ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) OF WORLD BANK FINANCED SIDDHIRGANJ 450MW COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT (CCPP) PROJECT SIDDHIRGANJ, NARAYANGAJ

POWER CELL, POWER DIVISION MINISTRY OF POWER, ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES GOVERNMENT OF BANGLADESH ELECTRICITY GENERATION COMPANY OF BANGLADESH LIMITED (EGCB Ltd.) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) OF WORLD BANK FINANCED SIDDHIRGANJ 450MW COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT (CCPP) PROJECT SIDDHIRGANJ, NARAYANGAJ PREPARED BY DR. M N NEWAZ, ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST SIDDHRIGANJ 450MW CCPP PROJECT, SIDDHIRGANJ, NARAYANGANJ, BANGLADESH. FINAL REPORT Volume 1: EIA of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP EGCB Ltd. LEVEL 8, 7-9 KAWRAN BAZAR, DHAKA-1215 December, 2010 Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized E2637 V1 EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS (TOC)................................PageNo. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................... CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION................................................................... 6 1.1. Background ....................................................................... .................................... 6 1.2. Project Location and accessibility ...................................................................... 7 1.3. The allotted land for proposed project .............................................................. 9 1.4. Project benefit ...................................................................................................... 9 1.5. EIA approval status ............................................................................................. 9 1.6. Methodology ........................................................................................................ 10 1.7 EIA report structure ..................................................................................... 11 1.8. EIA Team ............................................................................................................. 12 CHAPTER-2: REVIEW OF RELEVANT REGULATIONS ...................... 13 2.1. National Industrial Policy, 1991 ....................................................................... 13 2.2 National Environmental Policy 1992 ................................................................. 13 2.3. National Energy Policy 1995 ............................................................................. 13 2.4. National Land-use Policy -2001 ........................................................................ 14 2.5. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995 & Environment Conservation Rules 1997 .......................................................................................... 14 2.5.1. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act (ECA) 1995 amended 2002. ........ 14 2.5.2 Environment Conservation Rules (ECR) 1997 amended 2003. ......................... 15 2.5.3. Obtaining Environmental Clearance ................................................................ 15 2.6. Other Relevant Acts ........................................................................................... 18 2.6.1. Bangladesh Labour Act (2006) ........................................................................ 18 2.6.2. East Bengal Protection and Conservation of Fish Act 1950 (Amended 1982) . 18 2.6.3. Bangladesh Industrial Act 1974 ........................................................................ 18 2.7. World Bank Operational Policies and procedures/ guidelines ...................... 19 2.7.1. Relevant safeguard policies ............................................................................. 20 2.7.1.1. OP 4.01-Environmental Assessment ........................................................ 20 2.7.1.2. 4.04-Natural habitat .................................................................................. 20 2.7.1.3. OP 4.20 Cultural property ........................................................... .............. 20 2.8. International Conventions ................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER-3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................... 22 3.1. Description of the project site ........................................................................... 22 3.2. Existing major infrastructure within Siddhirganj Power Plant complex..... 22 3.3. Transportation to the project site for construction activities ........................ 22 3.4. Life cycle overview ............................................................................................. 23 3.4.1 Construction phase ............................................................................. ............... 23 3.4.2. Operation and maintenance phase .................................................................. 26 3.4.3. Decommissioning ............................................................................................. 27 3.5. Technology selection and configuration of the Project ................................ 27 3.6. Project components ............................................................................................ 27 3.7. Power plant components ................................................................................... 27 Description of Combined Cycle Power Plant ............................................................ 28 3.7.1. Gas Turbine ......................................... .............................................................. 28 3.7.2. Steam Turbine Unit ................................................... ....................... ............... 29 3.7.3. Combined-Cycle Power Plant Cooling Water System ..................................... 29 3.7.3.1. High and Low Pressure Steam System ..................................................... 31 3.7.3.2. Feed water System and Main Condensate System .................................... 31 3.7.3.3.WaterTreatment System .............................................................................. 31 EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 2 3.7.3.4. Tests for Water and Steam Cycle............................................................... 32 3.7.3.5. Waste Water Treatment System (Treatment and Discharge of Wastewater) ............................................................................................................ 32 3.7.4.Generators and Systems for Power Output ....................................................... 32 3.7.4.1.Generator Facilities .................................................................................... 32 3.7.5. Automation and Control System ...................................................................... 33 3.7.5.1. Level of Automation .................................................................................. 33 3.7.5.2. Main Control Room .................................................................................. 33 3.7.6. Fuel System ...................................................................................................... 33 3.7.7. Compressed Air System .................................................................................... 34 3.7.8. Safety System (Preservation) of the Project .................................................... 34 3.8. Power evacuation system ................................................................................... 34 3.9 ANCILLARY SERVICES AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT .... 34 3.9.1. Site development ............................................................................................... 34 3.9.2. Demolition work ............................................................................................... 35 3.9.3. Civil, Structural, and Building Works ............................................................ 37 3.9.3.1. General Design Criteria .......................................................................... 37 3.9.3.2. Scope of Civil Work .................................................................................. 37 3.9.3.3. Architectural and Structural works .......................................................... 37 3.9.3.4. Roads and Hardstandings ........................................................................ 38 3.9.3.5. Transformer Foundation .......................................................................... 38 3.9.3.6. Cable Trenches and Pipe Racks ................................................................ 38 3.9.3.7. Landscaping .............................................................................................. 39 3.9.3.8. Drainage and Domestic and Industrial Wastewater ................................ 39 3.9.3.9. Water Supply ............................................................................................. 39 3.9.3.10. Mechanical Building Services and Fire Protection ................................. 39 3.9.4. Excavation of land and foundation work. ......................................................... 39 3.10. Off site components .......................................................................................... 40 3.10.1. Gas transmission lines ................................................................................... 40 3.10.2. 230 KV Power distribution lines and substations ......................................... 40 3.11. Domestic waste disposal ......................... .......................................................... 40 3.12. Surface drainage control ................................................................................. 40 3.13. Accident control system ................................................................................... 40 3.14. Traffic control .................................................................................................. 40 CHAPTER-4: BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ................ 41 4.1. Project Region .................................................................................................... 41 4.1.1 Project location and land Area ......................................................................... 41 4.1.2. Existing land use pattern .................................................................... ............... 41 4.1.3. Physiographic and Hydro-geographic Regions .............................................. 42 4.2. Project site: land condition ................................................................................ 42 4.2.1. Topography ....................................................................................................... 42 4.2.2. Geology and Soil characteristics of the project area........................................ 44 4.2.3. Seismicity .......................................................................................................... 47 4.3. Atmospheric condition ....................................................................................... 47 4.3.1. Climate .............................................................................................................. 47 4.3.2 Rainfall ............................................................................................................... 47 4.3.3 Ambient Air Temperature ..................... .............................................................. 49 4.3.4 Relative Humidity ............................................................................................... 50 4.3.5 Wind Speeds and Direction ................................................................................ 50 4.4. Ambient air quality ............................................................................................ 51 4.5. Ambient Noise .................................................................................................... 52 EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 3 4.6. Hydrological condition ...................................................................................... 53 4.6.1. Surface water .................................................................................................... 53 4.6.1.1. Sitalakhya River water level ...................................................................... 56 4.6.1.2. Sitalakhya River water flow ....................................................................... 56 4.6.2. Drinking water .................................................................................................. 57 4.7. Biological Features ............................................................................................. 58 4.7.1. Terrestrial Flora (including Forests)................................................................ 58 4.7.2. Terrestrial Fauna (including Forests and wildlife) .......................................... 59 4.7.3. Aquatic and wetland species (Flora and fauna) ............................................. 60 4.7.4. Endangered species (Flora and fauna) ............................................................. 61 4.8. Archeological, historical and cultural sites/resources and sensitive areas ... 61 CHAPTER-5: PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS .............................................. 62 5.1. Approach and methods ...................................................................................... 62 5.2. Findings of the public consultation ................................................................... 62 CHAPTER-6: ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS .............................................. 64 6.1. Introductory description ................................................................................... 64 6.2. Criteria for choosing suitable well site ............................................................. 64 6.3 Project location .............................................................................................. 64 6.4. Technology options ............................................................................................ 64 6.5. Alternative site selection analysis ..................................................................... 64 6.5.1. Description of alternative sites that border each other is shown in Fig-6.1 &- 6.2. ............................................................................................................................... 64 6.6. Analysis of alternative site selection ................................................................. 66 6.7. No project scenario ....................................................................................... 67 6.7.1. Merits of Combined Cycle Power Plant .......................................................... 67 CHAPTER-7: IDENTIFICATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ..................................................................................................... 70 7.1. Environmental impacts during project sitting and development .................. 70 7.1.1. Impacts on land and soil ................................................................................... 70 7.1.2. Impact on Air .................................................................................................... 71 7.1.3. Impact on Surface water ................................................................................... 71 7.1.4. Impact on Ground water ................................................................................... 72 7.1.5. Impacts on socio-economic condition ............................................................... 73 7.1.6. Impacts on biological resources ....................................................................... 73 7.1.7. Impacts due to Noise and vibration .................................................................. 73 7.2. Environmental impacts during Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP construction phase ..................................................................................................................................... 74 7.2.1. Impacts on land and soil ................................................................................... 74 7.2.2. Impacts on Air ................................................................................................... 74 7.2.3. Impacts on surface water .................................................................................. 75 7.2.4. Impact on Ground water ................................................................................... 75 7.2.5. Impact due to noise and vibration ...................................................... ............... 75 7.2.6. Impacts on socioeconomic conditions . .............................................................. 75 7.2.7. Impacts on the biological resources ................................................................. 76 7.3. Environmental impacts during 450 MW CCPP operation phase ................. 76 7.3.1. Impact on land and soil ..................................................................................... 76 7.3.2. Impact on Air .................................................................................................... 76 7.3.3. Impact on surface water and ground water ...................................................... 78 7.3.4. Impact due to noise and vibration ...................................................... ............... 79 7.3.5. Impact on biological resources ......................................................................... 80 EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 4 7.3.6. Impact on socio-economic condition ................................................................ 81 7.4. Application of Impact Assessment Methods .................................................... 81 7.4.1. Impact Assessment Methods general ................................................................ 81 7.4 .2. Review of DOE guidelines for Impact Assessment Methods. ........................... 82 7.4.3. Matrix ................................................................................................................ 83 7.4.4. Potential Environmental Impacts of the project activities ................................ 84 CHAPTER-8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION PLAN ............................................................................................................ 87 8.1 SCOPE OF EMP ........................................................................................... 87 8.2. Potential impacts and mitigation measures during project period ............... 88 8.3 Institutional arrangement and environmental monitoring plan .................... 98 8.3.1. Institutional framework ................................................................................. 98 8.3.2. Environmental monitoring plan .................................................................... 101 8.3.2.1 Monitoring Parameters ......................................................................... 102 8.3.2.1.1. Construction Phase: ........................................................................... 102 8.3.2.1.2. Operational Phase: ............... ............................................................ 103 8.3.2.2. Monitoring Schedule ............................................................................... 105 8.3.2.3.. Report Implementation Schedule .......................................................... 108 8.3.2.4. Estimated environmental monitoring cost ............................................. 109 8.3.3. Environmental Management Training ........................................................... 110 8.3.4. Strengthening of EMU for implementation of EMP .................................... 111 8.3.5. The environmental monitoring and mitigation cost ..................................... 112 8.4. Waste management .......................................................................................... 113 8.5. Occupational health and safety ....................................................................... 117 8.5.1. Health Hazards management .......................................................................... 117 8.5.2. Precaution during work in Confined Spaces .......................................... 118 8.5.3. Hazardous Material Handling and Storage ............................................ 118 8.5.4. OHS Record Keeping and Reporting ...................................................... 119 8.6. Storage Facilities for Chemicals, Fuel, Oil and Grease ................................ 120 8.6.1 Oil Storage Facilities (generic information and can not be quoted) ............ 120 8.6.2 Oil Leaks and Drainage Systems (generic information and can not be quoted) ................................................................................................................................... 121 8.7. House Keeping .................................................................................................. 121 8.8. Emergency Fire Fighting ................................................................................. 122 8.10 Chance-Find Procedures for Physical Cultural Property ........................... 122 CHAPTER-9: RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ................. 123 9.1 Introductory description ............................................................................ 123 9.2 Power Plant Risks Assessment ................................................................... 123 9.3 Managing the Risks ..................................................................................... 125 9.4 Emergency Response Plan .......................................... ................................ 125 9.4.1 Emergency Response Cell ................................................................................ 126 9.4.2 Emergency Preparedness .......................................................................... 126 9.4.3 Fire Fighting Services ............................................................................... 127 9.4.4 Emergency Medical Services .................................................................... 127 9.4.5 Rescue Services ......................................................................................... 128 9.4.6 Security Services ....................................................................................... 128 9.4.7 Public Relations Services .......................................................................... 129 9.5 Concluding Remarks regarding risk management .................................. 129 CHAPTER-10: CO-ORDINATION WITH VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 130 EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 5 CHAPTER-11: BENEFICIAL IMPACTS, ENHANCEMENT AND PROJECT ENHANCEMENT POTENTIAL ............................................. 131 CHAPTER-12: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........... 132 CHAPTER-13: REFERENCE .................................................................... 133 ANNEX- i LIST OF ANNEXES ANNEX-I: TOR for EIA..................................................................... ANNEX-II: EIA Team..................................................................... ANNEX-III: Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plant-2008. ANNEX-IV: DOE standards for drinkinmg water ........................................... ANNEX-V: DOE standards for industrial emission ......................................... ANNEX-VI: DOE Standards for ambient air quality ....................................... ANNEX-VII: DOE standards for noise level ................................................... ANNEX-VIII: DOE standards for surface water quality ................................. ANNEX-IX: Detailed list of flora within 5 Km of the project area ................. ANNEX-X: Detailed list of fauna within 5 Km of the project area ................. ANNEX-XI: List of endangered species of Bangladesh .................................. ANNEX-XII: Socio-economic survey and FGD participants list .................... ANNEX-XIII: DOE Standards for industrial and sewage discharges ANNEX-XIV: .EMU of EGCB.................................................................... ANNEX-XV: Fire fighting equipment list................................................. EGCB Ltd. Social Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 i List of Tables Table-ES-1. Institutional roles and responsibilities Table-2.1. Air and noise emission levels as specified in Table-6 (B), page 21 of WB EHS-2008 (in mg/Mm3 or as indicated) 21 Table-3.1. Water abstraction calculation based on lean period 30 Table-4.1. Distribution of different land use within 1km of the project impact area 42 Table-4.2. Physical properties of soil of the Siddhirganj project impact area 44 Table 4.3. Chemical characters of soil sample collected from project impact area 45 Table-4.4. Year wise-monthly average rainfall of recent years from 20002009 (mm) 48 Table-4.5. Year wise-monthly maximum temperature of project area from 2000-2009 (°C) 49 Table-4.6. Year wise-Monthly minimum temperature of project area from 2000-2009 (°C) 49 Table-4.7. Year wise-Monthly maximum relative humidity of project area (2000-2009) (%) 50 Table-4.8. Year wise-Monthly minimum relative humidity of project area (2000-2009) (%) 50 Table -4.9. Monthly average wind speed (m/s) and prevailing wind direction at project area (2000-2009) 51 Table 4.10. Ambient air quality of the proposed plant site 52 Table-4.11. Monthly average of ambient ozone (O3) recorded in CAMS (BARC), Dhaka in ppb. 52 Table-4.12. Noise level within the power plant complex 52 Table 4.13. Baseline surface Water Quality of Sitalakhya river and pond 53 Table-4.14. River water quality at Siddhirganj point of Shitalakhya river, Siddhirganj, Narayanganj. 55 Table 4.15. Water level of the Sitalakhya river 56 Table 4.16. Flow at the Sitalakhya River (m3/s) 57 Table 4.17. Drinking Water Quality of tube well within Siddhirganj power plant complex 58 EGCB Ltd. Social Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 ii Table 4.18. Reptiles and amphibians species reported from the project area 59 Table 4.19. Religious and cultural sites of the project impact area 61 Table 4.20. Archaeological heritage and relics of the impact area 61 Table-5.1. Brief extract of public consultation 63 Table-6.1. Analysis for selection of suitable alternate site 67 Table-7.1. Project activities and potential negative impacts for 450 MW CCPP construction 84 Table 8.1. Potentially significant environmental impact during construction and operation phase and their mitigation measures 88 Table-8.2. Institutional roles and responsibilities 100 Table 8.3. Monitoring activities during construction and operation phase of the project. 105 Table 8.4. The schedules of environmental monitoring reports 108 Table-8.5. The price of different environmental monitoring equipments (for ten years time). 109 Table 8.6. Total cost estimate for training (indicative price) 111 Table-8.7. Environmental monitoring and mitigation cost per month 112 Table8.8. Types and sources of domestic wastes 115 Table 8.9. Wastes from construction and operation of power plants 116 EGCB Ltd. Executive summary-Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 vi EIA Methodology Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a tool used to identify the potential impacts of a proposed project on the environment and also suggests appropriate mitigation measure for sustainable management of the environment. The results of the EIA study are used for decision making in balancing the goals of the proponent and those of the project stakeholders. ES-2. Legislative requirement and EIA status Department of Environment (DOE) under Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF) is the responsible agency for issuing environmental approval for any project in Bangladesh including the proposed power plant. According to the Environment Conservation Rules (ECR, 1997), proposed power plant (installation of 450 MW CCPP within Siddhirganj power plant compound, Narayanganj location) falls under “RED category” and needs to submit necessary documents for obtaining site clearance from Department of Environment (DoE) and also an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to the DoE for Environmental Clearance. Similarly according to the World Bank Operational Policy (1999, OP 4.01), this project has been classified as an Environmental category-A project, requiring an Environmental Assessment for the construction and operation of the project with recommendations for appropriate mitigation and management measures. In 2006 on the basis of GOB’s previous decision for construction of 2×150 MW PPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex, EGCB Ltd. applied to Department of Environment (DOE) for exemption of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), issuance of site clearance and approval of Terms of reference (TOR) for EIA of the proposed 2×150 MW PPP. Subsequently in 2007, DOE has exempted IEE, issued site clearance as the site is within EGCB Ltd. owned power plant complex and also approved TOR for the EIA of the proposed 2×150 MW PPP (DOE/Clearance/2341/2006/111, dated 16-1-2007). On the basis of the above noted progress, Power Cell, under MPEMR proceeded to meet the regulatory requirement of both GOB (ECR-1997) and WB operation policy (1999, OP 4.01) and accordingly conducted a full scale EIA for 2×150 MW PPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj and submitted to DOE which was reviewed and approved in 2007 (DOE/Dh. Div./Clearance/14391/2002/3291, dated 13-12-2007). Recently GOB further planned to construct Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP as noted above in the same earmarked place of initially proposed 2×150 MW gas turbine peaking power plant within the Siddhirganj power plant complex. Under the current situation, a full scale Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study needs to be conducted and submit report to WB to meet their requirement as they consider it as a separate application from Bangladesh for a new project. Simultaneously a copy is needed to be submitted to DOE as an addendum of the previous EIA report of 2×150 MW PPP for acknowledgement and to meet the requirements of clearance clauses. This addendum will help to identify potential environmental and social impacts due to change in the project EGCB Ltd. Executive summary-Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 vii capacity including machineries and suggests appropriate mitigation and management measures for sustainable environmental growth and development. The power cell, Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources has appointed an individual consultant (including his team) to conduct EIA study and prepare an independent EIA report for construction and operation of the currently proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP located at Siddhirganj covering both DoE and WB guidelines including Safeguards Policies and Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants-2008 (Annex-II) and their requirements in consultation with Environmental Manager (heading Environmental Management Unit) of EGCB Ltd. ES-3. Project description The proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project is located at Siddhirganj power generation complex on the western bank of Sitalakhya River within Siddhirganj Pourashava, under Narayanganj district. The entire power plant complex is completely enclosed, covers an area of about 88 acres and is owned by Power Development Board (PDB), under MPEMR, GOB. PDB has handed over required land of about 9.24 acres to EGCB Ltd., within Siddhirganj Power Plant Complex area for implementation, construction and operation of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. For transportation of heavy components of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CC Power Plant from Chittagong Port to site, river transportation is the only solution. Since the plant is located by the side of the Sitalakhya River, a suitable jetty will have to be constructed and the heavy parts will be transported by barge and unloaded at site by using the jetty. Crane with appropriate handling capacity will be organized either at site or brought with the barge for unloading the cargoes. During transportation of heavy equipment for the proposed project the EPC contractor shall follow WB Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Shipping (April-2007) and also related GOB regulations. Power plant project components The proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project includes the following: In site facilities- (a) Plant facility comprising 01gas turbines, 01 HRSG set up, 01 steam turbine, generator, transformer and ancillary facilities. (b) Water Treatment plant (to clean the water to the standards needed by the plant) (c) Effluent treatment plant (ETP) (to treat water used by the plant before discharging to the river) (d) Cooling Tower EGCB Ltd. Executive summary-Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 viii (e) Circulating Pump House (f) Switch room (g) Emergency generator and transformers Civil structures- (h) Generator and Substation Control room, administration, amenities, and workshop facility if necessary (i) Fire protection tank, water tank and septic tank. (j) Construction of internal roads (k) Security fencing and gatehouse. Offsite facilities- (l) High voltage switchyard (m) CW Pump House (n) The 11 km 230 KV line-to be implemented by PGCB (not included in this EIA) (o) 60 km gas transmission line-to be implemented by GTCL (not included in this EIA) The proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj is a combined cycle gas turbine generator which would evacuate power to the existing 132 KV transmission line already existing or to the under construction 230KV transmission line through the grid substation owned by the Power Grid Company Bangladesh. ES-4. Description of existing baseline information Socio-economic condition The project site is located in the Siddhirganj Pourashava within Narayanganj district under Dhaka Division. The Narayanganj district is divided in to five thanas. These are Bandar, Narayanganj sadar, Sonargaon, Rupganj and Demra under Narayanganj district. The project area is an industrial site in the eastern outskirt of the Dhaka city. The Siddhirganj is a semi-urban area where most of the population is engaged in industrial and commercial activities. The area is economically very active. The project area is mostly consists of people of middle and lower middle class. Total household and population of project impact area for 2009 (based on the BBS-2001 and projected to 2009) is 522429 and 2306890 with average household size 4.4, which is lower than the national average of 5.4. The total land area of Narayanganj district is about 759.57 km2. Existing land use Existing land use around 5km of the project site was determined by on screen digitizing and extensive ground truthing GPS (Global Positioning System). The project impact area is mostly occupied with heavy industries such as Siddhirganj power plant complex, EGCB Ltd. Executive summary-Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 ix Adamjee EPZ complex, Silo project etc. In addition, there is a massive settlement in the residential area adjacent to industrial installations including some water bodies and agricultural lands which are used for cultivation of crops. Geology Geology of Bangladesh is generally dominated by poorly consolidated sediments deposit over the past 10,000 to 15,000 years (Holocene age). Unconsolidated sediments underlie the whole study area. These are of two ages: pleistocne and Holocene (recent). The North part of the study area is known as Modhupur tract. There are compact clays, previously called Pleistocene clays, but now called Modhupur clay. These clays have been uplifted techtonically. Atmospheric condition Climate, rainfall and temperature The region has a tropical climate with three main seasons-the hot and humid summer, the rainy season and the mild and relatively dry winter. The climate of Bangladesh exhibits pronounced seasonal variability associated with monsoon winds-predominantly from the south west during summer, from the north-west during winter and light including variable during spring and autumn. Rainy season generally extends from May to October. Winter and summer seasons are distributed from November-February and from March-May respectively. About 85% of the rain drops during this rainy season. The mean annual rainfall in the area varies from 1700 mm to 2800 mm, with peak rainfall occurring in June, July and August during recent years (2000-2009). Maximum average temperature of 36.66°C was observed in May and minimum average temperature was 10.28°C in January over the recent years (2000-2009). Ambient air quality Air quality in the Siddhirganj Pourashava is measured during Environmental study. The air quality data measured during 14-9-2010 to 15-9-2010 for 24 hours at the Siddhirganj power plant complex. It shows that SPM, PM10, NOX and SO2 ambient concentrations are low compared to the GOB Air Quality Standard (Annex-IV). Noise level The EIA Team (Environmental Team) has measured the sound level from 14-9-2010 and 15-9-2010 during day and night time. Noise quality has been measured instantly on the side by noise meter. At each location 10 to 12 times reading were taken for two days (24 hours/day) within Siddhirganj power plant complex. The data shows that the noise level is within limit of GOB (DOE) guidelines (Annex-V). EGCB Ltd. Executive summary-Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 x Hydrology The project site is a part of the Sitalakhya River system, which ultimately connected to other surrounding main rivers such as Balu, Daleshwari, Buriganga and lead to Meghna river system. Sitalakhya River system is connected by large number of tributaries which are flowing water from the surrounding rivers system and is also connected with khals/canals from areas surrounding the 450 MW CCPP project site. The main sources of water flows in these rivers are rainfall during the wet season. Both stream velocity and water levels remain high in the wet season, which drops down significantly in the dry season. The proposed plant will extract from and discharge water to the Sitalakhya River as well as use it for transporting heavy machinery. Surface water The Environmental Team has collected water of Sitalakhya river, pond, and the samples were tested in the laboratory. The test results indicate that the river water found clean during wet season (from May-September) when flow of water also increased. Water level data of the Sitalakhya for the period 1988-2009 shows that the maximum levels at high tide and low tide level is found as 6.93 and 6.90 m, respectively in the year 1998 whereas minimum water levels at high and low tide periods are 0.92 and 0.63 m receptively as found in 1995. The flow of Sitalakhya River at Demra site is affected by tides. The maximum discharge of 2742 m3/sec was measured on 9th September 1998, while, the minimum discharge of 195 m3/sec was recorded on 10th June, 2002. The water modelling study conducted by IWM in 2007 stated that the water flow during extreme lean period at Siddhirganj complex area was 127 m3/sec. Drinking water Tube well water on or near project site will supply construction and later workers in the plant. Drinking water quality is measured during base line studies. The tube well water within 1km and 5 km were collected on 30-10-2010 and tested in the SRDI laboratory, Dhaka. The test results indicate that the water quality is good and within the acceptable value of GOB and WHO. Flora and fauna The project area is distributed with local common plant and animal species. High density of plant species in the homesteads is observed within 5km of the project site. Some aquatic plant species are distributed in the ponds, ditches and marshland area. The project area is rich in distribution of animal species because of the complex habitat assemblage in small areas. Majority of animal groups use more than one habitat during their life cycle. Therefore, the animals recorded during baseline survey are listed under Annex-IX without any distinction of the wetland and terrestrial habitat. EGCB Ltd. Executive summary-Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 xi There are several native bird species in the project area. Many major canals, branch canals, ditches, ponds, streams are found across the study area which contains common fishes. Mammals and reptiles are very common in the project area. The environmental team interviewed with the local people and found that mongoose are rarely seen in the project area. It is noted that there is no endangered species in the project site. Archaeological, historical and cultural sites There are no archaeological sites within the project area. There are religious and cultural sites found within 5km of the project area which are described in chapter-4 of this document. The EPC contractor shall be responsible for familiarizing themselves with "Chance Finds Procedures" specifies in the WB OP 4.20 Cultural property which describes management procedures in case culturally valuable materials are uncovered during excavation or any project activities. If any such culturally valuable properties are found, the EPC contractor shall stop the work and inform Department of Archeology under Ministry of cultural Affairs, GOB for taking necessary measures. Industries in the project impact area The project impact area is a semi urban industrial area and a large number of industries are located in the study area. In addition to that, three power plants (including one 100 MW independent power plant) are located within Siddhirganj Power Plant complex area with an immediate future plan to build another Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP (under financial assistance of WB) within the complex. The project impact area is occupied by a number of polluting industries e.g. textile and smelting industries. Agriculture in the project impact area The proposed project site is located within Siddhirganj power plant complex and is currently left as fallow land mostly covered with indigenous grasses namely Bermuda grass, Chapra and others. Some patches of temporary seasonal kitchen gardens are noted around the project area. The high yielding varieties of aus, aman and boro rice are grown in some of the locations around the project impact area. In addition some vegetable crops are also noted in the high and medium high land around the project impact area as crop rotation. ES-5. Public consultation The public consultations were conducted (September and October of 2010) in and around the project area in which a variety of people participated. The main purpose of the public consultation was to assess the concern of the people about construction of 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj Power Plant complex compound and also overall acceptability of EGCB Ltd. Executive summary-Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 xii the project by people, their perception about the impacts both adverse and beneficial effects including expectations etc. Findings of the public consultation Many issues were raised in the public consultations meetings. Details of which are presented below (and includes EGCB Ltd. Liability beginning in 2011): (i) Spills of petroleum may affect soil fertility adversely which may cause detrimental affect to the surrounding agricultural land. (ii) Some agricultural products including vegetation may be affected. If spills were to occur that affected the agricultural lands, participants felt that compensation should be paid to the affected people. (iii) Air pollution from vehicle movements and emission should be controlled. (iv) Noise pollution from vehicle movement and equipment at the project site may affect birds and animals. (v) In case of compensation payments it should be ensured that, affected person(s) get the right compensation. (vi) Environmental pollution due to noise, air pollution from emission of gases and effluent discharges from power plant and as well as other social nuisance should be controlled. (vii) A great deal of apprehension exists among the participants that an accident problem like the fall of labours from height or collapse of construction wall may cause death to many workers/labours during pilling and construction activities. Standard precautions must be taken so that this type of accident is not repeated in this area. (viii) There are no people living in the old abandoned store area and no resettlement or relocation issues to be addressed. The old store belongs to PGCB (company under GOB) who has no objection to demolition. Expectation of the people: The following expectation from the local people were raised during the consultation (a) Construction work should be completed within schedule. (b) Local people should be given priority for employment in different activities of the project. (c) Local businessmen and contractors should be engaged in different phases for the construction and development and given priority compared to others from outside the area. (d) When 450 MW CCPP will be operated the villagers shall get the benefit out of it (e) The villagers expect to get good quality of environment by installing a power plant of good quality, which will be able to provide uninterrupted power supply EGCB Ltd. Executive summary-Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 xiii and will be able to keep air and noise pollution of the project impact area within WB and DoE’s specific guidelines. Reflection of Public consultation related to power plant construction: The suggestion and expectation of the people consulted during public consultation are mainly focused on the installation of an environmental friendly power plant in the Siddhirganj power plant complex which will not have negative environmental and social impact in the surrounding environment and will also be beneficial for the people of the locality in all respect. In addition, GOB and WB guidelines, be addressed in all phases of the project to protect environment and life of the people. These issues are mainly addressed in the impact and mitigation chapter (Chapter-7) and in the environmental management chapter (Chapter-8) and also adhered to referred GOB and WB regulations/guidelines. ES-6. Potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures Surface water extraction for cooling tower during operation phase Water flow in Sitalakhya river during extreme lean period was 127 m3/sec (Water modeling study by IWM on Sitalakhya river during 2007-2008) The feasibility report for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP indicated that the plant will consume approximately 14 m3/sec which is about 11.02% of the total flow of water in the extreme lean period. It is estimated that the industries surrounding Siddhirganj power plant complex area will consume net 23.55% of the total flow of river whereas the rest of 76.48% river water flow will be still available for natural environment and aquatic ecology which is viable for sustainable natural environment. Inspite of this estimation, it is strongly suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct water modelling study before designing 450 MW CCPP. The details about water abstraction and availability of water in the Sitalakhya River are also described in section 3.7.3. Air quality and effluent discharge management during operation phase Natural gas shall be used as a primary fuel for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. Since there is no sulphur in the natural gas, there will be no emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2) pollutant and flue gas treatment shall not be required. The new gas turbine unit will employ either steam or water injection system or dry lowNOx burner to reduce NOx emission to levels capable of complying with the World Bank requirement (WB Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants-2008-Annex-II) and GOB related regulations. During plant operation and maintenance phase the EPC contractor shall maintain waste management, all gaseous emission, effluent discharges within limits as prescribed in GOB guidelines (ECR-1997) and WB guidelines (Environmental, Health, and Safety EGCB Ltd. Executive summary-Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 xiv guidelines for Thermal Power Plants -2008, Annex-II) and also WB General EHS guidelines-2007. This may be noted that it was not possible to conduct a power plant emission modelling due to time constraints, therefore, it is suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct an above noted emission dispersion modeling for appropriate functioning of the power plant complying GOB and WB guidelines. Noise management The Plant will be built in such condition that the noise level outside the plant will comply with GOB regulation and WB Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants-2008 (Annex-III). In addition to that, Noise reduction is to be integrated in the plant building design to meet the regulatory standards during operation. Environmental, Health and Safety Action Plan The EPC contractor shall prepare and submit an environmental, health and safety action plan (EHSAP) to EGCB Ltd., prior to the implementation of the project. The EHSAP shall focus on project mitigation, management, monitoring and ongoing consultation activities for the project. The EPC contractor shall implement and employ personnel, to ensure compliance during contract period and shall comply environmental, social, health and safety standards following GOB, WB and international (where necessary) guidelines. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in this document presents arrangements to reduce any adverse impacts to acceptable levels as well as to enhance beneficial impacts. Effective institutional arrangements are required for conducting environmental assessments and also for successful implementation of the above noted EMP. Institutional roles and responsibilities for the proposed project are shown in Table-ES-1. Table-ES-1. Institutional roles and responsibilities Project stage Responsible organization Responsibilities Pre-construction EGCB Ltd. (with the assistance from project consultant) i. Prepare EIA consistent with GOB and WB requirements ii. Conduct public consultation during EIA iii. Fulfil GOB requirements iv. Make EIA reports available to the web site v. Incorporate mitigation measures into engineering design and technical specification vi. Incorporate environmental mitigation and monitoring measures into contract document EGCB Ltd. Executive summary-Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 xv vii. Update the EMP (mitigation measures, monitoring program, institutional responsibilities, costs, etc.) during the detailed design stage. Construction EGCB Ltd., i. With the assistance of project consultants, ensure implementation of environmental management measures at each stage of the construction and update the EMP as necessary. ii. Complain Redresser Committee will attend any kind of environmental and social complain arising from residents and workers during construction and operation phases of the proposed project. Project consultant i. Review the construction site management plan to be prepared by the contractor. ii. Provide support to EGCB in conducting routine monitoring of implementation of mitigation measu r es b y contracto r Contractor i. Employ an EHS officer who will ensure implementation of environmental measures during the construction stage. ii. Prepare EHSAP and submit to EGCB for review iii. Prepare a construction site management plan prior to any site works and submit to EGCB for review. iv. Prepare emergency response plan and submit to EGCB prior to construction phase for review. v. Implement mitigation measures and submit monthly reports to EGCB Ltd. EGCB Ltd., i. Review and consolidate quarterly reports and submit to WB DOE i. Review monitoring reports and conduct periodic monitoring EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 11  Archaeological and cultural sites survey (Chapter-4)  General land use survey surrounding 5km of the project site (Chapter-4)  Detailed land use survey surrounding 1 km of the project site (Chapter-4)  Reconnaissance soil survey reports and maps (Chapter-4)  Consolidated socio-economic survey of surrounding Siddhirganj power plant complex project location: o Focus group discussions (detailed are in Chapter-5); o Public consultations (detailed are in Chapter-5); 1.7 EIA report structure This report presents the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj Power Plant complex. The EIA is prepared based on TOR and TOC (Annex-I) to meet GOB and WB requirements. The different section of the EIA report is outlined below. Chapter 1 (Introduction) presents the background and proposed project location including description of the allotted land. It provides EIA status, EIA methodology, EIA activities. Chapter-2 (Review of relevant policies and regulations) includes GOB national policy, industrial policy, GOB laws and regulations. It contains relevant WB operational policy, Bank procedures, Operational directives and good practices. Chapter-3 (Description of the Proposed Project) provides a description of the different aspects of the proposed project, including project location, site development and construction activities, equipment and processes to be employed, water management, waste and emission management and operation and maintenance. Chapter 4 (Existing Environment-Physical) provides a description of the existing physical environment of the study area. The elements of the physical environment of the study area that have been described here include climate, topography and drainage, geology and soils, hydrology and water resources, air quality, noise level, and water quality. It also includes the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem of the study area, and the presence of rare and endangered species. Chapter-5 (Public consultation) contains findings of the public consultation and their recommendation. Chapter-6 (Alternative Analysis) provides an analysis of alternatives with respect to project location, technology options, cooling systems, and also a “no project” scenario. Chapter 7 (Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigatory Measures) describes the potential environmental impacts of the proposed power plant project and the mitigation measures to reduce or eliminate adverse impacts, along with measures to enhance positive impacts. For this purpose, the project activities has been divided into two phases - construction phase and operation phase and the major environmental impacts of the project activities during each phase have been identified. This Chapter then provides an evaluation of these potential environmental impacts and presents the suggested measures to reduce or eliminate adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 12 Chapter 8 (Environmental Management Plan including Monitoring programme) presents the environmental management and monitoring plan for the proposed project, both during construction and operation phases. Among other issues, it addresses the detailed monitoring plan (including monitoring parameters, monitoring schedule and resource requirements), occupational health and safety issues and institutional arrangement. Chapter 9 (Risk Assessment and Management) identifies common risks in a power plant associated with accidents that may occur, natural disasters and external threats and outlines important measures to minimize those risks. Chapter 10 (Coordination with other agencies) contains list of different agencies which will be needed to cooperate during project period. Chapter-11 (Beneficial impacts, project enhancement potential) Chapter 12 (Conclusions and Recommendations) presents the conclusions and recommendations of this environmental assessment study. Chapter-13- (References) 1.8. EIA Team The details of the EIA team for conducting EIA studies of the proposed 450 MW CCPP is shown in Annex-II. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 13 CHAPTER-2: REVIEW OF RELEVANT REGULATIONS 2.1. National Industrial Policy, 1991 The Industrial Policy of 1991 sets 16 objectives towards achieving high industrial growth as well as protecting the environment. The policy describes "to take appropriate measures for preventing environmental pollution and maintaining ecological balance". One of the 32 strategies of the policy relates to environment pollution control. It states that "effective measures will be taken for controlling environmental pollution and maintaining ecological balance". 2.2 National Environmental Policy 1992 Bangladesh National Environment Policy (1992) sets out the basic framework for environmental actions, together with a set of broad sectoral action guidelines. Key elements of the policy are:  Maintenance of the ecological balance and overall progress and development of the country through protection and improvement of the environment;  Protection of the country against natural disasters;  Identification and regulation of all types of activities, which pollute and degrade the environment;  Ensuring sustainable utilization of all natural resources; and  Active association with all environment-related international initiatives. 2.3. National Energy Policy 1995 The National Energy Policy (1995) addresses both energy conservation and environmental issues. The national Energy policy suggest utilization of energy for sustainable economic growth, supply to different zones of the country, development of the indigenous energy sources and ensure environmentally sound and sustainable energy development programs causing minimum damage to the environment. The Environment Policy and the Energy Policy have seven recommendations; three of these are relevant to the proposed project: a. Environmental Impact Assessment should be made mandatory and should constitute an integral part of any new energy development project. b. Use of economically viable environment friendly technology is to be promoted. c. Popular awareness to be promoted regarding environmental conservation. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 14 2.4. National Land-use Policy -2001 The Government of Bangladesh has adopted national Land use Policy, 2001. The salient features of the policy objectives relevant to the proposed are as follows:  To prevent the current tendency of gradual and consistent decrease of cultivable land for the production of food to meet the demand of expanding population;  To ensure that land use is in harmony with natural environment;  To use land resources in the best possible way and to play supplementary role in controlling the consistent increase in the number of land less people towards the elimination of poverty and the increase of employment;  To protect natural forest areas, prevent river erosion and destruction of hills;  To prevent land pollution; and  To ensure the minimal use of land for construction of both government and nongovernment buildings. 2.5. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995 & Environment Conservation Rules 1997 2.5.1. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act (ECA) 1995 amended 2002. The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act (1995) amended 2002 (ECA'95 amended 2002) is currently the main legislative framework document relating to environmental protection in Bangladesh, which repealed the earlier Environment Pollution Control ordinance of 1977. The main objectives of the ECA, 1995 are:  Conservation and improvement of environment, and  Control and mitigation of pollution of environment. The main provisions of the Act can be summarized as:  Declaration of ecologically critical areas, and restrictions on the operations and processes, which can be carried or can not be initiated in the ecologically critical area;  Regulation in respect of vehicles emitting smoke harmful for the environment.  Environmental Clearance;  Regulation of industries and other development activities with regards to discharge permits;  Promulgation of standards for quality of air, water, noises and soils for different areas for different purposes;  Promulgation of standard limits for discharging and emitting waste; and  Formulation and declaration of environmental guidelines; The first sets of rules to implement the provisions of the Act were promulgated in 1997. The Department of Environment (DoE) implements the Act. DoE is headed by a Director General (DG). The DG has complete control over the DoE and the main power of DG, as given in the Act, may be outlined as follows: EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 15  Identification of different types and causes of environmental degradation and pollution;  Instigating investigation and research regarding environmental conservation, development and pollution.  Power to close down the activities considered harmful to human life or the environment. The operator does have the right to appeal in such cases and the procedures are in place for this. However, if the incident is considered as an emergency, then there is no opportunity for appeal.  Power to declare an area affected by pollution as an Ecologically Critical Area. (DoE governs the type of work or process, which can take in such an area. Similar to an aforementioned clause, if any part of the environment is polluted/damaged by operations, the Director General can request or force the operator to make rectifying arrangements.) Under the Act, operators of industries/projects must inform the Director General of any pollution incident. In the event of an accidental pollution, the Director General may take control of an operation and the respective operator is bound to help. The operator is responsible for the costs incurred and possible payments for compensation. Before new projects can proceed as stipulated under the rules, an Environmental Clearance must be obtained from the Director General. An appeal procedure does exist for the promoters who fail to obtain such clearance. Failure to comply with the provisions of this Act may result in a maximum of 10 years imprisonment or a maximum fine of Tk.10,00,000 (Ten lakhs) or both. 2.5.2 Environment Conservation Rules (ECR) 1997 amended 2003. These are the first set of rules, promulgated under the Environment Conservation Act 1995. Among other things, these rules set (i) the National Environmental Quality Standards for ambient air, various types of water, industrial effluent, emission, noise, vehicular exhaust etc., (ii) requirement for and procedures to obtain Environmental Clearance, and (iii) requirements for IEE/EIA according to categories of industrial and other development interventions. However, the rules provide the Director General a discretionary authority to grant ‘Environmental Clearance' to an applicant, exempting the requirement of site/location clearance, provided the DG considers it to be appropriate. 2.5.3. Obtaining Environmental Clearance Presently, "EIA Guidelines for Industries" published by DoE and the "Environment Conservation Rules 1997”are the formal documents providing guidance for conducting Environmental Assessment. Any proponent planning to set up or operate an industrial project requires to obtain an "Environmental Clearance Certificate" from the Department of Environment, under the Environment Conservation Act 1995 amended in 2002. The first step of obtaining Environmental Clearance for the project the proponent is to apply for it in prescribed form (Form-3 of ECR, 1997), together with a covering letter, to the Director General/ Director of respective DoE divisional offices. The application should include a project feasibility study report, the EIA report, No Objection Certificate (NOC) EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 16 of the local authority; Mitigation Plan for minimizing potential environmental impacts; and appropriate amount of fees in ‘treasury chalan’ (in the present case the amount is Tk=100,000). The DOE authority reserves the right to request additional information, supporting documents, or other additional materials for the proposed project. The focus of the ECR (1997), lies with the classification of industries into three main categories i.e. Green, Amber and Red; based on their pollution potential. The proposed project falls under the “Red” category according to ECR’97, and would therefore require, among others, an EIA for obtaining Environmental Clearance from the DoE. Red listed industries are those that can cause 'significant adverse' environmental impacts and are, therefore, required to submit both IEE and an EIA report. These industrial projects may obtain an initial Site Clearance on the basis of an IEE based on the DoE’s prescribed format, and subsequently submit an EIA report for obtaining Environmental Clearance. The current proposed power plant involves three steps. First step involves obtaining site clearance to permit pre-construction and construction activities, second step is to obtain approval of the EIA study and third step is obtaining Environmental Clearance. This permit is required before the power station can be operated. Figure – 2.1 shows the detail steps taken during Environmental Clearance Process in case of “Red” category industries/projects. Environmental clearance status of the proposed project The current proposed 450 MW CCPP is planned to be constructed instead of the GOB's original plan for construction of 2x150 MW PPP in the same earmarked site within Siddhirganj Power Plant complex. In this regard, MPEMR already obtained site clearance and approval of EIA from DOE for the original project (2x150 ME PPP). Under the current proposed project for construction of 450 MW CCPP, a full scale ESIA studies has been conducted to meet requirement of WB and a copy to be submitted to DOE as an addendum of the original project (2x150 MW PPP) to meet EIA clearance clauses. The details regarding EIA status of the proposed project is also described above in section 1.5. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 17 Figure-2.1. Steps Involved in Environmental Clearance Obtaining Environmental Clearance Such a clearance will be subject to renewal after each three year id APPLICATION TO DOE GREE N AMBER A AMBER B RED The application should enclose : i. General information; ii. Description of raw materials & finished products; iii. An NOC; The application should enclose: i. Feasibility Study Report (for proposed industry / project); ii. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report  Process Flow Diagram  Lay out plan (showing location of ETP)  Design of ETP iii. Report on EMP iv. NOC from local authority v. ERP vi. Outline of relocation, and rehabilitation plan etc. The application should enclose: i. Feasibility Study Report (for proposed industry / project); ii. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report (for proposed industry / project); iii. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Report (for existing industry / project); iv. An NOC; v. Pollution minimization plan vi. Outline of relocation plan; etc. The application should enclose: i. General information; ii. Description of raw materials & finished products; iii. An NOC; iv. Process flow diagram, Layout plan, Effluent disposal system; etc. Obtaining Site Clearance Applying for Environmental Clearance Obtaining Site Clearance Obtaining Site Clearance Obtaining Environmental Clearance Applying for Environmental Clearance Applying for Environmental Clearance Such a clearance will be subject to renewal after each one year period Obtaining Environmental Clearance Obtaining Environmental Clearance Such clearance certificate will be subject to renewal after each one year period Such clearance certificate will be subject to renewal after each one year period EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 18 2.6. Other Relevant Acts 2.6.1. Bangladesh Labour Act (2006) Bangladesh labour Act (2006) provides provision of protection of safety, security and welfare of labour. The main features of the Act are summarized as follows:  have full regard for the safety of all persons entitled to be upon the site and keep the site and works in an orderly state  maintain all the lights, guards, fencing, warning signs and watching for the protection of the Works or for the safety on site, and  take all responsible steps to protect nuisance to the workers  shall provide proper accommodation to the labours and arrange water supply, conservancy and sanitation arrangements at the site etc.  shall not perform any work on site more than 8 hours, weekly rest day (Friday) or during the night or on any religious or public holiday without prior approval of the relevant legal Authority  shall not employ child labourers in any circumstances  shall have insurance for personal injury or death during employed in the work site The Act will be used as a guideline for all the workers involved in all the phases (construction, operation and implementation) of the proposed 450 MWCCPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex. 2.6.2. East Bengal Protection and Conservation of Fish Act 1950 (Amended 1982) The East Bengal Protection and Conservation of Fish Act of 1950, as mended by the Protection and Conservation of Fish (Amendment) Ordinance of 1982 and the Protection and Conservation of Fish (Amendment) Act of 1995, provides provisions for the protection and conservation of fish in inland waters of Bangladesh. This is relatively unspecific and simply provides a means by which the Government may introduce rules to protect those inland waters not in private ownership. This is framework legislation with rule making powers. Among others, some of these rules may prohibit the destruction of, or any attempt to destroy, fish by the poisoning of water or the depletion of fisheries by pollution, by trade effluent or otherwise. 2.6.3. Bangladesh Industrial Act 1974 The Industrial Act provides the statutory framework for the construction, development, production, processing, refining and marketing of product in Bangladesh. The Act sets out the duties of persons engaged in industrial operation, namely:  "To ensure that such industrial operation is carried on in a proper and work-manlike manner and in accordance with good industrial practices";  “To carry out industrial operations in any area in a manner that does not interfere with navigation, fishing and conservation of resources of the sea and sea-bed"; and  "To consider factors connected with the ecology and environment". EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 19 Bangladesh Industrial Act sets out more specific details related to the environment and safety, which states as follows: "In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, a person engaged in any industrial operation shall, in carrying out such operation in any area, shall:  control the flow and prevent the waste or escape in the area,  prevent the escape in that area of any mixture of water or untreated effluent or water with any other matter,  prevent damage to ecological status in any area, whether adjacent to that area or not,  keep separate any waste or waste sludge in the area, and  prevent water or any other matter entering in to the natural environment or water ways or agricultural field. 2.7. World Bank Operational Policies and procedures/ guidelines Policies & Procedures Bank projects and activities are governed by Operational Policies, which are designed to ensure that they are economically, financially, socially and environmentally sound. The Bank's Operational Manual spells them out, and provides guidance on how to comply with them ("Bank Procedures" and "Good Practices"). Among the key types of policies catalogued in the manual are:  Policies on business products and instruments  Safeguard policies, which include Environmental Assessments and policies designed to prevent unintended adverse effects on third parties and the environment. Specific safeguard policies address natural habitats, pest management, cultural property, involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, safety of dams, projects on international waterways and projects in disputed areas.  Fiduciary and  Management The Bank has promulgated a Disclosure Policy in order to make information about its activities widely available. The policy establishes the Bank's general approach to opening its records, and details the many Bank documents available to the public. As the policy demonstrates, the Bank believes that widespread sharing of information is essential for development. It stimulates public debate, broadens public understanding, and enhances transparency and accountability The Inspection Panel helps ensure compliance with Bank policies. An independent body to which individuals and communities can turn if they believe that their rights or interests have been or could be directly harmed by a Bank-financed project. Safeguard Policies The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies objective is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. These EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 20 policies provide guidelines for Bank and borrower staff in the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and projects. 2.7.1. Relevant safeguard policies 2.7.1.1. OP 4.01-Environmental Assessment Environmental Assessment is one of the 10 environmental Safeguard Policies of the World Bank. Environmental Assessment is used to identify, avoid, and mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts in projects. In this project, the purpose of Environmental Assessment is to improve decision making, to ensure that project options under consideration are sound and sustainable, and that potentially affected people have been properly consulted. The World Bank's environmental assessment policy and recommended processing are described in Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment. This policy is considered to be the umbrella policy for the Bank's environmental 'safeguard policies' which among others more relevant for this project include: Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) & Physical Cultural Resources (OP 4.11). 2.7.1.2. 4.04-Natural habitat OP 4.04Natural Habitats: This section deals with the safeguards of natural habitats, which protect and enhance the environment, and is essential for long term sustainable development. Through this policy the project will consider the impacts of its activities on natural habitats. Although the project is located in an industrial complex, its activities rely upon the Sitalakaya River, a natural habitat and so we must consider implications of extractions of river water and ultimate impacts on its aquatic life. 2.7.1.3. OP 4.20 Cultural property WB OP 4.20-Cultural property provides guidelines during project activities. The contractor shall be responsible for familiarizing themselves with "Chance Finds Procedures" provided in this EIA’s Chapter 8 Environmental Management and Mitigation Plan in case culturally valuable materials are uncovered during excavation or any project activities. If any such culturally valuable properties are found, the EPC contractor shall stop the work and inform Department of Archeology under Ministry of cultural Affairs, GOB for taking necessary measures. In addition to these requirements, the World Bank also provides recently developed Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal power plant-2008 (Annex-III) which replaces previously published Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook (1998). Environment, Health and Safety General Guidelines set forth the occupational health, construction/demolition and community protection standards which the project will adopt. Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) guidelines for Thermal Power Plants: The EHS guidelines (Annex-III) are technical reference documents with general and industryspecific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 27 During plant operation and maintenance phase the EPC contractor shall maintain waste management, all gaseous emission, effluent discharges and noise emission with limit as prescribed in GOB guidelines (ECR-1997) and WB guidelines (Environmental, Health, and Safety guidelines for Thermal power plan (2008) and also WB General EHS guidelines-2007) Car pooling will be encouraged to minimize plant generated traffic by the EPC contractor during O & M period. 3.4.3. Decommissioning Naturally the power plant will continue longer time than design life. If the proposed power plant is constructed and operated by EPC contractor during contract period following GOB, WB guidelines, and as per recommendation of EIA, there should not be significant environmental liabilities that will require remediation during decommissioning. However, EGCB Ltd. will take all environmental management responsibility after the end of contract period of EPC contractor appointed for the proposed project. 3.5. Technology selection and configuration of the Project The feasibility study team concluded that a combined cycle is the best option for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW power plant within Siddhirganj power plant complex. It is inferred that a combined cycle power plant with a nominal capacity at 300MW -450MW at site condition of configuration 1:1:1 composed of one 334MW ISO rated gas turbine unit (or convenient), plus one heat recovery boiler, and one 154MW steam turbine unit (or convenient) in multi shaft is the maximum capacity that can be chosen from among the various standard machines based on the available space at the project site. 3.6. Project components The major components of the proposed Siddhirganj power plant project under financial assistance of WB include both on site and off site components which are as follows: (i) a 450 MW CCPP (on site project activities to be implemented by EGCB Ltd.) (ii) 60 km natural gas pipeline (off site project activities to be implemented by GTCL) (iii) a power evacuation facility of 11 km, 230 kv electricity transmission line and substations at Siddhirganj and Manmiknagar (off site project activities to be implemented by PGCB). The present EIA describes the construction, operation and implementation of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP located at the Siddhirganj power plant complex. The other off site components will be implemented by respective agencies as mentioned above and their necessary environmental regulatory requirements will also be addressed by them as per GOB and WB guidelines which are also described in section 1.1. 3.7. Power plant components General components of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project to be constructed include the following: EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 28 In site facilities- (a) Plant facility comprising 01gas turbines, 01 HRSG set up, 01 steam turbine, generator, transformer and ancillary facilities. (b) Chemical Water Treatment plant (c) Effluent treatment plant (ETP) (d) Cooling Tower (e) Circulating Pump House (f) Switch room (g) Emergency generator and transformers Civil structures- (i) Generator and Substation Control room, administration, amenities, and workshop facility if necessary (j) Fire protection tank, water tank and septic tank. (k) Construction of internal roads (l) Security fencing and gatehouse. Offsite facilities- (m) High voltage switchyard (n) CW Pump House (o) The 11 km 230 KV line-to be implemented by PGCB (not included in this EIA) (p) 60 km gas transmission line-to be implemented by GTCL (not included in this EIA) Brief descriptions of some of the major components and their main requirements are described below: Description of Combined Cycle Power Plant Two thermo-dynamic cycles, the Brayton Cycle and the Rankin Cycle, are employed to convert thermal energy to work for a single power plant, and therefore, it is named as the Combined Cycle. This technology in the first step employs a gas turbine to convert about 2538% of input energy to electricity; and thereafter, its exhaust hot gas mass (over 500oC) carrying about 55-65% of initial heat input, is used in a heat recovery steam generator to raise steam. The steam thus available is employed to run a steam turbine generator to produce electricity that accounts for about 20% of input energy. Thus an overall efficiency of 45 to 55% or even more is obtained in the latest designs. It may be noted that no furnace to burn fuel is required in this case; instead, a heat recovery steam generator without firing system and air handling system is required. Combined cycle power plants are suitable for intermediate and base load operation. 3.7.1. Gas Turbine The type of gas turbine which will be selected for the proposed project shall be identified as being suitable for the project and will meet National (Annex-V) and WB emission standards EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 29 described in Environmental. Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant-2008 (Annex-III) . In addition, the turbine supplier shall have the capacity of offering a long-term spare parts and services agreement for their turbines. 3.7.2. Steam Turbine Unit The Project will include steam turbine generator units. The steam turbines will be capable of operating in both fixed and sliding-pressure modes, and in a modified slidingpressure mode . During normal operation, the steam turbine operates without throttling the main steam flow (sliding-pressure mode). Overloading requirements specified in International Electro technical Commission standard (IEC) 60045 will be taken into account. Combined steam-gas cycle has some advantages: (i)Energy generation is clean—i.e., it’s the most acceptable technology from an environmental/ecological standpoint. (ii) High efficiency factor, more than 50%. (iii) Minimal land requirement (iv) Minimal water requirements. (v) Fast operations. The station starts and shuts downs quickly, so it is possible to operate the facility both for base and peak load . (vi)Facility construction time is short; accordingly, less time is required to repay the investment. (vii) High level of automation and smaller number of staff required. (viii) A wide range of fuels can be used, including natural gas, diesel oil, and fuel oil. 3.7.3. Combined-Cycle Power Plant Cooling Water System The cooling water system of the power plant will be a closed cooling water system. The 450 MW CCPP extracts its cooling water from the Sitalakhya River. Because of the need for more cooling water, and to ensure the Project facility’s efficient operation during its expected life time, it is necessary to ensure good flow and quality of water availability in the Sitalakhya river across seasons. This project proposes to use water from the Sitalakhya River for this purpose; approximately 14 m3/sec of make up water will be pumped from the river. To understand the above fact, it is necessary to conduct water modelling study which is not possible during the present EIA study due to time constrain. Therefore, it is suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct a water modelling study to understand the current and future availability of water flow in the Sitalakhya river and shall design the proposed 450 MW CCPP accordingly. At present during the EIA study, an attempt is made to assess the water requirements of all the power plants and other industries located at the closed vicinity of Siddhirganj power plant complex and estimated their total consumption water against the flow of Sitalakhya river at Siddhirganj power plant complex area. The analysis is as follows: EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 30 Water abstraction and related calculations: According to the IWM study around the Siddhirganj project area in 2007, the river water flow in the extreme lean period during February was reported to be 127m3/sec. The calculated water abstraction from the river by the existing surrounding power plants area recorded as follows (Table-3.1): Table-3.1. Water abstraction calculation based on lean period Sl. No. Particulars of Power Plant and other industries at Project area Amount of Water 1 210MW thermal power plant, Siddhirganj, Narayanganj 8.5 m3/sec; once through method cooling. 2 Pendakar 450MW CCPP, Haripur, Narayanganj 10.5 m3/sec; once through cooling. Sub Total 19 m3/sec; once through cooling, which is being back to the river again. 3 NEPC 110MW BMPP, Haripur, Narayanganj 0.03 m3/sec (appx) 4 Particle Board and others, Haripur, Narayanganj 2 m3/sec (appx); 5 Proposed 360MW CCPP, Haripur, Narayanganj 13.88 m3/sec (appx) for make up water 6 Proposed Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP, Siddhirganj, Narayanganj 14 m3/sec (appx) for make up water Sub Total 29.91 m3/sec (appx) for make up water Grand Total 48.91 m3/sec (appx) Out of total river water flow 127m3/sec in extreme lean period, approximately 48.91 m3/sec is being used by the surrounding industries (calculation shown above) and 78.09 m3/sec is left as natural flow in the river for other environmental uses at surrounding areas. It is generally accepted that out of total river flow only 15-20% is required for viable natural environment. In this calculation 38.51% of total river flow is being abstracted for cooling and other purposes, out of this 38.51%, the 14.96% is being used for once through cooling process which is ultimately released back to the river, so the net 23.55% is being used up by the EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 31 industries and rest of 76.48% river water flow is still available for natural environment and aquatic ecology which is viable for sustainable natural environment. It may be mentioned that, the proposed Siddhirganj 450MW World Bank financed power plant will consume 11.02% (approximately) of the total flow of this river water. For establishment of further power plant and any industries the authority should make a through study for successful implementation of any project. From the above thump analysis it is expected that there will be sufficient water for cooling tower option of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex but it is strongly suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct water modelling study before designing 450 MW CCPP (as described above). 3.7.3.1. High and Low Pressure Steam System The system design using both high and low pressure allows the steam generator and steam turbine to function without any limitations under full load. 3.7.3.2. Feed water System and Main Condensate System The feed water pumps will be designed according to the HRSG code. The Project will be used as base-load to the grid thus it will be possible to use the main condensate pumps and feed-water pumps with constant speed. The capacity of the feed water tank will be sufficient to provide error-free operation. Performance of steam generator installation is provided even if the quantity of returning condensate and make-up water (feed water) changes. The plant will be supplied with a condensate filter. 3.7.3.3.WaterTreatment System Separate water treatment facility will be constructed for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. The facility for treatment of feed water will consist of, but not be limited to, the following systems and equipment: (i) raw-water pumps, (ii) raw water tanks (iii) clarifier (v) demineralization lines, (vi) feed water pumps. Clarifier Raw water which is supplied from the river will be pumped into the clarification system and primary setting and aeration. Before entering into the clarifier tank, treatment chemicals such as lime, alum and coagulant aid will be added to the water as necessary to aid filtration of the suspensions and to partially reduce water hardness. Demineralisation Demineralized water storage tanks and a distribution system will be installed as part of the water treatment system. An appropriate anion exchanger will also be incorporated into the EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 32 design of the water treatment system to increase resistance to organic fouling, enabling the generation of the appropriate water quality. 3.7.3.4. Tests for Water and Steam Cycle Samples will be taken from different parts of the system and tested to control the water and steam circulating system. Continuous and periodic sampling will be performed and tested in the laboratory. Samples in the cooling chamber must be kept in a building near the laboratory. 3.7.3.5. Waste Water Treatment System (Treatment and Discharge of Wastewater) Separate waste water treatment system will be built for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. This may be noted that all waste water of the plant including settled sludge from the clarifier, waste from the chemical waste area, demineralization plant, HRSG etc. will be treated in the WWTP. The power station design will minimize the quantity of consumables and wastewater. Waste water of the power plant will be channelled to the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). The WWTP shall be developed based on the recent available environmental friendly technology. One of the option for the WWTP technology may be Electric Contaminant Removal (ECR) technology. But in all cases WWTP discharges must comply GOB and WB standards. The sewage pond will be protected against overheating. Sewage effluent quality will be monitored against GOB and WB standards. Sludge management The solid sludge generated will be stored temporarily (within project site) and will be reused in an environmental friendly manner following WB and GOB guidelines. 3.7.4.Generators and Systems for Power Output 3.7.4.1.Generator Facilities The Project is expected to be based on one gas turbine generator, one steam turbine generator having subsequent transformer facilities with sufficient back up system. The control of gas and steam turbine generators and plant electrical systems are performed by the automation system of the plant via its digital control system (DCS)— i.e., the man-machine interface is through the monitors and keyboards of the DCS in the control room of the plant. The 230 kV, transmission line switchgears (compatible with the proposed system) each have separate control systems with monitors in the control room. These control systems are linked to the DCS for information exchange. The daily control of the electrical system during normal operation concern mainly generator plants operations, like synchronizing and adjusting the reactive output and voltage. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 33 3.7.5. Automation and Control System 3.7.5.1. Level of Automation The plant operations will be automated as follows: (i) the main DCS; (ii) safety related system; (iii) separate control systems (if necessary) for gas turbines, steam turbines, water treatment facilities, etc. using programmable logic controllers; (iv) control room devices for man machine interfaces; and (v) site instrumentation and data acquisition. The cabinets containing the control systems will be placed in a room in the control building. Electronic cabinets dedicated to signal acquisition (remote input/output) cabinets) could be installed at field. For all the equipment not installed in air conditioned environment, provisions will be made for an adequate protection degree (IP 55 minimum or compatible). The design of the automation system will generally comply with IEC standards. The measurement units employed will correspond to the international system of units. 3.7.5.2. Main Control Room All of the normal control and monitoring tasks (starting, stopping, normal operation, and load variation) of the Project will be performed from operator terminals in the main control room. In addition, separate local control rooms may be built to control and monitor certain sub processes. The lighting of the control room will be designed to avoid or minimize optical disturbances, in particular on the monitors. Similar care will be paid to minimizing the effects of other potential disturbances (temperature extremes, moisture, noise, etc.). 3.7.6. Fuel System The main fuel used by the Project will be natural gas (gas turbine units and auxiliary boiler or compatible) The gas will be supplied via a transmission pipeline. The power of the gas compressor station will be approximately 400,000 m 3 /hour or will be will be compatible with the gas turbine in load rejection without interruption. The gas supply system will include full control and instrumentation equipment for automatic control from the DCS, as well as for the proper supervision, safe and efficient operation during start-up, shutdown and normal running conditions. Safety shutdown systems will be provided to protect the compressors and associated equipment. Particular attention will be paid to protecting against pressure particularly those caused by tripping of the gas turbines. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 34 3.7.7. Compressed Air System The compressed air system will supply compressed air for tools, instruments, and combustion process. All compressed air will be filtered and dried. If the main compressor fails or if the system pressure drops to a certain point, alarms on the DCS will go off and the standby compressor will automatically start. Any single failure in compressed air system will not disturb the operation of the system because of back up measures. 3.7.8. Safety System (Preservation) of the Project The Project will be designed to preserve all parts and minimize the risk of corrosion. There will be provisions for the preservation of the Plant for a short term standby and for a long term standby will be arranged. The HRSG, the main condensate line, the feed water tank, and the feed water lines will be filled with water with chemical additives to keep the required pH-value. Circulation of the water will be arranged with auxiliary pipelines and feed water pumps. Steam lines will be dried or preserved with nitrogen or as per design of the process. Facilities for air circulation with dehumidified air will be provided for the steam turbine cylinders and heat exchangers. When ending the preservation phase of the above mentioned parts, the water used will be transferable to the neutralization basin as per design of the proposed machine. 3.8. Power evacuation system There is a 230 kV Grid sub-station at Siddhirganj power complex owned by PGCB (Power Grid Company of Bangladesh). The generated power from the proposed power plant shall be connected to the 230 kV bus of the above 230 kV national grid. 3.9 ANCILLARY SERVICES AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT 3.9.1. Site development Detailed sub-soil investigation will have to be carried out for preparing detailed engineering plans for site development. However, based on lay out plant it has been noted that site development involves demolition of an abandoned old store located on the south-west side of the proposed 450 MW CCPP (details are in section-3.12.2). It is expected that the construction of the proposed power plant will require heavy plant equipment to be delivered to the site. The main components e.g. gas turbine, generator and transformers, will be assembled overseas and delivered to the site. The remaining plant and equipment will be erected at the site. The site is large enough to permit lay down areas and parking within the site on existing cleared paddocks during civil works to prepare the site. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 35 Land development above flood levels The land for the proposed power plant shall be raised to eliminate seasonal floods. It is suggested that the EPC contractor shall raise land 1 meter above the 50 years highest flood level which is 6.93 PWD. Similar recommendation was also made in the EIA of 2×150 MW PPP previously planned to be located in the same place at Siddhirganj power plant complex. 3.9.2. Demolition work There will be a very minimum demolition work required during land development and site preparation of the proposed 450 MW CCPP located at Siddhirganj power plant complex. The abandoned old store of PGCB and a boundary wall of DPDC at the southeast side of the proposed project site will be needed to be demolished (Fig.- 3.3) as a part of the site preparation to accommodate space for setting of the configuration of proposed power plant as suggested in the feasibility report. Fig.3.3. The old store on the south-east side to be demolished The demolition work will be conducted under direct supervision of EGCB Ltd., with own financial assistance as pre-requisite for clearing of land and making it available for proposed construction activities. Both social and the land use survey results indicate that currently there is no person occupying or living (legally or illegally) in the premises of abandoned old store which is planned to be demolished for construction of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP and therefore, no relocation or resettlement is needed to be addressed. The detail area map of demolition site is shown in Fig-3.4 The demolition work will be done fully by mechanical means and shall be confined within limited times during school holidays in day period. The Environmental Management Unit (EMU) of EGCB Ltd, will monitor over all environmental management and occupational health and safety issues during implementation of the demolition work. EGCB will notify concern authority regarding demolition schedule before initiation of the demolition work. The demolition work will create dust and noise pollution in the surrounding area. Therefore, there will be regular water spray to minimize dust particle, the debris will be covered with polythene sheet temporarily before disposal for reuse or land filling. In addition, all workers shall use musk during working time to avoid inhalation of dust particles. During demolition work GOB regulation and WB guidelines (WB Environmental, Health and safety general guidelines for Construction/Demolition-2007 and any other pertinentWB guidelines) will be followed. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 36 Fig-3.4. Proposed Siddhirganj power plant project site showing the old abandoned store supper structure to be demolished EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 43 Fig-4.1. Existing land use of the project impact area of proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 44 4.2.2. Geology and Soil characteristics of the project area Geology of Bangladesh is generally dominated by poorly consolidated sediments deposit over the past 10,000 to 15,000 years (Holocene age). Unconsolidated sediments underlie the whole study area. These are of two ages: pleistocne and Holocene (recent). The North part of the study area is known as Modhupur tract. There are compact clays, previously called Pleistocene clays, but now called Modhupur clay. These clays have been uplifted techtonically. The flood plain sediments occupy the south of the study area. These clays are overlaying by sediments deposited on the old Meghna floodplain. This flood plain has, in turn, been partially buried by sediment deposited by Brahmaputra river. Soils of the project impact area are mainly old Brahmaputra and old Meghna flood plain deposits. Flood plan soils generally show a pattern of friable silt loams or silty clay loams on the ridges and clays in the basins. Some clays are commonly dark gray but others flood plain soils are mainly mid gray and finely mottled yellow and brown. Because of these mottling, soils of the old Brahmaputra and old Meghna flood plain have an overall yellow-brown or olive brown appearance. The majority are neutral to moderately alkaline in reaction. All the soils of the project impact area are developed over unconsolidated alluvial sediments. Recent or sub-recent flood plain sediment deposited by the Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers. In these deposits, six soil associations have been recognized in the project study area (Fig4.2). These are as follows: (i) Damra –karail association (ii) Naraibagh-siddhirganj association (iii) Naraibagh-jalkundi association (iv) Naraibagh-pyati association (v) Naraibagh-silmandi association (vi) Tejgaon-khilgaon association The detail physical description of these soil types are shown in Table-4.2. Table-4.2. Physical properties of soil of the Siddhirganj project impact area Soil associations Sob-soil charactersistics Limitations (i) Damra –karail association Red, yellow, gray mottled clay Low fertility and moisture holding capacity EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 45 (ii)Naraibagh-siddhirganj association Gray and dark grey moteled, yellow brown silty clay Deep flooding heavy texture (iii)Naraibagh-jalkundi association Red, brown, black friable clay Shallowly flooding (iv) Naraibagh-pyati association Red, yellow, grey mottled clay Low fertility and moisture holding capacity (v)Naraibagh-silmandi association Grey/dark grey, mottled yellow-brown silty clay Deep flooding habitat (vi)Tejgaon-khilgaon association Red to strong brown friable clay Low natural fertility and moisture holding capacity, rather sticky when wet Source: Land and soil Resources Utilization Guide (SRDI, 1999). Soil chemical characters of the project impact area The soil samples were collected from homestead agricultural field located on the north-east side of the project impact area and analyzed in the laboratory for developing more recent baseline information. The details are described in Table-4.3. Table 4.3. Chemical characters of soil sample collected from project impact area Soil sample location Analytical Result EC (ds/ m) Reacti on (pH) OM % K Ca Mg N (total) % P S B Cu Fe Mn Zn Meq/100g soil micro gm/g soil Soil samples collected on 23-1o-2009 within project impact area ( 5km surrounding the project site) South-eastern side adjacent to proposed Project area - 5.1 0.40 6.75 2.25 0.19 0.04 10 3.4 0.42 9.62 413 22.3 3.4 Omar pur (1km west from the study area) - 5.3 2.61 4.3 1.67 0.43 0.12 17 2.8 0.17 5.6 401 118 2.2 Kanch pur (1.5 km northeast from the project area) - 5.7 0.91 7.8 3.5 0.32 0.08 2 2.2 0.21 6.5 122 77 2.8 Source: SRDI Lab, Dhaka (2010) The soil analytical result reveals that the soil contains high concentration of Fe in Omorpur and Kanchpur area compared to Siddhirganj power plant complex. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 46 Fig-4.2. Soil types within project impact area of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 47 4.2.3. Seismicity The project site is located in the earth quake Zone-2 having basic seismic coefficient is 0.05g (source-GSB). The data indicates that the project site is moderate and would not pose a major constraint for the development of the project. 4.3. Atmospheric condition 4.3.1. Climate The region including the study area has a tropical climate with three main seasons-the hot and humid summer, the rainy season and the mild and relatively dry winter. The climate of Bangladesh exhibits pronounced seasonal variability associated with monsoon windspredominantly from the south west during summer, from the north-west during winter and light including variable during spring and autumn. Bangladesh can be divided into seven climatic zones and the project impact area falls under South-Central zone subjected by moderate rainfall and temperature. Rainy season generally extends from May to October but variation is also noted from year to year. Winter and summer seasons are distributed from November-February and from MarchMay respectively. About 85% of the rain drops during this rainy season. The winter commences in the month of November and ended in the month of February. Usually winter season is dry with occasional rains. The early summer season is considered from March-April. During summer the air become hot with very low humidity. Early summer is also dominated by Baishaki cyclone (nor westers’) and rains. The mean annual rainfall in the area varies from 1700 mm to 2800 mm, with peak rainfall occurring in June, July and August during recent years (2000-2009). The mean monthly maximum temperature for Dhaka varies from 28.25oC in January to 36.66oC in May during the years 2000-2009. A maximum daily of 42.2oC and minimum 5oC have been recorded. The mean daily maximum temperatures rise during March and April as a prelude to the on coming monsoon. As there is no meteorological station available near the site, spatial climatic analysis has been done to assess climatic condition of the study area. Different meteorological data like rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and wind speeds are described in the following sub-sections. 4.3.2 Rainfall The general pattern of precipitation (which consists entirely of rain) follows the monsoon pattern with the cooler, drier months of November to March, increasing rains in April and May and highest rainfall in the summer months of June to September when the prevailing wind direction from the southwest brings moisture laden air from Bay of Bengal. The average monthly rainfall in year wise (from 2000 to 2009) and also month wise average over the period (2000-20009) is shown in Table-4.4 and Figure 4.3. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 48 Table-4.4. Year wise-monthly average rainfall of recent years from 2000-2009 (mm) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year total. 2000 13 44 172 189 491 165 197 359 216 278 0 0 2124 2001 0 1 33 46 402 386 202 205 209 177 18 0 1679 2002 22 4 51 111 272 373 446 272 156 52 116 0 1875 2003 0 25 96 123 140 473 191 202 264 134 0 45 1693 2004 0 0 9 167 162 476 295 191 839 208 0 0 2347 2005 1 3 155 91 291 259 542 361 514 417 3 0 2637 2006 0 0 0 181 185 326 331 167 663 61 5 0 1919 2007 0 30 11 163 185 628 753 505 179 320 111 0 2885 2008 23 56 45 91 205 577 563 319 279 227 0 0 2385 2009 1 1 43 14 168 170 676 482 － － － － － Mean 6 16.4 61.5 117.6 250.1 383.3 439.6 306.3 Source: Bangladesh Meteorology Dept.-2009, Climatic Chart for Dhaka 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Precipitation [mm] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Temperature [°C] average Precipitation [mm] average max temp average min temp average mean temp Figure 4.3: Monthly average temperature (mean, max, min) and average rainfall (Source: BMD 2009) EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 49 4.3.3 Ambient Air Temperature The temperature of the country has the relationship with the period of rainfall. In general, cool seasons coincide with the period of lowest rainfall. The year wise (2000-2009) monthly maximum and minimum temperature and also month wise average over the year (2000-2009) is shown in Table-4.5 and 4.6. Maximum average temperature of 36.66°C was observed in May and minimum average temperature was 10.28°C in January over the recent years (20002009). Figure 4.3 shows monthly average mean temperature, minimum temperature and maximum temperature for the project area. Table-4.5. Year wise-monthly maximum temperature of project area from 2000-2009 (°C) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2000 28.7 28.2 34 35.1 36.6 35.2 35.2 35 34.4 34.9 32.5 27.3 2001 28 31.4 35.8 37.5 35 33.8 34 34 34.2 34.8 32 28.4 2002 28.2 33.5 35.5 34.3 35.4 34.4 35.2 34.1 35 34.2 32 29.5 2003 27.5 31.6 34 36.2 36.3 36.7 35.3 35.1 34.2 34 32.1 29.2 2004 27.5 32.8 35.7 35.2 38.1 35.2 34.5 34.6 34 34.5 31.1 29.4 2005 28.5 32.1 35.6 37 36.4 36.6 33.7 34 35.1 34.6 31.4 29 2006 28.2 35.9 38.5 37.1 36.8 35 35.6 35.2 35.7 34.7 32.6 30.1 2007 28.8 30.8 36.7 35.9 37.5 35.9 34.8 35.9 34.9 35.6 31.8 28.2 2008 29 30.6 34.6 36.9 36.7 35.4 34 36 34.8 34.8 32.3 29 2009 28.1 33.9 36 39.6 37.8 36.5 35.7 34.3 － － － － Mean 28.25 32.08 35.64 35.48 36.66 35.47 3408 34.82 Source: Bangladesh Meteorology Dept.-2009, Table-4.6. Year wise-Monthly minimum temperature of project area from 2000-2009 (°C) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2000 10 13.2 15.4 18 19.5 23.8 24 23.6 23 19.3 16.8 13.4 2001 9.8 12.4 16.6 20.9 19.9 24 24 22.5 21.5 19.7 15.5 12.6 2002 11.2 11.5 15.8 16.6 19.4 22 22.8 23.3 22 18.3 17.5 11.7 2003 8.1 14.2 13.5 17.8 19.6 22.5 23.4 24.2 23.5 23 14 13.2 2004 10.7 10.4 16.3 18.5 20.2 22.4 21.5 24.8 22.7 21.5 15.8 11.5 2005 11.4 11.5 19 19.6 19.7 22.5 24 24.3 23.8 20.8 16 12.2 2006 10.4 15.4 16.3 20.2 20.4 22.3 24.6 22.7 23.8 21.8 13.3 12.6 2007 9.6 12.6 15 18.1 22.5 22 23.4 24.2 24.5 19.5 16.8 11.3 2008 10.5 10.8 16.5 19.6 20.3 22.5 24.6 23.6 24.4 18 16.3 13 2009 11.1 12.2 15.8 20.4 21.6 22.6 24.4 24.3 － － － － Mean 10.28 12.42 16.02 18.97 20.31 22.66 23.67 23.75 Source: Bangladesh Meteorology Dept.-2009, EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 50 4.3.4 Relative Humidity The humidity during the wet season is significantly higher, as shown in Table 4.7 than those occurring at other times of the year. Mean maximum relative humidity for the project area is found as 99% in the month of January, whereas mean minimum relative humidity is 14.5% in the month of March during the period of 2000-2009 (Table-4.8). Table-4.7. Year wise-Monthly maximum relative humidity of project area (2000-2009) (%) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2000 99 97 98 97 99 98 98 100 98 98 98 99 2001 99 99 96 96 98 99 98 98 98 99 99 99 2002 98 94 94 98 98 98 98 99 98 97 99 99 2003 100 99 98 98 98 98 98 99 98 98 96 98 2004 100 97 98 98 98 99 99 98 98 98 98 98 2005 97 97 98 94 98 98 99 97 98 98 98 98 2006 100 98 96 96 98 99 98 95 99 98 95 97 2007 100 100 96 95 98 98 99 98 98 98 99 98 2008 98 96 95 94 96 98 98 97 98 98 97 99 2009 99 98 97 95 95 95 98 98 － － － － Mean 99 97.5 96.6 96.1 97.6 98 98.3 97.9 Source: Bangladesh Meteorology Dept.-2009, Table-4.8. Year wise-Monthly minimum relative humidity of project area (2000-2009) (%) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2000 24 14 11 39 43 49 45 52 51 47 28 28 2001 20 22 13 16 51 55 54 59 51 38 36 30 2002 26 18 16 35 47 49 55 52 45 32 28 33 2003 28 26 13 28 31 45 56 52 51 47 21 28 2004 25 17 16 40 15 50 54 52 58 32 27 27 2005 28 17 18 27 44 46 57 55 52 34 32 24 2006 21 15 6 28 40 57 55 52 51 38 26 29 2007 20 23 14 32 33 52 55 50 42 31 35 28 2008 25 13 28 23 37 51 61 57 53 32 29 33 2009 24 9 10 21 39 36 45 56 － － － － Mean 24.1 17.4 14.5 28.9 38.2 49 53.7 53.7 Source: Bangladesh Meteorology Dept.-2009, 4.3.5 Wind Speeds and Direction The predominant wind directions at the project site are from the south and southeast. From November to February the wind directions are from north to northeast and from March to EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 51 October it is from south to southeast. It can be observed from Table 4.9 that the maximum wind speed prevails during the month of September in 2004. Table -4.9. Monthly average wind speed (m/s) and prevailing wind direction at project area (2000-2009) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir 2000 0.8 N 1 N 1.2 S 1.7 S 1.3 S 1.3 S 2001 1.1 NW 0.9 NE 1.9 S 2.1 S 1.7 S 1.6 S 2002 1.3 N 1.3 NW 2 S 2.1 S 1.8 S 1.4 S 2003 1.6 NW 1.8 N 2 S 2.6 S 2.5 S 2.1 SE 2004 1.8 W 2 W 2.9 S 3 S 2.8 S 1.9 S 2005 2.1 NNW 2.2 W 2.4 S 2.3 S 2.3 S 2.3 SE 2006 1.5 N 1.9 S 2.6 NNW 2 S 2 S 1.1 S 2007 1.5 NW 1.6 NW 2.2 NW 2 S 1.8 S 1.6 S 2008 1.9 N 1.6 N 2 S 1.7 S 1.7 S 1.7 S 2009 1.7 W 2.1 W 2.1 W 2.1 S 2 S 1.6 S Year Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir 2000 1.2 S 1.2 S 1.1 S 1.7 NE 0.8 N 0.8 N 2001 2 S 1.3 S 1.5 S 1.3 S 0.9 N 1 N 2002 1.4 S 1.4 S 1.5 SE 1 N 3.3 NE 1.2 N 2003 2.1 S 2.2 SE 2.2 SE 1.7 NE 1.4 N 1.6 W 2004 2.2 SE 2.1 SE 3.2 E 2.2 SE 1.6 W 1.7 NNW 2005 2.4 SE 1.8 S 2.4 SE 2.5 SE 1.7 NW 1.9 NNW 2006 1.1 SE 2.3 SE 2.8 SE 1.2 N 1.1 NW 1.2 NW 2007 1.6 S 1.6 S 1.6 S 2.1 NE 2.8 NE 1.5 NW 2008 1.7 S 1.4 S 1.4 S 4.9 NE 1.3 NE 1.7 W 2009 2.2 SE 1.4 S － － － － － － － － Source: Bangladesh Meteorology Dept.-2009, 4.4. Ambient air quality Air quality in the Siddhirganj power plant complex is measured during Environmental study. The air quality data measured during 14-9-2010 to 15-9-2010 for 24 hours within Siddhirganj power plant complex and the data are given in Table 4.10. It shows that SPM, PM10, NOX and SO2 ambient concentrations are lower compared to the GOB (DOE) ambient air quality standards (Annex-VI). The ambient ozone is recorded by Continuous Air Monitoring Station (CAMS), BARC, Dhaka. Monthly average value calculated from 1 hr average data and is shown in Table-4.11. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 52 Table 4.10. Ambient air quality of the proposed plant site Sample locations Ambient air pollution concentration in micro gram/cubic meter PM 2.5 PM 10 SPM SO2 NOx CO Inside Siddhirganj power plant complex 57 117 347 55.39 63.17 104 Duration (Hours) 24 24 24 24 24 24 Source: 450 MW CCPP environmental team measurements (2010) Note : Method of analysis=gravimetric method (Envirotech, India, APM 550) SPM - Suspended Particulate Metter; NOX - Oxides of Nitrogen; SO2 -Sulphur-di-Oxide; PM 2.5, PM10 - Respirable dust content CO-Carbon monoxide Table-4.11. Monthly average of ambient ozone (O3) recorded in CAMS (BARC), Dhaka in ppb. Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2008 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 5.23 4.15 4.37 4.63 5.04 6.29 3.43 2009 DNA 8.01 8.04 6.48 5.20 6.36 2.89 3.78 4.48 5.29 5.09 5.38 2010 4.80 6.41 6.25 4.92 5.77 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA Source: Clean Air and sustainable environment project, DOE DNA= Data not available Data unit=ppb 4.5. Ambient Noise The EIA Team (Environmental Team) has measured the sound level from 14-9-2010 and 159-2010 and also from 26-11-2010 to 27-11-2010.during day and night time. Noise quality has been measured instantly on the side by noise meter (Type-3604-sound level meterYOKOGAWA, Japan). At each location 10 to 12 times reading were taken for two days (24 hours/day) within Siddhirganj power plant complex. The data recorded in different locations within power plant complex is found below GOB standards and are presented in Table-4.12. The detail of the DOE standards of noise level is attached in Annex-VII. Table-4.12. Noise level within the power plant complex SL No. Date Locations Category of area Site condition Concentration Day time Night time 01 14-9-2010 to 159-2010 Project west side (inside boundary) Industrial Running condition 67.44 65.33 02 14-9-2010 to 159-2010 Project east side (inside boundary) Industrial Running condition 70.39 66.17 03 14-9-2010 to 159-2010 Project south side (inside boundary) Industrial Running condition 68.18 66.31 04 14-9-2010 to 159-2010 Project north side (inside boundary) Industrial Running condition 69.11 67.39 EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 59 The dominent plant species of the bushes are Zizyphus mauritiana, Clinogyne dichotoma, Datura metel etc. The bushes protect soil erosion, flood, and drought and maintain ecological balance. 4.7.2. Terrestrial Fauna (including Forests and wildlife) Wildlife species The project impact area is rich in distribution of faunal species because of the complex habitat assemblage in small areas. Majority of animal groups use more than one habitat during their life cycle. So the faunal account has been provided without any distinction of the wetland and terrestrial habitat. During the survey it was found that most wildlife in the area are bush and woodland dependent species while some are aquatic and wetland dependent species. The most common wildlife species that are usually found in the area are Amaurornisphoenicurus, Ardeolaqrayii, Columbalivia, Dicrurusasimilis, Haliasturindus, Orthotomussatorirus, Microhylaornata, Ranatigrina, Pteropusgiganteus, Copsychussaularis, Oriolusxanthornus, Felischaus, Gekkogecko, Varanusbengalesis and the details are in Annex-X. The details endangered species of the study area is described in section 4.7.3., under Endangered species (flora and fauna). Birds There are several native bird species in the project impact area. These include: Brahminy kite (Haliastur indius); Black-headed oriole (Oriolus xantharnus); Doel (Copsychus saularis); Woodpecker (Dinopium benghalense); Purple Rumped Sunbird (Nectarina zeylonia); Sparrows (Passer domesticus); Machranga (Alcedo attis); Scarlet minivet (Pericroctus flammenes); Bulbul (Pycnonotus sp); Snipe (Gallinago), Cokil (Cuctelus sp.), and crow (corvus sp.). The detailed endangered species of the impact area is described in section 4.7.3 under Endangered species (flora and fauna) Mammals The area has been almost entirely taken over by human settlements and activities. A few types of mammals can still be found in the homestead forests, the most common are: Jackals (Canis aureus) and Indian Civet (Viverricula indica, Viverra zibetha). Reptiles and Amphibians Amphibians observed included some common species such as Kuno Bang, Kotkoti Bang (Ranacyanophlyctis), Jhi Jhi Bang (R. lirunocharis) and Sona Bang (R. tigrina); tree frog (Hyla sp.) was heard croaking. Among reptiles, common species are Common Skink (Mabuya carinata), Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor), and Wall Lizard (Gekko gecko) etc. The details are in Table-4.18. Table 4.18. Reptiles and amphibians species reported from the project area Common Name Species Lizard Hemidactylus frenatus, Hemidactylus brooki, Gekko gecko, Calotes versicolor, Varanus bengalensis EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 60 Common Name Species Snake Enhydris enhydris, Xenochrophis piscator Mono-cellate Cobra (Naja naja kaouthia) Toads and Turtles Common Toads are (Bufo melanostictus), Skipper Frog (Rana cyanophlyctis), Bull Frog (Rana tigrina). Common turtles are Kachuga tecta, Lissemys punctata 4.7.3. Aquatic and wetland species (Flora and fauna) Wetland plant species Most common wetland plant species in the proposed project area are Atlernanthera philoxeroides, Asparagus racemosus, Nal (Phragmites karka), Hijol (Barrinigtonia acutangula, Kachuri pana (Eichhornia creassipes), Kalmi lata (Ipomoea aquatica), Dhol kolmi (Ipomoea fistulosa) etc. The list of the wetland species are shown in Annex-IX. Aquatic plant species Some aquatic plant species are distributed in the depressed water body/ponds and marshland area. Nymphaea nauchali (Shapla/water lily), Leersia hexandra (Arali) are the abundant aquatic plant species. Fishes and Shrimps Many major canals, branch canals, ditches, ponds, streams, and water bodies are found across the study area. The Labeo rohita (rui), Katla katla (katla), Telapia nilotica (nilotica), Mystus vittatus (tangra), Macrognathus ocaleatus (gura icha or prawn), Heteropueustes foc/ssilis, Notopterus chitala, Channa gachua, Wallago nttu etc. are common specie of fishes in the above noted areas. Fishes in Sitalakhya river During the rainy season several species of small fishes are caught but there is no large fish like Rui, Katla, Mrigel, Kalbaus etc. During the winter season very few fishes are noted.. Small fishes found in the river are: Darkina (Esomus danricus, Puti (Punctius chola), Mola (Amblypharyongodon mola), Dhela (Rohtee cotio), Tengra (Mystus tengaera), Gussha (Mystus cavasius), Chapila (Gadusia chapra), Chanda (Chanda nama), Kachki (Corica soborna), Chela (Salmostoma phulo), Khalisha (Colisa fasciatus). The detailed endangered fish species of the study area is described in section 4.7.3. under Endangered species (flora and fauna). This may be noted that the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will consume about 14 m3/sec water from Sitalakhya river which is about 11.02% of the total flow of water (127 m3/sec as per IWM report-2007-2008) in the lean period. It is estimated that the net total consumption of water of industries surrounding Siddhirganj power plant complex area will be about 23.55% of the total flow of river whereas the rest of 76.48% river water flow will be still available for natural environment and aquatic ecology which is viable for sustainable natural environment. The details are described in section 3.7.3. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 61 4.7.4. Endangered species (Flora and fauna) The survey team during interview with local people within project impact area (5 km radius of the project site) found that the udbiral/Otter (Lutra lutra) and boro benji/mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) are rarely seen animal within the locality. The endangered fishes recorded in the study area are the P. stigma (deto puti), Colis fasciatus (khalisha), Anabus testudineus (koi), Chanda beculs (chanda), Mastacembelus armatus (baim), Clarius batrachus (magur), Chhana striatus (shole), Channa gachua (teto taki), Notopterus chitala (chital), Heteropueustes focssilis (singi), Elupisoma psendeutropius (banshpata), Wallago nitu (boal). The detail list of the endangered species according to IUCN red book is shown in Annex-XI. The proposed project will extract only 14 m3/sec of water from the Sitalakhya river which is about 11.02 m3/sec of the total flow during extreme lean period and hence will not have negative impact on the habitat of the endangered species in the river due to implementation of this proposed 450 MW CCPP. 4.8. Archeological, historical and cultural sites/resources and sensitive areas There are no archaeological sites within the project site. There are religious and cultural sites in the project impact area (within 5km of project site) and are described below. Table 4.19 shows religious and cultural sites and Table 4.20 shows archaeological heritage and relics in the project impact area (within 5km of project site). Table 4.19: Religious and cultural sites of the project impact area Thana Religious institutions Cultural organizations Bandar Mosque 212, temple 10, sacred place 2, tomb 5. Club 22, library 1, cinema hall 3, playground 17 N arayanganj Sadar Mosque 662, temple 19, church 2, tomb 12, monastery 1. Notable religious institutions are Fakirtola Jami Mosque, Amlapara Jami Mosque, Narayanganj Sadhupal Church, Dhakeshwari Mandir, N agbari Mandir and Dargah of Hazrat Shah Fatehullah Bogdadi Public library 14, club 12, theatre group 5, cinema hall 14, play ground 30, literary society 3. Rifle club Sonargaon Mosque 450, temple 35, tomb 10 Museum 1 (Fort of Isha Khan), Sonargaon Folk Arts Museum-1, rural club 26, cinema hall 6, theatre group 5, women's organisation 1, playground 19 Rupganj Mosques-327, Temple-11, Tomb-5, Prayer place-2, Baba Saleh Mosque and Tomb (est-1504) are prominent. Club-20, Cinema hall-6, women organization-1, Demra Mosque 165, temple 8. Club 12, public library 3, cinema hall 5, playground 4 Source: Banglapedia, 1996 Table 4.20: Archaeological heritage and relics of the impact area Thana Archaeological heritage and relics Bandar Bandar Shahi Mosque (1481 AD), Baba Saleh Mosque and tomb (1504 AD), Nabiganj Kadam Rasul Shrine (1580), Dewanbagh Mosque, Sonakanda Fort and Mosque. N arayanganj Sada r Isa Khan's fort at Hajiganj and tomb of Bibi Mariam Sonargaon Jalaluddin Fath Shah (1489 AD), single dome mosque built by Alauddin Husain Shah (1522), tomb of Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah (1410 AD), tomb of Shah Langar (1422). Rupganj Residence of Murapara Jaminder, Demra - Source: Banglapedia, 1996 EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 62 CHAPTER-5: PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS The public consultations were conducted (during Sep-Oct-2010) in and around the project sie in which people of different categories were participated. The main purpose of the public consultation was to assess the concern of the people about construction of 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj Power Plant complex compound and also overall acceptability of the project by people, their perception about the impacts both adverse and beneficial effects including expectations etc. The detail public consultation findings are described below. 5.1. Approach and methods In order to conduct the socio-economic assessment to identify and scope of impact for construction of 450 MW CCPP, a number of tools were developed with specific attention to address gender concerns and implications. The checklist for the Focused Group Discussion (FGDs) was the key tool developed. As a number of different groups with common as well as differentiated interests and concerns were to be engaged, the checklist for each group required some specific focus. A checklist was developed to collect relevant information from different interest group. In addition to basic socio-demographic information, the problems associated with construction of 450 MW CCPP and post 450 MW CCPP construction situation and community awareness issues also addressed in the checklist. The FGD was conducted among different groups within project impact area (5km of the project site) and are shown in Fig-5.1. The details checklist and questionnaires for FGD is shown in Annex-XII. 5.2. Findings of the public consultation Many issues were raised in the public consultations meetings. Details of which are presented below (and includes EGCB Ltd. Liability beginning in 2011): (i) Spills of petroleum will not affect soil fertility and there is no expected adverse effect which may cause detrimental affect to the surrounding agricultural land. (ii) The project activities will not affect any livelihood and residents so, there may not be any kind of compensation payments in and around project area. (iii) Environmental pollution due to noise, air pollution from emission of gases and effluent discharges from power plant and as well as other social nuisance should be controlled. (iv) A great deal of apprehension exists among the participants that an accident problem may cause death to many workers/labours during pilling and construction activities. Standard precautions must be taken, so that this type of accident is not repeated in this area. (v) There is no people living in the old store area and no resettlement issues EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 63 Fig-5.1. FGD for Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP within project study area Expectation of the people: The following expectation from the local people were raised during the consultation (a) Construction work should be completed within schedule. (b) Local people and businessmen should be employed in different activities of the project on priority basis (c) When proposed project will be operated the villagers shall get the benefit out of it (d) The villagers expect to get good quality of environment by installing a power plant of good quality, which will be able to provide uninterrupted power supply and will be able to keep air, noise pollution and natural water ways of the project impact area within WB and DoE’s specific guidelines as shown below in Table-.6.1. Table-5.1. Brief extract of public consultation Issues raised during public consultation Phases of the project Measures addressed Noise, dust and emissions Construction and operation This raisd concern has been properly addressed in the EIA report and bid documents Reflection of Public consultation related to power plant construction: The suggestion and expectation of the people consulted during public consultation are mainly focused on the installation of an environmental friendly power plant in the Siddhirganj power plant complex which will not have negative environmental and social impact in the surrounding environment and will also be beneficial for the people of the locality in all respect. In addition, GOB and WB guidelines, be addressed in all phases of the project to protect environment and life of the people. These issues are mainly addressed in the impact and mitigation chapter (Chapter-7) and also in the environmental management chapter (Chapter-8) and also adhered to referred GOB and WB regulations/guidelines. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 64 CHAPTER-6: ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS 6.1. Introductory description This Section provides an assessment of alternative site and technology options for the proposed 450 MW CCPP, which is an integral part of environmental impact assessment. For completeness, the scenario under “no project” situation, has also been discussed in this section. 6.2. Criteria for choosing suitable well site The precise location of a 450 MW CCPP site is dependent upon the characteristics of the underlying environmental and technical feasibility. The following criteria were used for preliminary selection of the project site: 1. Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP needs to be technically feasible to produce necessary production and meet proposed demand of power generation 2. Feasible to build the plant within given area 3. Accessibility to the project site, Human settlements 4. Ecological condition and Ecological sensitivity 5. Socio-economic condition and public opinion etc. 6. sub-soil surveys during dry and wet seasons 6.3 Project location Siddhirganj Power Plant complex has large number of power generating industries located within the compound. Another big industrial complex named as Adamjee EPZ which is located adjacent to Siddhirganj Power Plant complex. Adamjee EPZ contains large number of industries of versatile nature. Out side the above noted industrial complexes, there are also many medium and small industries scattered around the project area. 6.4. Technology options 450 MW CCPP is a modern technology with sophisticated environmental friendly machine for generation of power. These units require reasonable space and electricity to run the plant. There are few major components of the proposed 450 MW CCPP which are gas turbine combined cycle, heat trapping steam boiler, Steam turbine etc. The 450 MW CCPP can generate power with high efficiency and reliability. This will replace small old units and will be suitable for long term benefit. 6.5. Alternative site selection analysis 6.5.1. Description of alternative sites that border each other is shown in Fig-6.1 &-6.2. Site-1 for proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj compound: EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 65 Location description Site #1 (Map-6.1) will be distributed as fallow land area within Siddhirganj Power Plant compound. Geological aspects The geology of the study area is known as Brahmaputra Meghna Flood Plain. The site is medium highland and is used as current fallow land Access road There is existing access road to the proposed Siddhirgnaj 450 MW CCPP. Canal/Khal and water bodies There are no canals/khals/ close to the proposed project site. There are some canals out side Siddhirganj compound and the Sitalakhya river is running adjacent on the eastern side of the Siddhirganj Power Plant complex. Settlements The proposed 450 MW CCPP site will not be very close to residential area within power plant complex. Vegetation and agriculture The proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP site will not damage agricultural cropland and homestead vegetation with wild life habitat. Dust during construction Dust during construction of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will not much affect adjacent residential area as the residential area is not very close to project site. Ecologically sensitive areas Ecologically sensitive areas will not be affected. Total acquired land area The total land required for installation of the project will be approx. 9.24 acres and additional land for access road. Noise pollution There will be limited noise pollution to the local residence during project activities as the project site is located surrounding factories and large barrier wall. Project cost and public opinion Project cost will be more or less similar to site # 2. Site-2 for proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj Power Plant complex compound: Location description EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 66 Site#2 (Map-6.2) will be located adjacent to crowded areas within Siddhirganj Power Plant compound. Geological aspects The geology of the study area is known as Brahmaputra Meghna Flood Plain. The site is medium highland and is used as current fallow land Access road There is existing access road to the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. Canal/Khal and water bodies There are no canals/khals/ close to the proposed project site. There are some canals out side Siddhirganj compound and the Sitalakhya river is running adjacent on the eastern side of the Siddhirganj Power Plant complex. Housing settlements The selection of site # 2 for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will occupy school campus and needs relocation of school compound. In addition to that the proposed site is very much close to the existing residential areas within Siddhirganj power plant complex and will also approach very near to Mosque. Vegetation and agriculture The proposed project site will not damage any agriculture land or vegetations. Dust during construction Dust during construction of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will affect nearest residents compared to site # 1 as it will be very close to residential accommodation of the Siddhirganj power plant complex. Ecological sensitive area Ecological sensitive area will not be affected. Total acquired land area The total land required for installation of the project will be approx. 9.24 acres. Noise pollution There will be high level noise pollution to the local residence during project activities as the project site is located surrounding residential area. 6.6. Analysis of alternative site selection All the two Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP site locations were examined from different aspects such as environment, ecology, soil and land use, social acceptance etc. and ranked to provide an indication of their relative merits. The rankings are made from 0 to 10 where 0 is considered least suitable and 10 is the most suitable. From detail analysis it is found that site #1 is suitable compared to other sites and the data is presented in Table-6.1. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 67 Table-6.1. Analysis for selection of suitable alternate site Parameters Relative value with respect to different sites Site #1 Site #2 Accessibility 6 5 Topography 4 3 Technical 5 3 Ecological 6 5 Land acquisition 4 4 Social acceptance 7 4 Settlements 7 3 Mean 5.57 3.86 6.7. No project scenario Bangladesh is facing a major electrical power shortage for the last one decade. The shortfall aggravated during the last 2-3 three years and the total power scenario is very complex one. The supply demand situation in this sector will drastically hamper the development in all sectors of life including those in agricultural, industrial, commercial and domestic sectors. Particularly, the agricultural sector and the industrial sector productivity stoppage may lead to catastrophic disaster in the country in future. There is no alternative than to add more power generating units to the existing power system of Bangladesh within a shortest possible time frame. This is due not only to meet the increase in demand, but also due to aging of the existing power generating units most of which will near their life cycle very shortly. Both, base load and peaking plants are necessary to be added to the system, so that the whole system can run economically and efficiently. The current proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will be a tremendous breakthrough in terms of long term supply to meet the demand of current power crisis in Bangladesh. 6.7.1. Merits of Combined Cycle Power Plant Gas turbines are most suited for peaking duty and also have the capacity to run at continuous base load. Thus, when married to a Rankin cycle steam, its flexible characteristic is transmitted to this hybrid machine. At base load duties, thermal efficiency of 50% and above as compared to 37% for steam power plants and 35% for gas turbine power plant can be achieved. The advantages of combined-cycle technology can be summarized as follows: a) lower capital cost than other fossil fuel power alternatives. b) the short lead time for construction plus modular installation permits adapting capacity additions to fit uncertain load growth; c) capital costs are relatively firm because of the short lead time. d) the high efficiency results in lower fuel consumption with resultant minimum environmental pollution per kWh produced, and conservation of primary energy e) the smaller number of operation and maintenance personnel than conventional steam plants reduces the O&M cost. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 68 Fig-6.1. Alternative site-1 for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj Power Plant complex EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 75 and sands will be kept in a designated place within the project site and covered accordingly. 7.2.3. Impacts on surface water Impact origin The major sources of impacts on surface water are drilling for pilling works, casting of construction works, construction run off etc.. The mixtures for casting are likely to compose of clay stone, siltstone and sand stone, cement and rock etc. Impact analysis The piling work for construction will be conducted by micro piling techniques which will not generate any run off of mud and drain in the surrounding water ways while stabilizing 450 MW CCPP with ground conditions. 7.2.4. Impact on Ground water Impact origin Major sources are from leaks, spills, releases of fuels, oils, etc. The pilling works will be followed by casting works which may generate cement mixture that shall be contained within the project site. Impact Analysis The piling work for construction will be conducted by micro piling techniques which will not generate any mud and no chance of leaching of mud in the under ground water. 7.2.5. Impact due to noise and vibration Impact origin Construction activities will disturb the rural people and wildlife. During construction works vehicles including batching plant for casting will also operate in and out of the field. Pumps, motors, generators will be running that will contribute some noise. Impact analysis EGCB Ltd. will ensure that the EPC contractor shall use available batching plant for casting and other modern mechanical construction equipment that will have relatively low intensity of noise. The project site is protected with concrete boundary walls which will work as a sound barrier. In addition, the villagers are living out side the concrete boundary and may not be affected due to sound pollution. 7.2.6. Impacts on socioeconomic conditions Impact origin Construction activities will be for a short period and during operation period skilled and unskilled workers will be engaged. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 76 Impact analysis Most of the construction activities are conducted by skilled and mostly unskilled labours. Most unskilled labours will be hired from local areas to avoid conflict about job opportunity in the locality. Therefore, local employments will be increased. 7.2.7. Impacts on the biological resources Impact origin Filling of land with excavated soil and run off from construction activities including sewage discharges of workers may cause disturbance to the wetland species. Noise due to construction activities may cause disturbance to the wildlife. Impact analysis The project site is medium highland within Siddhirganj Power Plant compound and surrounded by concrete wall and therefore, no wetland species will be affected due to construction activities. The workers will use toilets with septic tank facilities and therefore, there will be no sewage discharges out side the project site. The construction activities, movement of construction equipment will be confined within Siddhirganj Power Plant compound and for day period. Since the construction activities is for short time, if the wild life is disturbed for construction noise they will come back after the major construction operation is over. 7.3. Environmental impacts during 450 MW CCPP operation phase 7.3.1. Impact on land and soil Impact origin During operation period various activities will be involved such as operation, maintenance etc. which will involve movement of workers and officials in and around the power plant and may also release some solid and liquid discharges in the surrounding land and soil unless proper management is carried out and mitigated. Impact analysis EGCB Ltd. ensures that the appointed EPC contractor will keep the project site tidy and will follow appropriate solid waste management program. The solid and kitchen waste will be segregated at source and temporarily disposed in a primary collection point and from there it will be disposed to the designated solid waste dumping site. In addition to that WB Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant-2008 (Annex-III) and Environmental, Heath and Safety general guidelines (2007) including other GoB/WB guidelines will be followed by EPC contractor and therefore there will not have any such accidental release of chemicals in the surrounding land and soil. 7.3.2. Impact on Air EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 77 Impact origin During operation ambient air quality may be affected due to emission of flue gases from the gas turbine stack and incomplete burning of gases from the operation of gas turbine. Pollution of air increased when gas used as fuel contains high percentage of impurities like sulfur, hydrocarbon, nitrogen etc. The high temperature of flue gas also produces impacts on the air quality in terms of thermal pollution. The combustion of fossil fuels for power generation inevitably results in emission of gaseous pollutants to the atmosphere. The major pollutants of potential concern are sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and Carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of (CO2) also cause greenhouse effect and contribute in the global warming. In addition, natural gas used as fuel for power generation may also contains dust particles and can affect air quality with high concentration of particulate matters. During operation emission of gases may occur occasionally from generators or motors. Impact analysis The proposed power plant would be of latest design with an optimum efficiency of combined cycle. Hence there will be less CO2 emission per unit of energy (kWh) generated. Natural gas would be used as fuel and gas available in Bangladesh contains little amount of impurities (0.728 per cent nitrogen obtained from secondary data which can not be quoted). Therefore, there would be more likely no SO2 emission. NOx will be mostly inhibited by appropriate measure in the system design. For well dispersion of the hot air from gas turbine height of stack shall be properly designed depending on the mixing zone and on the basis of surrounding base line environment. This will ensure wider dispersion of NOx and hence its emission will be dispersed over a wide area giving very negligible concentration as compared to the limit set in GOB (Annex-V) and WB Standards as shown in Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant-2008 in Annex-III. Hot gases will be led into the exhaust stack and the height from the ground level to discharge the exhausted gases into atmosphere will have to establish based on the design as stated above. The secondary data indicates that exit velocity of the gases from the chimney may be around 30 meter/second but it may not be true in all cases. The height of the chimney shall be adequate for evacuation of hot gases from the turbine and will not have any such impact in the air quality. The natural gas available in Bangladesh would be used as fuel for the proposed combined cycle power plant and the gas contains more likely no dust, there shall be no significant concentration of particulate in the exhaust gas. Any particulate in the exhaust gases is likely to be dust drawn in through the air intakes. Proper filters and appropriate maintenance of the filters on the air intake will prevent this problem and will be carried EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 78 out as part of the maintenance schedule. Exhaust emission sampling is proposed to be carried out by on-line system. This may be noted that It was not possible to conduct a power plant emission modelling due to time constrain, therefore, it is suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct an above noted emission dispersion modeling for appropriate functioning of the power plant complying GOB and WB guidelines. The generators and motors may exhaust minor amount of CO2, CO and traces of sulfur might be present. EGCB Ltd. will ensure that appointed EPC contractor shall minimize any exhaust emission including green house gases and follow WB Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant -2008 (Annex-III), Environmental, Heath and Safety general guidelines (2007) including other GoB guidelines and relevant international guidelines. The vehicles and other equipment will be properly maintained to avoid any excess exhaust emission including above noted gases and will meet DOE (Bangladesh) and WB Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant -2008 standards (Annex-III). 7.3.3. Impact on surface water and ground water Impact origin Approximately 14 m3/sec of make up water will be pumped in from the river. The withdrawn of water from Sitalakhya may have long term impact on the river water users and other stake holders. During operation there my have chance of releasing less treated wastes containing chemicals, oil substance, plant washing water from ETP, sewage and thermal load in the water ways etc. There will be continuous make-up of lubricating oil to the GT and STG. This will be supplied by engine driven pumps through lube oil coolers. A portion of the lube oil will be cleaned by means of centrifuge oil purifier and will be put back into engine oil pump. Samples of oil from engine system will be periodically taken for laboratory analysis to ensure quality of oil to acceptable specification. In case of oil quality deteriorating, the engine oil will be replaced with clean batch and the used engine oil may be released in the water ways. Impact analysis The feasibility report for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP indicated that the plant will consume approximately 14 m3/sec which is about 11.02% of the total flow of water (127 m3/sec as per IWM report-2007-2008) in the lean period. It is estimated that the industries surrounding Siddhirganj power plant complex area will consume net 23.55% of the total flow of river whereas the rest of 76.48% river water EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 79 flow will be still available for natural environment and aquatic ecology which is viable for sustainable natural environment. In spite of this estimation, it is strongly suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct water modelling study before designing 450 MW CCPP. The details about water abstraction and availability of water in the Sitalakhya river is described in section 3.7.3. EGCB Ltd. will ensure that EPC contractor follows International maintenance and product vendor recommended practices and maintenance guidelines including WB Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (2008) and other GoB guidelines including relevant international guidelines. to minimize waste discharges within GOB/WB limits and protect surrounding environment and ground water. The proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will take reasonable amount of water from adjacent Sitalakhya river through an intake structure. A portion of the withdrawn water will undergo chemical treatment to provide boiler make-up water and rest of water will be used in close circuit cooling system for ancillary equipment and condenser. During over hauling of cooling tower and boiler blow down, the waste water will be treated in the ETP of power plant and discharge in to the river through discharge channel complying industrial (power plant) waste water discharge guidelines of GOB and WB. The GOB industrial discharge guideline is shown in Annex-XIII. Care will be taken in the design of water system for the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP that no contamination or waste is carried to the river. Thus, the river water will remain free from any sort of negative impact originated from the power plant. The dirty oil from the engine will be collected in drums and proposed to be supplied to the prospective re-users in an environmental friendly manner. There will have regular routine check up of the water and solids of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP, which will meet international and DoE standards including WB Environmental, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (2008) standards without failure before releasing to the natural environment. Therefore, there will not have any chances of releasing of improper treated wastes in to the surrounding environment and natural water ways from the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. In case there is any such accident happened, the Power cell under MPEMR, GOB will ensure that the EPC contractor be solely responsible during their contract period where EGCB will monitor the whole process. After the end of contract period and commercial hand over, the EGCB ltd. will take the responsibility and do the needful. But in any case, the unlawful mismanagement from the side of appointed EPC contractor during implementation of the proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex shall not be borne by the EGCB Ltd. or GOB. 7.3.4. Impact due to noise and vibration Impact origin During operational phase significant level of noise and vibration would be generated from the gas turbine and steam turbine, exhaust gas system, and charge air system. In addition, there will be movements of vehicles and noise of motors including other EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 80 machineries. All these activities may create some noise. These may create psychological and physical effects on human health. Impact analysis The noise level at the power plant will be reduced by putting baffle type silencers in both inlet duct and exhaust duct to arrest noise due to flow of air and exhaust gases respectively. The noise due to running of the machine will be arrested by acoustic enclosures. In addition to that noise reduction mechanism shall be integrated in the plant building design by EPC contractor to meet regulatory standards (GoB regulations and WB Environmental, Health and safety guidelines for Thermal power Plant -2008) during operation. All vehicles will be maintained properly and scheduled during day activities. All related machineries of the power plant will be operated within confined rooms and also within the compound of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP power plant site and also Siddhirganj Power Plant compound surrounded by concrete wall and plantation along the boundary wall as a barrier of noise. The noise level immediately out side power plant building wall must be maintained within the limit of GOB and WB Environmental Health and Safety general guidelines (2007), Environmental, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (2008) and international standards. Therefore, very limited noise (within acceptable limit) will be heard from out side the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project site which in any case will not affect adjacent school children and residents. The workers will use safety device for protection of their ears following DoE and WB Environmental, Health and Safety general guidelines (2007), Environmental, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (2008) and other relevant International guidelines. Plant foundation shall be designed to minimize vibration effect. 7.3.5. Impact on biological resources Impact origin The treated waste will always meet the DoE and International guidelines and their standards. But any accidental release of improper treated discharges, used engine oils, sewage and plant wash etc., may damage surrounding water ways and eco-system. Wildlife might be disturbed by machinery noise and vehicular movements and human activities during operations. Impact analysis The EGCB Ltd. corporate office will have regular routine check up of the treated wastes of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP, which will meet international and DoE/WB standards without failure before releasing in to the natural environment. Therefore, there will not have any chances of releasing of improper treated wastes, used engine oils, sewage etc., in to the surrounding environment/natural water ways from the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. In case there is any such accident happened, the Power cell under MPEMR, GOB will ensure that the EPC contractor be solely responsible during their contract period and pay compensation for the damage after confirmation from laboratory test and EGCB Ltd. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 81 will monitor the whole process. After the end of the contract period, the EGCB ltd. will take the responsibility for proper operation and maintenance. All vehicles used in the project activities will be properly maintained to avoid any kind of spills to the surrounding biological resources. In addition, noise from vehicle, plant equipment and human activities will be minimized and confined within scheduled daytime to avoid any impacts on the surrounding wild life. 7.3.6. Impact on socio-economic condition Impact origin During operation both unskilled and skilled workers will be employed. There might be conflict about hiring of workers among the community. Impact analysis Most unskilled workers will be hired from the local community and therefore there will be no chance of conflict of interest among community workers. In addition, more employments will be generated due to installation of the proposed project. 7.4. Application of Impact Assessment Methods 7.4.1. Impact Assessment Methods general The heavy construction activities of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP may have impacts on the environment causing damages to natural, physical and ecological resources and to human quality of life values. These impacts are well understood in general terms. These impacts will of course, vary in nature according to the vulnerabilities of each Important Environmental Components (IEC) depending on the location and ecological characteristics of project construction site. Department of Environment (DoE) of Bangladesh provides guidelines for applications for impact assessment in its publication “EIA Guidelines for Industries”. The EIA team identifies the potential adverse impacts and tries to quantify the impacts as far as practicable. This section of the report evaluates the significance of the impacts for considering appropriates mitigation measures to reduce or offset the adverse impacts. The severity of the impacts on each of the IEC's were analyzed depending on the scale of impact, probability of impacts, duration of impacts and probability of recovery due to mitigations. Summary of anticipated impacts and severity of impacts on each of the IEC's is given in Tabl-8.1 and also provides the impact evaluation in a matrix form based on the consultant’s judgments on the understanding of the residual impacts after implementing the planned mitigation measures. The construction activities of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP may result in a number of environmental interactions and resultant effects. In common with many industrial activities these may involve operating discharges (solids, liquids, gases and also heat if any), disturbance (audible, physical) and risks of accidental events. This section of the EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 82 report describes the likely environmental effects introduced to the environment as a result, of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP construction program, and assesses their potential implications. The sources of potential environmental impact are categorized into routine and accidental effects. Routine effects are the product of normal operating procedures and working practices. Non-routine or accidental events leading to environmental effects may be predicted and planned for and to some extent avoided with management. The levels of environmental effect are expressed in quantitative terms (where possible) and the nature, extent, duration and effects described. The nature of effect of a particular disturbance (or input) on biological systems is often difficult to quantify. Hence general statements are made on resultant impact, although specific cause effect impact relationships are identified where known. 7.4 .2. Review of DOE guidelines for Impact Assessment Methods. Checklist and Matrix Methods At the IEE stage it is necessary to know the whole range of potential Impacts on the various environmental components due to various project activities, if possible quantitatively, or at least qualitatively. Impacts may be considered as a result of interaction between the Project and the Environment. Impacts are essentially changes in the Environment. Thus: [Project] + [Environment] = [Changed Environment] Since, different activities involved in implementing and operating a project would have impacts on different components of the environment, it is desirable to classify the project into various activities and the environment into different components. It must be noted that each project activity may not impact all the environmental components, and that each environmental component may be not significantly impacted by the project activities. Hence, even if the numbers of project activities and environmental components may be large, the potential significant impacts may be limited in number. The classification of a project into various activities improves our understanding of the project form an environmental viewpoint. This breaking down of the project into activities can be best done by the project details and requirements. The identification of project activities should not be confined to the construction and operating phases of the project under normal environment, e.g. power-tripping, equipment breakdown etc should also be addressed in terms of their potential adverse impacts. Lists of project activities and environmental components serve as checklists, and these together provide a framework in identifying quickly the impacting activities and the environmental components, which would get impacted upon. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 83 Checklists Checklists are normative considerations evolved out of the examination of activity component relationships of the impact framework. Where qualitative or quantitative evaluations are attempted each impact area is associated with a list of environmental parameters. The checklists serve as a reminder of all possible relationships and impacts out of which a set relevant to specific study may be chosen. Several such checklists have been developed and published as guidelines and manuals. However it is always possible that an important local factor may be left out of the generic checklists that appear in EIA guidelines. The checklists help people in responsible positions to become more aware of what they should be looking for when assessing a proposed project. Checklists can be classified into descriptive, scaling and weight-scaling categories. However, the New ADB published IEE checklist is a good example of a simple and direct approach to making an initial evaluation. 7.4.3. Matrix A matrix is a development of basic checklists, into a form of more easily examined, graphic activity-component interaction. The matrix consists of a horizontal list of development activities displayed against a vertical list of environmental factors. The matrix is used to identify impacts by systematically checking each development activity against each environmental parameter. It provides cause-effect relationships between the various project activities and their impacts on the numerous environmentally important sectors or components. Having set up the activity – component linkages of “suspected impact relationship” it is possible to do some more speculation regarding.  Adverse of beneficial impacts  Size of the impact (High, moderate or negligible)  Duration of the impact (short term, long term or continuous or sporadic)  Nature of the impact (reversible or irreversible)  Present understanding of the impact (i.e. adequate, not adequate or even impossible) All the above are basically impact attributes or impact characteristics. The significance of an impact depends on:  The number of people affected  The duration of an effect EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 84  The proportion of a natural resource which is damaged or consumed  Relationships with the other components of the project or other projects in the region, and  Intensity of severity of the impact. The matrix method is amenable for indicating the impact characteristics. This can be done either at the level of group activities versus group components, or individual activities against individual components. It must be remembered that matrix presentation essentially aims at improving the communicability between the impact analysts, decisionmakers and the people. However the checklist and matrix approach have limitations, which are as follows:  Impact characteristics are a kind of subjective prediction as well as assessment.  They do not consider component to component or secondary impacts. In spite of the above mentioned drawbacks, checklists and matrices are extensively used as assessment methods, due to their simplicity. 7.4.4. Potential Environmental Impacts of the project activities The potential impacts associated with the pre-construction, construction and operation phases of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP site is evaluated with respect to the National and International standards and criteria. Large numbers of Important Environmental Components (IECs) have been selected on the basis of the guidelines of the DOE and their negative impacts in respect to the different activities of the proposed project component are shown in Table7.1. Table-7.1. Project activities and potential negative impacts for 450 MW CCPP construction Proposed project activities Effect on the Environment/ecology/social life Type of impact Duration of impact Intensity of impact 450 MW CCPP Pre-construction and design impacts a. Survey and land allocation b. Displacement of settlements, during laying of foundation of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP c. Set-up of campsite d. demolition of old store & a boundary wall on the south-east side of the proposed site e. Dredging of sand for land filling Impact on social life and environment: a. There is chance of damage of ecology and agricultural field b. Dislocation of settlements and loss of livelihood c. May disturb local community and share resources d. Impact on air and human health, land and soil e. Impact of agricultural land A A A A A short short short Short Short L L L L L EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 91 Proposed project activities Potentially Significant Impacts Mitigation measures Implementation responsibility Supervising responsibility - Generation of construction waste p er hour within the Siddhirganj Power Plant complex and 05 Km/hr in front of the school and mosque during school and pray hour -Hauling of construction debris away from the site and their appropriate disposal in a designated municipal landfill c. Exhaust emission and smoke from construction equipment, construction vehicles during construction works c. Impact on air quality and human health c. Regular checking of vehicle by trained auto technicians -avoid old vehicles and minimize exhaust and smoke emission from construction vehicles and equipments -The equipments will be kept in good working order c.– EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement c.EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP d. oil and grease spill & leakage from construction vehicles and construction equipment during construction works d. Impact on soil and water quality, flora, fauna and human health including ecosystem d. -Trained operator for correct fuel transfer Techniques -Ensure regular maintenance of equipment to prevent diesel and hydraulic oil spills -Tidiness will be kept -Proper handling of lubricating oil and fuel will be ensured -Collection of accidental spillage, proper treatment, and disposal will be ensure d d.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement d.EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP e. Noise pollution from construction vehicles, construction equipment and during construction works e. Sound pollutionnuisance to human, wild life, livestock e.- ensure good vehicle including proper load carrying practice -all vehicles shall use good silencer for reducing noise during their movements -Noise suppressors and mufflers will be used in heavy equipment -Heavy construction equipment will be used, avoiding school hours and also at night time -Prolonged exposure to noise will be restricted to e.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement e. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 92 Proposed project activities Potentially Significant Impacts Mitigation measures Implementation responsibility Supervising responsibility the (produced by equipment) workers -Buffer zone between the school and construction site is already created by existing compound wall of Siddhirganj Power Plant compound which will work as a safety barrier to protect School and household children during construction. f. soil erosion and uncover of cultural property due to excavation and pilling works and also disturbance of soil during construction f. Turbidity and sedimentation -damage of cultural property f.-soil should be stockpiled in a place to avoid run-off -Exposed soil areas, excavated materials should be watered during dry condition -Excavated soil will be confined within the Siddhirganj Power Plant compound and not be released in the environment out side Siddhirganj Power Plant compound -In case culturally valuable materials are uncovered during excavation or any project activities, work should be stopped and follow GOB rules and WB Cultural property management guidelines (OP-4.20) as described in this EIA's section 2.7.1.3. and 8.10. f.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement f. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP g. Pollution of water resources due to direct discharge of construction runoff g. Contamination of water/soil and impact on flora, fauna gA d e q uate r un-off an d drainage control in construction areas will be provided. Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling ponds prior to final discharge. Direct discharge into surface watercourses out side Siddhirganj Power Plant compound will not be allowed. Earth, stones and solid waste will be properly stockpiled and disposed of so that these do not block water flows g.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement g.EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 93 Proposed project activities Potentially Significant Impacts Mitigation measures Implementation responsibility Supervising responsibility of any canals, rivers and streams, out side Siddhirganj Power Plant compound thereby avoiding adverse impact on water quality and flow re g ime. h. Transportation of equipment, materials and personnel; storage of materials h.-Increased traffic/navigation -Generation of noise, especially affecting the nearby school and residential areas -Deterioration of air quality from increased vehicular movement, affecting people in the surrounding areas -Wind-blown dust from material (e.g., fine aggregate) storage areas h.-Scheduling of deliveries during nonschool hours and after regular working hours -School going children should be protected from traffic hazard - Vehicles will be keeping under good condition, with regular checking of vehicle condition to ensure compliance with national standard of emission (from vehicles) - Watering unpaved/dusty roads -Sprinkling and covering stockpiles -Covering top of trucks carrying materials to the site and carrying construction debris away from the site h.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement h.EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP i. Dredging of sand or excavating of soil for land filling i. Turbidity and sedimentation -may have impact on soil of agricultural land i. Dredging of sand will be done from designated approve area of the river following GOB guidelines -dredged materials will be placed in a confined fenced with bamboo having jute cloth lining to avoid any kind of leaking in to the surrounding water ways and nearby areas. i.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement i. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP j. Sewage and domestic waste j. contamination of water quality, impact on human health, flora, fauna and ecosystem j. All toilets during construction works will have facility with septic tank to avoid any sewage contamination to the natural water ways. -EPC contractor shall ensure to screen domestic waste at source and dispose in the municipality damp yard to j.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement j. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 94 Proposed project activities Potentially Significant Impacts Mitigation measures Implementation responsibility Supervising responsibility avoid nuisance. k. Socio-economic impacts k. Employment opportunity kEmployment of local people as much as possible -Provide sufficient notification to the surrounding people about the intended onset of project activities -Sufficient water and sanitation facility for work force k.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement k. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP l. Accidental hazards l. Impact on the workers health and environment l.-Regular inspection and maintenance of equipment -Environmental health and safety briefing -Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) l.-EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement l. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP Operation phase Impact on environment/biodi versity and social life: a. During 450 MW CCPP operation phase, heat, flue gas and other gases will be released a.-Impact on the air quality and increase of various gases in the air a.- The proposed power plant would be of latest design with an optimum efficiency of combined cycle. Hence there will be less CO2 emission per unit of energy (kWh) generated. NOx will be mostly inhibited by appropriate measure in the system design and its emission will be within the GOB limit. - The natural gas of Bangladesh has contain less impurities and more likely will not have SO2 emission. -Generated heat will be dispersed through chimney of at least 50 meters/ reasonable height as per design so that the emission will not have any adverse impact in the surrounding atmosphere. a..- Contractor will be responsible during contract period and EGCB Ltd. will take necessary measures after ends of contract period a. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and Instrument section of EGCB Ltd, including owner’s engineers will fix any problem after contract period. EMU-EGCB will monitor. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 95 Proposed project activities Potentially Significant Impacts Mitigation measures Implementation responsibility Supervising responsibility b. Generation of noise from power plant operation, human activities and vehicle movement b.-Sound pollutionnuisance to human, wild life, livestock b.- The noise level at the power plant will be reduced by putting baffle type silencers in both inlet duct and exhaust duct to arrest noise due to flow of air and exhaust gases respectively. The noise due to running of the machine will be arrested by acoustic enclosures. -Noise reduction is to be integrated in the plant building design to meet the regulatory standards during operation. -All vehicles will be maintained properly and scheduled during day activities. -Provision of silencers for generators -Routine maintenance of plant -Regular noise monitoring, especially at the school and residential quarters located close by -The workers of the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will use safety device for protection of their ears (ear-muffs and ear-plugs etc.) following DoE and International guidelines. -Plant foundation shall be designed to minimize vibration effect. -Planting of indigenous trees and shrubs around the project sties and in addition there will be concrete wall around the campus of Siddhirganj b.-EGCB Ltd will ensure that EPC contractor takes measures for protection of noise pollution during contract period and after contract period EMU of EGCB Ltd. will take necessary measures against noise pollution b. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and Instrument section of EGCB Ltd, including owner’s engineers will fix any problem after contract period. EMU-EGCB will monitor. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 96 Proposed project activities Potentially Significant Impacts Mitigation measures Implementation responsibility Supervising responsibility power complex and therefore, there will be no chance of any noise pollution to the school and residents in and out side campus. c.- water consumption for the process of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP - Quality of drinking water supply for staff/workers c. Impact on the flow of surface water and its quality -Depletion of ground water -impact on human health due to lack of good quality of drinking water c. –About 14 m3/sec of water from Sitalakhya river will be consumed for plant operation which is about 11.02 % of the total flow (approx. 127 m3/sec) in lean period and sufficient water will be left for river eco-system. -Necessary treatment & filtration of water will be done to ensure good quality of drinking water for plant personnel. c. -EGCB Ltd., ensures that EPC contractor, conduct recent water modeling study for understanding of current and future availability of water for proper operation of proposed power plant and also maintains operation properly during their tenure and after contract period the concern engineering group including EMU of EGCB Ltd., will be responsible for monitoring and taking appropriate mitigation measures c. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and HRSG section of EGCB Ltd., including owner’s engineer will fix and EMU of EGCB Ltd., will monitor. d.-Thermal load discharge in the river water/surface water d.- Impact on the river ecology and aquatic life d.- The environment friendly high techmachine will be used in the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP which will release used water with low temperature level and will be within the limit of GOB standards and cooling tower will be in place. d. EGCB Ltd. ensures that EPC contractor discharges thermal load within GOB/WB standards during their tenure and after contract period EGCB will take necessary measures to keep thermal load within GOB/WB standards d. Concern unit of EPC contractor will be responsible during construction period and after commercial hand over HRSG or boiler section of EGCB Ltd., will fix and EMU unit of EGCB will monitor. e. Discharge of improper treated effluent from ETP of power plant f.-Improper treatment of effluent (Possible discharge of higher level of some or all parameters above GOB and international acceptable standards) f.-Regular routine monitoring of treated discharged effluent of the ETP of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP - Any deviation from the acceptable limit of any parameter of discharged effluent from Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP shall be addressed immediately -Part of the withdrawn water will undergo chemical treatment to provide boiler make-up e. EGCB Ltd. will monitor that EPC contractor complies ETP discharge limit of WB and GOB and after contract period EGCB ltd. will take similar measures for compliance of ETP discharges limit of WB and GOB e. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and after contract period Civil engineering unit of EGCB Ltd. will fix and EMU of EGCB Ltd., will monitor EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 97 Proposed project activities Potentially Significant Impacts Mitigation measures Implementation responsibility Supervising responsibility and other close cycle cooling in ancillary equipment. The wastewater will be treated to meet GOB/WB guidelines prior to discharge to the river f.- Discharge of used engine oil and other waste from boiler drawdown f.- Impact on water and soil ecology f.- The dirty oil from the engine will be collected in drums and proposed to be supplied to the prospective re-users in an environmental friendly manner. f.-EPC contractor will comply discharge limit of GOB and WB during their contract period and after contract period Environmental unit of EGCB Ltd., will regularly monitor and report to the higher authority to take proper mitigation measures f. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and after contract period Civil engineering unit of EGCB Ltd. will fix and EMU of EGCB Ltd., will monitor g. Waste generation (sewage and domestic waste) g. -Inappropriate disposal of sewage causing environmental pollution -Generation of solid and liquid waste including sludge from 450 MW CCPP operations g. -The sewage will be kept in septic tank and soak pit system before being introduced in to 450 MW CCPP ASP. -Solid waste will be segregated according to the category and will be sent to the designated land fill and/or recycling. g.- EPC contractor will comply sewage and other waste discharge limit of GOB and WB during their contract period and after contract period Environmental unit of EGCB Ltd., will regularly monitor and report to the higher authority to take proper mitigation measures g. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and after contract period Civil engineering unit of EGCB Ltd. will fix and EMU of EGCB Ltd., will monitor h. Socio-economic improvement during 450 MW CCPP operation h. Opportunity of local employment h. -EGCB Ltd., will ensure that the EPC contractor takes step to employ local people during 450 MW CCPP operation h. –EGCB Ltd ensures that EPC contractor appoint local people during their tenure and after contract period EGCB Ltd. will employ local appoint local employees. h. Contractor during contract period and after contract period Managing Director EGCB Ltd. will supervise EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 98 8.3 Institutional arrangement and environmental monitoring plan 8.3.1. Institutional framework 1. Executing Agency: The EGCB Ltd. under the MPEMR will be the executing agency (EA) responsible for the over all technical supervision and execution of the proposed project. The managing director (MD) of EGCB Ltd., is the over all supervisor of the project and there will be a dedicated project director (PD) and necessary staff having expertise for development of the proposed project. 2. The EGCB ltd., will also incorporate all consulting services under the project and will oversee the conduct of feasibility studies, EIA studies by project consultants. 3. Thus the responsibility of fulfilling environmental requirements of GOB for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP and conducting required level of environmental assessment consistent with WB guidelines lie with the EGCB ltd. The project consultants will assist EMU of EGCB Ltd., in this regard. 4. The mitigation measures that are incorporated into the design will be verified by the EGCB ltd., before providing technical approvals. The mitigation measures that form part of the contract document will also be verified by EGCB Ltd. 5. The mitigation measures identified in the EIA will be incorporated into the project cycle. Environmental controls pertaining to design and location will be incorporated into the detailed design by the project consultant. Mitigation measures during construction stage shall form pat of the contract documents and will be implemented by the EPC contractor during contract period. 6. The EPC contractor will conduct all necessary environmental monitoring and environmental management activities in all phases of the project during contract period. The EPC contractor will be ISO 14001-2004 Certified and OHSAS 18001:1999 certified. The contractor must prepare mathematical or physical air quality dispersion modelling. 7. Environmental, Health and Safety Action Plan: The EPC contractor shall prepare and submit an environmental health safety action plan (EHSAP) to EGCB Ltd., prior to the implementation of the project. The EHSAP shall adhere to the environmental management plan (EMP) as suggested in this EIA. The EMAP comply GOB and WB requirements in all aspects of the project implementation. The EHSAP shall focus project mitigation, management, monitoring and ongoing consultation activities for the project. The EPC contractor shall implement and employ personnel, to ensure compliance during contract period and shall comply environmental, social, health and safety standards following GOB, WB and International (where necessary) guidelines. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 99 8. The EPC contractor will provide the EGCB Ltd., (through EMU of EGCB ltd.) with monthly reports on the implementation of mitigation measures. The reports prepared by the EPC contractor (both monthly and quarterly) will be consolidated and submitted to EGCB Ltd., for review. 9. The Project Director (PD) and Environment Manager (Environment Management Specialist) EGCB Ltd., for this specific project will supervise the implementation of the specified environmental monitoring parameters through EGCB's owner's engineers. The Manager Environment of the EGCB corporate office with required man power, expertise and fund will ensure proper environmental monitoring and also occupation health and safety of all workers and staff of the project. . 10. Manager environment and PD will report to Director (Technical) and they will examine the contractual obligation and other national and international regulations (where applicable) regarding the environmental issues need to be fulfilled by the EPC contractor. 11. The EPC contractor will follow GOB, WB guidelines and also their corporate Health Safety and Environment (HSE) policies, in case of any non-addressed issues in their HSE policy, only in that case the state of art technology in line with WB, DoE and European standard including international agencies prescribed standard (where applicable) will be followed due diligently in consultation with owners engineer and manager environment of EGCB corporate office. 12. Consistent with their mandate, the DOE will undertake routine and random monitoring of specific environmental plans addressed in this EIA. 13. There shall be a complain redresser committee to address any kind of environmental and social complain arising from the residents within and out side the Siddhirganj power plant complex including workers during construction and operation phases of the proposed 450 MW CCPP. The committee will include members from EGCB, owner's engineers and also EPC contractor. The members from EGCB will include: Managing Director, Director Technical, Director Finance, Project Director, Manager (Environment, Health and Safety), construction manager including owners engineers whereas member from EPC contractor side will include Project Manager. In this regard a complain lodging box will be kept at the PD’s site office. 14. Should there be any complaints arising from the construction and operation of the proposed power plant and associated facilities as well as the sanitation facilities, the EGCB Ltd. will conduct site inspections and appropriate sampling to validate claims. Based on the findings, mitigation measures will be implemented by the EPC contractor during contract period and after contract period EGCB Ltd. will take responsibilities. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 100 15. The following Table-8.2 summarises the role and responsibilities of the institution in conducting environmental assessment and implementing the environmental management plan of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. Table-8.2. Institutional roles and responsibilities Project stage Responsible organization Responsibilities Pre-construction EGCB Ltd. (with the assistance from project consultant) i. Prepare EIA consistent with GOB and WB requirements ii. Conduct public consultation during EIA iii. Fulfill GOB requirements iv. Make EIA reports available to the web site v. Incorporate mitigation measures into engineering design and technical specification vi. Incorporate environmental mitigation and monitoring measures into contract document vii. Update the EMP (mitigation measures, monitoring program, institutional responsibilities, costs, etc.) during the detailed design stage. Construction EGCB Ltd., i. With the assistance of project consultants, ensure implementation of environmental management measures at each stage of the construction and update the EMP as necessary. ii. Complain Redresser Committee will attend any kind of environmental and social complain arising from the residents and workers during construction and operation phases of the proposed project. Project consultant i. Review the construction site management plan to be prepared by the contractor. ii. Provide support to EGCB in conducting routine monitoring of implementation of mitigation EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 107 Issue Parameters Monitoring Frequency Resource Required and Responsibility Drinking water Physical parameter: - color, turbidity, Chemical parameters: - pH, nitrate, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, arsenic, Iron (Fe), Cl, Mn, Al, arsenic, Biological parameters: - total coliform, faecal coliform, Once in every month (If the workers use drinking water from the contractors supply source) EPC contractor will ensure supply of good quality of water to workers and conduct monitoring of water quality up to contract period during that period EMU in EGCB will supervise but after contract period EMU in EGCB will monitor the drinking water parameter Soil quality Soil will be monitored. Agricultural soil may be tested by the SRDI. As and when is required. If any adverse report/information is found EPC contractor will be responsible for cleaning of oil spillage during contract period. Noise level Noise at different locations Once in every monthly, as and when is required. EPC contractor will carry out noise level monitoring and comply DOE regulations including WB EHS guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (2008) during that period EMU in EGCB will supervise but after contract periods, EMU in EGCB will be responsible for the monitoring activities Process waste Solid / liquid wastes Wastes will be collected and disposed on daily basis, as and when is required. EPC contractor will be responsible for waste management during their tenure, maintain chain of custody and to comply DOE regulations including WB EHS guidelines for Thermal power plant (2008). During this period EMU in EGCB will supervise but after ends of contract period EGCB will take the responsibilities of waste management. Note: Actual monitoring time and location will be decided by the proposed Environmental Management Unit during the construction and operation phase. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 108 8.3.2.3.. Report Implementation Schedule In accordance to the provision of the institutional framework, monitoring plan, EIA, DOE compliance regulations and also Contract document, the Contractor shall prepare an “Implementation Schedule” for the measures to be carried out as part of the environmental management and monitoring programme. Table 8.4 shows a tentative plan for environmental reporting. Table 8.4: The schedules of environmental monitoring reports Particulars Frequency/ Stage Responsible Agency Construction Phase Initial review Before start of work Contractors and owners engineer will prepare, EGCB will review the report Environmental Monitoring Report Monthly Contractor will produce and will forward to the PD/Manager Environment (EMS). This report will be forwarded to the DoE, WB and concern Ministries. Specific Problems and Solutions As and when required Project Director/ Project Manager/ Manager environment may raise, that need to be resolved by the contractor Mid-term Review:  review of activities  possible modification to procedure and/or overall plan - Approximate midway of the project Owners engineer will review and prepare a report, which will be reviewed by EGCB Final Review :  review of program  recommendation for similar future program Completion Report: - Towards the end of the project - At the time of commission -Owners engineer will review and prepare a report, which will be reviewed by EGCB -The turnkey contractor will prepare monthly environmental monitoring report and will forwarded to EMS, EGCB, which will also be forwarded to the DoE, WB and concern Ministries. Operation Phase Environmental Monitoring Monthly Owner's Engineer with the help of other EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 109 Report chemists working at the Siddhirganj Power Station will prepare monthly monitoring report which will be forwarded to the DoE, WB and concern Ministries. The EMS, EGCB will overall supervise and help to implement their reporting obligation. 8.3.2.4. Estimated environmental monitoring cost The analytical work for environmental monitoring will be carried out in the in-house laboratory by EGCB during operation and maintenance period after the end of the contract period of EPC contractor. Therefore, initial investment will be required for procurement of laboratory equipments which will be obtained from a separate allocated fund of the proposed project. But it may be noted that during contract period EPC contractor will carry out all monitoring program by their own cost. The cost of Environmental monitoring equipment: The following is the indicative cost for procurement of environmental monitoring equipment and chemicals for a period of ten years time which will be used by EGCB after commercial hand over of the proposed power plant from EPC contractor. This may be noted that the laboratory equipment will be procured on the basis of need assessment by a laboratory expert under the management of EGCB concern unit. The indicative cost provided in the Table-8.5 is obtained from quotation received from the local suppliers. Table-8.5: The price of different environmental monitoring equipments (for ten years time). Sl. No. Description Qty Unit Price TK Total Price TK 01 Fine Particulate Sampler ( required during construction phase only) Envirotech, India, APM 550. 01 4,75,000.00 4,75,000.00 02 Extra spares & consumables (Optional) GF/A Filter paper, (100 discs). 01 7,800.00 7,800.00 03 BOD Incubator 01 3,30,000.00 3,30,000.00 04 Multi parameter meter 01 2,50,000.00 2,50,000.00 05 SOx NOx, CO, etc. Analyzer. 01 5,50,000.00 5,50,000.00 EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 110 06 Chemical Lab equipment and chemicals (According to the need basis) the lump sum price 50,00,000.00 50,00,000.00 Sub Total (C) =66,12,800.00 N.B. The above noted equipment shown in this table has not been included in the bid documents The monthly cost for in-house laboratory will be about BD TK=55,106.65 per month. 8.3.3. Environmental Management Training EGCB Ltd. will implement the environmental measures recommended in this EIA. Hence, training on environmental management is an integral part of the environmental management plan, EGCB Ltd., ensures that the environmental manager and safety manager of EMU under EGCB Ltd., will have better perception and understanding of environmental issues related to construction and operation of the power plant and will be capable of implementing mitigation measures and subsequent monitoring. It is also important environmental manager and safety manager of this agency who will be involved in the proposed project have a good understanding of relevant WB environmental assessment procedures and requirements. Environmental training will be divided in to two types such as local and overseas. Overseas short training will be provided to 1 person i.e., one Environmental manager/Senior Environmental manager with relevant degrees in the subject and experience in this area will be sent to overseas for short training for 2 months. Local training on Environmental, Health and safety will be provided to 4 personnel which include 1 person from EGCB corporate Office, 3 personnel i.e. one Environment Manager, One occupational Health and safety Officer and one Junior Chemist who will be recruited under the WB financed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. The training objectives are (a) to help build the capacity and procedures of the EGCB and to undertake analyses of environmental impacts of power plants projects of different types and to prepare corporate environmental policies, environmental management plans in accordance with Government regulations and donor guidelines, and (b) to provide training on environmental management of power plant projects. The primary focus of training is to enable the officials to carry out environmental monitoring, implement the environmental management plans and conduct impact assessments. After participating in such training the participants will be able to make brief environmental assessments, conduct environmental monitoring, implement EMPs and incorporate environmental features into future power plant designs, specifications and tender/contract documents. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 111 The proposed environmental overseas training will be held in the England or European country where the course is offered. The cost of the training will be borne under WB financed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP and is shown in Table-8.6. The local training will be conducted by a local Environmental Training Specialist who will be recruited under the proposed 450 MW CCPP for total 3 months. The EGCB will prepare the TOR for Local Environmental Training Specialist who will be employed by EGCB under the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. The Local Environmental Training Specialist will prepare training manual as per need of the project and submit to EGCB for review. Table 8.6. Total cost estimate for training (indicative price) Items Number of person Overseas training country Manmonth Per Unit Cost (Taka) Total Cost (Tk.) Overseas training: Training for one Environmental manager/senior environmental manager on "Environmental Management System" and Modeling on air emission: a. Course fee b. Accommodation c. Training allowance d. Food e. Over seas travel cost (once) 01 Training in Europe/Engla nd where appropriate training is offered 02 a. =400000 b. =@ 250000/month c. =Training allowance =@200000 /month d. =@ 200000/month e.=150000 1850000/- Local Environmental Training Specialist: a. Remuneration 01 03 a. =@ 150000 450000/- Total cost in BD Taka 2300000/- N.B. The environmental training cost has not been included in the bid documents 8.3.4. Strengthening of EMU for implementation of EMP At present the EGGB has one Manager Environment (Environment Management Specialist) at the corporate office to look after environmental, occupational health and safety issues of the corporate office. In addition to the activities of corporate Office, the Manager Environment is supervising the environmental monitoring and management activities of three other power plants which include 2x 120 MW PPP (financed by ADB), new Horipur 360 MW CCPP (funded by JICA) and also proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP under financial assistance of WB. The above noted volume of work is an excessive work load for one Environment Manager heading EMU in EGCB. Therefore, it is EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 112 necessary to increase number of personnel and restructure manpower of EMU in the EGCB organogram. Regarding manpower requirements, it is suggested that each power plant shall have separate set up under EMU of corporate Office. The EMU of corporate Office shall be headed by at least one Senior Environment Management Specialist (DGM-equivalent) for overall supervision of environmental, occupational health and safety issues of corporate office, and of all power plants located at Horipur and Siddhirganj power plant complexes. Therefore, the current post of Environment Manager in EMU of EGCB can be upgraded to Senior Environmental manager (DGM-equivalent) from EGCB fund. This is also suggested that one Environmental Manager, one Occupational health and safety Officer and one Junior Chemist may be recruited from the fund of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP who will work dedicatedly for proposed project for appropriate environmental, health and safety management which is required to meet both GOB and WB guidelines. In addition to that, a local laboratory expert will be recruited for a period of 1.5 months under the project who will carry out need assessment, prepare design and assist EGCB for procurement of necessary laboratory equipment. The EGCB will prepare the TOR for Environmental Manager, Occupational health and safety Officer and Junior Chemist and laboratory expert who will be employed by EGCB under the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. Considering the future 5-year plan of EGCB it is expected that the company will be expanded having some more power plants within it's management and therefore, there should have future restructuring of the EMU along with other engineering section of EGCB for sustainable management of the company. A suggestion for future restructuring of EMU in the EGCB is shown in Annex-XIV for review. 8.3.5. The environmental monitoring and mitigation cost The summary of environmental monitoring and mitigation cost for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP is summarized in Table-8.7. Table-8.7. Environmental monitoring and mitigation cost per month Item Unit cost (BD-Tk) Total cost (BD-TK) Monitoring cost during construction phase and part of operation phase is included in the EPC contractor's package during contract period. A. Environmental monitoring: i. in-house laboratory equipment procurement initial cost (one time) i. =55106.65 per month i. 55106.65/- B. Manpower arrangements for EMU in EGCB: i. Senior Environmental Manager (DGM-equivalent)-current Environmental Manager Posit ion of EGCB will be upgraded and fund will be obtained from EGCB ii. Environmental specialist- (1 person)-remuneration (from project) i. N/A ii. 60000/-per month i. No cost from the project ii.=60,000/- EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 113 iii. Occupational Health and Safety Officer-(1person)-Remuneration-from project iv. Junior Chemist- (1-person) –remuneration from project v. EPC contractor shall appoint an Environment, Health and safety Officer (included in the EPC contractor's package) vi. Local laboratory expert- (1-person for 1.5 months)-remuneration from the project iii.30000/- per month iv. 25000/- per month v. N/A vi. 220000/-per month iii.=30,000/- iv.=25,000/- v. N/A C. Training cost i. Overseas Training (one time cost-from project) ii. Local Environmental Training Specialist- (1 person for 3 months)-remuneration from project i.= 18,50000/- (once) ii.130000/- per month Total cost (Cost for over seas training, local env. training specialist and laboratory expert is not included) =170106.65/- 8.4. Waste management Records of generated process wastes if any will be recycled and will be kept separately according to the WB and DoE's guideline. Chain of custody for hazardous waste and for process non-hazardous waste will be maintained. The schematic flow chart (Fig-8.1) is shown below. This flow chart will also be used during the operation phase with few changes when ever necessary. The present project activities will involve establishment of camps, transport, site development and construction and operation of power plant. For each activity, various types and quantity of wastes will be generated. The Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractor and owners engineer will prepare a comprehensive list of waste types, sources and plans to manage all of these wastes in an environmentally friendly manner. The major sources are identified as: o Camp waste o Construction & operation waste, and o Emission The EPC contractors will implement wastes segregation strategy as a first step of their waste management program where the hazardous and non-hazardous materials will be separated out following the waste management flow diagram as shown in Figure 8.1. The non-hazardous materials will then be further sorted out into bio-degradable and nonbiodegradable groups. Among the bio-degradable materials, EPC contractor and EGCB Ltd., will recycle the recyclable materials and rest will send to designated municipal waste dumping site. Camp Waste Management The EPC contractor will prepare a list of all identified source and type of wastes that would be generated in their campsite (Table 8.8) and is committed to minimize waste EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 114 generation as much as possible. Siddhiganj is well communicated area where municipal waste disposal facilities is available therefore, the EPC contractor will facilitate the corporation authority to collect, manage, treat and dispose off the wastes on its own initiative. Fig-8.1. Waste Management flow diagram for the EPC contractor Wastes Hazardous Nonhazardous Used Chemicals Oil Filters Chemical Drum Bio-degradable and oxide base Non Biode g radable Papers, Cans. Glass, Bottle etc. Safe Disposal Assigned Recovery Assigned Incinerator and safe Disposal Recycle Wood & Paper & oxides Residues Meat, Fish, Fish scales Vegetable, Food, Recycling Bio-fertilizer (On-site) Construction Debris to the assigned landfill Decomposition Decomposition Bulking & hardness enhancement for brick production EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 115 The EPC contractor will setup selective waste collection facilities at the site. Special areas for short-term waste storage will be designated to facilitate the program. The EPC is committed to comply with the applicable environmental and sanitary norms and have been equipped in due manner at the proposed facilities, including arrangement for disposal of hazardous wastes (if any) and the environmental impact of waste generated at the Company’s facilities will be minimized. The EPC contractor will follow regulations and guidelines for camp wastewater discharges into surrounding waterways. Liquid wastes including sewage that could damage the environment will never be released or allowed to drain directly into a watercourse. The campsite is provided with septic tank with closed sewage systems. Table8.8. Types and sources of domestic wastes Type of wastes Main components Potential constituents of the released wastes Drainage Bathing water, Rainwater Trace amount of oil and grease, soap Emission Construction equipments, vehicles, cranes etc. Emission of smokes, CO, CO2 etc. Domestic sewage Biodegradable organic matter Semi-solids, used detergent, coliform bacteria Domestic refuse Garbage, packing materials, paper, batteries, paper bags, cartoon, plastic, plastic bottles, cans, wrappers, organic waste, waste, glass bottles etc. Plastic, organic waste, batteries, glasses Kitchen waste Waste vegetable, wastes during processing of vegetables, waste food, soap and detergent, fishes scales, meat's scales and wastes etc produced in kitchen Protein, bio-degradable organic matters Washroom Bathing and water Soap, detergent, trace amount of oil and grease Construction and operation Waste Management During operation there my have chance of releasing of continuous emission of CO, SO2, NOx, PM10, oxygen content and temperature of flue gases and also less treated wastes containing chemicals, oil substance, plant washing water from ETP, sewage and thermal load in the water ways etc. In addition to that other wastes arising from construction and operation are some solid and liquid wastes, filter cartridges, various discarded chemical products, empty drums, pipe dope buckets, household types trash, discarded chemicals, wood pallets, lime, cement and mud sacks etc. A list of typical wastes during construction and operation of the proposed project is shown in Table-8.9. The EPC contractor will establish continuous on line monitoring system to monitor emission level and use state of art technology to minimize all kinds of gaseous emission and temperature within GOB/WB and international standards. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 116 The proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will take approximately 14 m3/sec of water from adjacent Sitalakhya river (details are described in section 3.7.3) and a portion of the withdrawn water will undergo chemical treatment to provide boiler make-up water and rest of water will be used in close circuit cooling system for ancillary equipment and condenser. During over hauling of cooling tower and boiler blow down, the waste water will be treated in the ETP of the power plant and discharge in to the river through discharge channel complying industrial (power plant) waste water discharge guidelines of GOB and WB. It may be suggested that Electric contaminant removal (ECR) technology may be used instead of chemical treatment technology in the WTP and ETP of proposed power plant after consultation with EGCB Ltd., as ECR technology is cost effective and produce low sludge compared to chemical treatment technology. EGCB Ltd. will ensure that EPC contractor follows International maintenance and product vendor recommended practices and EGCB Ltd. corporate operations and maintenance guidelines (if any) including GOB and WB guidelines to minimize waste discharges within GOB/WB limits and protect surrounding environment and ground water. Table 8.9. Wastes from construction and operation of power plants Type of waste Main component Potential constituents of the released wastes Drainage Rainwater Hydrocarbons, chemicals, mud particulates Gases from construction SOx, NOx, CO, CO2 PM10, Oxides of nitrogen, sulphur, carbon Gases during operation Flue gases, NOx, CO, CO2 and temperature Oxides of nitrogen, Carbon and temperature Sewage Biodegradable organic matter Semi-solids, detergent, fecal coliform and total coliform bacteria Canteen Negligible Plastic, organic waste, cans, glasses Spent bulk chemicals Cement, bentonite, hydrocarbons, thinners Hydrocarbons, organics, solids, alkalis Industrial waste Batteries Acid, heavy metals Chemicals Indiscriminating dumping by factories in to collective stream Toxic chemicals, acid Chemical drums (empty) Toxic chemicals, acid Waste lubricants Lube oil, grease Metals, organic compounds Cement slurries Cement mix water Weighting materials, salts, thinners, viscomers Heavy metals, high pH salts The EPC contractor will reduce the quantity and toxicity during construction and operation of power plant in the first place thus the impact and cost of environmentally acceptable disposal will be reduced. The proposed approaches of EPC contractor during contract period and EGCB Ltd. afterwards are: EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 123 CHAPTER-9: RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 9.1 Introductory description The problem of protecting human health and the environment may best be defined as the management of risk. The failure to manage risk effectively and to establish priorities rationally translates ultimately into a failure to protect health, safety, and the environment. Through the use of risk assessment, concerned authorities can estimate the relative level of risks posed by different substances, products and activities and can establish priorities in determining whether, and how, to regulate. The risk assessment should constitute an organization’s best effort to employ advanced scientific and technical methods to predict accurately the sizes of the risks. Once the relevant risks are estimated accurately and objectively through the risk assessment process, it can then be decided how best that risks could be addressed in the risk management phase. Risk assessment is the technical process for estimating the level of risks posed by operational processes or products, i.e. the probability that a given harm will occur as a result of the processes or products. Risk assessment is applied to a substance, proceeds in four major steps:  Hazard identification: determining what kinds of adverse health effects a substance, product or activity can cause  Dose – response assessment: predicting the degree of adverse effects at a given exposure level  Exposure assessment: estimating the amount of exposure, and  Risk characterization: combining the foregoing into a numerical range of predicted deaths or injuries associated with actual exposure event Risk management options are then evaluated in a proposed solution to provide reduction of risk to the exposed population. Specific actions that are identified and selected may include consideration of engineering constraints as well as regulatory, social, political and economic issues related to the exposure. Quantitative assessment of risks associated with hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure estimation and risk characterization were beyond the scope of the present study. However, this study takes a qualitative approach to identify common hazards within the power plant and recommends measures for managing these risks with accidents and external threats. 9.2 Power Plant Risks Assessment The process of electricity generation from gas is by no means risk free because of high temperature and pressure conditions within the plants, rotating machineries and high EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 124 voltages involved. Apart from risks associated with emissions, noise generation, solid waste, hazardous waste and wastewater disposal as a result of construction and operation, the gas fired power plants put human beings and the environment inside and outside of the plant to a certain degree of risk of accident and sometime loss of life. It is therefore essential that a risk management plan be devised in order to both reduce risk of accident and to take the correct action during accidents. Important risks of accidents in thermal power plants leading to disasters or emergency situations may occur during following events:  Risks during emergency  Fire  Explosion  Oil/acid spillage  Toxic chemical spillage  Electrocution  Risks due to natural disasters  Flood  Cyclone  Earthquake  Storm  Lightning  Risks due to external threats  Sabotage  War situation  Water/food poisoning Several strategic areas within the power plant can be identified as places of potential risks during plant operation: Areas prone to explosion are:  Boiler area  Turbine hall Premises prone to fire and electrocution are:  Electrical rooms  Transformer area  Cable tunnel Premises where people can be exposed to toxic chemicals:  Storage facilities for chemicals In power plants accidents can occur at two different levels. First, these may occur due to fires, explosions, oil or chemical spillage and spontaneous ignition of inflammable EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 125 materials. In such events, operators working inside the plant and at various strategic hazard locations will be affected. Second, risks are also associated with external threats of sabotage. Failure of automatic control/warning systems, failure of fuel oil storage tanks and chemical release from acid and alkali stores and handling also pose great degree of associated risks. 9.3 Managing the Risks As mentioned earlier, in order to reduce the risks associated with accidents, internal and external threats, and natural disasters, a risk management program is essential. Risk management planning can be done during design and planning stage of the plant as well as during plant operation. While risk management is mainly preventive in nature during the plant operation stage, the design and planning stage of the plant can incorporate changes in basic engineering to include safety design for all processes, safety margins for equipment, and plant layout. The following steps among others are important in managing the risks mentioned.  The power plant should be located on a reasonably large plot of land giving ample space to locate all units whilst maintaining safe distances between them.  The plant layout should provide roads of adequate width and service corridors so that no undue problems arise in the event of fires or other hazards.  Gas storage is to be designed with adequate precautions in respect of fire hazard control.  Storage of hazardous substances such as acids and alkalis should be sited in protected areas.  With respect to plant operation, safe operating procedures should be laid down and followed to ensure safety, optimum operation and economy.  A fire fighting group with adequate manpower and facilities such as water tank of sufficient capacity, CO2 tank, foam tank, portable fire extinguishers should be provided and facilities located at strategic locations e.g. generator area, high voltage panel, control rooms, and fuel tank area.  Regular checks on safe operating practices should be performed. In order to achieve the objective of minimizing risks at the Siddhirganj power plant complex, in addition to Environmental Management Unit for the complex, a disaster management unit with adequate manpower and facilities for each plant within the complex must be in place. The unit will be trained to act in a very short time in a predetermined sequence to deal effectively and efficiently with any disaster, emergency or major accident to keep the loss of life, human injury, material, plant machineries, and impacts on the environment to the minimum. 9.4 Emergency Response Plan EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 126 Emergency response plans are developed to address a range of plausible risk scenarios and emphasize the tasks required to respond to a physical event. The emergency response plan (ERP) for the proposed power plant has been developed listing various actions to be performed in a very short period of time in a pre-determined sequence if it is to deal effectively and efficiently with any emergency, major accident or natural disaster. The primary objective of the plan is to keep the loss of life, material, machinery/equipment damage, and impacts on the environment to minimum. 9.4.1 Emergency Response Cell It is highly recommended that an Emergency Response Cell (ERC) adequately equipped with highly trained manpower and appropriate gears is established within the power plant complex in order to effectively implement the emergency response plan. The main functions of the emergency response cell should include the following.  Identification of various types of emergencies  Identification of groups, communities, and areas those are vulnerable to different kinds of emergencies  Preparing service teams for various operations within the organization through extensive training  Establishment of early detection system for emergencies  Developing reliable, instant information communication system  Mobilizing all units in the complex within a very short time to address any emergency 9.4.2 Emergency Preparedness The ERC headed by a trained Manager should establish an Emergency Control Room with links to all plant control rooms and all other services. The ERC shall work as a team of the following officials.  Emergency Manager (Team Leader),  Fire Officer,  Safety Officer,  Chief Security Officer,  Chief Medical Officer,  Rescue Officer, and  Public Relations Officer The Senior Environment Management Specialist (Senior Manager Environment) of the proposed Environment Management Unit for the Siddhirganj Power Plant Complex with adequate skills of facing emergency situation can act as the Emergency Manager of ERC. The Emergency Manager shall have the prerogative of shutting down the relevant units or EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 127 the complete plant, which are affected or may further deteriorate damages, in case of an emergency. The EM however, shall have to report to the Chief Engineer of the Siddhirganj power plant of such an event without any delay. The team will be responsible for preparing and executing a specific emergency response plan for the power plant complex. The team should meet at regular intervals to update the plan, based on plant emergency data and changes in support agencies. The team should undertake some trial runs, e.g. fire drill, in order to be fully prepared and to improve upon the communication links, response time, availability and workability of emergency gears and other critical factors. Upon receiving information about an accident, the ERC team will assemble in the Emergency Control Room within the shortest possible time and formulate emergency control procedure. 9.4.3 Fire Fighting Services  The Fire Officer will be the commanding officer of the fire fighting services. The FO will head a fire fighting team of trained officers and workers. The size of the team should be determined by the EGCB Ltd., considering requirement of all existing and proposed power plants within the complex.  Adequate fire fighting equipment e.g. fire extinguishers of different types appropriate for different strategic locations must be planned according to requirements of existing and future plants in the complex.  Depending on the scale of emergency, the fire fighting team will work in close association with security and maintenance personnel of the complex. Additional assistance may also be sought from outside fire stations when required.  Preparedness is extremely important for efficient and effective fire fighting services at the time of emergency. This can be better achieved by organizing fire drills at regular intervals, e.g. once every two weeks during dry summer months and once every two months during wet months involving all team members, all other service groups, all staff of the power plant complex, and utilizing all fire fighting gears. 9.4.4 Emergency Medical Services  The Chief Medical Officer will be responsible for providing medical services within the Siddhirganj power plant complex at the time of any emergency. The services should also be rendered to people living in the close vicinity of the complex and affected by any accident within the plant complex.  The existing Medical Center of the Siddhirganj Power Complex must be equipped with adequate medical personnel and equipment for providing emergency services in addition to normal Medicare services to population of the complex. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 128  A team of well trained Medical Officers specializing in burn injury, orthopaedics, electrocution, chemical toxicity or poisoning, and shock treatment must be available at the power plant Medical Center. The number of officers may be determined considering the total number of staff and their family members in the complex. Special attention must be given to child injury treatment. The following services must be on alert at all times in the plant complex.  First aid services for attending patients on the spot. The Medical Center should provide training on first aid services to some designated staffs of important areas of operation, e.g. boiler area, turbine hall, transformer area, electrical rooms, and chemical storage facilities, for immediate attention to the injured.  Ambulance services for transport of casualties from spot to Medical Center of the plant, and from Medical Center to outside hospital, as necessary. Facilities for transportation of fatalities to appropriate hospital or to relatives or to the police following prescribed procedure should be available.  All potential areas for emergency/ accidents in the plant complex must have an information chart including contact phone numbers of relevant services. 9.4.5 Rescue Services Without going for additional manpower, the rescue team can be formed with potential staffs of the Power Plant Complex, e.g. from medical services, security services and fire fighting services, for conducting rescue operations following an emergency. A senior member can be designated Rescue Officer who will be responsible for formulating rescue plan and guiding the team. Important functions include  Cut-off electricity, gas or water supply to accident spots  Rescue people from debris of collapsed structures  Demolish damaged structures that may endanger human lives  Rescue people from fire areas with adequate protection  Assist other services promptly to save human lives  Salvage equipment from debris  Isolate damaged equipment or machineries that may endanger human lives  Provide repair services as appropriate to restore operations 9.4.6 Security Services The Siddhirganj Power Plant Complex will have a strong independent security team headed by the Chief Security Officer and will be responsible for the overall security of the plant complex, its equipment, machineries, buildings, utilities, and the community living within the complex. The security office shall maintain liaison with other emergency services at the time of emergency and during normal hours. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 129 The Chief Security Officer shall communicate with local police and other law enforcing agencies and seek assistance as may be needed during an emergency. The security team will also regulate vehicular traffic inside the complex. In particular they will ensure that all roads are unobstructed during emergencies. 9.4.7 Public Relations Services  The Public Relations Officer (PRO) of the Power Plant Complex will be responsible for communicating emergency related information to concerned officials within the complex. The PRO however, will consult the Emergency Manager before communication with outside agencies.  The PRO will be responsible for warning people in and around the complex against potential fire hazards, or possible chemical contamination of water.  The PRO will keep close contact with outside local community and provide direction, and participate along with management team in the welfare services for the affected communities. 9.5 Concluding Remarks regarding risk management Apart from the services mentioned above, the Environmental Management Unit and the Emergency Response Cell must ensure that all staffs working within the Power Plant Complex are oriented, through orientation programs, about the dos and don’ts during emergencies as well as overall environmental aspects and issues related to power plant operations. It is however, to be emphasized that the emergency response plan (ERP) outlined above is to be used as guide only and that the Environmental Management Unit and the Emergency Response Cell shall develop their own environmental management system (EMS) following ISO 14001 and the emergency response plan (ERP) respectively in consultation with and involving the Siddhirganj Power Complex and the EGCB Ltd., Management. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 130 CHAPTER-10: CO-ORDINATION WITH VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS For the construction and operation of the proposed 450 MW CCPP project related activities it may be needed to develop coordination with different organization and agencies that are as follows:  Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources of GOB  Power Cell  Power Development Board (PDB)  Ministry of Industries  Ministry of Finance  Local Government Agencies  Department of Environment  Board of Investment  Customs Department  District Administration  Civil Defence EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 131 CHAPTER-11: BENEFICIAL IMPACTS, ENHANCEMENT AND PROJECT ENHANCEMENT POTENTIAL In the national context the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP, will have tremendous beneficial impacts as it will contribute to generate power and transmit in the national grid to solve the current power crisis of the country. It will help to minimize need of power in the industrial sector, shortage of power in the civil life including power requirements in the export oriented industries. If the increase of new production of power is not ensured, the loss of economy will grow up continuously. Therefore, it is essential to install power generation industries in the country with top priority. The construction of a Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP within Siddhirganj Power Plant compound will help in the industrial sector, commercial activities, civil life and also play a crucial part in the boosting national economy. This Endeavour will keep up the economic activities of the project area and thus enhance the over all socio-economic condition by creating more jobs associated with development activities. EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010 132 CHAPTER-12: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS MPEMR, GOB initially decided to construct a 2× 150 MW PPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex to meet national power crisis which has been currently revised and planned to construct Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP instead of 2× 150 MW PPP in the same ear marked place within Siddhirganj power plant complex, Siddhirganj, Narayanganj with the financial assistance of WB. This may be further noted that according to the ECR, 1997, proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP falls under “RED category” and needs to submit both IEE and EIA to the DoE for Environmental Clearance which is corresponding to Category-A based on WB Operational Policy (1999, OP 4.01), requiring an Environmental Assessment for the construction and operation of the project with recommendations for appropriate mitigation and management measures. As it has been noted above that an EIA for 2×150 MW PPP was already submitted to DOE therefore, for the revised proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP (instead of previous 2×150 MW CCPP) a full scale ESIA (based on TOR & TOC) report is needed to be submitted to WB to meet their requirements and simultaneously a copy to DOE as addendum of the previously submitted EIA for 2×150 MW PPP. The EIA includes identification of potential impacts and recommendations for mitigation measures for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. The EIA has provided detailed recent environmental baseline information and illustrates the project activity and environmental interactions. An Environmental Management Plan is also provided based on recommended measures to mitigate all the listed issues including accidental risks and occupational health etc. The EMP also provided monitoring plan, contingency plan and community based preparedness plan. EGCB Ltd. will make necessary institutional arrangements and also commits to provide fund for the implementation plan. The EMP will address specific management recommendations for dust, chemicals, emissions etc. The Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP construction activities have been properly designed to establish necessary control mechanisms to prevent potential environmental impacts and EGCB Ltd. is committed in protecting Environment and workers. The Sidhirganj 450 MW CCPP project site location is considered environmentally acceptable compared to other alternative place. The potential negative environmental impacts identified and their mitigation measures suggested in the EIA indicates that there will be minimal environmental adverse impact. The EPC contractor shall develop an effective EHSAP which will provide effective management, and mitigation programmes to address the identified concerns. EGCB Ltd. will ensure that the appointed EPC contractor (during contract period) conduct the proposed construction of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP with strict adherence to good environmental practices and compliance with DOE and WB guidelines and Environmental Quality Standards. Under the above circumstances it is recommended that the present EIA report be acknowledged as an addendum of the previous EIA report submitted to DOE by EGCB Ltd.