BREAST PATHOLOGIES IN EUTHYROID WOMEN WITH THYROID DISORDERS: CLINICAL AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS

SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 11 NOVEMBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 63 BREAST PATHOLOGIES IN EUTHYROID WOMEN WITH THYROID DISORDERS: CLINICAL AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS D.A. Urmanbayeva1, S.Sh. Makhmudjonova2 Andijan State Medical Institute1,2 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17744621 Abstract. Thyroid disorders, even in euthyroid women, may influence the development of various mammary gland pathologies and adversely affect reproductive health. Early identification of breast neoplasms is crucial to prevent malignant transformation. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, localization, and clinical–ultrasonographic characteristics of breast pathologies in euthyroid women with thyroid disorders. A total of 69 euthyroid women from Andijan (2023–2025) were examined. Comprehensive clinical evaluation, ultrasonographic assessment of the thyroid and mammary glands, hormonal profiling (TSH, T₃, T₄), and cytological or histological analyses were performed. Results demonstrated that mastopathy (24.4%), fibroadenoma (22.3%), adenosis (20%), and cysts (20%) were the most common breast pathologies. Lesions were predominantly localized in the upper-outer quadrants of both breasts. Notably, patients with a history of thyroid resection showed a lower frequency of breast pathologies. Regular screening and early detection of breast pathologies in euthyroid women with thyroid disorders are essential components of preventive healthcare. Keywords: euthyroid, thyroid disorders, breast neoplasms, mastopathy, early diagnosis. Introduction Thyroid gland disorders are prevalent among women and have a profound impact on overall health and quality of life. Even when thyroid hormone production is normal, structural or functional changes in the thyroid may directly affect mammary gland activity. Early detection of mastopathy, cysts, and other dysplastic changes is therefore of considerable clinical importance. In Uzbekistan, this issue is particularly relevant due to the high prevalence of endemic goiter and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Identifying pathological changes in the mammary glands under euthyroid conditions aids in preserving reproductive health, reducing menstrual disturbances and pain, and lowering the risk of breast cancer. Consequently, comprehensive monitoring of mammary glands, early diagnostics, and preventive strategies in women with thyroid disorders are essential components of modern clinical practice. Materials and Methods The study included 69 euthyroid women residing in the Andijan region between 2023 and 2025. Participants were divided into two groups: • Group I (Main group): Women with diagnosed breast pathologies • Group II (Control group): Women with clinically healthy mammary glands All participants underwent clinical examination, ultrasound evaluation of the thyroid and mammary glands, and hormonal analysis (TSH, T₃, T₄). Cytological or histological assessments were performed when indicated. Data were analyzed to evaluate the correlation between breast pathologies and thyroid gland disorders in euthyroid women. Results SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 11 NOVEMBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 64 The prevalence of breast diseases among euthyroid women with thyroid pathology was analyzed. Among 12 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), 7 (58.34%) had breast neoplasms. Among 56 patients with endemic goiter, 37 (66.07%) had breast neoplasms. Of the 4 patients who underwent thyroid resection, only 1 (25%) had breast neoplasms. Breast neoplastic changes were generally bilateral, with no significant difference between right and left breasts. The incidence varied according to thyroid pathology type: • Diffuse goiter: 32/46 patients (69.56%) • Nodular goiter: 3/4 patients (66.67%) • Diffuse-nodular goiter: 10/19 patients (52.63%) The localization of neoplastic changes in the mammary glands of women in the main group was studied (Table 1) Table 1. Localization of Neoplastic Changes in Euthyroid Women Breast Quadrant Left Breast Right Breast n % n % 1.Upper-Outer (UO) 29 72,5 27 69,23 2.Upper-Inner (UI) 9 22,5 12 30,77 3. Lower-Outer (LO) 19 47,5 19 48,72 4.Lower-Inner (LI) 20 50,0 15 38,46 5. Central Zone (CZ, suband para-areolar) 21 52,5 17 43,58 Total 40 100% 39 100% Notes: • The upper-outer quadrant showed the highest frequency of pathological changes in both breasts. • Distribution in other quadrants was relatively similar. Table 2. Frequency of Breast Neoplasms in Euthyroid Women Breast Disease Number of Patients % Adenosis 9 20,0 Fibroadenoma 10 22,3 Cysts 9 20,0 Intraductal papilloma 4 8,8 Mastopathy 11 24,4 Breast Cancer 2 4,5 SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 11 NOVEMBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 65 Total 45 100 Notes: • Diffuse mastopathy was observed in 2 patients (18.18%), and nodular mastopathy in 9 patients (9.09%). • Most mastopathy cases were of moderate severity. • Breast pain was frequently reported during the premenstrual period (64.1%), while only 35.9% experienced constant pain, indicating a hormonal influence. • Cytological findings included colostral cells (50%), adipose tissue (50%), amorphous masses (25%), and fibroblasts (25%). Palpation revealed dense fibrous areas with poorly defined margins, while the remaining glandular tissue maintained soft-elastic consistency. Discussion The findings indicate that breast pathologies are frequently observed in euthyroid women with thyroid disorders. Most changes were of moderate severity, fibrous or mixed in nature, and predominantly located in the upper-outer quadrants. Bilateral distribution of lesions was common, with no significant difference between right and left breasts. The duration of thyroid pathology influenced breast disease frequency. Patients who underwent thyroid resection had lower incidence, likely due to reduced pathological influence of thyroid tissue on the mammary glands. Clinical symptoms, particularly premenstrual pain, were significantly associated with breast pathology, confirming a hormonal component in disease development. These results underscore the importance of mammary gland monitoring in euthyroid women and provide practical guidance for early diagnosis and preventive measures. Conclusion Breast pathologies are prevalent among euthyroid women with thyroid disorders, typically presenting as moderate, fibrous, or mixed lesions, most commonly in the upper-outer quadrants. Dysplastic changes are generally bilateral. Monitoring mammary glands and implementing early diagnostic and preventive strategies are essential in clinical practice for women with thyroid disorders. REFERENCES 1. Kovalenko, A. V., & Petrova, E. N. (2021). Thyroid dysfunction and breast tissue pathology: Diagnostic correlation by ultrasound and hormonal profile. Journal of Endocrine Imaging, 14(3), 112–118. 2. Srikantia, N., & Basu, S. (2020). Correlation between thyroid disorders and benign breast diseases: A clinical and ultrasonographic study. International Journal of Radiology and Imaging, 33(2), 45–52. 3. Şimşek, E., & Yılmaz, H. (2019). Ultrasound evaluation of breast changes in patients with thyroid dysfunction. European Journal of Endocrinology, 181(4), 527–533. 4. 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