Methodological framework for intersectionality analysis. Report No D1.3 of the Horizon Europe Project 101082212 — PLANET4B

1.1.5
2
PLANET4B ecei es unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon Eu ope
esea ch and inno a ion p og amme unde g an ag eemen No 101082212.
This p ojec is unded by UK Resea ch and Inno a ion (UKRI) unde he UK
go e nmen ’s Ho izon Eu ope unding gua an ee.
This wo k has ecei ed unding om he Swiss S a e Sec e a ia o Educa ion,
Resea ch and Inno a ion (SERI).
Views and opinions a e o hose o he au ho s only and do no necessa ily
e lec hose o he Eu opean Union, Eu opean Commission, he go e nmen o
he Uni ed Kingdom, o he go e nmen o Swi ze land. The Eu opean Union,
he Eu opean Commission, he go e nmen o he Uni ed Kingdom, o he
go e nmen o Swi ze land canno be held esponsible o hem.
iii
Key deli e able in o ma ion
Deli e able numbe
D1.3
Deli e able i le
Me hodological amewo k o in e sec ionali y analysis
Task leade
In e disciplina y Resea ch Cen e o Technology, Wo k and Cul u e
(IFZ)
Co esponding edi o :
Ani a Thale
Dissemina ion le el
Public
S a us
Final
Deli e able desc ip ion
Based on Winke and Degele’s (2011) eigh -s ep model o in e sec ional mul ile el analysis, his epo
ou lines a e ined me hodological amewo k o con ex -speci ic in e sec ionali y analyses, co-c ea ed
h ough h ee online wo kshops wi h PLANET4B case s udy pa ne s.
Ve sion
S a us
Da e
Au ho s/Re iewe s
0.1
D a
01/05/2023
Au ho s: Ani a Thale (IFZ); Sand a Ka ne (IFZ)
0.2
D a
03/05/2023
Re iewe s: Alex F anklin (CU); Agnes Zolyomi; Ilkhom
Solie (MLU); To s en Wähle (MLU)
0.3
D a
11/05/2023
Au ho s: Ani a Thale (IFZ); Sand a Ka ne (IFZ)
1.0
Final
17/05/2023
Re iewe : To s en Wähle (MLU)
1.1
Upda e
07/10/2025
Au ho s: Ani a Thale (IFZ); Sand a Ka ne (IFZ)
P ojec ac onym
PLANET4B
P ojec i le
unde s anding Plu al alues, in e sec ionali y, Le e age poin s,
A i udes, No ms, beha iou and social lEa ning in T ans o ma ion o
Biodi e si y decision making
S a ing da e
01s No embe 2022
Du a ion
36 mon hs
Websi e
h ps://plane 4b.eu/
P ojec coo dina ion and
scien i ic lead eam
Ilkhom Solie ; Alex F anklin; Agnes Zolyomi; To s en Wähle
i
Con ibu o s o ac ion/in e en ion di ec ly leading o his deli e able
Håkon Aspøy (NINA); Ma a Bone i (UNIPI); Ka he ine Despo -Belmon e; Robe o G onda (UNIPI);
Esz e Kelemen (ESSRG); Giacomo Lamp edi (UNIPI); Bo bála Lipka (ESSRG); Subash Ludh a (DC);
Vinícius Mendes (RU); And eas Mo schiunig (FUG); Gyö gy Pa aki (ESSRG); Mi jam Schlei e (FiBL);
Ba ba a Smi h (CU);
Simeon Vaňo (CG); Ma eo Villa (UNIPI)
Recommended ci a ion
Thale , A. & Ka ne , S. (eds.) (2023). Me hodological amewo k o in e sec ionali y analysis. Repo
No D1.3 o he Ho izon Eu ope P ojec 101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels: Eu opean Resea ch
Execu i e Agency. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14871142
Recommended ci a ions o indi idual chap e s
Thale , A. (2023). In oduc ion. In: A. Thale & S. Ka ne (eds.), Me hodological amewo k o
in e sec ionali y analysis, chap e 1, pp. 2–11. Repo No D1.3 o he Ho izon Eu ope P ojec
101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels: Eu opean Resea ch Execu i e Agency.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14871142
Thale , A. & Ka ne , S. (2023). Me hodological app oach: T ansdisciplina y wo kshops o co-c ea e a
sha ed unde s anding o in e sec ionali y in biodi e si y esea ch. In: A. Thale & S. Ka ne (eds.),
Me hodological amewo k o in e sec ionali y analysis, chap e 2, pp. 11–17. Repo No D1.3 o he
Ho izon Eu ope P ojec 101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels: Eu opean Resea ch Execu i e Agency.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14871142
Thale , A. & Ka ne , S. (2023). Resul s and discussion: Doing biodi e si y case s udies wi h an
in e sec ional lens. In: A. Thale & S. Ka ne (eds.), Me hodological amewo k o in e sec ionali y
analysis, chap e 3, pp. 17–22. Repo No D1.3 o he Ho izon Eu ope P ojec
101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels: Eu opean Resea ch Execu i e Agency. DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.14871142
Figa i, H., B edin, Y., & Gunde sen, V. (2023). Child en wi h disabili ies and ou doo ec ea ion in
G ea e Oslo, No way. In: A. Thale & S. Ka ne (eds.), Me hodological amewo k o in e sec ionali y
analysis, chap e 4.1, pp. 23–26. Repo No D1.3 o he Ho izon Eu ope P ojec
101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels: Eu opean Resea ch Execu i e Agency.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14871142
B own, G., F anklin, A., & Ludh a, G. (2023). Sys emic exclusion: E hnic mino i y communi ies and
access o na u e and he ou doo s. Cen al England, UK. In: A. Thale & S. Ka ne (eds.),
Me hodological amewo k o in e sec ionali y analysis, chap e 4.2, pp. 27–31. Repo No D1.3 o he
Ho izon Eu ope P ojec 101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels: Eu opean Resea ch Execu i e Agency.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14871142
Solie , I., Podlaszewska, A., Saydalie , Z., & Wähle , T. (2023). U ban you h, in e sec ionali y, and
na u e in Ge many. In: A. Thale & S. Ka ne (eds.), Me hodological amewo k o in e sec ionali y
analysis, chap e 4.3, pp. 32–37. Repo No D1.3 o he Ho izon Eu ope P ojec
101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels: Eu opean Resea ch Execu i e Agency.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14871142
Ka ne , S., S einwende , D., & Thale , A. (2023). ‚Bio-Di e se Edible Ci y G az‘: U ban ood o
biodi e si y and inclusion in G az, Aus ia. In: A. Thale & S. Ka ne (eds.), Me hodological amewo k
o in e sec ionali y analysis, chap e 4.4, pp. 38–43. Repo No D1.3 o he Ho izon Eu ope P ojec
101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels: Eu opean Resea ch Execu i e Agency.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14871142
Home, R. & Sabi , G. (2023). Ag icul u e, Religion and Biodi e si y. Swi ze land. In: A. Thale & S.
Ka ne (eds.), Me hodological amewo k o in e sec ionali y analysis, chap e 4.5, pp. 44–47. Repo
No D1.3 o he Ho izon Eu ope P ojec 101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels: Eu opean Resea ch
Execu i e Agency. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14871142
Thale , A. & Ka ne , S. (2023). Limi a ions o he me hodological amewo k. In: A. Thale & S. Ka ne
(eds.), Me hodological amewo k o in e sec ionali y analysis, chap e 5, pp. 48. Repo No D1.3 o
he Ho izon Eu ope P ojec 101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels: Eu opean Resea ch Execu i e
Agency. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14871142
Thale , A. & Ka ne , S. (2023). Conclusion and ou look. In: A. Thale & S. Ka ne (eds.), Me hodological
amewo k o in e sec ionali y analysis, chap e 6, pp. 48–49. Repo No D1.3 o he Ho izon Eu ope
P ojec 101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels: Eu opean Resea ch Execu i e Agency.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14871142
Thale , A. & Ka ne , S. (2025). In e sec ionali y Mapping – Case S udy „Bio-/Di e se Edible Ci y G az“,
Aus ia. In: A. Thale & S. Ka ne (eds.), Me hodological amewo k o in e sec ionali y analysis, annex,
pp. 53–55. Repo No D1.3 o he Ho izon Eu ope P ojec 101082212 – PLANET4B. B ussels:
Eu opean Resea ch Execu i e Agency. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14871142
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Acknowledgemen s
The au ho s would like o hank all PLANET4B eam membe s, who pa icipa ed and
ac i ely engaged in he wo kshops. Only he eby he co-c ea i e p ocess, which
unde lies he concep ual amewo k desc ibed in his epo , was possible.

1
Table o Con en s
Key deli e able in o ma ion .............................................................................................. iii
Acknowledgemen s ............................................................................................................
Execu i e summa y ............................................................................................................ 2
1 In oduc ion .................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 The oo s and ideas o in e sec ionali y ................................................................................. 3
1.2 Me hodological conside a ions o in e sec ionali y ............................................................... 5
1.3 In e sec ional pe spec i es in he biodi e si y discou se ....................................................... 7
1.4 P ac ical conside a ions o doing in e sec ional biodi e si y ac i i ies .................................. 9
2 Me hodological app oach: T ansdisciplina y wo kshops o co-c ea e a sha ed
unde s anding o in e sec ionali y in biodi e si y esea ch ............................................... 11
2.1 Backg ound and con ex o co-c ea ion wo kshops .............................................................. 11
2.2 P ocess and elemen s o co-c ea ion wo kshops .................................................................. 12
3 Resul s and discussion: Doing biodi e si y case s udies wi h an in e sec ional lens ........ 17
3.1 Re lexi i y o esea che s in o med by in e sec ionali y ...................................................... 18
3.2 App oaching ac o s o biodi e si y case s udies using an in e sec ional pe spec i e ............ 19
3.3 Doing biodi e si y case s udies wi h an in e sec ional lens .................................................. 20
4 Li e a u e e iews on biodi e si y case s udies .............................................................. 22
4.1 Child en wi h disabili ies and ou doo ec ea ion in G ea e Oslo, No way .......................... 23
4.2 Sys emic exclusion: E hnic mino i y communi ies and access o na u e and he ou doo s.
Cen al England, UK ................................................................................................................... 27
4.3 U ban you h, in e sec ionali y, and na u e in Ge many ....................................................... 32
4.4 ‚Bio-Di e se Edible Ci y G az‘: U ban ood o biodi e si y and inclusion in G az, Aus ia ..... 38
4.5 Ag icul u e, Religion and Biodi e si y. Swi ze land .............................................................. 44
5 Limi a ions o he me hodological amewo k ............................................................... 48
6 Conclusion and ou look ................................................................................................. 48
Re e ences ....................................................................................................................... 50
Annex ............................................................................................................................... 53
In e sec ionali y Mapping – Case S udy „Bio-/Di e se Edible Ci y G az“, Aus ia ....................... 53
2
Execu i e summa y
The wo ld is no on ack o achie ing mos o he a ge s o he sus ainable
de elopmen goals, and ising inequali ies and biodi e si y loss a e among he ends
ha mo e in he opposi e di ec ion, and he consequences o biodi e si y loss on ising
inequali ies ha e o be add essed (Independen G oup o Scien is s, 2019).
To ackle his in e linkage o inequali ies in he ield o biodi e si y, PLANET4B aims a
u ilising he concep o in e sec ionali y (C enshaw, 1989). In e sec ionali y highligh s
ha ace, gende , disabili y, sexuali y, class, age, and o he social ca ego ies a e
in e ela ed and lead o di e en le els o powe and opp ession in luenced by o ces
like colonialism and neolibe alism (Rice e al., 2019).
The concep i sel is no a heo y wi h clea me hodological conside a ions, hus, his
epo p o ides insigh in o ele an heo ies and me hods, and documen s a co-
c ea ion p ocess o he PLANET4B conso ium, in o de o acili a e a sha ed
unde s anding o using he in e sec ional lens o upcoming biodi e si y case s udies.
This co-c ea ed amewo k o PLANET4B case s udies comp ises h ee elemen s:
• Using in e sec ionali y as a s a ing poin o e lexi i y o esea che s.
• Conside ing in e sec ionali y and posi ions o p i ilege when app oaching
ac o s.
• Doing case s udies wi h an in e sec ional lens.
Each elemen o his amewo k is in oduced wi h a guiding p inciple, which s ems ou
o he co-c ea ion wo kshops, and use ul ques ions.
All i e PLANET4B place-based case s udies, whe e lea ning communi ies will be
es ablished o igge ans o ma i e change, explo ed hei in e sec ional ocus
h ough conso ium wo kshops, and also by unde aking suppo ing li e a u e e iews.
A d a syn hesis o indings is compiled in Sec ion 3.4.
1 In oduc ion
Au ho : Ani a Thale
In he 2030 Agenda o Sus ainable De elopmen , se en een goals and 169 a ge s
ha e been de ined o e adica e po e y and gua an ee an equi able u u e o all.
Acco ding o he expe epo “The Fu u e is Now” (Independen G oup o Scien is s,
2019), he wo ld is no on ack o achie ing mos o hose a ge s. Mo eo e , he
epo names ou ends which a e mo ing in he opposi e di ec ion: ising inequali ies,
clima e change, biodi e si y loss and inc easing amoun s o was e (Independen G oup
o Scien is s, 2019, p. 20).
I has been ecognised ha : “E ec i e ac ion in any o hose a eas equi es
acknowledging and add essing he links among hem – he close ies be ween clima e
change and human heal h, o ins ance, o he ways in which biodi e si y loss and
de e io a ion o ecosys em se ices exace ba e inequali ies.” (Independen G oup o
3
Scien is s, 2019, p. 23). Taking ca e o human well-being, and empowe people’s
capabili ies is he key o b ing abou change owa ds sus ainable de elopmen .
Sys ems o opp ession such as pa ia chy, ableism, acism, ageism, colonialism and
impe ialism s ill ma ginalise people, o en in mul iple ways. In e sec ionali y is seen as
a concep , which helps o unde s and hese in e linked complexi ies o disc imina ion
(Monju ul Kabi & Thomson, 2022).
“Women occupy he on lines o he p esen ecological c isis,
making up 80 pe cen o clima e e ugees. In he global Sou h, hey
cons i u e he as majo i y o he u al wo k o ce, e en as hey also
bea esponsibili y o he lion’s sha e o social- ep oduc i e labo .
Because o hei key ole in p o iding ood, clo hing, and shel e o
hei amilies, women play an ou sized pa in coping wi h
d ough ,3ollu ion, and he o e exploi a ion o land, likewise, poo
women o colo in he gobal No h a e disp opo iona ely ulne able.
Subjec o en i onmen al acism, hey cons i u e he backbone o
communi ies subjec o looding and lead poisoning.” (A uzza e al.,
2019, p. 47 .)
This in oduc ion p o ides an o e iew o he in e sec ionali y discou se wi h a ocus
on publica ions wi h ele ance o biodi e si y esea ch. The olume o scien i ic
publica ions on in e sec ionali y has g own apidly in he las wen y yea s, wi h some
a icles also add essing how his a he ague concep can be ackled
me hodologically. Despi e his g ow h, howe e , he e a e no so many pape s which
b oach he in e sec ional issue o biodi e si y, o how in e sec ionali y can be
p ac ically applied by ansdisciplina y esea ch eams.
The e o e, his epo will u ilise he concep o in e sec ionali y o he ield o
biodi e si y and p o ide an insigh in o ele an exis ing heo ies and me hodologies.
I will also documen a co-c ea ion p ocess, which aimed a acili a ing a sha ed
unde s anding o using he in e sec ional lens o he biodi e si y case s udies o he
PLANET4B conso ium.
1.1 The oo s and ideas o in e sec ionali y
In 1989, Kimbe le C enshaw published a “black eminis c i ique o an idisc imina ion
doc ine, eminis heo y and an i acis poli ics” and in oduced in his a icle an
in e sec ional analysis o a legal case o disc imina ion o Black women in he US.
C enshaw’s legal a gumen builds upon p e ious wo k, like bell hooks’ (1981) amous
book “Ain’ I a Woman”, in which she s a es:
“… I oiced my con ic ion ha he s uggle o end acism and he
s uggle o end sexism we e na u ally in e wined, ha o make hem
sepa a e was o deny a basic u h o ou exis ence, ha ace and
sex a e bo h immu able ace s o human iden i y.” (ibid., p. 13)
C enshaw elabo a ed ha single-axes amewo ks a e disc imina ing Black women,
because ace-disc imina ion cases end o o ge sex- and class-unde -p i ileged
4
Blacks, and in sex-disc imina ion cases she obse ed he neglec o ace- and class-
unde p i ileged women.
“No o he g oup in Ame ica has so had hei iden i y socialized ou o
exis ence as ha e black women. We a e a ely ecognized as a
g oup sepa a e and dis inc om black men, o as a p esen pa o
he la ge g oup ‘women’ in his cul u e.” (p. 7)
Thus, C enshaw a gued ha by e-cen ing he “… disc imina ion discou se a he
in e sec ion … we may de elop language which is c i ical o he dominan iew and
which p o ides some basis o uni ying ac i i y.” (1989, p. 167)
Mo eo e , i has been subs an ia ed by C enshaw and u he eminis schola s ha
in e sec ionali y is mo e han adding up social ca ego ies:
„An in e sec ional esea ch p ojec examines ca ego ies a mul iple
le els o analyses — no simply by adding oge he mu ually
exclusi e analyses o he indi idual and ins i u ional le els bu by
means o an in eg a i e analysis o he in e ac ion be ween he
indi idual and ins i u ional le els o he esea ch ques ion.”
(Hancock, 2007, p. 251)
Al hough in e sec ionali y is oo ed in s uc u alism1, indi iduals’ esis ance agains
ca ego isa ion led o pos s uc u alis , quee and new ma e ialism discou ses seeking
o an i-essen ialis app oaches (Rice e al., 2019). Fo ins ance, quee schola s
add ess ace and acism oge he wi h issues o he e ono ma i i y, biphobia and he
inclusion o ans* people. Elizabe h E ans and Éléono e Lépina d (2019) collec ed
examples o how in e sec ionali y has been aken up by quee mo emen s in o de o
e eal and esis p i ilege. Common o hese pos s uc u alis and pos mode n
pe spec i es is he social cons uc ion o social ca ego ies, which adds a p ocess
cha ac e o he in e sec ionali y app oach:
“Bu o say ha a ca ego y such as ace o gende is socially
cons uc ed is no o say ha ha ca ego y has no signi icance in ou
wo ld. On he con a y, a la ge and con inuing p ojec o
subo dina ed people – and indeed, one o he p ojec s o which
pos mode n heo ies ha e been e y help ul – is hinking abou he
way powe has clus e ed a ound ce ain ca ego ies and is exe cised
agains o he s. This p ojec a emp s o un eil he p ocesses o
subo dina ion and he a ious ways hose p ocesses a e
expe ienced by people who a e subo dina ed and people who a e
p i ileged by hem. I is, hen, a p ojec ha p esumes ha ca ego ies
ha e meaning and consequences. And his p ojec 's mos p essing
p oblem, in many i no mos cases, is no he exis ence o he
ca ego ies, bu a he he pa icula alues a ached o hem and he
1 In o de o analyse inequali ies based on social iden i ies, iden i y ma ke s like gende ha e o be
de ined. In s uc u alism and essen ial eminis heo ies ‘women’ and ‘men’ a e seen as a he ixed
ca ego ies, whe eas new ma e ialis , quee and pos -s uc u al heo ies a e emphasising he luidi y o
social ca ego ies like gende , and he p ocesses o hei social cons uc ion.
11
Finally, Simpson (ibid.) ecommends asking pa icipan s o eedback, wi h ou basic
ques ions being asked in he con ex o e alua ing in e sec ionali y in o med ac i i ies:
1. Wha wo ked and why? (Assessing accessibili y)
2. Wha did no wo k and why? (Imp o ing accessibili y)
3. Wha could ha e been done di e en ly? (Re lec ing on inclusi eness)
4. Wha adjus men s and changes a e equi ed now? (Imp o ing he in e sec ional
app oach)
2 Me hodological app oach: T ansdisciplina y wo kshops o
co-c ea e a sha ed unde s anding o in e sec ionali y in
biodi e si y esea ch
Au ho s: Ani a Thale , Sand a Ka ne
Based on he li e a u e o e iew on in e sec ionali y wi h a ocus on biodi e si y
esea ch in chap e 1 o his epo , a se ies o online PLANET4B conso ium
wo kshops we e hen o ganised. The pu pose o he wo kshops was o co-c ea e a
me hodology o con ex speci ic mul ile el in e sec ionali y analysis, in o de o iden i y
ulne able g oups and inequi y in biodi e si y in e en ions. The co-c ea ion o
knowledge app oach has been es ed in o he esea ch p ojec s (using a ious
wo kshop o ma s, joined w i ing ac i i ies, e c.) as a use ul me hodology o mend he
gap be ween scien i ic knowledge and policy o p ac ice b ough in o ac ion in a ious
ields om sus ainable ood sys ems (Ka ne e al., 2011) o implemen ing gende
equali y plans in science and esea ch o ganisa ions (Thale e al., 2022).
2.1 Backg ound and con ex o co-c ea ion wo kshops
Du ing he kick-o mee ing o PLANET4B (Decembe 13–15 h 2022 in Halle, Ge many)
he au ho s p esen ed he concep o in e sec ionali y and connec ions o biodi e si y
b ie ly. The asks o pa ne s comp ised case s udy speci ic li e a u e e iews as well
as h ee co-c ea ion wo kshops.
On Feb ua y 1s , Feb ua y 20 h, and Ma ch 1s 2023 h ee-hou long online conso ium
wo kshops we e concep ualised and acili a ed by he au ho s o his epo , in o de o
co-c ea e a sha ed unde s anding o in e sec ionali y o he in ensi e case s udies3 o
PLANET4B. The wo kshops we e hos ed on he online pla o m Zoom, wi h he i ual
whi eboa d Mi o used o plena y and small g oup ac i i ies.
In sum, 22 PLANET4B eam membe s om 12 o ganisa ions pa icipa ed in he h ee
wo kshops. Mos o pa icipan s a e a ilia ed wi h he i e in ensi e, place-based,
ac ion-lea ning case s udies, which aim a igge ing pa hways owa ds ans o ma i e
change in a ious con ex s:
3 PLANET4B wo ks on in ensi e, local-based and ex ensi e, global case s udies. In ensi e case s udies
a e concep ualised as lea ning communi ies in speci ic biodi e si y ela ed esea ch ac i i ies.

12
• Child en wi h disabili ies and ou doo ec ea ion in G ea e Oslo, No way.
• E hnic mino i y communi ies and access o na u e and he ou doo s, Cen al
England, UK.
• U ban you h, in e sec ionali y, and na u e in Ge many.
• ‘Bio-Di e se Edible Ci y G az’: U ban ood o biodi e si y and inclusion in G az,
Aus ia.
• Ag icul u e, Religion and Biodi e si y ag icul u e-biodi e si y, Swi ze land
Addi ionally, a ou h online wo kshop was o ganised o all in e es ed pa ne s o
PLANET4B o sha e he co-c ea ed knowledge. 14 pe sons om eigh o ganisa ions,
including pa ne s wo king on ex ensi e case s udies, pa icipa ed in his h ee-hou
long wo kshop on Ma ch 20 h.
2.2 P ocess and elemen s o co-c ea ion wo kshops
All co-c ea ion wo kshops ollowed he gene al concep o in oducing he pa icipan s,
ollowed by in e ac i e co e-ac i i ies, plena y discussions, and a e lec ion and
eedback phase as closing elemen .
The in oduc ion elemen o all wo kshops pu sued h ee goals. Fi s ly, o become
amilia wi h each o he , which is o u mos impo ance in o de o sha e knowledge
and expe iences in he hema ic ield o in e sec ionali y. Secondly, o gi e all
pa icipan s an equal possibili y o speak igh om he beginning. This has been
p o en as a success ul s a egy in online se ings o inc ease he gene al ac i i y le el
o he g oup and especially o mo e in o e ed pa icipan s. Thi dly, he in oduc ion
exe cise was biodi e si y- hemed (e.g. in oducing onesel as a non-human ac o ), and
hus sensi ised he g oup o in e sec ional aspec s o biodi e si y like mul ispecies
jus ice.
The le els o p e ious expe iences wi h he concep o in e sec ionali y di e ed e y
much among he pa icipan s. Some ansdisciplina y esea ch eams al eady used
a ious eminis , pos -colonial and/o social jus ice heo ies, while o he s we e
ela i ely new o he hema ic a ea4. Thus, he co e-ac i i ies in he h ee wo kshops
o he in ensi e case s udies ollowed an adul educa ion app oach o mee ing
pa icipan s a hei s a ing poin s and connec ing he concep o in e sec ionali y s ep-
by-s ep wi h hei case s udies.
Wo kshop 1
In he i s wo kshop he ansdisciplina y eams e lec ed on hei planned case s udies
along se en a eas and speci ic ques ions (see Figu e 2): Desc ip ion o he case s udy
(1) and i s con ex (2), explaining he ele ance o ans o ma i e change (3), aspec s
o inclusion and expec ed p oblems wi h he lea ning communi ies o he case s udies
(4), he alues behind he eams (5), he exis ing and needed capaci ies o se ing up
4 This a ie y in gende knowledge was known be o e he wo kshop, due o he in oduc ion and
discussion o he opic a he i s conso ium mee ing in Decembe 2022 in Halle. A e ha all i e
in ensi e case s udy pa ne s d a ed li e a u e e iews, connec ing in e sec ionali y o hei speci ic
opics. This phase o w i ing he d a s was accompanied by Ani a Thale , she was consul ed by h ee
eams espec i ely esea che s, one eam asked o ad ice ace o ace (a e he mee ing in Halle),
ano he one by elephone and he hi d ia e-mail.
13
lea ning communi ies (6), and he es ic ions and expec ed esis ances, and deduced
needs (7).
Figu e 2. Case s udy e lec ion exe cise in wo kshop one (Mi o boa d by au ho s).
14
Wo kshop 2
In he second wo kshop he ‘academic wheel o p i ilege’ (Elshe i e al., 2022) was
in oduced and used as an indi idual e lexi i y exe cise5, o illumina e own p i ileges
and aise awa eness o he di e si y o social ma ke s and ca ego ies, which can lead
o mul iple disc imina ion and sys emic injus ices (Figu e 3). A e a plena y discussion,
he pa icipan s exchanged, in h ee small g oups, s a ing poin s o in e sec ional
pe spec i es (in ol ing who, why and how) in hei espec i e case s udies.
Figu e 3. Academic wheel o p i ilege by Elshe i e al. (2022) (Supplemen a y Figu e 2,
adap ed om Syl ia Duckwo h).
5 All pa icipan s wo ked indi idually on hei own wheel o p i ilege, placing hemsel es in he espec i e
cha ac e is ics o each ca ego y. A e wa ds, pa icipan s sha ed hei expe iences wi h he exe cise,
e lec ing om an indi idual pe spec i e and on a me a-le el, abou how use ul he exe cise is o he
pu poses o PLANET4B.
15
Wo kshop 3
Fo he hi d wo kshop, pa icipan s we e asked o ead wo a icles as a p epa a ion:
Mangelsdo e al. (2016) and Kaijse and K onsell (2016)6. In he wo kshop, all
p e ious s eps we e summa ised: om he p esen a ion o he opic du ing he kick-o
mee ing and he d a e sions o case s udy li e a u e e iews7, o he e lec ion o
case s udies wi hin he i s wo wo kshops, as well as he discussions a ound
in e sec ionali y as e lexi i y ool. F om he e on, he co e elemen s o his wo kshop
we e, i s ly, small g oup discussions o dualis ic cons uc ions o ‘o he ness’
(acco ding o Kaijse and K onsell 2016 hese a e p ocesses o “backg ounding”,
“exclusion”, “inco po a ion” and “objec i ica ion”, ibid. p. 46) in all case s udies and
ideas o o e coming hem. Secondly, in a plena y discussion he mos impo an
insigh s we e collec ed on a “doing biodi e si y s udies wi h an in e sec ional lens”
boa d (see Figu e 4). Finally, he mul i-le el analysis o Winke and Degele (2011) was
discussed as a possibili y o analyse empi ical da a, like in e iews, wi h an
in e sec ional app oach (see chap e 1.2 o his epo ).
6 Pa icipan s asked o ecei e a icles be o ehand o no lose ime in he wo kshops o explana ions o
heo ies and s udies. The a icle by Kaijse and K onsell (2016) abou “Who ge s o know abou na u e?
Biodi e si y and ecosys em se ices h ough an in e sec ional lens” was chosen because o i s
immedia e ele ance o PLANET4B. Howe e , he immedia e eedback was ha he a icle is no easy
o g asp and was hen complemen ed by he edi o ’s in oduc ion (Mangelsdo e al., 2016) o he
special issue Kaijse and K onsell we e published in.
7 The d a e sions we e sen in a ime pe iod be ween he i s and sho ly a e he second wo kshop,
hen imp o ed by all eams a e comple ing he se ies o co-c ea ion wo kshops, and hen inalised o
he inal e sion o his epo .
16
Figu e 4. Doing biodi e si y wi h an in e sec ional lens (Mi o boa d by au ho s).
Wo kshop 4:
The ou h wo kshop was an addi ional wo kshop asked o by PLANET4B pa ne s
wo king on ex ensi e case s udies and in e es ed in unde s anding he concep o
in e sec ionali y be e also o hei wo k. The wo kshop had wo pu poses, i s ly o
gi e new pa icipan s a good o e iew o he discussed opics and an insigh in speci ic
ools. Secondly, also pa icipan s om he h ee wo kshops be o e we e in i ed o o e
he possibili y o discussing he p e iously co-c ea ed knowledge wi h ‘new
pa icipan s’ o e ing a ‘c i ical iends’-pe spec i e. Fo his wo kshop, pa icipan s
we e asked o ead wo pape s as a p epa a ion: Mangelsdo e al. (2016) and

17
Ha away (2016, p. 15–29)8. In he wo kshop he ou comes o he h ee p e ious co-
c ea ion wo kshops we e sha ed, and hen all pa icipan s discussed in wo g oups
(mode a ed by he wo acili a o s) he me hodological conside a ions along hei
in e es :
• G oup 1. “Analysing empi ical ma e ial wi h an in e sec ional lens” ( e . o he
eigh -s ep model o in e iew analysis by Winke and Degele, 2011, see chap e
1.2 in his epo ).
• G oup 2: “Doing biodi e si y case s udies wi h an in e sec ional lens”9 ( e . o
co-c ea ed knowledge o he h ee wo kshops be o e, using o ins ance Kaijse
and K onsell, 2016).
The closing and e lec ion pa o each wo kshop se ed o po en ially imp o e
ollowing wo kshops, and o ecei e eedback on how use ul he pa icipan s assessed
elemen s o he wo kshop.
3 Resul s and discussion: Doing biodi e si y case s udies
wi h an in e sec ional lens
Au ho s: Ani a Thale , Sand a Ka ne
The me hodological app oach discussed in his epo ollowed an i e a i e cycle. I
began wi h a li e a u e e iew on in e sec ionali y in biodi e si y esea ch, which
in o med he i s co-c ea ion wo kshop wi h pa ne s o he i e case s udies (in he
ields o inclusi e na u e ec ea ion and ou doo ac i i ies, u ban biodi e si y and ood,
and biodi e se ag icul u e). Findings om he i s d a case s udy speci ic li e a u e
e iews we e in eg a ed in he co-c ea ion wo kshops on in e sec ionali y (wi h
li e a u e in o med inpu s and expe ience-d i en discussions on e lexi i y, p i ileges,
si ua ed knowledges, e c.), which led o imp o ed case s udy li e a u e e iews, and
an o e all amewo k o doing biodi e si y case s udies wi h an in e sec ional lens. This
is why beside he key elemen s o he me hodological amewo k, he e ined case
s udy speci ic li e a u e e iews a e p esen ed in his esul s sec ion, as hey a e
ano he ou come o he desc ibed p ocess.
8 The wo pape s, which should be ead in ad ance, we e he edi o ial a icle by Mangelsdo e al.
(2016) because i p o ed o be a good in oduc ion, and he pigeon chap e o Ha away’s (2016) book
“S aying wi h he ouble”, wi h examples o mul ispecies ac i i ies wi h in e sec ional ele ance.
9 This is one o he a icles, which in o med he amewo k o he sha ed unde s anding o
in e sec ionali y in biodi e si y case s udies o PLANET4B, which will be explained in chap e 3.
18
Figu e 5. I e a i e cycle o co-c ea ing a sha ed unde s anding o in e sec ionali y in
biodi e si y case s udies.
The ou come o PLANET4B’s knowledge co-c ea ion gi es p ac ical insigh s in o how
in e sec ionali y can be used o highligh powe and social jus ice issues in he ealm
o biodi e si y. Ou p oposed h ee s eps a e in line wi h a heo e ical p ocess o
embedding in e sec ionali y in ield esea ch desc ibed by Rod iguez and Guen he
(2025): ecogni ion, adop ion, analysis.
1. Re lexi i y o esea che s in o med by in e sec ionali y ( ecogni ion)
2. App oaching ac o s o biodi e si y case s udies using an in e sec ional
pe spec i e (adop ion)
3. Doing biodi e si y case s udies wi h an in e sec ional lens (analysis)
3.1 Re lexi i y o esea che s in o med by in e sec ionali y
“I am a guing o poli ics and epis emologies o loca ion, posi ioning,
and si ua ing, whe e pa iali y and no uni e sali y is he condi ion o
being hea d o make a ional knowledge claims. These a e claims on
people's li es. I am a guing o he iew om a body, always a
complex, con adic o y, s uc u ing, and s uc u ed body, e sus he
iew om abo e, om nowhe e, om simplici y. Only he god ick is
o bidden." (Ha away, 1988, p. 589)
When esea ch aims a using an in e sec ional app oach, he guiding p inciple o he
i s me hodological s ep o his p ocess is o hink abou one’s own s andpoin .
Re lec ing on one’s own p i ileges and expe iences o disc imina ion and shame is a
di icul exe cise o esea che s. I con es s all ideas o objec i i y and dis ance o he
ield by posi ioning onesel wi hin one’s own esea ch con ex , o ins ance he e y
lea ning communi y wi hin he espec i e PLANET4B case s udy. One ool which can
be used o academics is he academic wheel o p i ilege (by Elshe i e al., 2022), bu
in o de o accu a ely i he speci ic in e sec ions o inequali y wi hin he espec i e
Fi s li e a u e e iew
on in e sec ionali y in
biodi e si y
D a li e a u e
e iew on i e case
s udies
Co-c ea ion
wo kshops on
in e sec ionali y
O e all amewo k o
doing biodi e si y
case s udies wi h an
in e sec ional lens
Re ined li e a u e
e iews on i e case
s udies,
19
communi y, adjus men s o his ool should be aken in o conside a ion10. Some o
hose in e sec ions migh be known om p e ious esea ch and e en published in
scien i ic a icles; some migh be known h ough con e sa ions wi h communi y cen es
o o he in e media y o ganisa ions11.
Disc imina ion can be e y deep, wi h p ejudices and s e eo ypes a ec ing he lea ning
communi y. Iden i ying po en ial in e sec ions o disc imina ion and making hem
isible, will be a ask o he case s udies. Tools like an adap ed wheel o p i ilege
exe cise (see Figu e 3 in chap e 2.2 in his epo ) o o he es ablished communi y
educa ion ac i i ies o explo ing in e sec ionali y can be used. The la e includes, o
example:
• In e sec ionali y S ing Game
• How Many o You.......explo ing ou own opp essions
• In isible Backpack o P i ilege Ac i i y
(see Simpson, 2009).
Use ul ques ions o s a biodi e si y esea ch wi h a sel - e lexi e in e sec ional lens
a e:
• Whe e do I s and?
• Wha a e my p i ileges?
• Whe e a e my connec ions o he case s udy?
• Whe e a e my en y poin s?
• Who can help us connec ing o human and non-human ac o s?
3.2 App oaching ac o s o biodi e si y case s udies using an in e sec ional
pe spec i e
"Si ua ed knowledges equi e ha he objec o knowledge
be pic u ed as an ac o and agen , no as a sc een o a g ound o
a esou ce, ne e inally as sla e o he mas e ha closes o he
dialec ic in his unique agency and his au ho ship o ‘objec i e’
knowledge." (Ha away, 1988, p. 589)
The mos impo an guiding p inciple o app oaching ac o s, is he need o build us
wi h new lea ning communi ies. This means ha he whole ansdisciplina y esea ch
10 The academic wheel o p i ilege is an adap ion speci ically o academics and esea che s, discussing
ca ego ies like ca ee s age o unding si ua ion, hese ca ego ies a e mos p obably no ele an o he
biodi e si y case s udy pa icipan s o PLANET4B. On he o he hand, addi ional ca ego ies migh be
use ul, hus i could be one ype o exe cise o wo k wi h in e es ed pa icipan s o c ea e hei own
meaning ul wheels o p i ileges.
11 The ele an social ca ego ies, which lead o social inequi ies and disc imina ion in speci ic case
s udies should no be assumed, bu be in o med by empi ical e idence and epo ed expe iences om
case s udy ac o s.
20
eam mus in o m hemsel es abou he con ex o he communi y, and p epa e
ac i i ies e y ca e ully o a oid igge s12.
Connec ing o people in local lea ning communi ies is dependen on indi idual en y
poin s o esea che s and ha monised mo i es wi hin each case s udy:
• Which o he p i ileges o expe ienced disc imina ions a e sha ed?
• Which in e es s and ac i i ies do acili a o s and local communi ies ha e in
common?
• Wha d i es di e en ac o s, o example, a e hey mo i a ed by en i onmen al
conce ns, heal h ela ed issues o social jus ice?
• Wha a e local communi ies gaining by planned biodi e si y ac i i ies?
To ind good en y poin s means o e lec on one’s own s andpoin s as well as o
analyse he in e sec ions o po en ial and ac ual disc imina ions in he speci ic case.
The mo i es o di e en ac o s ha e o be aligned wi h he in e en ion plans o each
case s udy and i s limi s. The bene i s o local communi ies ha e o be communica ed
clea ly. P ac ically, coope a ion wi h communi y ep esen a i es o g oups and wi h
exis ing ini ia i es can alle ia e access.
The knowledge abou in e sec ional aspec s o he biodi e si y case s udies will g ow
du ing he in e en ion ac i i ies. This is he ac ion esea ch pa o hese case s udies.
By doing he ac i i ies, he knowledge abou he in e linkage o in e sec ionali y and
biodi e si y in he espec i e communi y will ge b oade and deepe , ac i i ies migh
be adap ed, new ac o s app oached, new me hods applied.
Use ul ques ions o app oach and include ac o s o biodi e si y case s udies wi h an
in e sec ional lens a e:
• Who a e we doing esea ch wi h?
• Wha knowledge is alued and how?
• Who a e we missing and why?
• How di e se a e he people we a e missing?
3.3 Doing biodi e si y case s udies wi h an in e sec ional lens
“We belie e ha an in e sec ional app oach, p o oundly oo ed in
eminis heo iza ion, o e s aluable possibili ies o e- hinking –
and, hope ully, e-enac ing – human-na u e ela ions, wi h a en ion
o he di e si y and changeabili y o such ela ions, wi hou claims o
uni e sal u hs, and wi h oom o mul iple knowledges, knowe s,
and oices.” (Kaijse & K onsell, 2016, p. 60)
A u he guiding p inciple o doing biodi e si y esea ch wi h an in e sec ional lens is
illumina ing dualisms o na u e and humans o unde s and powe ela ions. This means
ins ead o ocusing only on ce ain aspec s o social ca ego ies as si es o domina ion
(e.g. masculini y s. eminini y), ollowing Kaijse and K onsell (2016, p. 46, e e ing
12 T igge s e e o wo ds, images, na a i es which could cause emo ional ha m by ac i a ing old pain ul
memo ies and aumas.
27
4.2 Sys emic exclusion: E hnic mino i y communi ies and access o na u e
and he ou doo s. Cen al England, UK
Au ho s: Ge aldine B own, Alex F anklin, Gee a Ludh a
This in ensi e case s udy will be co-p oduced, wi h Co en y Uni e si y wo king
collabo a i ely wi h DADIMA'S C.I.C. and pa icipan s a ending hei ac i i ies. The
o e a ching aim is o engage pa icipan s in DADIMA'S C.I.C. na u e walks h ough a
p ocess in which pa icipan s a e encou aged o sha e hei biodi e si y s o ies and
knowledge. DADIMA'S C.I.C. is a UK-based case s udy si ua ed in he Chil e ns A ea
o Na u al Beau y (AONB), a Whi e u al locali y ou side o Ox o d ci y. The
o ganisa ion, led by wo Sou h Asian Walk leade s, aims o di e si y access o and
engagemen wi h he ou doo s h ough c ea ing a sa e space ha b ings people om
di e se backg ounds oge he o explo e and suppo he de elopmen o biodi e si y
knowledge and unde s anding using c ea i e and inclusi e na u e-in o med ac i i ies.
The case s udy will also cap u e a b oade ange o s o ies om pa icipan s om e hic
mino i y communi ies engaging in communi y led na u e-based ini ia i es. The
o e a ching aim is o adop a case s udy app oach ha will be cen ed a ound he li ed
expe iences o people om e hnic mino i y communi ies, wi h he s o ies hey sha e
se ing as a ga eway o guide a wide dialogue wi h key s akeholde s wo king ac oss
he en i onmen al sec o (NGOs, policy make s and p ac i ione s), and se ing as a
ool o ac ion and change.
In he UK, he e m e hnic mino i y usually e e s o acial and e hnic g oups ha a e in
a mino i y in he popula ion and hus i is used o ca ego ise di e se popula ions
(Dacos a e al., 2021). People om backg ounds o mig a ion he i ages ha e di e en
li e his o ies and le els o a luence, he e a e people om e hnic mino i y backg ounds
ac oss all socio-economic ca ego ies, sec o s, and p o essions (Rishbe h e al., 2022).
An in e sec ional app oach will enable us o cap u e simila i ies and di e ences wi hin
and be ween pa icipan s and cap u e a nuanced unde s anding o how acialised
communi ies’ expe ience na u e and he ou doo s.
The case s udy will explo e:
• Knowledge and hidden s o ies abou biodi e si y held wi hin e hnic mino i y
communi ies.
• Wha biodi e si y means o e hnic mino i y communi ies engaged in na u e-
based ini ia i es and he impac o hese ini ia i es in engaging people wi h
ac ion associa ed wi h add essing biodi e si y loss.
• Ba ie s ha e hic mino i y communi ies expe ience in gaining access o na u e.
• The ole o c ea i e in e en ion me hods in unde s anding and esponding o
biodi e si y loss and engagemen in biodi e si y decision making a he (mic o,
meso and mac o le el).
• The impac o communi y led ini ia i es in engaging e hnic mino i y communi ies
wi h biodi e si y agendas.
• P ac ical ac ions pa icipan s engaged in a communi y led na u e-based
ini ia i e ake o help imp o e biodi e si y a a local le el.
• How decision make s can enhance e hnic mino i ies’ access and engagemen
wi h na u e.

28
• Al e na i e ways o knowing ledge and how o make isible/explici he s o ies
ha a e o en hidden o no conside ed as ele an .
• The case s udy will adop a mul i me hod app oach. Me hods will be iden i ied
in consul a ion wi h esea ch pa ne s.
Li e a u e o suppo CASE s udy Sys emic Ba ie s: E hnic mino i y
communi ies and access o na u e and he ou doo s
Resea ch shows ha in ol emen in and a i udes owa ds issues ela ed o
biodi e si y, such as soil conse a ion, biodi e si y upkeep, wa e managemen , and
communal o cul u al p ac ices a e shaped by g oups’ in e sec ing iden i ies and hei
in e ac ions (o lack o in e ac ion) wi hin social-ecological sys ems (Kaijse a &
K onsell, 2014; Gippoli i & Ba is i, 2023; H ay e al., 2022; Dinh, 2020). This wo k
illus a es he impo ance o mul iple social loca ions, ela ions, and s uc u es o
powe , and ac o s such as socio-economic ci cums ances, e hnici y, age (e c.) o he
deli e y o equi able esilience and he impo ance o engaging e hic mino i y
communi ies.
A s a ing poin o his wo k is a p essing conce n wi h ‘a g een inequali y’ (Howa d
Boyd, 2022). Such ‘g een inequali y’ is cha ac e ised by e hnic mino i ies encoun e ing
ba ie s leading o a disconnec om he na u al en i onmen . This conce n is no
unique o he UK; a he , dispa i ies associa ed wi h access and engagemen wi h and
in he na u al en i onmen a e a common end e lec ed ac oss a ple ho a o Wes e n
na ions. This has ami ica ions o e e sing biodi e si y decline, s a egies aimed a
aising awa eness, indi idual and policy p io i isa ion o biodi e si y and unde s anding
and esponses o biodi e si y loss. This in ensi e case s udy se s ou o explo e how
biodi e si y is unde s ood, pe cei ed, engaged wi h, and alued by e hnic mino i y
communi ies.
E hnic mino i ies, exclusion, and he na u al en i onmen
Resea ch shows ha he abo e-desc ibed pa e n o exclusion is no new. The e is a
longs anding body o wo k conduc ed in No h Ame ica explo ing pa icipa ion in
ou doo ec ea ional ac i i ies among popula ions di ided by social and acial
cha ac e is ic ea ly as 1962, Muelle and Gu in’s publica ion highligh ed a ia ions in
pa icipa ion in he ou doo s be ween Whi e and Black Ame icans. Resea ch in his
a ea o e ime ea i ms dispa i ies in access and engagemen in he ou doo and
ec ea ional ac i i ies be ween g oups (Walke , 2001; K ymkowski e al., 2014; Win e
e al., 2019). This g een inequali y is also e iden ac oss Eu ope. Gen in (2019), o
example, posi s ha , despi e he inc easing e hnic and acial di e si y ac oss Eu opean
coun ies, pe sis en inequi ies exis in access and engagemen o he na u al
en i onmen ac oss Eu opean na ions, wi h a clea dispa i y be ween how majo i y and
mino i ised communi ies access he na u al en i onmen wi hin u ban and u al
locali ies.
In ela ion o he UK and o speci ic ele ance o his case s udy, he e is a small bu
g owing body o e idence ( esea ch, policy, g ey and communi y and s a u o y
o ganisa ional epo s) documen ing dispa i ies associa ed wi h e hnic mino i y
communi ies’ access o he na u al en i onmen . Collie (2020) no es ha e hnic
mino i y communi ies a e mo e likely o li e in u ban a eas wi h a de iciency o access
o g een spaces, less access o p i a e ga dens and public pa ks and a highe
29
pe cen age o people om e hnic mino i ies li ing in a eas mos lacking in access o
na u e. Simila ly, esea ch by Na u al England in 2017, showed Black and Asian
people a e less likely o egula ly isi na u al se ings. This low p esence means ha
people om e hnic mino i ies miss he pleasu e, heal h bene i s and in ol emen in
ca ing o na u al spaces. Mo eo e , he ecen Co ona i us pandemic exposed and
ampli ied how ac o s including age, e hnici y and socio-economic s a us seem o play
a ole in his pic u e (Rishbe h e al., 2022).
The e ha e been a emp s by a ange o s akeholde s ( esea che s, NGO.s
go e nmen ac o s) o iden i y and unde s and people’s access and engagemen wi h
he na u al en i onmen . Alongside explo ing e hnic mino i y communi ies’ access o
g een spaces, esea ch has also examined olun ee ing ac i i y; he e is conside able
e idence ha shows a lack o e hnic di e si y amongs olun ee s in he na u al
ou doo s. Fo hose who do engage in ou doo olun ee ing oppo uni ies, he e is
a ia ion in pa icipa ion a es be ween e hnic g oups (HOCS, 2003). Alongside his,
he e is also a lack o e hnic di e si y ac oss he wide en i onmen al sec o a all le els
om accessing se ices, o oppo uni ies, employmen , boa d membe ship, e c. This
is despi e Black, Asian, and E hnic g oups being open o wo king wi hin he sec o , bu
also wan ing leade ship oppo uni ies o be pa o he change wi hin communi ies
(Johal & B own, 2021).
How is he p oblem unde s ood?
Gen in e al.’s (2019) esea ch sugges s ha he ela ionship be ween ace, e hnici y
and leisu e/ou doo has been p ima ily unde s ood in e ms o a ma ginali y and
e hnici y hypo hesis used o explain di e ences. Hence, pa icipa ion pa e ns a e
explained as an ou come o limi ed socio-economic esou ces esul ing om his o ical
pa e ns o disc imina ion (e.g. S amps & S amps, 1985) o e hnici y, whe eby
di e ences in pa icipa ion a e iewed in e ms o di e en no ms, alues and social
o ganisa ion be ween he mino i y and majo i y popula ions (e.g. Washbu ne, 1978).
Howe e , Gen in (ibid.) a gues ha mo e ecen ly, esea che s ha e ques ioned he
alidi y o he ma ginali y–e hnici y hypo hesis and his has led o a shi o p o ide a
mo e nuanced unde s anding ha conside s he in e sec ion o ace, e hnici y, gende ,
age, and social class in ela ion o leisu e and ou doo ec ea ion. Mo eo e , he e is
ecogni ion ha disc imina ion is a ac o ha should no be o e looked (e.g. Floyd &
G amann, 1995).
The wo k o Bha dwaj (2023) calls o an al e na i e amewo k, including o example,
by conside ing heo ies o he en i onmen and a g owing g oup o pos colonial,
Indigenous, and Black geog aphe s who a e also heo ising he ela ionship be ween
acism and land.
Ou co-p oduced s udy o e s an oppo uni y o con ibu e al e na i es ways o
unde s anding e hnic mino i y communi ies in he UK, ela ionship o biodi e si y and,
h ough in e cul u al dialogue wi h decision make s wi hin he en i onmen al sec o in
he UK, iden i y new and c ea i es ways o engaging wi h e hnic mino i y communi ies
in s a egies associa ed wi h add essing biodi e si y loss. Th ough ocusing a en ion
on engagemen in he na u al en i onmen acili a ed by communi y sel -o ganised
ini ia i es, he s udy will ad ance and p omo ing ways in which communi y led
ini ia i e(s) can be a si e o ci izen engagemen in na u e and a means o con ibu ing
o biodi e si y decision making p ocesses. Alongside his, i p o ides an oppo uni y o
30
cap u e simila i ies and di e ences wi hin and be ween communi ies and how ac o s
such as e hnici y, age, gende shapes indi idual’s expe iences and wha his may
mean o add essing ba ie s o na u e o e hnic mino i y communi ies and biodi e si y
decision making. This case s udy o e s a way o c i ically examining – and po en ially
in e ening wi h cu en hinking a ound e hnic mino i y communi ies and biodi e si y –
c ea ing knowledge and ac ion ha suppo mo e inclusi e policy making and p ac ice.
Re e ences
Bha dwaj, Anki (2023). The Soils o Black Folk: W.E.B. Du Bois’s
Theo ies o En i onmen al Racializa ion. Sociologica Theo y.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/07352751231164999
Collie , Be h (2022). No My G een Space? Whi e A i udes Towa ds Black P esence
in UK G een Spaces. An Au o-e hnog aphy. In: Whose G een Ci y?. Con es ed
U ban G een Spaces and En i onmen al Jus ice in No he n Eu ope. Bianka
Plüschke-Al o & Helen Soo äli-Sepping (eds.). Cham: Sp inge , pp. 41–58.
DaCos a, Ch issie, Dixon-Smi h, S e en & Singh, Gu nam (2021). Beyond BAME:
Re hinking he poli ics, cons uc ion, applica ion and e icacy o e hnic
ca ego iza ion. Co en y: Highe Educa ion Resea ch Ac ion G oup (HERAG).
Dinh, Thanh Sang (2020). A i udes o e hnic mino i ies owa ds biodi e si y
conse a ion IN Ca Tien Na ional Pa k, Vie nam. Jou nal o T opical Fo es
Science, 32(3), 305–310. h ps://doi.o g/10.26525/j s2020.32.3.305
Floyd, My on F. & G amann, James H. (1995). Pe cep ions o disc imina ion in a
ec ea ion con ex . Jou nal o Leisu e Resea ch, 27(2), 192–199.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/00222216.1995.11949742
Gen in, Sand a, Pi känen, Ka i, Chond oma idoua, Anna Ma ia, P æs holma, Sø en,
Dolling, Ann & Palsdo i , Anna Ma ia (2019). Na u e-based in eg a ion o
immig an s in Eu ope: A e iew. U ban Fo es y & U ban G eening, 43.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.u ug.2019.126379
Gippoli i, Spa aco & Ba is i, Co ado (2023). The ‘humanised zoo’: decolonizing
conse a ion educa ion h ough a new na a i e. E hics in Science and
En i onmen al Poli ics, 23(1–5). h ps://doi.o g/10.3354/esep00204
Howa d Boyd, Emma (2022). Resea ch and analysis. S a e o he en i onmen : heal h,
people and he en i onmen . (Repo , upda ed 26 Janua y 2023). B is ol:
En i onmen Agency. A ailable a :
h ps://www.go .uk/go e nmen /publica ions/s a e-o - he-en i onmen /s a e-
o - he-en i onmen -heal h-people-and- he-en i onmen (accessed Ap il 25,
2023).
H ay, Thazin, H oo, Kyaw Kyaw, Mbise, F anco Peniel & Røska , Ei in (2022). Fac o s
In luencing Communi ies’ A i udes and Pa icipa ion in P o ec ed A ea
Conse a ion: a Case S udy om No he n Myanma . Socie y & Na u al
Resou ces, 35(3). h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/08941920.2022.2032515
Johal, Pammy & B own, Ge aldine (2021). Changing Landscapes – Ac ioning Change
2021. A Repo sha ing key indings om Backbone CiC’s Symposium.
Lochluicha : Backbone CIC. A ailable a :
h ps://www.backbone.uk.ne /new e sion/wp-
con en /uploads/2021/09/Changing-Landscapes-Ac ioning-Change-
Symposium-2021-Repo .pd (accessed Ap il 26, 2023).
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Kaijse , Anna & K onsell, Annica (2014). Clima e change h ough he lens o
in e sec ionali y. En i onmen al Poli ics, 23(3), 417–433.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/09644016.2013.835203
K ymkowski, Daniel H., Manning, Robe E. & Vallie e, William (2014). Race, e hnici y,
and isi a ion o na ional pa ks in he Uni ed S a es: Tes s o he ma ginali y,
disc imina ion, and subcul u e hypo heses wi h na ional-le el su ey da a.
Jou nal o Ou doo Rec ea ion and Tou ism, 7, 35–43.
Muelle , E a & Gu in, Ge ald (1962). Pa icipa ion in Ou doo Rec ea ion: Fac o s
A ec ing Demand Among Ame ican Adul s. Washing on, D. C.: US
Go e nmen P in ing O ice.
Rishbe h, Cla e, Neal, Sa ah, F ench, Mo ag & Snai h, B idge (2022). Included
ou side: Engaging people om e hnic mino i y backg ounds in na u e. (Repo
No Na u al England Technical In o ma ion No e TIN185). Yo k: Na u al
England. A ailable a :
ile:///C:/Use s/PM/Downloads/TIN185%20Edi ion%201%20Included%20ou s
ide%20-
%20Engaging%20people%20 om%20e hnic%20mino i y%20backg ounds%
20in%20na u e.pd (accessed Ap il 26, 2023).
S amps, Spu geon M. & S amps, Mi iam B. (1985). Race, Class and Leisu e Ac i i ies
o U ban Residen s. Jou nal o Leisu e Resea ch, 17(1), 40–56.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/00222216.1985.11969613
Walke , Go don J., Deng, Jinyang & Diese , Rodney B. (2001). E hnici y accul u a ion,
sel -cons ual, and mo i a ions o ou doo ec ea ion. Leisu e Sciences 23(4),
263–283. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/01490400152809115
Washbu ne, Randel. F. (1978). Black unde -pa icipa ion in wildland ec ea ion:
al e na i e explana ions. Leisu e Sciences, 1(2), 175–189.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/01490407809512880
32
4.3 U ban you h, in e sec ionali y, and na u e in Ge many
Au ho s: Ilkhom Solie , Ammalia Podlaszewska, Za a Saydalie , To s en Wähle
The case s udy in Ge many will explo e a) o wha ex en young people, including hose
wi h less p i ilege, a e and eel empowe ed o in luence biodi e si y and na u e
p io i isa ion in decision making; and, b) i and how a ious in e en ion me hods,
including expe ien ial lea ning and beha iou al games, as well as c ea i e and
delibe a i e in e en ions, can ha e empowe ing e ec s o allow hem o imp o e
biodi e si y decision making.
The expec ed ou comes o he case s udy in Ge many a e:
• Be e unde s anding o o wha ex en young people (wi h in e sec ionali y ocus
on age, mig a ion, gende ) in Ge many eel empowe ed abou in luencing
p io i isa ion o biodi e si y and na u e in decision making
• Be e knowledge o he s a us quo o egional policies and ini ia i es (Saxony-
Anhal & Thu ingia) on you h pa icipa ion and social-ecological ans o ma ion
• Co-designed scalable expe imen al in e en ions ha p o ide space o
exp essing (pa icula ly p e iously ma ginalised) oices o you h in ela ion o
biodi e si y and na u e
• Lessons om expe imen al in e en ions o acili a e empowe men among
young people o in luence p io i isa ion o biodi e si y and na u e in decision
making
• E idence on empowe ed g oups o young people and pa icula ac o s ha
ha e acili a ed his p ocess o empowe men . Also, wha makes hem
empowe ed.
As he case s udy will ial expe imen al in e en ions, he subsequen s eps ollowing
hese ials can be adjus ed o maximise impac wi h hose in e en ions ha yield he
mos p omising esul s.
Planned ac i i ies:
• Explo a o y wo kshop(s) and esea ch (mapping ac o s)
• In e iews wi h local expe s and su ey on how empowe ed young people eel
in ela ion o biodi e si y/na u e decision making (wi h he possibili y o analyse
by mig a ion backg ound and gende , and scale o be decided)
• An i e a i e wo k wi h he lea ning communi y:
o Ini ia ing and es ablishing a lea ning communi y and coo dina ing he
ac i i ies and hei imeline wi h he lea ning communi y
o Co-c ea ion o a me hodology and in house co-de elopmen , es ing o
and planning o in e en ions
o Con inuously co-de eloping a s a egy o deploying in e en ions in he
ield (beyond p ojec eam – selec ing he mos p omising ac i i ies)
o Ins i u ionalisa ion o empowe ing and ans o ma i e in e en ion
elemen s
• Unde s anding ans o ma i e change h ough in e iews and wo kshops on
lessons wi h he in ol ed pa icipan s

33
Me hodologically, he case s udy in Ge many is commi ed o explo ing in e en ions
ha c ea e space o exp essing oices among young people (especially p e iously
ma ginalised ones), o expe imen ing wi h and social lea ning abou decision making
in simula ed en i onmen s, ying ou c ea i e and delibe a i e ac ions ha acili a e
imp o ed decision making in ela ion o na u e and biodi e si y.
The case s udy ocus has been sha pened and upda ed based on he discussions in
he in e sec ionali y wo kshops (T1.3) and case s udy con e sa ions be ween he
p ojec pa ne s (T3.1 & T2.1).
Inequali ies – In e sec ionali y
You h a e ypically no well- ep esen ed in decision making and eel powe less abou
decision making, pa icula ly in ela ion o na u e (Hickman e al., 2021; Wu e al.,
2020). We hypo hesise ha he eeling o powe lessness by young people is an
impo an ba ie in p io i isa ion o na u e and biodi e si y. In he las yea s, his
p ocess has been obse ed pa icula ly in ela ion o dissa is ac ion o u ban you h wi h
en i onmen al policies (ibid.), wi h u ban se ings being he a eas wi h mos you h-
inspi ed en i onmen al mo emen s. The anxie y and he eeling o powe lessness
migh be s onge in young people wi h less p i ileged in e sec ionali y backg ounds
(e.g. mig a ion) (e.g. Bo ho e al., 2022), who migh ha e less access o a ious poli ical
sys ems (e.g. elec ions) and migh ace addi ional challenges o social
accep ance/inclusion/in eg a ion, all po en ially explaining he le el o na u e and
biodi e si y p io i isa ion. Ye , ecen esea ch om i e mul icul u al ci ies in Eu ope
(Fische e al., 2018) ound ha highe alua ion o biodi e si y ich a eas p e ailed
among di e en sociocul u al g oups, indica ing some links be ween mig a ion
backg ound and a i udes owa ds biodi e si y.
Thus, he e a e wo guiding ques ions o he case s udy in Ge many:
1) To wha ex en do young people, including hose wi h less p i ilege, eel
empowe ed o in luence biodi e si y and na u e p io i isa ion in decision
making? To add ess his ques ion, we will use he empowe men heo y (e.g.
Zimme man, 2000) ha de ines empowe men as “a p ocess in which e o s o
exe con ol a e cen al” and highligh s ha “pa icipa ion wi h o he s o achie e
goals, e o s o gain access o esou ces, and some c i ical unde s anding o
he socio-poli ical en i onmen a e basic componen s” o empowe men (ibid.
p. 44). We will dis inguish be ween p ocesses (empowe ing) and ou comes
(empowe ed) and di e en le els o analysis – indi idual, o ganisa ional,
communi y.
2) To wha ex en can a ious in e en ion me hods, including expe ien ial lea ning
and beha iou al games, as well as c ea i e and delibe a i e in e en ions, ha e
empowe ing e ec s on younge age g oups? The empowe ing e ec s a e he e
unde s ood bo h as p ocesses (e.g. lea ning decision-making skills, wo king
wi h o he s, oppo uni ies o pa icipa e in decision making, unde s anding
owa ds di e si y) and as ou comes (e.g. sense o con ol, c i ical awa eness,
pa icipa o y beha iou s, policy in luence, building coali ions, leade ship). We
hypo hesise ha empowe men o young people could acili a e p io i isa ion o
na u e and biodi e si y in decision making, bo h in e ms o p ocesses and
ou comes.
34
Unde s anding he con inuum o decision making
The ques ion is how we can unde s and na u e and biodi e si y- ele an decision
making. The schola ship on en i onmen ally signi ican beha iou o e s a use ul
ca ego isa ion o concep ualising decision making ha is ele an he e (e.g. S e n,
2000; Solie e al., 2021). This schola ship a gues ha one can ca ego ise beha iou
by i s impac : in o hose wi h di ec impac (p i a e decisions, e.g. consump ion
decisions) and indi ec impac (decisions e.g. a ec ing public policies). Addi ionally,
he same schola ship sugges s ha i is use ul o acknowledge en i onmen ally
signi ican beha iou by i s in en . This highligh s ha ha ing o lacking an in en , a he
han impac , can be a cause o en i onmen al change; and ha some imes in en migh
no coincide wi h impac . The la e can be explained, among o he s, o example by
pa h dependencies om he exis ing beha iou o indi iduals (habi s, p e e ences),
social no ms (pee p essu e), and ins i u ional a angemen s (in as uc u e, policies,
laws, oppo uni ies) ha migh c ea e cons ain s o he in en o ma e ialise in o
impac .
O e all, biodi e si y and na u e ele an decision making (and beha iou ), whe e
indi iduals a e p ima y agen s, can be ca ego ised as ollows:
• Indi iduals’ in en ions/decisions o make own beha iou al adjus men s (e.g.
consump ion decisions) – p i a e sphe e decision making;
• Indi iduals’ willingness/decisions o suppo o oppose s ic e policies (e.g.
ha e a i udes in suppo o opposi ion o a ious policies) – non-ac i is
decision making/beha iou in public sphe e;
• Indi iduals’ willingness/decisions o in luence o he s mo e di ec ly (discussions
wi h amily, iends, engagemen in he communi y, joining a demons a ion,
unning o poli ical o ice, e c.) – ac i is decision making/beha iou in public
sphe e;
• Indi iduals’ willingness/decisions o in eg a e own belie s in ela ion o
na u e/biodi e si y in wo kplace (e.g. a chi ec s designing sus ainable buildings,
eache s in eg a ing na u e/biodi e si y in hei classes, e c.) – in eg a i e
decision making/beha iou a he in e sec ion o p i a e and public sphe e.
In e en ions o empowe ing you h wi h ocus on biodi e si y and na u e-
ela ed decision making
Ou hypo hesis is ha expe ien ial lea ning, games, exhibi ions, o o he e en s will
c ea e space and ools o he pa icipan s o 1) expe ience he impac o indi idual
decisions on o he s in a simula ed en i onmen ( o example, games), which is
o he wise e y di icul o expe ience o obse e in eal li e as we usually do no see
he impac o ou decisions on biodi e si y and o he s di ec ly – and hen how ha can
impac us can ake yea s and decades (see e.g. Falk e al., 2023); 2) unde s and he
ela ionships be ween case-speci ic in e sec ionali y (age, mig a ion, gende ) and
biodi e si y (see e.g. Zhang e al., 2022); 3) acili a e knowledge sha ing, awa eness
aising, c i ical discussions on he pe cep ions o young people in ci ies (Campbell-
A ai, 2018) pa icula ly ela ed o he ongoing biodi e si y c isis; and 4) in luence
pa icipan s’ in en o make imp o ed decisions on na u e and biodi e si y in he u u e.
O e all, he pa icipan s a e expec ed o become mo e empowe ed bo h di ec ly
(ha ing in e ac ions wi h pee s and decision-make s) and indi ec ly (lea ning
knowledge and skills ha can acili a e mo e ci il ac ion in he u u e).
35
Gene ally, he e is g owing e idence ha expe ien ial lea ning, pa icula ly h ough
ole-playing games (e.g. see a e iew o o e 50 games by Edwa ds e al., 2019) and
amed expe imen s (e.g. see a na a i e e iew by Janssen e al., 2023), imp o es
knowledge, inc eases social capi al, and empowe s communi ies in dealing wi h social-
en i onmen al dilemmas. One o he easons ci ed is he c ea ion o a sa e
en i onmen , whe e pa icipan s can expe imen wi h decisions and ins i u ional
a angemen s which in eal li e would be e y di icul o y, he eby le ing pa icipan s
de elop he i s imagina ion and expe iences o change.
Unde s anding and impac ing policies
Policy de elopmen s in u ban se ings a e also pa icula ly impo an in e ms o
whe he hey encou age inclusi e decision making – wi h di ec access o young
people in u ban se ings. U ban use policies can di e in how a hey in eg a e
inclusi e and pa icipa o y go e nance o e all, bu also speci ically in policies ela ed
o biodi e si y in u ban se ings. As an example, Campbell-A ai (2018) p o ides an
agg ega e analysis o he di e en app oaches o add ess biodi e si y in u ban se ing.
The ini ia i es, ac ions, s a egies and policies a e ca ego ised by h ee ypes o
subcomponen s: educa ion and enjoymen , landscaping o biodi e si y in u ban
se ings and sys ema ic ci y planning (see Table 1).
Table 1. Classi ica ion o app oaches o biodi e si y policies in u ban se ings (Ge many).
Sou ce: adap ed om Campbell-A ai (2018).
Educa ion and engagemen
( o mal + non- o mal)
Landscaping o
biodi e si y in u ban
se ings
Sys ema ic ci y planning
• Access o pa ks and
g eenspace
• Biodi e si y educa ion and
• In o ma i e p og ams:
awa eness
• In ol emen esiden s and
isi o s
• Tou ism engagemen wi h
biodi e si y use.
• School p og ams e.g.
ainga dens, wildli e
ga dens
• Ac i i ies wi h indi ec
bene i s, e.g. ecycling
• In e ac i e p og ams: a
and educa ional games
• Plan ing ees
• Low impac
de elopmen
• C ea ing heal hy
soil
• Wa e ea u es,
e.g. ponds, bi d
and bee ba hs
• Pe macul u e
• Cons uc ed
we lands
• Re-meande ing
i e s and
s eams
• Accoun abili y in
decision making
• In ol e communi ies in
decision making
• Inco po a e
biodi e si y in o all
aspec s o ci y
decision making
• Longe ime ame o
decision making
• Iden i y high alue
a eas and
pe manen ly p o ec
g een a eas in he ci y
• Da a collec ion and
moni o ing
• Iden i y less aluable
a eas o mul i-use
These essen ially ep esen a se o policies ha may o may no encou age
pa icipa o y and inclusi e app oaches o young people in u ban se ings. Few
empi ical in es iga ions ha e been conduc ed on he public pe cep ion o biodi e si y
36
in u ban se ings in Ge many. Ma hey e al. (2016) demons a e ha he numbe o
in es iga ions on he pe cep ion and alua ion o biodi e si y is inc easing apidly since
2010. Ye , in u ban se ings, hey iden i y ha he esea ch ocus is p edominan ly on
o malised u ban o es s and pa ks, while impo an in o mal g eenspaces (social
p ocesses a ound hem) a e la gely neglec ed. Ano he gap in his ield is ha
h oughou he e alua ion o public pe cep ion ha dly any s udy add esses he cul u al
di e si y o u ban inhabi an s, including socio-economic and cul u al di e ences
(Fische e al. (2018) being a a e example), e en less so wi h ocus on age g oups.
Li e a u e on his is e en mo e sca ce when i comes o he academic analysis o you h
pe cep ion o biodi e si y, in Ge many (wi h some exis ing s udies ocusing on
clima e – Bundesumwel minis e ium/Umwel bundesam , 2020), and o e all.
None heless, mul iple non-go e nmen al o ganisa ions and hink anks s a e ha
child en and you h a e inc easingly in e es ed in he heme o u ban biodi e si y,
cha ac e ised by a s ong a ini y o na u e and a desi e o p o ec i (Nöske & Zedda,
2013).
Since i s -hand expe ience wi h g een spaces and wildli e can be a sou ce o
expe ien ial lea ning abou and de eloping app ecia ion owa ds na u e and
biodi e si y, lessons om he in e en ions should be conside ed o ins i u ionalisa ion
pa icula ly wi hin he policies ha shape u ban g een spaces. Howe e , u ban a eas
o en p esen ba ie s o he app ecia ion o u ban biodi e si y. Fo example, ai and
noise pollu ion, lack o g een spaces, and high-densi y housing can make i di icul o
child en and you h o expe ience and app ecia e he na u al wo ld. In addi ion, u ban
a eas can be dange ous o wildli e (and ice e sa), wi h many species acing h ea s
om habi a loss, clima e change, and o he human ac i i ies, while cases o wildli e
posing h ea o u ban esiden s a e also well-known. Despi e hese challenges, he e
is e idence o sugges ha child en and you h a e in e es ed in and mo i a ed o lea n
abou na u e and biodi e si y in u ban se ings (Diels e al., 2022). Wi hin his case
s udy we will explo e o wha ex en some o he indings can be ins i u ionalised
pa icula ly wi hin he policies on u ban biodi e si y.
Re e ences
Bo ho, And ea, Mo awa, E a, Schug, Ca e ina & E im, Yesim (2022). Pe cei ed pos -
mig a ion disc imina ion: he pe spec i e o adolescen s wi h mig a ion
backg ound. Eu opean Child & Adolescen Psychia y, 1–12.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/s00787-022-02084-6
Bundesumwel minis e ium/Umwel bundesam (2020). Zukun ? Jugend agen!
Umwel , Klima, Poli ik, Engagemen – Was junge Menschen beweg . Be lin:
Bundesminis e ium ü Umwel , Na u schu z und nuklea e Siche hei (BMU).
h ps://www.umwel bundesam .de/en/publika ionen/zukun -jugend- agen
Campbell-A ai, Vic o ia (2019). Engaging u ban na u e: imp o ing ou unde s anding
o public pe cep ions o he ole o biodi e si y in ci ies. U ban Ecosys ems, 22,
409–423. h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/s11252-018-0821-3
Diels, Jana, Münsch, Ma lene & Tho un, Ch is ian (2020). Jugend und Konsum II:
Be eiligungs o ma e ü nachhal igen Konsum. (Repo No 79/2022). P ojec
3720163010/FB000864. Dessau-Roßlau: Umwel bundesam .
h p://www.umwel bundesam .de/publika ionen
Edwa ds, Pe e , Sha ma-Wallace, Lisa, W e o d, Ani a, Hol , Lania, C adock-Hen y,
Nicholas A., Flood, S ephen & Vela de, Sand a J. (2019). Tools o adap i e
43
ac o s and co ona y hea disease. A chi es o In e nal Medicine, 169(7),
659–669. DOI: 10.1001/a chin e nmed.2009.38.
Ren ing, Henk, Ma sden, Te y K. & Banks, Jo (2003). Unde s anding Al e na i e Food
Ne wo ks: Explo ing he Role o Sho Food Supply Chains in Ru al
De elopmen . En i onmen and Planning A: Economy and Space, 35(3), 393–
411. h ps://doi.o g/10.1068/a3510
Reynolds, K is in & Cohen, Ne in (2016). Beyond he Kale: U ban Ag icul u e and
Social Jus ice Ac i ism in New Yo k Ci y. New Yo k Ci y: Uni e si y o Geo gia
P ess.
Rose, Donald, Bodo , J. Nicholas, Swalm, Ch is M., Rice, Jane C., Fa ley, Thomas A.
& Hu chinson, Paul L. (2009). Dese s in New O leans? Illus a ions o u ban
ood access and implica ions o policy. New O leans: School o Public Heal h
and T opical Medicine, Uni e si y Tulane.
Shaw, Hilla y J. (2006). Food dese s: owa ds he de elopmen o a classi ica ion.
Geog a iska Annale : Se ies B, Human Geog aphy, 88(2), 231–247.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/j.0435-3684.2006.00217.x
S einwende , Da id, Exne , And eas, Ka ne , Sand a & Rai h, Di k ( o hcoming 2023).
CoopsFo Food: Add essing social exclusion o al e na i e ood p o ision
schemes. In: C i ical Issues in Science and Technology S udies. Con e ence
P oceedings o he 22nd STS Con e ence, 8–10 May 2023. G az: Ve lag de
Technischen Uni e si ä G az.
S einwende , Da id & Kien eich, Michael (2021). RESISTIRÉ: G een Space o i id
di e si y in he T ies e Neighbou hood. (Unpublished Final Repo ).
Walke , Renee E., Keane, Ch is ophe R. & Bu ke, Jessica G. (2010). Dispa i ies and
access o heal hy ood in he Uni ed S a es. A e iew o ood dese s li e a u e.
Heal h & Place, 16(5), 876–884.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.heal hplace.2010.04.013
Wilkins, Jenni e L. (2005). Ea ing Righ He e: Mo ing om Consume o Food Ci izen.
Ag icul u e and Human Values, 22, 269–273.
DOI: 10.1007/s10460-005-6042-4.
Win e , Michael (2003). Embeddedness, he new ood economy and de ensi e
localism. Jou nal o Ru al S udies, 19(1), 23–32.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00053-0

44
4.5 Ag icul u e, Religion and Biodi e si y. Swi ze land
Au ho s: Robe Home, Ghezal Sabi
Fa me s, by i ue o hei non-media ed engagemen wi h na u e h ough ag icul u al
ac i i ies, play a di ec ole in biodi e si y p ese a ion. The e a e cu en ly o e 50
housand a ms in Swi ze land co e ing an a ea o 10,500 km2 (Fede al S a is ical
O ice (FSO), 2019). Howe e , only 14% o he a ms we e o ganic a ms in 2018,
co e ing an a ea o less han 15% o o al ag icul u al land (FSO, 2019). Despi e
policies o p omo e o ganic a ming, con e sions om con en ional o o ganic a ming
ha e s agna ed o e he las decade (Home e al., 2018). This indica es ha he e is
mo e a play han simply ex e nal ac o s in luencing a ming decisions (Celio & G e -
Regamey, 2016).
The cen ali y o mo i a ions in in luencing indi iduals’ beha iou has been es ablished
(Michie e al., 2011). Moon and Cocklin (2011) w i e ha mo i a ion will be mo e
success ul in leading o he desi ed beha iou i incen i es o di ec i es a e ailo ed o
bo h complemen exis ing o in insic mo i a ions and o emo e ba ie s, which
equi es aligning measu es wi h he wo ld iew o a me s. This in u n equi es gaining
an unde s anding o hei wo ld iew. Siebe e al. (2006) w o e ha mos analyses o
biodi e si y p o ec ion by ag icul u e a e domina ed by neo-classical o a ional choice
beha iou , while less a en ion has been gi en o b oade s udy ha combines
indi idualis app oaches wi h cons uc s desc ibing he in luence o social no ms and
expec a ions. Home e al. (2018) sugges ed he impo ance o coun e ing he
pe cep ion among a me s ha na u e conse a ion is equal o non-p oduc i i y, which
can be achie ed by expanding he de ini ion o p oduc ion so ha p o iding he
condi ions o na u e is pe cei ed by a me s o be p oducing na u e, a he han simply
no p oducing. In ha s udy, hey ound ha he non- a ming pa ne (usually he wi e)
in he ypical amily un Swiss a m is no included in he day- o-day decisions on he
a m, bu hey a e s ongly in ol ed in he majo decisions, such as whe he o con e
o o ganic p oduc ion (Home e al., 2018). Fu he mo e, Lokho s e al. (2011) ha e
c i icised he obse ed endency o esea che s o measu e only a me s’ a i udes,
a he han o he cons uc s ha migh influence beha iou . An example o such a
cons uc is he ideology o he a me , which can be exp essed in hei eligion.
This alue-based case s udy will in es iga e he applica ion o eligion as a highe alue
ac o in luencing mo i a ion (Min on e al., 2015) o he aming o biodi e si y o
biodi e si y p omo ing a ming p ac ices. Mikusiński e al. (2014) call upon he scien i ic
communi y o a end o he po en ial o engaging ai h communi ies in na u e
conse a ion ia he mo al and e hical obliga ions embedded in eligious eachings.
Mo e elabo a ely, as pe Ha mu Rosa’s Theo y o Resonance (López-De lo y e al.,
2022), people’s expe ience o a good li e is a ained when hei expe iences ha e
ho izon al esonance along hei ela ionship wi h hei pee s, amily membe s and
communi y, diagonal esonance along objec s, ins i u ions, ac s like consump ion,
spo , wo k, and school, and e ical esonance along eligion, a , music and his o y.
Biodi e si y and i s a ious ex ensions o componen s ha e been in public discou se
o decades wi h inc eased p e alence in he las wo decades. How his discou se has
been amed and p esen ed in poli ics, academia, and he public media needs an in-
dep h examina ion. Speci ically, he ole o spi i uali y and eligious belie s on
biodi e si y has no been adequa ely explo ed. This lays he g ound o he case s udy.
45
I should be no ed ha ce ain spi i ual p ac ices ha e been employed o beha iou
change in e en ions wi h p omising e ec ega ding heal h (Isaac e al., 2016)
including die a y beha iou s (Mason e al., 2016). How i is and can be embedded in
biodi e si y p omo ing beha iou s, especially in he con ex o a ming p ac ices in
pa icula , equi e u he inqui y. Wi h Ch is iani y being he wo ld’s eligions wi h he
la ges numbe o ollowe s, 32% o he global popula ion, espec i ely (Jenik, 2021),
disco e ing e ec i e ways o le e aging ai h o encou age biodi e si y p omo ing
p ac ices can ha e subs an ial each.
The case s udy shall be guided by he ollowing ambi ions:
• Le e aging eligious o spi i ual belie s in es ablishing e ical esonance o
enhancing he adop ion o biodi e si y p omo ing beha iou s and a ming
p ac ices among a me s.
• C ea ing a pla o m ha can b ing di e en spi i ually d i en g oups oge he o
a common bene icial pu pose.
• Con ibu ing o be e unde s anding o e ec i e beha iou change echniques
in p omo ing biodi e si y in alue-based communi ies.
An in-dep h unde s anding o ai h-based mo i a ions ela ed o biodi e si y p omo ing
beha iou s will be explo ed o disco e le e age poin s o i s s eng hened up ake. To
achie e his he ollowing ac i i ies a e planned:
1. Disco e he unde lying mo i a ions and eligious/spi i ual belie s ela ed o
biodi e si y ela ed a ming p ac ices and pe sonal beha iou s o a me s;
2. U ilise an App ecia i e Inqui y app oach (C am, 2010) in conduc ing his s udy
allowing o he pa icipan s o sha e hei p ac ices and o e lec on how hey
can be s eng hened o suppo biodi e si y.
3. By way o in e en ion, we p opose using delibe a ion heo y (Bäch ige e al.,
2018) by in i ing a membe o each eligious g oup o p esen hei posi ion on
biodi e si y o o he g oups (so ha each g oup hea s h ee al e na i e
posi ions). Each g oup can hen e lec on hei in e p e a ions o hei mo al
code and hink abou whe he and wha p ac ices hey migh wan o adap in
ligh o he newly hea d pe spec i es.
Inequali ies – In e sec ionali y
Religion and gende a e he wo axes along which in e sec ionali y will be included in
his s udy. In Swi ze land, he majo i y o a ms a e managed by male a me s. Home
e al. (2018) iden i ied a gende dimension in on- a m biodi e si y conse a ion. The
majo i y o Swiss a me s being male is la gely due o he social s uc u es ha a ou
sons o e daugh e s in ques ions o a m inhe i ance. Hence, males a e mo e likely o
gain educa ion in ag icul u e, which indi ec ly means ha women ha e ewe
knowledge esou ces o pa icipa e in s a egic discussions. Less is known abou he
ela ionship be ween eligion and biodi e si y decisions. Swi ze land’s popula ion is
p edominan ly Ch is ian, wi h ca holic and p o es an he dominan doc ines,
depending on he egion. Mennoni es a e a mino i y g oup wi h a his o y o pe secu ion
in Swi ze land (Osbo ne, 2008). Mennoni e a me s who we e o ced o se le in high
al i udes may ha e a di e en iew o biodi e si y and ag icul u al p ac ices, which can
p o ide aluable indings in his s udy.
46
The iden i ied a me g oups ha will be app oached o u he ou unde s anding o
how he a o emen ioned dimensions in luence biodi e si y- ela ed beha iou , include
he ollowing:
1. Ch is liche Baue nbund Kan on S . Gallen, which is a Ca holic a me s’
associa ion (h ps://ka holische-baue n e einigung.ch/)
2. Baue nkon e enz Schweiz. A non-denomina ional Ch is ian a me s
associa ion, (bu mainly e o med)
(h ps://www.baue nkon e enz.ch/s a sei e/)
3. The g oup o na u e in e es ed a me s in F ick al egion in Swi ze land. This
g oup is no o e ly eligious and include a mix o o ganic and con en ional
a me s who a e in e es ed in he opic o p ac ices ha p omo e and/o p o ec
biodi e si y. (www.ig-nundl-ag.ch/)
4. Mennoni e a me s.
This s udy shall explo e pe asi e belie s, in e wined wi h gende no ms, in ela ion o
biodi e si y decisions and p ac ices.
Re e ences
Bäch ige , And e, D yzek, John. S., Mansb idge, Jane & Wa en, Ma k (2018).
Delibe a i e Democ acy. An In oduc ion. In: The Ox o d Handbook o
Delibe a i e Democ acy. And e Bäch ige , John S. D yzek, Jane Mansb idge
& Ma k Wa en (eds.). Ox o d: Ox o d Uni e si y P ess, pp. 1–31.
Celio, En ico & G ê -Regamey, Ad ienne (2016). Unde s anding a me s' in luence on
land-use change using a pa icipa o y Bayesian ne wo k app oach in a p e-
Alpine egion in Swi ze land. Jou nal o En i onmen al Planning and
Managemen , 59(11), 2079–2101.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/09640568.2015.1120713
C am, Fiona (2010). App ecia i e inqui y. Mai Re iew, 3(1), 1–13.
Edwa ds, Pe e J., Kollmann, Johanens & Wood, Da id (1999). The ag oecosys em
in he landscape: implica ions o biodi e si y and ecosys em unc ion. In:
Ag obiodi e si y: Cha ac e iza ion, U iliza ion and Managemen . Da id Wood
& Jillian M. Lenné (eds.). Walling o d: CABI, pp. 183–210.
Fede al S a is ical O ice (2019). Food and Ag icul u e. Pocke S a is ics 2019.
Fede al Depa men o Home A ai s (FDHA). Swiss Con ede a ion. A ailable
a : h ps://www.b s.admin.ch/b s/en/home/s a is ics/ca alogues-
da abases/publica ions.asse de ail.1112-1900.h ml (accessed Ap il 26,
2023).
Home, Robe , Inde muehle, Annina, Tschanz, Anna, Ries, Elke & S olze, Ma hias
(2018). Fac o s in he decision by Swiss a me s o con e o o ganic
a ming. Renewable Ag icul u e and Food Sys ems, 34(6), 1–11.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1017/S1742170518000121
Isaac, Ka hleen, Hay, Jenni e & Lube kin, E ica (2016). Inco po a ing spi i uali y in
p ima y ca e. Jou nal o Religion and Heal h, 55(3), 1065–1077.
DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0190-2.
Jenik, Clai e (2021). The Wo ld's La ges Religious G oups O e Time. A ailable a :
h ps://www.s a is a.com/cha /25572/wo lds-la ges - eligious-g oups-o e -
ime/ (accessed Ma ch 21, 2023).
47
Lokho s , Anne Ma ike, S aa s, Henk, an Dijk, Je y, an Dijk, E ic & de Snoo, Gee
(2011). Wha 's in i o me? Mo i a ional di e ences be ween a me s'
subsidised and non-subsidised conse a ion p ac ices. Applied Psychology,
60(3), 337–353. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2011.00438.x
López-De lo y, Camelia, Pe on, Amélie & Mi ó-Bone , Ma galida (2022). Social
accele a ion, aliena ion, and esonance: Ha mu Rosa's w i ings applied o
nu sing. Nu sing inqui y, 30(2), e12528. DOI: 10.1111/nin.12528.
Mason, Ashley E., Epel, Elissa S., K is elle , Jean, Mo an, Pa icia J., Dallman, Ma y,
Lus ig, Robe . H., … & Daubenmie , Jenni e (2016). E ec s o a mind ulness-
based in e en ion on mind ul ea ing, swee s consump ion, and as ing glucose
le els in obese adul s: da a om he SHINE andomized con olled ial.
Jou nal o Beha io al Medicine, 39(2), 201–213.
DOI: 10.1007/s10865-015-9692-8.
Michie, Susan, an S alen, Maa je M. & Wes , Robe (2011). The beha iou change
wheel: a new me hod o cha ac e ising and designing beha iou change
in e en ions. Implemen a ion Science, 6(1), 42.
DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-6-42.
Mikusiński, G zego z, Possingham, Hugh P. & Blicha ska, Malgo za a (2014).
Biodi e si y p io i y a eas and eligions – a global analysis o spa ial o e lap.
O yx, 48(1), 17–22. DOI: 10.1017/S0030605312000993.
Min on, Elizabe h A., Kahle, Lynn R. & Kim, Chung-Hyun (2015). Religion and mo i es
o sus ainable beha io s: a c oss-cul u al compa ison and con as . Jou nal o
Business Resea ch, 68(9), 1937–1944.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jbus es.2015.01.003
Moon, Ka ie & Cocklin, Ch is (2011). Pa icipa ion in biodi e si y conse a ion:
mo i a ions and ba ie s o Aus alian landholde s. Jou nal o Ru al S udies,
27(3), 331–342. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.j u s ud.2011.04.001
Osbo ne, T oy Da id (2008). Wo hy o he Tole ance They’d been Gi en: Du ch
Mennoni es, Repu a ion, and Poli ical Pe suasion in he Se en een h and
Eigh een h Cen u ies. A chi e o Re o ma ion His o y, 99(1), 256–279.
h ps://doi.o g/10.14315/a g-2008-0111
Robinson, Robe A. & Su he land, William J. (2002). Pos -wa changes in a able
a ming and biodi e si y in G ea B i ain. Jou nal o Applied Ecology, 39(1),
157–176. h ps://doi.o g/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00695.x
Siebe , Rosema ie, Toogood, Ma k & Knie im, And ea (2006). Fac o s a ec ing
Eu opean a me s’ pa icipa ion in biodi e si y policies. Sociologia Ru alis,
46(4), 318–340. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2006.00420.x
48
5 Limi a ions o he me hodological amewo k
Au ho s: Ani a Thale , Sand a Ka ne
The me hodological amewo k is speci ically co-c ea ed o PLANET4B biodi e si y
case s udies wi h an in e sec ional lens. This means he in e en ion le el in his epo
add esses p edominan ly he indi idual espec i ely local lea ning communi y le el. As
he case s udies ha e no been ca ied ou now, he ansla ion o case s udies esul s
in o policy in e en ions, which a e in o med hen by in e sec ionali y, is no pa o his
epo .
Ano he limi a ion is he po en ial lack o analysis o sys emic causes o inequi ies
based on in e sec ionali y ( his lies wi hin he espec i e case s udies, and can only be
e alua ed a a la e poin o he p ojec ).
A weakness iden i ied du ing he co-c ea ion wo kshops, he missing connec ion o he
na u e-based case s udies o a biodi e si y in e en ion, could be add essed in he
upcoming local lea ning communi y ac i i ies. The openness o he case s udies in his
ega d could also wo k as a possibili y o pa icipan s o he local lea ning communi ies
o shape he esea ch ques ions and scope, and gain co-owne ship in he p ocess.
Las ly ano he limi a ion o he p oposed me hodological amewo k is he agueness
how (using which heo y o change) exac ly he in e sec ional lens can suppo
changes in beha iou and sys ems conce ning biodi e si y.
6 Conclusion and ou look
Au ho s: Ani a Thale , Sand a Ka ne
Rising inequali ies, clima e change, and biodi e si y loss a e named as ends which
a e cu en ly mo ing u he away om he goals and a ge s o he 2030 Agenda o
Sus ainable De elopmen (Independen G oup o Scien is s, 2019). The ecogni ion o
in e connec ions be ween biodi e si y loss and ising inequali ies is a he cen e o
PLANET4B and his me hodological amewo k o in e sec ional analysis.
The knowledge co-c ea ion app oach p esen ed in his epo began wi h a li e a u e
e iew on in e sec ionali y in biodi e si y esea ch, which in o med co-c ea ion
wo kshops wi h pa ne s o i e case s udies (in he ields o inclusi e na u e ec ea ion
and ou doo ac i i ies, u ban biodi e si y and ood, and biodi e se ag icul u e), which
led o imp o ed case s udy li e a u e e iews, and an o e all amewo k o doing
biodi e si y case s udies wi h an in e sec ional lens. On a p ocess le el, he co-c ea ion
wo kshops helped no only o ge a g ea e awa eness on in e sec ional issues, bu
also o plan he case s udies in mo e de ail.
Using ou p oposed in e sec ional pe spec i e o es ablish biodi e si y lea ning
communi ies and policy discou ses aiming a en i onmen al and social jus ice can also
be used by o he esea ch p ojec s.
The i s me hodological s ep in his amewo k is he use o in e sec ionali y o he
sel - e lexi i y o esea che s. Re lec ing on one’s own p i ileges and expe iences o

49
disc imina ion and shame is a di icul exe cise o esea che s. I con es s all ideas o
objec i i y and dis ance o he ield by posi ioning onesel wi hin one’s own esea ch
con ex .
A second s ep in case s udies es ablishing local lea ning communi ies, is using an
in e sec ional pe spec i e o app oaching ac o s by connec ing o po en ial
pa icipan s and building us . Being awa e o he si ua edness o knowledges means
o alue all knowledges and enable co-c ea ion wi hin he case s udy.
A hi d s ep is he ac ual biodi e si y case s udy esea ch wi h an in e sec ional
app oach, which uses mul iple knowledges and hus o e s possibili ies o e- hinking
and po en ially changing ela ions be ween humans and na u e.
The o e iew o li e a u e on in e sec ionali y in and useable o biodi e si y esea ch
and he co-c ea ed amewo k will be used in he upcoming PLANET4B case s udies,
and also build a solid basis o u u e publica ions on he e y opic: How can
biodi e si y esea ch use in e sec ionali y as a p ac ical app oach o include di e se
ac o s and aim o mul ispecies jus ice?
50
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