, which con ains he smoo hed lida da a, ollows he o ma :
a yyyymmdd_s a ime_s op ime_l l3.nc
(e.g. a 20230601_1843_1935_l 3.nc)
Figu e 1. EOLE (1) and DEPOLE (3) lida sys ems along wi h hei elescopes (2 and 4, espec i ely) in he
Lase Remo e Sensing Uni (LRSU) in he Na ional Technical Uni e si y o A hens (NTUA).
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
WP2 – ATHENS CAMPAIGN – NTUA 21GRD02 BIOSPHERE.
o Column names and uni s
Bo h Le el 2 and Le el 3 .nc iles ollow a speci ic o ma wi h s anda dized column names and uni s, as
desc ibed below:
-DEPOLE Lida Sys em – Depola iza ion Va iable
Va iable
Desc ip ion
Uni s
Heigh _amsl
Heigh abo e mean sea le el
m
Backsca e _532_dus
Dus backsca e a 532 nm
Mm-1 s -1
Backsca e _532_non_dus
Non-dus backsca e a 532 nm
Mm-1 s -1
Backsca e _532_ o al
To al backsca e a 532 nm
Mm-1 s -1
Dus _mass_concen a ion
Dus mass concen a ion
μg m-3
Non_dus _mass_concen a ion
Non-dus mass concen a ion
μg m-3
Mass_concen a ion_ o al
To al mass concen a ion
μg m-3
PLDR_532
Pa icle Linea Depola iza ion Ra io a 532 nm
dimensionless
- EOLE Lida Sys em
Va iable
Desc ip ion
Uni s
Angs oem_backsca e _355_1064
Ångs öm exponen (backsca e 355/1064 nm)
–
Angs oem_backsca e _355_532
Ångs öm exponen (backsca e 355/532 nm)
–
Angs oem_backsca e _532_1064
Ångs öm exponen (backsca e 532/1064 nm)
–
Angs oem_ex inc ion_355_1064
Ångs öm exponen (ex inc ion 355/1064 nm)
–
A mosphe ic_densi y
A mosphe ic densi y
cm⁻³
Backsca e _1064
Backsca e a 1064 nm
Mm⁻¹ s ⁻¹
Backsca e _532
Backsca e a 532 nm
Mm⁻¹ s ⁻¹
Backsca e _355
Backsca e a 355 nm
Mm⁻¹ s ⁻¹
Backsca e _532_dus
Dus backsca e a 532 nm
Mm⁻¹ s ⁻¹
Backsca e _532_non_dus
Non-dus backsca e a 532 nm
Mm⁻¹ s ⁻¹
Backsca e _532_ o al
To al backsca e a 532 nm
Mm⁻¹ s ⁻¹
Ex inc ion_355
Ex inc ion a 355 nm
Mm⁻¹
Ex inc ion_532
Ex inc ion a 532 nm
Mm⁻¹
Heigh _amsl_(b1064)
Heigh (a.m.s.l.) o backsca e a 1064 nm
m
Heigh _amsl_(b532)
Heigh (a.m.s.l.) o backsca e a 532 nm
m
Heigh _amsl_(b355)
Heigh (a.m.s.l.) o backsca e a 355 nm
m
Heigh _amsl_(e532)
Heigh (a.m.s.l.) o ex inc ion a 532 nm
m
Heigh _amsl_(e355)
Heigh (a.m.s.l.) o ex inc ion a 355 nm
m
WP2 – ATHENS CAMPAIGN – NTUA 21GRD02 BIOSPHERE.
Heigh _amsl_(densi y)
Heigh (a.m.s.l.) o a mosphe ic densi y
m
Heigh _amsl_(LR,Angs oem)
Heigh (a.m.s.l.) o Lida Ra io and Ångs öm exponen
m
Lida Ra io_355
Lida a io a 355 nm
s
Lida Ra io_532
Lida a io a 532 nm
s
Dus _mass_concen a ion
Dus mass concen a ion
μg m⁻³
Non_dus _mass_concen a ion
Non-dus mass concen a ion
μg m⁻³
Mass_concen a ion_ o al
To al mass concen a ion
μg m⁻³
PLDR_532
Pa icle Linea Depola iza ion Ra io a 532 nm
dimensionless
o Con ac pe son (name, email, ins i u e)
Ma ilena Gida akou, ma ilenagida [email protected] , A hens, G eece, NTUA
Alexand os Papayannis, [email p o ec ed], A hens, G eece, NTUA
Re e ences
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s udies o Saha an dus and Eyja jallajökull/G ims ö n olcanic plumes, A mosphe ic Chem. Phys., 12,
9399–9415, h ps://doi.o g/10.5194/acp-12-9399-2012, 2012.
Ansmann, A., Mamou i, R.-E., Ho e , J., Baa s, H., Al hausen, D., and Abdullae , S. F.: Dus mass, cloud
condensa ion nuclei, and ice-nuclea ing pa icle p o iling wi h pola iza ion lida : upda ed POLIPHON
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Hess, M., Koepke, P., and Schul , I.: Op ical P ope ies o Ae osols and Clouds: The So wa e Package OPAC,
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WP2 – ATHENS CAMPAIGN – NTUA 21GRD02 BIOSPHERE.
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