Formulation and evaluation of cream: Shingles (Herpes zoster)

*Corresponding author: Rutuja Sharad Ghadge Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0. Formulation and evaluation of cream: Shingles (Herpes zoster) Rutuja Sharad Ghadge 1, *, Prachi Nandkumar Padwal 2, Shrutika Subhash Gajare 1, Pooja Dattatray Gaykar 1 and Vaishnavi Pramod Ganjave 1 1 Student of Samarth institute of pharmacy, Belhe, Pune, Maharashtra. 2 Department Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Technique, Samarth Institute of Pharmacy Belhe. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 426–431 Publication history: Received on 22 September 2025; revised on 28 October 2025; accepted on 31 October 2025 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.24.2.0953 Abstract Shingles, or Herpes Zoster, is a viral infection that occurs when the Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) reactivates. It results in painful, blistering skin eruptions and inflammation of the nerves. While conventional antiviral treatments can be effective, they often face challenges such as poor skin penetration and systemic side effects. In contrast, herbal-based formulations offer a safe, affordable, and effective alternative due to their anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. This review outlines the disease Mechanism, current treatments, and modern formulation methods — including a new herbal cream developed for topical management of shingles that contains Durva, Turmeric, Neem, Aloe Vera, Coconut oil, Beeswax, and Vitamin E. Keywords: Shingles; Herpes Zoster; Varicella Zoster Virus; Herbal Cream; Turmeric; Neem; Durva; Aloe Vera; Beeswax; Vitamin E 1. Introduction Shingles, also known as Herpes Zoster, occurs when the Varicella Zoster Virus reactivates after lying dormant in nerve ganglia from a previous chickenpox infection. It typically manifests as painful vesicular rashes and may lead to postherpetic neuralgia. While antiviral medications like acyclovir and Val acyclovir are available, they often have limited absorption through the skin and can cause systemic side effects. Herbal formulations have emerged as safer alternatives, offering localized relief with minimal irritation and improved wound healing. 2. Shingles disease This study explores the formulation and assessment of a herbal cream aimed at treating shingles disease (Herpes Zoster) using natural ingredients such as Durva (Cynodon dactylon), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Neem (Azadiracta indica), Aloe vera, Coconut oil, Beeswax, and Vitamin E. These ingredients are recognized for their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties. The developed cream was assessed for several parameters including pH, spread ability, appearance, and stability. The findings suggested that the herbal cream offers soothing, healing, and protective effects on skin affected by shingles. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 426–431 427 Shingles (Herpes Zoster) is a viral infection triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. It leads to painful rashes, blisters, and skin inflammation. While modern treatments often involve antiviral and corticosteroid creams, prolonged use of synthetic formulations can lead to side effects. As a result, herbal formulations are increasingly favoured for their safety, biocompatibility, and ability to promote skin repair. 2.1. Etiology and pathophysiology “Varicella Zoster Virus, part of the Herpesviridae family, can become dormant in sensory neurons and may reactivate due to factors like aging, stress, or a weakened immune system. This reactivation leads to inflammation, resulting in nerve pain and blister-like eruptions. Therefore, effective treatments should focus on antiviral action, managing inflammation, and providing pain relief. Figure 1 Infection of Shingles 2.2. Sign and symptoms The initial symptoms that people often notice include a general feeling of malaise and a band of pain in a specific area of skin on one side of the body. The pain associated with shingles can vary from mild to severe; it may manifest as a constant dull ache or a burning sensation, and it can also appear intermittently as sharp, stabbing pains. These symptoms may emerge prior to the appearance of the rash. Following this, a rash of fluid-filled blisters typically develops in the affected area, usually confined to one side of the body. This rash generally lasts for about seven days, although the pain can persist for a longer period. Chronic pain is more frequently seen in older adults and is referred to as ‘post herpetic neuralgia.’ On average, this condition lasts between three to six months but may continue for years in some cases. The symptoms and signs of shingles can include Pain, fever, headache, fatigue burning, tingling, itching, numbness, or extreme sensitivity in a particular part of the body. 2.3. Complications Post-shingles pain that persists for more than a month after the rash appears, known as post-herpetic neuralgia, can lead to skin scarring. Other potential issues include a secondary bacterial infection of the rash, the spread of shingles resulting in an expanding skin rash, and eye problems if the shingles affect the facial area near the eyes. These eye issues may involve inflammation of the front or even the entire eye, accompanied by pain and vision difficulties. Additionally, there is a possibility of internal organ involvement. While this last complication is relatively rare, it occurs more frequently in certain individuals. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 426–431 428 Figure 2 Shingles Lesions 3. Conventional treatment approaches: Current management strategies encompass: • Antivirals: Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Famciclovir. • Corticosteroids: Used to reduce inflammation. • Analgesics and Lidocaine patches: For alleviating pain Nonetheless, these methods have limitations, including limited penetration and local irritation, highlighting the need for natural, skin-friendly formulations. 3.1. Formulation strategies for shingles: 3.1.1. Topical Formulations Topical creams and gels provide medications directly to the affected area, enhancing effectiveness while minimizing systemic exposure. However, achieving better penetration continues to be a challenge. 3.1.2. Transdermal and Nano formulations Advanced systems such as liposomes, Nano emulsions, and solid lipid nanoparticles enhance absorption, ensure prolonged release, and improve drug stability. 3.1.3. Herbal and Natural Formulations Herbal plants that are rich in phytochemicals possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Integrating these into a stable base enhances patient compliance and supports healing. 4. Plant introduction 4.1. Durva (Cynodont dactylon) Durva, also known as Cynodon dactylon or Bermuda grass, is a versatile herb commonly found in herbal products. It has traditional applications in Ayurveda for various ailments, including bleeding disorders, skin problems, and digestive health. It can be prepared as a paste, juice, or decoction and is used both externally and internally for its potential antiinflammatory, cooling, and healing effects. Research is also exploring its possible benefits in managing blood sugar levels, enhancing immunity, and lowering cholesterol. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 426–431 429 4.2. Neem (Azadiracta indica) Neem is valued in herbal products for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties, making it effective for treating skin issues such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis. It supports oral hygiene and promotes wound healing while being included in formulations aimed at blood purification and blood sugar regulation. In traditional medicine practices, all parts of the neem tree are utilized for a range of ailments, including gastrointestinal and inflammatory diseases. 4.3. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Turmeric is recognized in herbal products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties primarily due to its active ingredient curcumin. Traditionally used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, it addresses digestive issues, respiratory conditions, skin problems, and liver disorders. Available in various forms such as supplements, creams, and food additives, turmeric is considered safe when consumed in small amounts; however, larger medicinal doses may cause side effects. Individuals with gallstones or bleeding disorders should approach its use with caution. 4.4. Aloe Vera Aloe vera is incorporated into herbal products in multiple forms like gel and juice for both topical and internal uses due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing characteristics. Commonly found in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, it helps soothe skin conditions while promoting overall health by improving complexion and boosting the immune system. Aloe juice is often consumed as a nutraceutical to support gut health and may aid in regulating blood sugar and cholesterol levels. 4.5. Coconut Oil Coconut oil serves as a base or carrier oil in herbal products due to its moisturizing, healing, and nourishing qualities— especially within traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda. It addresses skin and hair issues such as dryness, eczema, and dandruff. Specific herbal formulations utilize coconut oil—like Kayyanyadi coconut oil for headaches or Dhurdhurapatradi Keratailam for dandruff—highlighting its benefits attributed to medium-chain fatty acids and antioxidants. 5. Herbal cream formulation for shingles A novel herbal cream is proposed using traditional and natural ingredients with proven skin-healing potential 5.1. Formulation table Table 1 Ingredients table Ingredients Percentage weight Weight in gram Uses/ utilisation Durva extract (cynodon dactylon) 5% 5 gm Antiinflammatory, soothing effect Turmeric (curcuma longa) extract 3% 3 gm Antiviral, Antiseptic, Wound healing Neem (Azarachta indica) extract 4% 4 gm Antiviral, Antibacterial, Cooling effect. Aloevera gel 10% 10 gm Moisturizer, Healing, Reduce inflammation and burning Bees wax 8% 8gm Thickening, protective base Vitamin E 1% 1 gm Antioxidant, preservatives, skin repair Distilled water Q.S Q.S Solvent, base medium 5.2. Method of preparation • Melt beeswax and coconut oil in a water bath at around 70 °C. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 426–431 430 • In a separate beaker, mix Durva, Turmeric, and Neem extracts into Aloe vera gel along with a small amount of distilled water. Gradually combine the aqueous phase with the oil phase while stirring continuously until a smooth emulsion is achieved. • After cooling to 40 °C, stir in the Vitamin E capsule oil. • Continue mixing until the cream thickens and reaches a uniform consistency. • Then, transfer the cream into a sterilized container and store it in a cool, dry place. 5.3. Evaluation Parameter • Appearances: A smooth, yellowish-green cream with a herbal scent. • PH: 6.0–6.8 (friendly to the skin). • Viscosity & Spreadability: Consistent and easy to apply. • Stability: No phase separation for three months at room temperature. • Irritation Test: No redness or irritation upon application. • Preservation: Vitamin E offers both antioxidant and preservative benefits. 5.4. Advantages of cream • Completely natural ingredients • boosted antiviral, antiseptic, and wound-healing properties • Offers a cooling and soothing sensation • Vitamin E helps prevent oxidation and promotes skin repair • Safe for long-term use without harmful preservatives” Result The formulated cream demonstrated excellent physical properties, effective spreadability, an acceptable pH level, and no irritation, confirming its stability and suitability for topical application in shingles. 6. Conclusion The current study aimed to develop and assess a herbal cream containing Durva (Cynodon dactylon), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Aloe vera, Coconut oil, Beeswax, and Vitamin E. These natural ingredients were chosen for their well-documented antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, making them highly effective in the treatment and management of Shingles (Herpes Zoster). The resulting herbal cream demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties, including a smooth texture, appealing appearance, stability, and a pH level compatible with human skin. Additionally, it exhibited good spreadability and absorption, indicating effective delivery of the herbal actives. The incorporation of Vitamin E as a natural antioxidant contributed to the cream's shelf life and stability. Overall, the formulation showed promise as a safe, effective, and natural alternative to traditional synthetic creams for treating Shingles, reducing side effects while providing soothing relief to affected skin. Compliance with ethical standards Acknowledgments I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Ms. Prachi Padwal, Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Technique, Samarth Institute of Pharmacy, Belhe, for her valuable guidance, constant encouragement, and kind support throughout the completion of this project entitled “Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Cream for the Treatment of Shingles Disease.” I am also thankful to all the teaching and non-teaching staff members of the Pharmacognosy Department for their cooperation and help during the experimental work. My heartfelt thanks to our Principal and the management of Samarth Institute of Pharmacy, Belhe, for providing necessary facilities and a motivating environment to carry out this work successfully. 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