SUEWS Historical User Manuals (2014-2017)

20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 1/71 SUEWSUMEP SUEWSv2016a ThecurrentversionofSUEWSisv2016a(released21June2016). Thiswikipageisregularlyupdatedwithnewdevelopments.ThemanualforSUEWS_V2016acanbe accessedhereandshouldbereferencedasfollows: WardHC,LJärvi,SOnomura,FLindberg,AGabey,CSBGrimmond2016SUEWSManual V2016a,http://urban‐climate.net/umep/SUEWSDepartmentofMeteorology,Unversityof Reading,Reading,UK TodownloadthelatestversionofSUEWSpleasecompletetheonlineform. NEWinthisversion:seeVersionhistory. Introduction SurfaceUrbanEnergyandWaterBalanceScheme(SUEWS)(Järvietal.2011 ,Wardetal.2016 )isable tosimulatetheurbanradiation,energyandwaterbalancesusingonlycommonlymeasuredmeteorological variablesandinformationaboutthesurfacecover.SUEWSutilizesanevaporationinterceptionapproach (Grimmondetal.1991 ),similartothatusedinforests,tomodelevaporationfromurbansurfaces. OverviewofSUEWS [1] [2] [3] SurfacesConsideredinSUEWS 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 2/71 Themodelusessevensurfacetypes:paved,buildings,evergreentrees/shrubs,deciduoustrees/shrubs, grass,baresoilandwater.Thesurfacestateforeachsurfacetypeateachtimestepiscalculatedfromthe runningwaterbalanceofthecanopywheretheevaporationiscalculatedfromthePenmanMonteith equation.Thesoilmoisturebeloweachsurfacetype(excludingwater)istakenintoaccount. Horizontalmovementofwateraboveandbelowgroundlevelisallowed.Theusercanspecifythemodel timestep,but5minisstronglyrecommended.Themainoutputfileisprovidedataresolutionof60minby default.Timestampsrefertotheendoftheaveragingperiod.Themodelprovidestheradiationandenergy balancecomponents,surfaceandsoilwetness,surfaceandsoilrunoffandthedrainageforeachsurface. ProcessesinthemodelNetallwaveradiation 1.NARP(NetAllwaveRadiationParameterization,Offerleetal.2003 ,Loridanetal.2011 )radiation scheme. 2.Observednetallwaveradiationcanbeprovidedasinputinsteadofcalculatedbythemodel.Thereare severaloptionsformodellingorusingobservedradiationcomponentsdependingonthedataavailable. Asaminimum,SUEWSrequiresincomingshortwaveradiationtobeprovided. Flux Methods Comments Incomingsolarradiation Observed Arequiredinputvariable Reanalysisdata WFD,WFDEI Outgoingshortwaveradiation Modelled Dependentonthesurfacealbedo Observed Possibletouseobservations Incominglongwaveradiation Modelled Options:Loridanetal.2011 Observed Possibletouseobservations Reanalysisdata WFD,WFDEI Outgoinglongwaveradiation Modelled Options:Loridanetal.2011 Observed Possibletouseobservations Anthropogenicheatflux 1.ModelledwithinSUEWSusingsimpleanthropogenicheatfluxsubmodels(twooptions): Järvietal.(2011) approach,basedonheatingandcoolingdegreedays(allowsdistinctionbetween weekdaysandweekends). Loridanetal.(2011) approach,basedonlinearpiecewiserelationwithairtemperature. 2.Precalculatedvaluescanbesuppliedwiththemeteorologicalforcingdata,forexample, LUCY(Allenetal.2011 ,Lindbergetal.2013 ) GreaterQF(Iamarinoetal.2011 ) 1. OHM(ObjectiveHysteresisModel,Grimmondetal.1991 ,Grimmond&Oke1999a ,2002 ). ESTM(ElementSurfaceTemperatureMethod,Offerleetal.2005 ).(Notavailableinv2016a) AnOHM(AnalyticalObjectiveHysteresisModel)(Notavailableinv2016a) [4] [5] [5] [5] [1] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 3/71 2.Alternativelyobservationscanbesuppliedwiththemeteorologicalforcingdata. Turbulentheatfluxes 1.LUMPS(LocalscaleUrbanMeteorologicalParameterizationScheme,Grimmond&Oke2002 ) providesasimplemeansofestimatingsensibleandlatentheatfluxes. 2.SUEWSadoptsamorebiophysicalapproachtocalculatethelatentheatflux;thesensibleheatfluxis thencalculatedastheresidualoftheenergybalance.Theinitialestimateofstabilityisbasedonthe LUMPScalculationsofturbulentsensibleandlatentheatflux. FormoredetailsseeDifferencesbetweenSUEWS,LUMPSandFRAISE.Sensibleandlatentheatfluxes frombothLUMPSandSUEWSareprovidedinthemodeloutput. WhethertheturbulentheatfluxesarecalculatedusingLUMPSorSUEWScanhaveamajorimpactonthe results.ForSUEWS,anappropriatesurfaceconductanceparameterisationisalsocritical . Waterbalance TherunningwaterbalanceateachtimestepisbasedontheurbanwaterbalancemodelofGrimmondetal. (1986) andurbanevaporationinterceptionschemeofGrimmondandOke(1991) . Precipitationisarequiredvariableinthemeteorologicalforcingfile. Drainageequationsandcoefficientstousemustbespecifiedintheinputfiles. Irrigationcanbemodelled orobservedvaluescanbeprovidedifdataareavailable. Soilmoisturecanbecalculatedbythemodelorobservationscanbeprovided(Useofobservedsoil moisturenotpossibleinv2016a). Runoffispermitted: betweensurfacetypeswithineachmodelgrid betweenmodelgrids(Notimplementedinv2016a) todeepsoil topipes. Convectiveboundarylayer Aconvectiveboundarylayer(CBL)slabmodel(CleughandGrimmond2001 )calculatestheCBLheight, temperatureandhumidityduringdaytime(Onomuraetal.2015 ). Snowmelt ThesnowmeltmodelwithinSUEWSisdescribedinJärvietal.(2014) .Duetochangesinthenewmodel versionV2016awhencomparedtotheolderversions,thesnowcalculationhasslightlychanged.Themain differenceisthatpreviouslyallsurfacestatecouldfreezein1htimestepbutnowtheamountoffreezing surfacestateiscalculatedsimilarwayasmeltwatercanfreezewithinthesnowpack.Alsothesnowmelt relatedcoefficientshaveslighlychanged(seeSUEWS_Snow.txt). Thermalcomfort SOLWEIG(Solarandlongwaveenvironmentalirradiancegeometrymodel,Lindbergetal.2008 ,Lindberg andGrimmond2011 )isa2Dradiationmodeltoestimatemeanradianttemperature. Usingthemodel Themodeldistributedwiththismanualcanberunintwostandardways: [11] [1][2] [13] [3] [1] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 4/71 1.foranindividualarea 2.formultipleareas Thereisnorequirementfortheareastobeofanyparticularshapebutherewerefertothemas‘grids’. Modelapplicability:Localscale–soforcingdatashouldbeabovetheheightoftheroughnesselements (trees,buildings). Preparingtorunthemodel Thefollowingprovidessomecommentstohelpwiththemodelsetup. Preparatoryreading Readthemanualandrelevantpapers(andreferencestherein): JärviL,GrimmondCSB&ChristenA(2011)TheSurfaceUrbanEnergyandWaterBalanceScheme (SUEWS):EvaluationinLosAngelesandVancouver.J.Hydrol.411,219237. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.00 JärviL,GrimmondCSB,TakaM,NordboA,SetäläH&StrachanIB(2014)DevelopmentoftheSurface UrbanEnergyandWaterbalanceScheme(SUEWS)forcoldclimatecities.Geosci.ModelDev.7,1691 1711.doi:10.5194/gmd716912014 WardHC,KotthausS,JärviLandGrimmondCSB(2016)SurfaceUrbanEnergyandWaterBalance Scheme(SUEWS):developmentandevaluationattwoUKsites.UrbanClimate(inpress) Decidewhattypeofmodelrunyouareinterestedin Availableinthisrelease LUMPS Yes–notstandalone SUEWSatapointorforanindividualarea Yes SUEWSformultiplegridsorareas Yes SUEWSwithBoundaryLayer(BL) Yes OverviewofscalesSource:[15] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 5/71 SUEWSwithsnow Yes SUEWSwithSOLWEIG No SUEWSwithSOLWEIGandBL No Importantconsiderations: Fractionsofdifferentlandcovertypes Heightsofbuildings Surfacecharacteristics Sourceofmeteorologicalforcingdata ExternalwateruseDoesthisoccur?(e.g.streetcleaning,gardenirrigation) AnthropogenicheatfluxIsthislikelytobeimportant?(e.g.energyemissionsfromtransport,buildings, metabolism,etc) (Ifusingsnowoption)Doessnowclearingoccur? Downloadtheprogramandexampledatafiles Visitthewebsitetoreceivealinktodownloadtheprogramandexampledatafiles.Selecttheappropriate compiledversionofthemodeltodownload.Forwindowsthereisaninstallationversionwhichwillputthe programsandallthefilesintotheappropriateplace.ThereisalsoaversionlinkedtoQGIS:UMEP. Note,asthedefinitionoflongdoubleprecisionvariesbetweencomputers(e.g.MacvsWindows)slightly differentresultsmayoccurintheoutputfiles. Test/examplefilesaregivenfortheVancouverSunsetsite,1987data(denotedVs87) InthefollowingSSisthesitecode(e.g.Vs),ssthegridID,YYYYtheyearandttthetimeinterval. Filename Description Input/output SSss_data.txt Meteorologicalinputfile(60min) Input SSss_YYYY_data_5.txt Meteorologicalinputfile(5min) Input InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY.nml(+) Initialconditionsfile Input SUEWS_v2016a_SiteInfo_SSss.xlsm Spreadsheetcontainingallotherinput information Input RunControl.nml Setsmodelrunoptions Input(locatedinmain directory) SS_Filechoices.txt Summaryofmodelrunoptions Output SSss_YYYY_5.txt (Optional)5minresolutionoutputfile Output SSss_YYYY_60.txt 60minresolutionoutputfile Output SSss_DailyState.txt Dailystatevariables(allyearsinone Output 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 6/71 file) (+)ThereisasecondfileInitialConditionsSSss_YYYY_EndOfRun.nmlorInitialConditionsSSss_YYYY+1.nml intheinputdirectory.Attheendoftherun,andattheendofeachyearoftherun,thesefilesarewrittenout sothatthisinformationcouldbeusedtoinitializefurthermodelruns. Runthemodelforexampledata Beforerunningthemodelforyourowndataitisgoodtomakecertainthatyoucanrunthetestdataandget thesameresultsasintheexamplefilesprovided.Itisrecommendedthatyoumakeacopyoftheexample outputfilesandputthemsomewhereelsesoyoucancomparetheresults.Whenyouruntheprogramitwill writeoverthesuppliedfiles. TorunthemodelyoucanuseCommandPrompt(inthedirectorywheretheprogrammeislocatedtypethe modelname)orjustdoubleclicktheexecutablefile. SuewsWrapper.exe PleaseseeTroubleshootingifyouhaveproblemsrunningthemodel. Preparationofdata ThissectiondescribestheinformationrequiredtorunSUEWSforyoursite.Theinputdatacanbe summarisedasfollows: 1.Meteorologicalforcingdatafortheentireperiodtobemodelledandknowledgeofthesurfacestateand meteorologicalconditionsimmediatelybeforethestartoftherun(iftheseinitialconditionsarenotknown, itisusuallypossibletodeterminesuitablevaluesbyrunningthemodelandusingtheoutputattheendof theruntoinfertheconditionsatthestartoftherun). 2.Thelocationofthesite(latitude,longitude,altitude). 3.Informationaboutthecharacteristicsofthesurface,includinglandcover,heightsofbuildingsandtrees, radiativecharacteristics(e.g.albedo,emissivity),drainagecharacteristics,soilcharacteristics,snow characteristics,phenologicalcharacteristics(e.g.seasonalcycleofLAI). 4.Informationabouthumanbehaviour,includingenergyuseandwateruse(e.g.forirrigation)andsnow clearing(ifapplicable).Theanthropogenicenergyuseandwaterusemaybeprovidedasatimeseriesin themeteorologicalforcingfileifthesedataareavailableormodelledbasedonparametersprovidedto themodel,includingpopulationdensity,hourlyandweeklyprofilesofenergyandwateruse,information abouttheproportionofpropertiesusingirrigationandthetypeofirrigation(automaticormanual). Preparationofsitecharacteristicsandmodelparameters Theareatobemodelledisdescribedbyasetofcharacteristicsthatarespecifiedinthe SUEWS_SiteSelect.txtfile.Eachrowcorrespondstoonemodelgridforoneyear(i.e.runningasinglegrid overthreeyearswouldrequirethreerows;runningtwogridsovertwoyearswouldrequirefourrows). Characteristicsareoftenselectedbyacodeforaparticularsetofconditions.Forexample,aspecificsoil type(linkstoSUEWS_Soil.txt)orcharacteristicsofdeciduoustreesinaparticularregion(linksto SUEWS_Veg.txt).Theintentistobuildalibraryofcharacteristicsfordifferenttypesofurbanareas.The codesarespecifiedbytheuser,mustbeintegervaluesandmustbeuniquewithinthefirstcolumnofeach inputfile,otherwisethemodelwillreturnanerror.(NoteinSUEWS_SiteSelect.txtthefirstcolumnislabelled 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 7/71 'Grid'andcancontainrepeatvaluesfordifferentyears.)SeeInputfilesfordetails. Landcover Foreachgrid,thelandcovermustbeclassifiedusingthefollowingsurfacetypes: Classification Surfacetype Filewherecharacteristicsarespecified Nonvegetated Pavedsurfaces SUEWS_NonVeg.txt Buildingsurfaces SUEWS_NonVeg.txt Baresoilsurfaces SUEWS_NonVeg.txt Vegetation Evergreentreesandshrubs SUEWS_Veg.txt Deciduoustreesandshrubs SUEWS_Veg.txt Grass SUEWS_Veg.txt Water Water SUEWS_Water.txt Snow Snow SUEWS_Snow.txt Thesurfacecoverfractions(i.e.proportionofthegridtakenupbyeachsurface)mustbespecifiedin SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.Thesurfacecoverfractionsarecritical,somakecertainthatthedifferentsurface coverfractionsareappropriateforyoursite. Forsomelocations,landcoverinformationmaybealreadyavailable(e.g.fromvariousremotesensing resources).Ifnot,websiteslikeBingMapsandGoogleMapsallowyoutoseeaerialimagesofyoursiteand canbeusedtoestimatetherelativeproportionofeachlandcovertype.Ifdetailedspatialdatasetsare available,UMEPallowsforadirectlinktoaGISenvironmentusingQGIS. Anthropogenicheatflux ThepopulationdensityisneededasaninputforLUMPSandSUEWStocalculateQF.Ifyouhaveno informationaboutthepopulationofthesitewerecommendthatyouusetheLUCYmodel  toestimate theanthropogenicheatfluxwhichcanthenbeprovidedasinputSUEWSalongwiththemeteorological forcingdata.TheLUCYmodelcanbedownloadedfromhere. Otherinformation Thesurfacecoverfractionsandpopulationdensitycanhaveamajorimpactonthemodeloutput.However, itisimportanttoconsiderthesuitabilityofallparametersforyoursite.Usinginappropriateparametersmay resultinthemodelreturninganerroror,worse,generatingoutputthatissimplynotrepresentativeofyour site.PleasereadthesectiononInputfiles.Recommendedorreasonablerangesofvaluesaresuggestedfor someparameters,alongwithimportantconsiderationsonhowtoselectappropriatevaluesforyoursite. DataEntry Tocreatetheseriesofinputtextfilesdescribingthecharacteristicsofyoursite,therearethreeoptions: 1.Datacanbeentereddirectlyintotheinputtextfiles.Theexample(.txt)filesprovideatemplatetocreate yourownfileswhichcanbeeditedwithatexteditordirectly. [6] [7] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 8/71 2.DatacanbeenteredintothespreadsheetSUEWS_SiteInfo.xlsmandtheinputtextfilesgeneratedby runningthemacro. 3.UseUMEP. Torunthexlsmmacro:Enterthedataforyoursiteintothexlsmspreadsheet SUEWS_v2016a_SiteInfo.xlsmandthenusethemacrotocreatethetextfileswhichwillappearthesame directory. Ifthereisaproblem Makesurenoneofthetextfilestobegeneratedareopen. Itisrecommendedtoclosethespreadsheetbeforerunningtheactualmodelcode. Notethatinalltxtfiles: Thefirsttworowsareheaders.Thefirstrowisthecolumnnumber;thesecondrowisthecolumnname. Thenamesandorderofthecolumnsshouldnotbealteredfromthetemplates,asthesearecheckedby themodelanderrorswillbereturnedifparticularcolumnscannotbefound. Allfilesshouldhavetworowswith9incolumn1astheirlasttworows. “!”indicatesacomment,soanytextfollowing"!"onthesamelinewillnotbereadbythemodel. Ifdataareunavailableornotrequired,enterthevalue999inthecorrectplaceintheinputfile. Ensuretheunitsarecorrectforallinputinformation.SeeInputfilesforadescriptionofparameters. Inadditiontothesetextfiles,thefollowingfilesarealsoneededtorunthemodel. PreparationoftheRunControlfile IntheRunControl.nmlfilethesitename(SS_)anddirectoriesforthemodelinputandoutputaregiven.This meansbeforerunningthemodel(eventhewiththeexampledatasets)youmusteither 1.opentheRunControl.nmlfileandedittheinputandoutputfilepathsandthesitename(withatexteditor) sothattheyarecorrectforyoursetup,or 2.createthedirectoriesspecifiedintheRunControl.nmlfile Fromthegivensiteidentificationthemodelidentifiestheinputfilesandgeneratestheoutputfiles.For exampleifyouspecify FileOutputPath=“C:\FolderName\SUEWSOutput\”andusesitecodeSSthemodelcreatesan outputfile C:\FolderName\SUEWSOutput\SSss_YYYY_60.txt(remembertoaddthelastbackslashin windowsandslashinLinux/Mac). Ifthefilepathsarenotcorrecttheprogramwillreturnanerrorwhenrun(RuntimeError,Filepathnot found,seeerrormessages)andwritetheerrortotheproblems.txtfile. PreparationoftheMeteorologicalforcingdata Themodelisdesignedtouse(60min)hourlyinputdata,whichisinterpolatedtothemodeltimestep specifiedinRunControl.nml(e.g.5min).Seedetailsaboutthemeteorologicalforcingdatatolearnmore aboutchoicesofdatainput.Eachgridcanhaveitsownmeteorologicalforcingfile,orasinglefilecanbe 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 9/71 usedforallgrids. PreparationoftheInitialConditionsfile Informationaboutthesurfacestateandmeteorologicalconditionsjustbeforethestartoftherunare providedintheInitialConditionsfile.Onefileisneededforeachgrid.FordetailsseeInitialConditions. Runthemodelforyoursite TorunthemodelyoucanuseCommandPrompt(inthedirectorywheretheprogrammeislocatedtypethe modelname)orjustdoubleclicktheexecutablefile. SuewsWrapper.exe PleaseseeTroubleshootingifyouhaveproblemsrunningthemodel. Analysetheoutput Itisagoodideatoperforminitialchecksthatthemodeloutputlooksreasonable. Characteristic Thingstocheck Albedo Isthebulkalbedocorrect? Thisiscriticalbecauseasmallerrorhasanimpactonallthefluxes(energyand hydrology) Ifyouhavemeasurementsofoutgoingshortwaveradiationcomparethesewiththe modelledvalues. Howdothevaluescomparetoliteraturevaluesforyourarea? Leafarea index Doesthephenologylookappropriate(i.e.whatdoestheseasonalcycleofleafarea index(LAI)looklike?) Aretheleavesonthetreesatapproximatelytherighttimeoftheyear? Summaryoffiles ThetablebelowliststhefilesrequiredtorunSUEWSandtheoutputfilesproduced.SSisthetwolettercode (specifiedinRunControl)representingthesitename,ssisthegrididentification(integervaluesbetween0 and99999)andYYYYistheyear. Thelastcolumnindicateswhetherthefilesareneeded/producedonceperrun(1/run),oronceperday (1/day),foreachyear(1/year)orforeachgrid(1/grid). [B]indicatesfilesusedwiththeboundarylayerpartofSUEWS(BLUEWS)andtherefore areonlyneeded/producedifthisoptionisselected [E]indicatesfilesassociatedwithESTMstorageheatfluxmodelsandthereforeare onlyneeded/producedifthisoptionisselected Filename Description Location Option Program 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 16/71 2 Dataareprovidedasgravimetricsoilmoisturecontent.Metadata mustbeprovidedinSUEWS_Soil.txt. SnowFractionChoice Determinesmethodforcalculatingsnowplanareafraction.Usedonlyif SnowUse=1. Value Comments 2Setto2incurrentrelease. SnowUse Determineswhetherthesnowpartofthemodelruns. Value Comments 0Snowcalculationsarenotperformed. 1Snowcalculationsareperformed. SOLWEIGUse Determineswhetherahighresolutionradiationmodeltocalculatemean radianttemperateshouldbeused(SOLWEIG).NOTE:thisoptionwill considerablyslowdownthemodelsinceSOLWEIGisa2Dmodel. Value Comments 0SOLWEIGcalculationsarenotperformed. 1 SOLWEIGcalculationsareperformed.Agridofmeanradiant temperature(Tmrt)iscalculatedbasedonhighresolutiondigital surfacemodels. StabilityMethod Defineswhichatmosphericstabilityfunctionsareused. Value Comments 0Notused. 1Notused. 2 Recommended Momentumunstable:Dyer(1974) modifiedbyHögstrom(1988) ;stable:VanUldenandHoltslag(1985) HeatDyer(1974) modifiedbyHögstrom(1988) Momentum:CampbellandNorman(Eq7.27,Pg97) Heatunstable:CampbellandNorman ;stable:Dyer(1974) [22] [23] [24] [22] [23] [25] [25] [22] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 17/71 3 modifiedbyHögstrom(1988) 4 Momentum:Busingeretal.(1971) modifiedbyHögstrom(1988) Heat:Busingeretal.(1971) modifiedbyHögstrom(1988) WUChoice Defineshowexternalwateruseiscalculated. Value Comments 0 Externalwaterusemodelledusingparametersspecifiedin SUEWS_Irrigation.txt. 1 Observationsofexternalwateruseprovidedinthemeteorological forcingfileareused. z0_method Determineshowaerodynamicroughnesslength(z0m)andzero displacementheight(zdm)arecalculated. Value Comments 1 ValuesspecifiedinSUEWS_SiteSelect.txtareused. z0mandzdareadjustedwithtimetoaccountforseasonalvariation inporosityofdeciduoustrees. 2 z0mandzdarecalculatedusing'ruleofthumb'(Grimmondand Oke1999 )usingmeanbuildingandtreeheightspecifiedin SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. 3 z0mandzdarecalculatedbasedontheMacDonaldetal.(1998) methodusingmeanbuildingandtreeheights,planareafraction andfrontalarealindexspecifiedinSUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. Filerelatedoptions FileChoice Twolettersiteidentificationcode(e.g.He,Sc,Kc). FileInputPath Inputdirectory. FileOutputPath Outputdirectory. SkipHeaderSiteInfo NumberofheaderlinestoskipinSUEWS_SiteInfotextfiles(2by default). SkipHeaderMet Numberofheaderlinestoskipmeteorologicalforcingfile(1bydefault). [23] [26] [23] [26] [23] [27] [28] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 18/71 MultipleMetFiles Specifieswhetheronesinglemeteorologicalforcingfileisusedforall gridsoraseparatemetfileisprovidedforeachgrid. Value Comments 0 Singlemeteorologicalforcingfileusedforallgrids. Thesinglefileshouldbenamedwiththefirstgrid. 1 Separatemeteorologicalforcingfilesusedforeachgrid. Thegridnumbershouldappearinthefilename. KeepTstepFilesIn Specifieswhetherinputmeteorologicalforcingfilesattheresolutionof themodeltimestepshouldbekeptwhenusingthewrapper. Value Comments 0 Meteorologicalforcingfilesatmodeltimestepdeleted. Recommendedtosavediskspaceas(e.g.5min)filescanbelarge. 1Meteorologicalforcingfilesatmodeltimesteparenotdeleted. KeepTstepFilesOut Specifieswhetheroutputmeteorologicalforcingfilesattheresolutionof themodeltimestepshouldbekeptwhenusingthewrapper. Value Comments 0 Outputfilesatmodeltimestepdeleted. Recommendedtosavediskspaceas(e.g.5min)filescanbelarge. 1Outputfilesatmodeltimesteparenotdeleted. WriteSurfsFile Specifieswhetheranoutputfileattheresolutionofthemodeltimestep containingallthewaterbalance,energybalanceandsnowvariablesfor eachsurfacetypeshouldbewritten. Value Comments 0 Outputfilesforeachsurfacetypenotwritten. Recommendedtosavediskspaceas(e.g.5min)filescanbelarge. 1 Outputfilesforeachsurfacetypewritten. Notavailableincurrentrelease. Timerelatedoptions TimeZone Timezone[h]forsiterelativetoUTC(eastispositive). 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 19/71 Tstep Specifiesthemodeltimestep[s].Avalueof300s(5min)isstrongly recommended.Thetimestepcannotbelessthan1minorgreaterthan 10min,andmustbeawholenumberofminutesthatdivideintoanhour (i.e.optionsare1,2,3,4,5,6,10minor60,120,180,240,300,360,600 s). Datarelatedoptions z Height[m]ofthemeteorologicalforcingdata.Themostimportantheight isthatofthewindspeedmeasurement.Mustbegreaterthanthe displacementheight.Forcingdatashouldberepresentativeofthelocal scale,i.e.abovetheheightoftheroughnesselement. SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt Foreachyearandeachgrid,sitespecificsurfacecoverinformationandotherinputparametersisprovided toSUEWSbySUEWS_SiteSelect.txt.Themodelcurrentlyrequiresanewrowforeachyearofthemodel run.Allrowsinthisfile(beforethetworowsof'9')willbereadbythemodelandrun.Inthisfilethecolumn orderisimportant.'!'canbeusedtoindicatecommentsinthefile.Commentsarenotreadbythe programmesotheycanbeusedbytheusertoprovidenotesfortheirinterpretationofthecontents.Thisis stronglyrecommended. Use Column MU Parameterswhichmustbesuppliedandmustbespecificforthesite/gridbeingrun. MD Parameterswhichmustbesuppliedandmustbespecificforthesite/gridbeingrun(butdefault valuesmaybeokifthesevaluesarenotknownspecificallyforthesite). OParametersthatareoptional,dependingonthemodelsettingsinRunControl.Setanyparameters thatarenotused/notknownto‘999’. L Codesthatareusedtolinkbetweentheinputfiles.Thesecodesarerequiredbuttheirvaluesare completelyarbitrary,providingthattheylinktheinputfilesinthecorrectway.Theusershould choosethesecodes,bearinginmindthatthecodestheymatchupwithincolumn1ofthe correspondinginputfilemustbeuniquewithinthatfile.Codesmustbeintegers.Notethatthecodes mustmatchupwithcolumn1ofthecorrespondinginputfile,evenifthoseparametersarenotused (inwhichcasesetallcolumnsexceptcolumn1to‘999’inthecorrespondinginputfile),otherwise themodelrunwillfail. No. Use Columnname Example Description Gridnumber(anyinteger099999)identifyingthe currentgrid. Gridnumbersdonotneedtobeconsecutiveand donotneedtostartataparticularvalue. Eachgridmusthaveauniquegridnumber. Allgridsmustbepresentforallyears. 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 20/71 1 MU Grid 1 Thesegridnumbersarereferredtoin GridConnections(columns5873)(notavailable inthisrelease!) Thetwolastlinesinthiscolumnmustread'9'to indicatethatthelastlineshavebeenreached(using twolinesallowsdifferencesincomputerfilesavings tobedealtwith). 2 MU Year 2011 Year[YYYY] Yearsmustbecontinuous. 3 MU StartDLS 86 Startofthedaylightsavings[DOY] Innorthernhemisphereexample,daylightsaving startsondayofyear86.SeesectiononDayLight Savings. 4 MU EndDLS 303 Endofthedaylightsavings[DOY] Innorthernhemisphereexample,daylightsaving finisheson303.SeesectiononDayLightSavings. 5 MU lat 60.00 Latitudeforthecentreofthegrid[decimaldegrees] UsecoordinatesystemWGS84. Positivevaluesarenorthernhemisphere (negativesouthernhemisphere). Usedinradiationcalculations. Note,ifthetotalmodelledareaissmallthe latitudeandlongitudecouldbethesameforeach gridbutsmalldifferencesinradiationwillnotbe determined.Ifyouaredefiningthelatitudeand longitudedifferentlybetweengridsmakecertain thatyouprovideenoughdecimalplaces. 6 MU lng 18.20 Longitudeforthecentreofthegrid[decimal degrees] UsecoordinatesystemWGS84. Positivevaluesaretothewest(negativevalues aretotheeast). Seelatitudeformoredetails. 7 MU SurfaceArea 75.3 Areaofthegrid[ha]. Altitude[m] Meantopographicheightabovesealevel. 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 21/71 8 MU Alt 25.0 Usedforboththeradiationandwaterflow betweengrids. 9 MD id 1 Day[DOY] Setto1inthisversion 10 MD ih 0 Hour[H] Setto0inthisversion 11 MD imin 0 Minute[M] Setto0inthisversion 12 MU Fr_Paved 0.20 Surfacecoverfractionofpavedsurfaces[] Arealcoverfractionofpavedsurfaces(roads, pavements,carparks).e.g.20%ofthegridis coveredwithpavedsurfaces. Columns12to18mustsumto1. 13 MU Fr_Bldgs 0.20 Surfacecoverfractionofbuildings[] 14 MU Fr_EveTr 0.10 Surfacecoverfractionofevergreentreesandshrubs [] 15 MU Fr_DecTr 0.10 Surfacecoverfractionofdeciduoustreesandshrubs [] 16 MU Fr_Grass 0.30 Surfacecoverfractionofgrass[] 17 MU Fr_Bsoil 0.05 Surfacecoverfractionofbaresoilorunmanaged land[] 18 MU Fr_Water 0.05 Surfacecoverfractionofopenwater[] (e.g.river,lakes,ponds,swimmingpools) 19 MU IrrFr_EveTr 0.50 Fractionofevergreentreesthatareirrigated[] e.g.50%oftheevergreentrees/shrubsareirrigated 20 MU IrrFr_DecTr 0.20 Fractionofdeciduoustreesthatareirrigated[] 21 MU IrrFr_Grass 0.70 Fractionofgrassthatisirrigated[] 22 MU H_Bldgs 10 Meanbuildingheight[m] 23 MU H_EveTr 15 Meanheightofevergreentrees[m] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 22/71 24 MU H_DecTr 15 Meanheightofdeciduoustrees[m] 25 O z0 0.6 Roughnesslengthformomentum[m] Valuesuppliedhereisusedifz0_method=1in RunControl.nml;otherwisesetto'999'andavalue willbecalculatedbythemodel(z0_method=2,3). 26 O Zd 1.5 Zeroplanedisplacement[m] Valuesuppliedhereisusedifz0_method=1in RunControl.nml;otherwisesetto'999'andavalue willbecalculatedbythemodel(z0_method=2,3). 27 O FAI_Bldgs 0.1 Frontalareaindexforbuildings[] Requiredifz0_method=3inRunControl.nml. 28 O FAI_EveTr 0.2 Frontalareaindexforevergreentrees[] Requiredifz0_method=3inRunControl.nml. 29 O FAI_DecTr 0.2 Frontalareaindexfordeciduoustrees[] Requiredifz0_method=3inRunControl.nml. 30 O PopDensDay 30.7 Daytimepopulationdensity(i.e.workers,tourists) [peopleha1] Notusedincurrentversionofthemodel. 31 O PopDensNight 10.2 Nighttimepopulationdensity(i.e.residents)[people ha1] RequiredifAnthropHeatChoice=2in RunControl.nml. 32 L Code_Paved 331 CodeforPavedsurfacecharacteristics Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_NonVeg.txt, whichcontainstheattributesdescribingpavedareas inthisgridforthisyear.Valueofintegerisarbitrary butmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn1of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt.e.g.331meansusethe characteristicsspecifiedintherowofinputfile SUEWS_NonVeg.txtwhichhas331incolumn1 (Code). CodeforBldgssurfacecharacteristics Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_NonVeg.txt, whichcontainstheattributesdescribingbuildingsin 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 23/71 33 L Code_Bldgs 332 thisgridforthisyear.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybut mustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn1of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt. 34 L Code_EveTr 331 CodeforEveTrsurfacecharacteristics Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_Veg.txt, whichcontainstheattributesdescribingevergreen treesandshrubsinthisgridforthisyear.Valueof integerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedin column1ofSUEWS_Veg.txt. 35 L Code_DecTr 332 CodeforDecTrsurfacecharacteristics Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_Veg.txt, whichcontainstheattributesdescribingdeciduous treesandshrubsinthisgridforthisyear.Valueof integerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedin column1ofSUEWS_Veg.txt. 36 L Code_Grass 333 CodeforGrasssurfacecharacteristics Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_Veg.txt, whichcontainstheattributesdescribinggrass surfacesinthisgridforthisyear.Valueofintegeris arbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn1 ofSUEWS_Veg.txt. 37 L Code_Bsoil 333 CodeforBSoilsurfacecharacteristics Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_NonVeg.txt, whichcontainstheattributesdescribingbaresoilin thisgridforthisyear.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybut mustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn1of SUEWS_NonVeg.txt. 38 L Code_Water 331 CodeforWatersurfacecharacteristics Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_Water.txt, whichcontainstheattributesdescribingopenwater inthisgridforthisyear.Valueofintegerisarbitrary butmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn1of SUEWS_Water.txt. 39 MD LUMPS_DrRate 0.25 DrainagerateofbucketforLUMPS[mmh1] UsedforLUMPSsurfacewetnesscontrol.Default recommendedvalueof0.25mmh1fromLoridanet al.(2011) . [5] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 24/71 40 MD LUMPS_Cover 1 Limitwhensurfacetotallycoveredwithwater[mm] UsedforLUMPSsurfacewetnesscontrol.Default recommendedvalueof1mmfromLoridanetal. (2011) . 41 MD LUMPS_MaxRes 10 Maximumwaterbucketreservoir[mm] UsedforLUMPSsurfacewetnesscontrol.Default recommendedvalueof10mmfromLoridanetal. (2011) . 42 MD NARP_Trans 1 AtmospherictransmissivityforNARP[] Valuemustintherange01.Defaultrecommended valueof1. 43 L CondCode 33 Codeforsurfaceconductanceparameters Providesthelinktocolumn1of SUEWS_Conductance.txt,whichcontainsthe parametersfortheJarvis(1976)parameterisationof surfaceconductance.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybut mustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn1of SUEWS_Conductance.txt.e.g.33meansusethe characteristicsspecifiedintherowofinputfile SUEWS_Conductance.txtwhichhas33incolumn1 (Code). 44 L SnowCode 33 Codeforsnowsurfacecharacteristics Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_Snow.txt, whichcontainstheattributesdescribingsnow surfacesinthisgridforthisyear.Valueofintegeris arbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn1 ofSUEWS_Snow.txt. 45 L SnowClearingProfWD 331 Codeforsnowclearingprofile(weekdays) Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_Profiles.txt. Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcode specifiedincolumn1ofSUEWS_Profiles.txt.e.g. 331meansusethecharacteristicsspecifiedinthe rowofinputfileSUEWS_Profiles.txtwhichhas331in column1(Code). Codeforsnowclearingprofile(weekends) [5] [5] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 25/71 46 L SnowClearingProfWE 332 Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_Profiles.txt. Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcode specifiedincolumn1ofSUEWS_Profiles.txt.e.g. 332meansusethecharacteristicsspecifiedinthe rowofinputfileSUEWS_Profiles.txtwhichhas332in column1(Code).Providingthesamecodefor SnowClearingProfWDandSnowClearingProfWE wouldlinktothesamerowinSUEWS_Profiles.txt, i.e.thesameprofilewouldbeusedforweekdays andweekends. 47 L AnthropogenicCode 33 Codeformodellinganthropogenicheatflux Providesthelinktocolumn1of SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt,whichcontainsthe modelcoefficientsforestimationofthe anthropogenicheatflux(usedifAnthropHeatChoice =1,2inRunControl.nml).Valueofintegeris arbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn1 ofSUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt. 48 L EnergyUseProfWD 333 Codeforenergyuseprofile(weekdays) Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_Profiles.txt. Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcode specifiedincolumn1ofSUEWS_Profiles.txt. 49 L EnergyUseProfWE 334 Codeforenergyuseprofile(weekends) Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_Profiles.txt. Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcode specifiedincolumn1ofSUEWS_Profiles.txt. 50 L IrrigationCode 33 Codeformodellingirrigation Providesthelinktocolumn1of SUEWS_Irrigation.txt,whichcontainsthemodel coefficientsforestimationofthewateruse(usedif WU_Choice=0inRunControl.nml).Valueofinteger isarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_Irrigation.txt. 51 L WaterUseProfManuWD 335 Codeforwateruseprofile(manualirrigation, weekdays) Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_Profiles.txt. Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcode specifiedincolumn1ofSUEWS_Profiles.txt. 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 32/71 3 FalkandNiemczynowicz(1978) Recommended forPaved andBldgs Coefficientsarespecifiedinthefollowingtwocolumns. 10MDDrainageCoef1Coefficientfordrainageequation[unitsvaryaccordingtoDrainageEqspecifiedin previouscolumn] Examplevalues DrainageEq 10 CoefficientD0[mmh1] 3 Recommended forPavedandBldgs 0.013 CoefficientD0[mmh1] 2 Recommended forBSoil 11MDDrainageCoef2Coefficientfordrainageequation[unitsvaryaccordingtoDrainageEqspecifiedin previouscolumn] Examplevalues DrainageEq 3 Coefficientb[] 3 Recommended forPavedandBldgs 1.71 Coefficientb[mm1] 2 Recommended forBSoil 12LSoilTypeCodeCodeforsoilcharacteristicsbelowthissurface Providesthelinktocolumn1ofSUEWS_Soil.txt,whichcontainstheattributesdescribingsubsurfacesoilfor thissurfacetype.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn1ofSUEWS_Soil.txt. 13OSnowLimPatchMaximumSWE[mm] Limitofsnowwaterequivalentwhenthesurfaceisfullycoveredwithsnow. Examplevalues[mm] 190 Paved Järvietal.(2014) 190 Bldgs Järvietal.(2014) 190 BSoil Järvietal.(2014) NotneededifSnowUse=0inRunControl.nml. 14OSnowLimRemoveSWEwhensnowisremovedfromthissurface[mm] Limitofsnowwaterequivalentwhensnowisremovedfrompavedsurfacesandbuildings CurrentlynotimplementedforBSoilsurface Examplevalues[mm] 40 Paved Järvietal.(2014) 100 Bldgs Järvietal.(2014) [29] [3] [3] [3] [3] [3] [16] [16] [16] [16] [16] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 33/71 NotneededifSnowUse=0inRunControl.nml. 15LOHMCode_SummerWetCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringwetconditionsin summer. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. 16LOHMCode_SummerDryCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringdryconditionsin summer. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. 17LOHMCode_WinterWetCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringwetconditionsinwinter. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. 18LOHMCode_WinterDryCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringdryconditionsinwinter. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. SUEWS_Veg.txt SUEWS_Veg.txtspecifiesthecharacteristicsforthevegetatedsurfacecovertypes(EveTr,DecTr,Grass)by linkingcodesincolumn1ofSUEWS_Veg.txttothecodesspecifiedinSUEWS_SiteSelect.txt(Code_EveTr, Code_DecTr,Code_Grass).Eachrowshouldcorrespondtoaparticularsurfacetype.Forsuggestionson howtocompletethistable,see:TypicalValues. No.UseColumnnameExampleDescription Coefficientsarespecifiedinthefollowingfourcolumns. N.B.NorthandSouthhemispheresaretreatedslightlydifferently. CurrentlyonlytheDecTrvaluesareused;valuesforothersurfacesignored! 22MDLeafGrowthPower1Coefficient(power)forleafgrowth[] SeeAppendixAJärvietal.(2014) formoredetails. Examplevalues LAIEq 0.03 Järvietal.(2011) 0 0.04 Järvietal.(2014) 1 CurrentlyonlytheDecTrvaluesareused;valuesforothersurfacesignored! 23MDLeafGrowthPower2Constantintheleafgrowthequation[°C1] SeeAppendixAJärvietal.(2014) formoredetails. Examplevalues[°C1] LAIEq 0.0005 Järvietal.(2011) 0 [16] [1] [16] [16] [1] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 34/71 0.0010 Järvietal.(2014) 1 CurrentlyonlytheDecTrvaluesareused;valuesforothersurfacesignored! 24MDLeafOffPower1Coefficient(power)forleafoff[] SeeAppendixAJärvietal.(2014) formoredetails. Examplevalues LAIEq 0.03 Järvietal.(2011) 0 1.5 Järvietal.(2014) 1 CurrentlyonlytheDecTrvaluesareused;valuesforothersurfacesignored! 25MDLeafOffPower2Constantintheleafoffequation[°C1] SeeAppendixAJärvietal.(2014) formoredetails. Examplevalues[°C1] LAIEq 0.0005 Järvietal.(2011) 0 0.0015 Järvietal.(2014) 1 CurrentlyonlytheDecTrvaluesareused;valuesforothersurfacesignored! 26LOHMCode_SummerWetCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringwetconditionsin summer. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. 27LOHMCode_SummerDryCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringdryconditionsin summer. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. 28LOHMCode_WinterWetCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringwetconditionsinwinter. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. 29LOHMCode_WinterDryCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringdryconditionsinwinter. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. SUEWS_Water.txt SUEWS_Water.txtspecifiesthecharacteristicsforthewatersurfacecovertypebylinkingcodesincolumn1 ofSUEWS_Water.txttothecodesspecifiedinSUEWS_SiteSelect.txt(Code_Water). No.UseColumnnameExampleDescription [16] [16] [1] [16] [16] [1] [16] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 35/71 Surfacestatecannotexceedthisvalue. Settoalargevalue(e.g.20000mm=20m)ifthewaterbodyissubstantial(lake,river,etc)orasmall value(e.g.10mm)ifwaterbodiesareveryshallow(e.g.fountains). WaterStatespecifiedintheInitialConditionsfilemustnotexceedthisvalue. 9MDDrainageEq999Drainageequationtouseforthissurface. Notcurrentlyusedforwatersurface. 10MDDrainageCoef1999Coefficientfordrainageequation[unitsvaryaccordingtoequation] Notcurrentlyusedforwatersurface 11MDDrainageCoef2999Coefficientfordrainageequation[unitsvaryaccordingtoequation] Notcurrentlyusedforwatersurface 12LOHMCode_SummerWetCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringwetconditionsin summer. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. 13LOHMCode_SummerDryCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringdryconditionsin summer. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. 14LOHMCode_WinterWetCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringwetconditionsinwinter. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. 15LOHMCode_WinterDryCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringdryconditionsinwinter. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. SUEWS_Snow.txt SUEWS_Snow.txtspecifiesthecharacteristicsforsnowsurfaceswhenSnowUse=1inRunControl.nml.Ifthe snowpartofthemodelisnotrun,fillthistablewith‘999’exceptforthefirst(Code)columnandset SnowUse=0inRunControl.nml.Foradetaileddescriptionofthevariables,seeJärvietal.(2014) .Inthe currentreleaseSnowUseshouldbesetto0. No.UseColumnnameExampleDescriptionCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringwet conditionsinsummer. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. 17LOHMCode_SummerDryCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringdryconditionsin summer. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. [16] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 36/71 18LOHMCode_WinterWetCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringwetconditionsinwinter. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. 19LOHMCode_WinterDryCodeforOHMcoefficientstouseforthissurfaceduringdryconditionsinwinter. LinkstoSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt.Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedincolumn 1ofSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt. SUEWS_Soil.txt SUEWS_Soil.txtspecifiesthecharacteristicsofthesubsurfacesoilbeloweachofthenonwatersurface types(Paved,Bldgs,EveTr,DecTr,Grass,BSoil).Themodeldoesnothaveasoistorebelowthewater surfaces.Notethatthesesubsurfacesoilstoresaredifferenttothebaresoil/unmamnagedsurfacecover type.Eachofthenonwatersurfacetypesneedtolinktosoilcharacteristicsspecifiedhere.Ifthesoil characteristicsareassumedtobethesameforallsurfacetypes,useasinglecodevaluetolinkthe characteristicsherewiththeSoilTypeCodecolumnsinSUEWS_NonVeg.txtandSUEWS_Veg.txt. Soilmoisturecaneitherbeprovidedusingobservationaldatainthemetforcingfile(smd_choice=1or2in RunControl.nml)andprovidingsomemetadatainformationhere(OBS_columns),ormodelledbySUEWS (smd_choice=0inRunControl.nml).Note,theoptiontouseobservationaldataisnotoperationalin thecurrentrelease! No. Use Columnname Example Description 1 L Code 331 CodelinkingtotheSoilTypeCodecolumnin SUEWS_NonVeg.txt(forPaved,BldgsandBSoilsurfaces) andSUEWS_Veg.txt(forEveTr,DecTrandGrasssurfaces). Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedin SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. 2 MD SoilDepth 350 Depthofsubsurfacesoilstore[mm] i.e.thedepthofsoilbeneaththesurface 3 MD SoilStoreCap 150 Capacityofsubsurfacesoilstore[mm] i.e.howmuchwatercanbestoredinthesubsurfacesoil whenatmaximumcapacity. SoilStoreCapmustnotbegreaterthanSoilDepth. 4 MD SatHydraulicCond 0.0005 Hydraulicconductivityforsaturatedsoil[mms1] 5 MD SoilDensity 1.16 Soildensity[kgm3] 6 O InfiltrationRate 999 Infiltrationrate[mmh1] Notcurrentlyused Depthofsoilmoisturemeasurements[mm] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 37/71 7 O OBS_SMDepth Useonlyifsoilmoistureisobservedandprovidedinthe metforcingfileandsmd_choice=1or2. Useofobservedsoilmoisturenotcurrentlytested 8 O OBS_SMCap Maxiumumobservedsoilmoisture[m3m3orkgkg1] Useonlyifsoilmoistureisobservedandprovidedinthe metforcingfileandsmd_choice=1or2. Useofobservedsoilmoisturenotcurrentlytested 9 O OBS_SoilNotRocks Fractionofsoilwithoutrocks[] Useonlyifsoilmoistureisobservedandprovidedinthe metforcingfileandsmd_choice=1or2. Useofobservedsoilmoisturenotcurrentlytested SUEWS_Conductance.txt SUEWS_Conductance.txtcontainstheparametersneededfortheJarvis(1976)surfaceconductancemodel usedinthemodellingofevaporationinSUEWS.Thesevaluesshouldnotbechangedindependentlyof eachother.ThesuggestedvaluesbelowhavebeenderivedusingdatasetsforLosAngelesandVancouver (seeJärvietal.(2011) )andshouldbeusedwithgsChoice=1inRunControl.nml.Analternative formulation(gsChoice=2)usesslightlydifferentfunctionalformsanddifferentcoefficients(withdifferent units). No. Use Column name Example Description 1 L Code CodelinkingtotheCondCodecolumninSUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodespecifiedin SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. 2 MD G1 16.4764 Relatedtomaximumsurfaceconductance[mms1] 3 MD G2 566.0923 RelatedtoKdowndependence[Wm2] 4 MD G3 0.2163 RelatedtoVPDdependence[unitsdependongsChoicein RunControl.nml] 5 MD G4 3.3649 RelatedtoVPDdependence[unitsdependongsChoicein RunControl.nml] 6 MD G5 11.0764 Relatedtotemperaturedependence[°C] 7 MD G6 0.0176 Relatedtosoilmoisturedependence[mm1] 8 MD TH 40 Upperairtemperaturelimit[°C] 9 MD TL 0 Lowerairtemperaturelimit[°C] [1] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 38/71 10 MD S1 0.45 Relatedtosoilmoisturedependence[] Thesewillchangeinthefuturetoensureconsistencywithsoil behaviour 11 MD S2 15 Relatedtosoilmoisturedependence[mm] Thesewillchangeinthefuturetoensureconsistencywithsoil behaviour 12 MD Kmax 1200 Maximumincomingshortwaveradiation[Wm2] SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeat.txt SUEWS_AnthropogenicHeatFlux.txtprovidestheparametersneededtomodeltheanthropogenicheatflux usingeitherthemethodofJärvietal.(2011)basedonheatingandcoolingdegreedays (AnthropHeatChoice=2in4.1RunControl.nml)orthemethodofLoridanetal.(2011)basedonair temperature(AnthropHeatChoice=1inRunControl.nml).Thesubdailyvariationinanthropogenicheatflux ismodelledaccordingtothedailycyclesspecifiedinSUEWS_Profiles.txt.Alternatively,ifavailable,the anthropogenicheatfluxcanbeprovidedinthemetforcingfile(andsetAnthropHeatChoice=0in RunControl.nml),inwhichcaseallcolumnshereexceptCodeandBaseTHDDshouldbesetto’999’. No.UseColumnnameExampleDescriptionSUEWS_Irrigation.txt SUEWSincludesasimplemodelforexternalwateruseifobserveddataarenotavailable.Themodel calculatesdailywaterusefromthemeandailyairtemperature,numberofdayssincerainandfractionof irrigatedareausingautomatic/manualirrigation.Thesubdailypatternofwateruseismodelledaccordingto thedailycyclesspecifiedinSUEWS_Profiles.txt. Alternatively,ifavailable,theexternalwaterusecanbeprovidedinthemetforcingfile(andsetWU_choice= 1inRunControl.nml),inwhichcaseallcolumnshereexceptCodeshouldbesetto'999'. No. Use Columnname Example Description 1 L Code Codelinkingto [[#SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt|SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt]forirrigation modelling(IrrigationCode). Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodesspecifiedin SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. 2 MU Ie_start 1366 Daywhenirrigationstarts[DOY] 3 MU Ie_end 1366 Daywhenirrigationends[DOY] 4 MU InternalWaterUse 0 Internalwateruse[mmh1] 5 MU Faut 01 Fractionofirrigatedareathatisirrigatedusingautomated systems(e.g.sprinklers). 6 MD Ie_a1 84.54 Coefficientforautomaticirrigationmodel[mmd1] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 39/71 7 MD Ie_a2 9.96 Coefficientforautomaticirrigationmodel[mmd1°C1] 8 MD Ie_a3 3.67 Coefficientforautomaticirrigationmodel[mmd2] 9 MD Ie_m1 25.36 Coefficientformanualirrigationmodel[mmd1] 10 MD Ie_m2 3.00 Coefficientformanualirrigationmodel[mmd1°C1] 11 MD Ie_m3 1.10 Coefficientformanualirrigationmodel[mmd2] 12 MU DayWat(1) 0or1 IrrigationallowedonSundays[1],ifnot[0] 13 MU DayWat(2) 0or1 IrrigationallowedonMondays[1],ifnot[0] 14 MU DayWat(3) 0or1 IrrigationallowedonTuesdays[1],ifnot[0] 15 MU DayWat(4) 0or1 IrrigationallowedonWednesdays[1],ifnot[0] 16 MU DayWat(5) 0or1 IrrigationallowedonThursdays[1],ifnot[0] 17 MU DayWat(6) 0or1 IrrigationallowedonFridays[1],ifnot[0] 18 MU DayWat(7) 0or1 IrrigationallowedonSaturdays[1],ifnot[0] 19 MU DayWatPer(1) 01 FractionofpropertiesusingirrigationonSundays[01] 20 MU DayWatPer(2) 01 FractionofpropertiesusingirrigationonMondays[01] 21 MU DayWatPer(3) 01 FractionofpropertiesusingirrigationonTuesdays[01] 22 MU DayWatPer(4) 01 FractionofpropertiesusingirrigationonWednesdays[01] 23 MU DayWatPer(5) 01 FractionofpropertiesusingirrigationonThursdays[01] 24 MU DayWatPer(6) 01 FractionofpropertiesusingirrigationonFridays[01] 25 MU DayWatPer(7) 01 FractionofpropertiesusingirrigationonSaturdays[01] SUEWS_Profiles.txt SUEWS_Profiles.txtspecifiesthedailycycleofvariablesrelatedtohumanbehaviour(energyuse,wateruse andsnowclearing).Differentprofilescanbespecifiedforweekdaysandweekends.Theprofilesare providedathourlyresolutionhere;themodelwilltheninterpolatethehourlyenergyandwateruseprofilesto theresolutionofthemodeltimestepandnormalizethevaluesprovided.Thusitdoesnotmatterwhether columns225addupto,say1,24,oranothernumber,becausethemodelwillhandlethis.Currently,the snowclearingprofilesarenotinterpolatedastheseareeffectivelyaswitch(0or1). Iftheanthropogenicheatfluxandwaterusearespecifiedinthemetforcingfile,theenergyandwateruse profilesarenotused. Profilesarespecifiedforthefollowing Anthropogenicheatflux(weekdayandweekend) Wateruse(weekdayandweekend;manualandautomaticirrigation) 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 40/71 Snowremoval(weekdayandweekend) No. Use Column name Example Description 1 L Code CodelinkingtothefollowingcolumnsinSUEWS_SiteSelect.txt: EnergyUseProfWD:Anthropogenicheatflux,weekdays EnergyUseProfWE:Anthropogenicheatflux,weekends WaterUseProfManuWD:Manualirrigaton,weekdays WaterUseProfManuWE:Manualirrigaton,weekends WaterUseProfAutoWD:Automaticirrigaton,weekdays WaterUseProfAutoWE:Automaticirrigaton,weekends SnowClearingProfWD:Snowclearing,weekdays SnowClearingProfWE:Snowclearing,weekends Valueofintegerisarbitrarybutmustmatchcodesspecifiedin SUEWS_SiteSelect.txt. 2 25 MU 023 Multiplierforeachhouroftheday[]forenergyandwateruse. ForSnowClearing,setthosehoursto1whensnowremovalfrom pavedandroofsurfaceisallowed(0otherwise)ifthesnowremoval limitssetintheSUEWS_NonVeg.txt(SnowLimRemovecolumn)are exceeded. SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txt SUEWS_WithinGridWaterDist.txtspecifiesthemovementofwaterbetweensurfaceswithinagrid/area.It allowsimperviousconnectivitytobetakenintoaccount. Eachrowcorrespondstoasurfacetype(linkedbytheCodeincolumn1totheSiteSelect.txtcolumns: WithinGridPavedCode,WithinGridBldgsCode,…,WithinGridWaterCode).Eachcolumncontainsthefraction ofwaterflowingfromthesurfacetypetoeachoftheothersurfacetypesortorunofforthesubsurfacesoil store. Note: Thesumofeachrow(excludingtheCode)mustequal1. Watercannotflowfromonesurfacetothatsamesurface,sothediagonalelementsshouldbezero. Therowcorrespondingtothewatersurfaceshouldbezero,asthereiscurrentlynoflowpermittedfrom thewatersurfacetoothersurfacesbythemodel. Currentlywatercannotgotobothrunoffandsoilstore(i.e.itmustgotooneortheother–runofffor impervioussurfaces;soilstoreforpervioussurfaces). Inthetablebelow,forexample, allflowfrompavedsurfacesgoestorunoff; 90%offlowfrombuildingsgoestorunoff,withsmallamountsgoingtoothersurfaces(mostlypaved surfacesasbuildingsareoftensurroundedbypavedareas); 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 41/71 allflowfromvegetatedandbaresoilareasgoesintothesubsurfacesoilstore; therowcorrespondingtowatercontainszeros(asitiscurrentlynotused). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Code ToPaved ToBuilt ToEveTr ToDecTr ToGrass ToBSoil ToWater ToRunoff ToSoilStore 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ! 20 0.06 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.9 0 ! 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ! 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ! Storageheatfluxrelated Dependingonhowthestorageheatfluxiscalculated(specifiedbyQSChoiceinRunControl.nml),different inputfilesarerequired. Option QSChoice Filesneeded OHM 1 CoefficientsspecifiedinSUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt Observations 2 Adddatatometeorologicalforcingfile AnOHM 3 Propertiesspecifiedwithothersitecharacteristics. ESTM 4 PropertiesspecifiedinSUEWS_ESTMCoefficients.txt ModeloptionsspecifiedinESTMinput.nml SurfacetemperaturesprovidedinSS_YYYY_ESTM_Ts_data.txt OHM OHM,theObjectiveHysteresisModel(Grimmondetal.1991) calculatesthestorageheatfluxasa functionofnetallwaveradiationandsurfacecharacteristics. SUEWS_OHMCoefficients.txt Foreachsurface,OHMrequiresthreemodelcoefficients(a1,a2,a3).Thethreeshouldbeselectedasa set. Avarietyofvalueshasbeenderivedfordifferentmaterialsandcanbefoundintheliterature(see:Typical Values). [9] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 48/71 22 O kdiff Diffuseradiation[Wm2] RecommendedifSOLWEIGUse=1 23 O kdir Directradiation[Wm2] RecommendedifSOLWEIGUse=1 24 O wdir Winddirection[°] Currentlynotimplemented CBLinputfiles Mainreferencesforthispartofthemodel:Onomuraetal.(2015) andCleughandGrimmond(2001) . IfCBLslabmodelisused(CBLuse=1inRunControl.nml)thefollowingfilesareneeded: Filename Purpose CBL_initial_data.txt GivesinitialdataeverymorningwhenCBLslabmodelstartsrunning. filenamemustmatchtheInitialData_FileNameinCBLInput.nml. fixedformat. CBLInput.nml Specifiesrunoptions,parametersandinputfilenames. Canbeinanyorder CBL_initial_data.txt ThisfileshouldgiveinitialdataeverymorningwhenCBLslabmodelstartsrunning.Thefilenameshould matchtheInitialData_FileNameinCBLInput.nml. DefinitionsandexamplefileofinitialvaluespreparedforSacramento. No. Columnname Description 1 id Dayofyear[DOY] 2 zi0 initialconvectiveboundarylayerheight(m) 3 gamt_Km verticalgradientofpotentialtemperature(Km1) 4 gamq_gkgm verticalgradientofspecifichumidity(gkg1m1) 5 Theta+_K potentialtemperatureatthetopofCBL(K) 6 q+_gkg specifichumidityatthetopofCBL(gkg1) 7 Theta_K potentialtemperatureinCBL(K) 8 q_gkg specifichumidiyinCBL(gkg1) [15] [14] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 49/71 gamt_Kmandgamq_gkgmwrittentotwosignificantfiguresarerequiredforthemodelperformancein appropriateranges . id zi0 gamt_Km gamq_gkgm Theta+_K q+_gkg theta_K q_gkg 234 188 0.032 0.00082 290.4 9.6 288.7 8.3 235 197 0.089 0.089 290.2 8.4 288.3 8.7 ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ ⁞ CBL_Input.nml Name Description EntrainmentType Determinesentrainmentscheme.SeeCleughandGrimmond2000 for details. Value Comments 1 TennekesandDriedonks(1981)Recommended 2 McNaughtonandSprings(1986) 3 RaynerandWatson(1991) 4 Tennekes(1973) QH_Choice DeterminesQHusedforCBLmodel. Value Comments 1 QHmodelledbySUEWS 2 QHmodelledbyLUMPS 3 ObservedQHvaluesareusedfromthemeteorologicalinputfile Wsb Subsidencevelocity(ms1)ineq.1and2ofOnomuraetal.(2015) . (0.01ms1recommended) CBLday(id) CBLmodelisusedforthedaysyouchoose. SetCBLday(id)=1 IfCBLmodelissettorunforDOY175–177,CBLday(175)=1, CBLday(176)=1,CBLday(177)=1 CO2_included Settozeroincurrentversion Determinesinitialvalues(seeCBL_Initial_data.txt) [15] [14] [15] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 50/71 InitialData_use Value Comments 0 Allinitialvaluesarecalculated.(Notavailableincurrentrelease.) 1 Takezi0,gamt_Kmandgamq_gkgmfrominputdatafile.Theta+_K, q+_gkg,Theta_Kandq_gkgarecalculatedusingTemp_C,avrhand Pres_kPainmeteorologicalinputfile. 2 Takeallinitialvaluesfrominputdatafile(seeCBL_Initial_data.txt). InitialData_FileName IfInitialData_use≥1,writethefilenameincludingthepathfromsite directorye.g.InitialData_FileName='CBLinputfiles\CBL_initial_data.txt' Sondeflag Value Comments 0 Doesnotreadradiosondeverticalprofiledatarecommended 1 Readsradiosondeverticalprofiledata FileSonde(id) IfSondeflag=1,writethefilenameincludingthepathfromsitedirectory e.g.FileSonde(id)='CBLinputfiles\XXX.txt',XXXisanarbitraryname. SOLWEIGinputfiles IftheSOLWEIGmodeloptionisused(SOLWEIGout=1),spatialdataandaSOLWEIGInput.nmlfileneedto beprepared.TheDigitalSurfaceModels(DSMs)aswellasderivativesoriginatingfromDSMs,e.g.SkyView Factors(SVF)musthavethesamespatialresolutionandextent.SinceSOLWEIGisa2Dmodelitwill considerablyincreasecomputationtimeandshouldbeusedwithcare. DescriptionofchoicesinSOLWEIGinput_file.nmlfile.Thefilecanbeinanyorder. Name Units Description Posture  Determinesthepostureofahumanforwhichtheradiantfluxesshouldbe considered 1 Standing(default) 2 Sitting absL  Absorptioncoefficientoflongwaveradiationofaperson. Recommendedvalue:0.97 absK  Absorptioncoefficientofshortwaveradiationofaperson. Recommendedvalue:0.70 heightgravity m Centreofgravityforaperson. Recommendedvalueforastandingman:1.1m 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 51/71 usevegdem  Vegetationscheme 1 Vegetationschemeisactive(LindbergandGrimmond2011 ) 2 Novegetationschemeused DSMPath  PathtoDigitalSurfaceModels(DSM). DSMname  GroundandBuildingDSM CDSMname  VegetationcanopyDSM TDSMname  VegetationtrunkzoneDSM TransMin  TranmissivityofKthroughdeciduousvegetation(leafon) Recommendedvalue:0.02(Konarskaetal.2014 ) TransMax  TranmissivityofKthroughdeciduousvegetation(leafoff) Recommendedvalue:0.50(Konarskaetal.2014 ) SVFPath  PathtoSVFsmatrices(SeeLindbergandGrimmond(2011) fordetails) SVFSuffix  Suffixused(ifany) BuildingName  Booleanmatrixforlocationsofbuildingpixels row  Xcoordinateforpointofinterest.Hereallvariablesfromthemodelwillwritten toSOLWEIGpoiOUT.txt col  Ycoordinateforpointofinterest.Hereallvariablesfromthemodelwillwritten toSOLWEIGpoiOUT.txt onlyglobal  Globalradiation 0 Diffuseanddirectshortwaveradiationtakenfrommetforcingfile. 1DiffuseanddirectshortwaveradiationcalculatedfromReindletal. (1990) SOLWEIGpoi_out  Writeoutputvariablesatpointofinterest(seebelow) 0 NoPOIoutput Tmrt_out  0 Nogridoutput 1 Writegridtofile(savesasERSIAsciigrid) Lup2d_out  0 Nogridoutput 1 Writegridtofile(savesasERSIAsciigrid) [18] [37] [37] [18] [38] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 52/71 Ldown2d_out  0 Nogridoutput 1 Writegridtofile(savesasERSIAsciigrid) Kup2d_out  0 Nogridoutput 1 Writegridtofile(savesasERSIAsciigrid) Kdown2d_out  0 Nogridoutput 1 Writegridtofile(savesasERSIAsciigrid) GVF_out  0 Nogridoutput 1 Writegridtofile(savesasERSIAsciigrid) SOLWEIG_ldown  0 Notactive(useSUEWStoestimateLdownabovecanyon) 1 UseSOLWEIGtoestimateLdownabovecanyon OutInterval min Outputinterval.Setto60incurrentversion. RunForGrid  GridforwhichSOLWEIGshouldberun. 999 Allgrids(usewithcare) OutputfilesErrorMessages:problems.txt Ifthereareproblemswithrunningtheprogramanerrormessagewillbewrittentoproblems.txt.Serious problemswillusuallycausetheprogramtostopafterwritingtheerrormessage.Iftheprogramencountersa moreminorissueitwillnotstopbutawarningmaybewrittentoproblems.txt. Wehavealargenumberoferrormessagesincludedtotrytocapturecommonerrorstohelptheuser determinewhattheproblemis.Ifyouencounteranerrorthatdoesnotprovideanerrormessageto problems.txtpleasecapturethedetailssowecanhopefullyprovidebettererrormessages. SeeTroubleshootingsectionforhelpsolvingproblems.Ifthefilepathsarenotcorrecttheprogramwill returnanerrorwhenrun(seePreparingtorunthemodel). Modelparameters:SS_FileChoices.txt Foreachrun,themodelparametersspecifiedinRunControl,InitialConditionsandSiteInfofilesarewritten outtothefileSS_FileChoices.txt. ModeloutputfilesSSss_YYYY_tt.txt SUEWSproducesthemainoutputfile(SSss_YYYY_tt.txt)withtimeresolution(ttmin)definedbythemodel timestep(setinRunControl). Column Name Description 1 iy Year[YYYY] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 53/71 2 id Dayofyear[DOY] 3 it Hour[H] 4 imin Minute[M] 5 dectime Decimaltime[] 6 kdown Incomingshortwaveradiation[Wm2] 7 kup Outgoingshortwaveradiation[Wm2] 8 ldown Incominglongwaveradiation[Wm2] 9 lup Outgoinglongwaveradiation[Wm2] 10 Tsurf Surfacetemperature[°C] 11 qn Netallwaveradiation[Wm2] 12 h_mod Sensibleheatflux(calculatedusingLUMPS)[Wm2] 13 e_mod Latentheatflux(calculatedusingLUMPS)[Wm2] 14 qs Storageheatflux[Wm2] 15 qf Anthropogenicheatflux[Wm2] 16 qh Sensibleheatflux(calculatedusingSUEWS)[Wm2] 17 qe Latentheatflux(calculatedusingSUEWS)[Wm2] 18 P/i Rain[mm] 19 Ie/i Externalwateruseinthestudyarea[mm] 20 E/i Evaporation[mm] 21 Dr/i Drainage[mm] 22 St/i Surfacemoisturestate[mm] 23 NWSt/i Landsurfacestate(i.e.Watersurfaceexcluded)[mm] 24 surfCh/i Changeinsurfacemoisturestore[mm] 25 totCh/i Changeinsurfaceandsoilmoisturestores[mm] 26 RO/i Runoff[mm] 27 ROsoil/i Soilrunoff(subsurface)[mm] 28 ROpipe Runoffreceivedbypipes[mm] 29 ROpav Abovegroundrunoffonpavedsurfaces[mm] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 54/71 30 ROveg Abovegroundrunoffonvegetatedsurfaces[mm] 31 ROwater Runoffoccurringthroughwaterbody[mm] 32 AdditionalWater Waterflowreceivedfromothergrids[mm] 33 FlowChange Differenceininputandoutputflowsofwaterbody[mm] 34 WU_int Internalwateruse[mm] 35 WU_EveTr Wateruseforirrigationofevergreentrees[mm] 36 WU_DecTr Wateruseforirrigationofdeciduoustrees[mm] 37 WU_Grass Wateruseforirrigationofgrass[mm] 38 ra Aerodynamicresistance[sm1] 39 rs Surfaceresistance[sm1] 40 ustar Frictionvelocity[ms1] 41 l_Ob Obukhovlength[m] 42 Fcld Cloudfraction[tenths] 43 SoilSt Soilmoisture[mm] 44 smd Soilmoisturedeficit[mm] 45 smd_Paved Soilmoisturedeficitofpavedsurface[mm] 46 smd_Bldgs Soilmoisturedeficitofbuildingsurface[mm] 47 smd_EveTr Soilmoisturedeficitofevergreensurface[mm] 48 smd_DecTr Soilmoisturedeficitofdeciduoussurface[mm] 49 smd_Grass Soilmoisturedeficitofgrasssurface[mm] 50 smd_BSoil Soilmoisturedeficitofbaresoilsurface[mm] 51 St_Paved Stateofpavedsurface[mm] 52 St_Bldgs Stateofbuildingsurface[mm] 53 St_EveTr Stateofevergreensurface[mm] 54 St_DecTr Stateofdeciduoussurface[mm] 55 St_Grass Stateofgrasssurface[mm] 56 St_BSoil Stateofbaresoilsurface[mm] 57 St_Water Stateofthewaterbody[mm] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 55/71 58 LAI Leafareaindex[m2m2] 59 z0m Roughnesslengthformomentum[m] 60 zdm Displacementheight[m] 61 qn1_SF Netallwaveradiationforsnowfreearea[Wm2] 62 qn1_S Netallwaveradiationforsnowsurface[Wm2] 63 Qm Snowrelatedheatexchange[Wm2] 64 QmFreez Internalenergychange[Wm2] 65 QmRain Heatreleasebyrainonsnow[Wm2] 66 SWE Snowwaterequivalent[mm] 67 Mw Meltwater[mm] 68 MwStore Meltwaterstore[mm] 69 snowRem_Paved Snowremovalfrompavedsurfaces[mm] 70 snowRem_Bldgs Snowremovalfrombuildings[mm] 71 ChSnow/i Changeinsnowpack[mm] 72 SnowAlb Snowalbedo[] SSss_DailyState.txt Containsinformationaboutthestateofthesurfaceandsoilparametersatatimeresolutionofoneday.One fileiswrittenforeachgridsomaycontainmultipleyears. Column Name Description 1 iy Year[YYYY] 2 id Dayofyear[DOY] 3 HDD1_h Heatingdegreedays[°C] 4 HDD2_c Coolingdegreedays[°C] 5 HDD3_Tmean Averagedailyairtemperature[°C] 6 HDT4_T5d 5dayrunningmeanairtemperature[°C] 7 P/day Dailytotalprecipitation[mm] 8 DaysSR Dayssincerain[days] 9 GDD1_g Growingdegreedaysforleafgrowth[°C] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 56/71 10 GDD2_s Growingdegreedaysforsenescence[°C] 11 GDD3_Tmin Dailyminimumtemperature[°C] 12 GDD4_Tmax Dailymaximumtemperature[°C] 13 GDD5_DayLHrs Daylength[h] 14 LAI_EveTr Leafareaindexofevergreentrees[m2m2] 15 LAI_DecTr Leafareaindexofdeciduoustrees[m2m2] 16 LAI_Grass Leafareaindexofgrass[m2m2] 17 DecidCap Moisturestoragecapacityofdeciduoustrees[mm] 18 Porosity Porosityofdeciduoustrees[] 19 AlbEveTr Albedoofevergreentrees[] 20 AlbDecTr Albedoofdeciduoustrees[] 21 AlbGrass Albedoofgrass[] 22 WU_EveTr(1) Totalwateruseforevergreentrees[mm] 23 WU_EveTr(2) Automaticwateruseforevergreentrees[mm] 24 WU_EveTr(3) Manualwateruseforevergreentrees[mm] 25 WU_DecTr(1) Totalwaterusefordeciduoustrees[mm] 26 WU_DecTr(2) Automaticwaterusefordeciduoustrees[mm] 27 WU_DecTr(3) Manualwaterusefordeciduoustrees[mm] 28 WU_Grass(1) Totalwateruseforgrass[mm] 29 WU_Grass(2) Automaticwateruseforgrass[mm] 30 WU_Grass(3) Manualwateruseforgrass[mm] 31 deltaLAI Changeinleafareaindex(normalised01)[] 32 LAIlumps LeafareaindexusedinLUMPS(normalised01)[] 33 AlbSnow Snowalbedo[] 34 DensSnow_Paved Snowdensitypavedsurface[kgm3] 35 DensSnow_Bldgs Snowdensitybuildingsurface[kgm3] 36 DensSnow_EveTr Snowdensityevergreensurface[kgm3] 37 DensSnow_DecTr Snowdensitydeciduoussurface[kgm3] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 57/71 38 DensSnow_Grass Snowdensitygrasssurface[kgm3] 39 DensSnow_BSoil Snowdensitybaresoilsurface[kgm3] 40 DensSnow_Water Snowdensitywatersurface[kgm3] InitialConditionsSSss_YYYY.nml Attheendofthemodelrun(ortheendofeachyearinthemodelrun)anewInitialConditionsfileiswritten out(locatedintheinputfolder),seeInitialConditionsSSss_YYYY.nml SSss_YYYY_snow_tt.txt SUEWSproducesaseparateoutputfileforsnow(whensnowUse=1inRunControl.nml)withdetailsfor eachsurfacetype. FileformatofSSss_YYYY_snow_60.txt Column Name Description 1 iy Year[YYYY] 2 id Dayofyear[DOY] 3 it Hour[H] 4 imin Minute[M] 5 dectime Decimaltime[] 6 SWE_Paved Snowwaterequivalent–pavedsurface[mm] 7 SWE_Bldgs Snowwaterequivalent–buildingsurface[mm] 8 SWE_EveTr Snowwaterequivalent–evergreensurface[mm] 9 SWE_DecTr Snowwaterequivalent–deciduoussurface[mm] 10 SWE_Grass Snowwaterequivalent–grasssurface[mm] 11 SWE_BSoil Snowwaterequivalent–baresoilsurface[mm] 12 SWE_Water Snowwaterequivalent–watersurface[mm] 13 Mw_Paved Meltwater–pavedsurface[mmh1] 14 Mw_Bldgs Meltwater–buildingsurface[mmh1] 15 Mw_EveTr Meltwater–evergreensurface[mmh1] 16 Mw_DecTr Meltwater–deciduoussurface[mmh1] 17 Mw_Grass Meltwater–grasssurface[mmh1] 18 Mw_BSoil Meltwater–baresoilsurface[mmh1] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 64/71 24 Tground3 Temperatureinthefirstlayerofground K 25 Tground4 Temperatureinthefirstlayerofground K 26 Tground5 Temperatureinthefirstlayerofground(innermost) K 27 Tibld1 Temperatureinthefirstlayerofinternalelements K 28 Tibld2 Temperatureinthefirstlayerofinternalelements K 29 Tibld3 Temperatureinthefirstlayerofinternalelements K 30 Tibld4 Temperatureinthefirstlayerofinternalelements K 31 Tibld5 Temperatureinthefirstlayerofinternalelements K 32 Tabld Airtemperatureinbuildings K TroubleshootingHowtocreateadirectory? pleasesearchthewebusingthisphraseifyoudonotknowhowtocreateafolderordirectory Howtounzipafile pleasesearchthewebusingthisphraseifyoudonotknowhowtounzipafile Atexteditor isaprogramtoeditplaintextfiles.Ifyousearchonthewebusingthephrase‘texteditor’youwillfind numerousprograms.Theseincludeforexample,NotePad,EditPad,TextPadetc Commandprompt FromStartselectrun–typecmd–thiswillopenawindow.Changedirectorytothelocationofwhereyou storedyourfiles.Thefollowingwebsitemaybehelpfulifyoudonotknowwhatacommandpromptis: http://dosprompt.info/ Dayofyear[DOY] January1stisday1,February1stisday32.Ifyousearchonthewebusingthephrase‘dayofyear calendar’youwillfindtablesthatallowrapidconversions.RememberthatafterFebruary28thDOYwillbe differentbetweenleapyearsandnonleapyears. FirstthingstoCheckiftheprogramseemstohaveproblems Checktheproblems.txtfile. Checkfileoptions–inRunControl.nml. LookintheoutputdirectoryfortheSS_FileChoices.txt.Thisallowsyoutocheckalloptionsthatwere usedintherun.Youmaywanttocompareitwiththeoriginalversionsuppliedwiththemodel. Apopupsaying“filepathnotfound" ThismeanstheprogramcannotfindthefilepathsdefinedinRunControl.nmlfile.Possiblesolutions: CheckthatyouhavecreatedthefolderthatyouspecifiedinRunControl.nml. Checkdoestheoutputdirectoryexist? CheckthatyouhaveasingleordoublequotesaroundtheFileInputPath,FileOutputPathandFileCode 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 65/71 “%sat_vap_press.ftemp=0.0000pressuredectime” Temperatureiszeroandincalculationofwatervapourpressureparameterizationisused.Youdon’tneedto worryifthetemperatureshouldbe0°C.Ifitshouldnotbe0°Cthissuggeststhatthereisaproblemwiththe data. %Tchangedtofitlimits [TL=0.1]/[TL=39.9]Youmaywanttochangethecoefficientsforsurfaceresistance.Ifyouhavedata fromthesetemperatures,wewouldhappilydeterminethem. “Referencetoundefinedvariable,arrayelementorfunctionresult” Parameter(s)missingfrominputfiles. Seealsotheerrormessagesprovidedinproblems.txt Currentcontributors: ProfC.S.B.Grimmond(UniversityofReading;previouslyIndianaUniversity,King’sCollegeLondon, UK);DrLeenaJärvi(UniversityofHelsinki,Finland);ShihoOnomura(GöteborgUniversity,Sweden), DrHelenWard(UniversityofReading),DrFredrikLindberg(GöteborgUniversity,Sweden),DrAndy Gabey(Reading),DrTingSUN(Reading) PastContributors: DrBrianOfferle(IndianaUniversity),DrThomasLoridan(King’sCollegeLondon) Userswhohavebroughtthingstoourattentiontoimprovethismanualandthemodel: DrAndyCoutts(MonashUniversity,Australia),KerryNice(MonashUniversity,Australia),Shiho Onomura(GöteborgUniversity,Sweden),DrStefanSmith(UniversityofReading,UK),DrHelenWard (King’sCollegeLondon,UK;UniversityofReading,UK);DuickYoung(King’sCollegeLondon),DrNing Zhang(NanjingUniversity,China) Fundingtosupportdevelopment: NationalScienceFoundation(USA,BCS0095284,ATM0710631),EUFramework7BRIDGE (211345);EUemBRACE;UKMetOffice;NERCClearfLO,NERCTRUC.UKMetOfficeCSSP/Newton funding Notation Definition λF frontalareaindex ΔQS storageheatflux BoundaryLayerpartofSUEWS 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 66/71 BLUEWS RelationbetweenBLUEWSandSUEWSSource: Bldgs Buildingsurface CBL Convectiveboundarylayer DEM DigitalElevationModel DSM Digitalsurfacemodel DTM DigitalTerrainModel DecTr deciduoustreesandshrubs EveTr Evergreentreesandshrubs ESTM ElementSurfaceTemperatureMethod(Offerleetal.,2005 ) Grass Grasssurface BSoil Unmanagedlandand/orbaresoil L↓ incominglongwaveradiation LAI Leafareaindex LUMPS LocalscaleUrbanMeteorologicalParameterizationScheme(Loridanetal.2011 ) NARP NetAllwaveRadiationParameterization(Offerleetal.2003 ,Loridanetal.2011 ) OHM ObjectiveHysteresisModel(Grimmondetal.1991 ,Grimmond&Oke1999a ,2002 ) Paved Pavedsurface Q* netallwaveradiation QE latentheatflux QF anthropogenicheatflux QH sensibleheatflux SOLWEIG Thesolarandlongwaveenvironmentalirradiancegeometrymodel(Lindbergetal.2008 , LindbergandGrimmond2011 ) [15] [12] [5] [4] [5] [9] [10] [11] [17] [18] 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 67/71 SVF Skyviewfactor theta potentialtemperature tt timestepofdata UMEP UrbanMultiscaleEnvironmentalPredictor Water Watersurface zi Convectiveboundarylayerheight DevelopmentVersionHistoryNewinSUEWSVersion2016a(released15June2016) 1.Majorchangestotheinputfileformatstofacilitatetherunningofmultiplegridsandmultipleyears. SurfacecharacteristicsareprovidedinSiteSelect.txtandotherinputfilesarecrossreferencedviacodes orprofiletypes. 2.Thesurfacetypeshavebeenaltered: Previously,grasssurfaceswereenteredseparatelyasirrigatedgrassandunirrigatedgrasssurfaces, whilstthe‘unmanaged’landcoverfractionwasassumedbythemodeltobehaveasunirrigatedgrass. Thereisnowasinglesurfacetypeforgrass(totalforirrigatedplusunirrigated)andanewbaresoil surfacetype. Theproportionofirrigatedvegetationmustnowbespecifiedforgrass,evergreentreesanddeciduous treesindividually. 3.Theentiremodelnowrunsatatimestepspecifiedbytheuser.Notethat5minisstronglyrecommended. (Previouslyonlythewaterbalancecalculationsweredoneat5minwiththeenergybalancecalculations at60min). 4.Surfaceconductancenowdependsonthesoilmoistureunderthevegetatedsurfacesonly(ratherthan thetotalsoilmoistureforthewholestudyareaaspreviously). 5.Albedoofevergreentreesandgrasssurfacescannowchangewithleafareaindexaswaspreviously possiblefordeciduoustreesonly. 6.NewsuggestionsinTroubleshootingsection. 7.Editstothemanual. 8.CBLmodelincluded. 9.SUEWShasbeenincorporatedintoUMEP NewinSUEWSVersion2014b(released8October2014) [V2014manual]Theseaffecttherunconfigurationifpreviouslyrunwitholderversionsofthemodel: 1.NewinputofthreeadditionalcolumnsintheMeteorologicalinputfile(diffusiveanddirectsolarradiation, andwinddirection) 2.ChangeofinputvariablesinInitialConditions.nmlfile.NotewenowrefertoCTasET(ie.Evergreentrees ratherthanconiferoustrees) 3.InGridConnectionsYYYY.txt,thesitenamesshouldnowbewithouttheunderscore(e.g“Sm”andnot “Sm_”) Otherissues: 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 68/71 1.Numberofgridareasthatcanbemodelled(foronegrid,oneyear120;foronegridtwoyears80) 2.CommentaboutTimeintervalofinputdata 3.Bugfix:Columnheaderscorrectedin5minfile 4.Bugfix:Surfacestate60minfilecorrectedtogivethelast5minofthehour(ratherthancumulating throughthehour) 5.Bugfix:unitsintheHorizontalsoilwatertransfer 6.ErrorHints:Morehavebeenaddedtotheproblems.txtfile. 7.Manual:newsectiononrunningthemodelappropriately 8.Manual:notationtableupdated 9.Possibilitytoaddsnowaccumulationandmelt:newpaper JärviL,GrimmondCSB,TakaM,NordboA,SetäläH,andStrachanIB2014:DevelopmentoftheSurface UrbanEnergyandWaterbalanceScheme(SUEWS)forcoldclimatecities,Geosci.ModelDev.7,1691 1711,doi:10.5194/gmd716912014. NewinSUEWSVersion2014a.1(releasedFebruary26,2014) 1.Pleaseseethelargenumberofchangesmadeinthe2014arelease. 2.Thisisaminorchangetoaddressinstallingthesoftware. 3.Minorupdatestothemanual NewinSUEWSVersion2014a(released21Feb2014) 1.Bugfix:Externalirrigationiscalculatedascombinedfromautomaticandmanualirrigationandduring precipitationeventsthemanualirrigationisreducedto60%ofthecalculatedvalues.Inpreviousversion ofthemodel,theirrigationwasinallcasestaken60%ofthecalculatedvalue,butnowthishasbeen fixed. 2.Inpreviousversionsofthemodel,irrigationwasonlyallowedontheirrigatedgrasssurfacetype.Now, irrigationisalsoallowedonevergreenanddeciduoustrees/shrubssurfaces.Thesearenothowever treatedasseparatesurfaces,buttheamountofirrigationisevenlydistributedtothewholesurfacetype inthemodelledarea.Theamountofwateriscalculatedusingsameequationasforgrasssurface (equation5inJärvietal.2011),andthefractionofirrigatedtrees/shrubs(relativetotheareaof tree/shrubssurface)issetinthegisfile(SeeTable4.11:SSss_YYYY.gis) 3.Inthecurrentversionofthemodel,theuserisabletoadjusttheleafonandleafofflengthsinthe FunctionalTypes.nmlfile.Inaddition,usercanchoosewhethertousetemperaturedependentfunctions orcombinationoftemperatureanddaylength(advisedtobeusedathighlatitudes) 4.Inthegisfile,thereisanewvariableAltthatistheareaaltitudeabovesealevel.Ifnotknownexactlyuse anapproximatevalue. 5.SnowremovalprofilehasbeenaddedtotheHourlyProfileSSss_YYYY.txt.Notyetused! 6.Modeltimeintervalhasbeenchangedfromminutestoseconds.Preferredintervalis3600seconds(1 hour) 7.Manualcorrection:inputvariableSoilmoisturesaidsoilmoisturedeficitinthemanual–wordremoved 8.MultiplecompiledversionsofSUEWSreleased.TherearenowusersinApple,LinuxandWindows environments.Sowewillnowreleasecompiledversionsformoreoperatingsystems(section3). 9.Therearesomechangesintheoutputfilecolumnssoplease,checktherespectivetableofeachused outputfile. 10.Bugfix:withverysmallamountofvegetationinanarea–impactedPhenologyforLUMPS 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 69/71 NewinSUEWSVersion2013a 1.Radiationselectionbugfixed 2.Aerodynamicresistance–whenverylownolongerrevertstoneutral(whichcausedalargejump)–but stayslow 3.Irrigationdayofweekfixed 4.Newerrormessages 5.minfile–nowincludesadecimaltimecolumn–seeSection5.4–Table5.3 NewinSUEWSVersion2012b 1.Errormessagegeneratedifallthedataarenotavailableforthesurfaceresistancecalculations 2.Errormessagegeneratedifwinddataarebelowzeroplanedisplacementheight. 3.Allerrormessagesnowwrittento‘Problem.txt’ratherthanembeddedinanErrorFile.Notesomeerrors willbewrittenandtheprogramwillcontinueotherswillstoptheprogram. 4.Defaultvariablesremoved(seebelow).Modelwillstopifanydataareproblematic.Fileshouldbe checkedtoensurethatreasonabledataarebeingused.Ifanerroroccurswhenthereshouldnotbeone letusknowasitmaymeanwehavemadethelimitstoorestrictive. ContentsnolongerusedFiledefaultFcld=0.1defaultPres=1013defaultRH=50defaultT=10defaultU=3 RunControl.nml Justdeletelinesfromfile Valuesyouhadwerelikelydifferentfromtheseexamplevalueshownhere NewinSUEWSVersion2012a 1.Improvederrormessageswhenanerrorisencountered.Errormessagewillgenerallybewrittentothe screenandtothefile‘problems.txt’ 2.Formatofallinputfileshavechanged. 3.NewexcelspreadsheetandRprogrammetohelppreparerequireddatafiles.(Notrequired) 4.Formatofcoefflux(OHM)inputfileshavechanged. Thisallowsforcleareridentificationforusersofthecoefficientsthatareactuallytobeused Thisrequiresanadditionalfilewithcoefficients.Thesedonotneedtobeadjustedbutnewcoefficients canbeadded.Wewouldappreciatereceivingadditionalcoefficientssotheycanbeincludedinfuture releases–PleaseemailSue. 5.Storageheatflux(OHM)coefficientscanbechangedby timeofyear(summer,winter) surfacewetnessstate 6.Newfilesarewritten:DailyState.txt Providesthestatusofvariablesthatareupdatedonadailyorbasisorasnapshotattheendofeach day. 7.SurfaceTypes Clarificationofsurfacetypeshasbeenmade.SeeGISandOHMrelatedfiles NewinSUEWSVersion2011b 1.Storageheatflux(ΔQs)andanthropogenicheatflux(QF)canbesettobe0Wm2 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 70/71 2.CalculationofhydraulicconductivityinsoilhasbeenimprovedandHydraulicConductinSUEWSInput.nml isreplacedwithnameSatHydraulicConduct 3.FollowingremovedfromHeaderInput.nml ThelowerthreearenowdeterminedfromthewaterusebehaviourusedinSUEWS 1.FollowingaddedtoHeaderInput.nml SatHydraulicConduct defaultQf defaultQs 2.IfΔQsandQFarenotcalculatedinthemodelbutaregivenasaninput,themissingdataisreplacedwith thedefaultvalues. 3.AddedtoSAHPinputfile AHDIUPRF–diurnalprofileusedifAnthropHeatChoice=1 V2012athisbecameobsoleteOHMfile(SSss_YYYY.ohm) DifferencesbetweenSUEWS,LUMPSandFRAISE ThelargestdifferencebetweenLUMPSandSUEWSisthatthelattersimulatestheurbanwaterbalancein detailwhileLUMPStakesasimplerapproachforthesensibleandlatentheatfluxesandthewaterbalance (“waterbucket”).Thecalculationofevaporation/latentheatinSUEWSismorebiophysicallybased.Duetoits simplicity,LUMPSrequireslessparametersinordertorun.SUEWSgivesturbulentheatfluxescalculated withbothmodelsasanoutput.ThemodelcanrunLUMPSalonewithoutrunningSUEWS(Table4.1– SuewsStatus). SimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenLUMPSandSUEWS. LUMPS SUEWS Netallwave radiation(Q*) InputorNARP InputorNARP Storageheatflux (ΔQS) InputorfromOHM InputorfromOHM Anthropogenic heatflux(QF) Inputorcalculated Inputorcalculated Latentheat(QE) DeBruinandHoltslag (1982) PenmanMonteithequation2 Sensibleheatflux (QH) DeBruinandHoltslag (1982) ResidualfromavailableenergyminusQE Waterbalance Nowaterbalanceincluded Runningwaterbalanceofcanopyandwaterbalanceof soil Soilmoisture Notconsidered Modelled 20/06/2016 SUEWSUMEP http://urbanclimate.net/umep/SUEWS 71/71 Surfacewetness Simplewaterbucketmodel Runningwaterbalance Irrigation Onlyfractionofsurface areathatisirrigated Inputorcalculatedwithasimplemodel Surfacecover buildings,paved, vegetation buildings,paved,coniferousanddeciduous trees/shrubs,irrigatedandunirrigatedgrass FRAISEFluxRatio–ActiveIndexSurfaceExchange FRAISEprovidesanestimateofmeanmidday(±3haroundsolarnoon)energypartitioningfrominformation onthesurfacecharacteristicsandestimatesofthemeanmiddayincomingradiativeenergyand anthropogenicheatrelease.PleaserefertoLoridanandGrimmond(2012) forfurtherdetails. Topic FRAISE LUMPS SUEWS Complexity Simplest:FRAISE Morecomplex:SUEWS Software provided: Rcode Windowsexe(written inFortran) Windowsexe(writteninFortran) otherversionsavailable Applicable period: Midday(within3hof solarnoon) hourly 5minhourlyannual Unique features: calculatesactivesurface –andfluxes radiationandenergy balances radiation,energyandwaterbalance (includesLUMPS) [39]