EKMA ZA'FARON O'SIMLIGI NEMATODALAR FAUNASI

438 EKMA ZA’FARON O‘SIMLIGI NEMATODALAR FAUNASI Narzullayeva Gulchehra Qudratovna, Toshkent Tibbiyot Akademiyasi Termiz filiali, Tibbiy biologiya va gistologiya kafedrasi assistenti DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17752822 Annotatsiya. Maqolada Surxondaryo viloyatida iqlimlashtirilgan ekma za’faron - (crocus sativus) o‘simligida aniqlangan nematodalar faunasining turlar tarkibi o‘simlik organlari va rizosferasida taqsimlanishi tahlil qilingan. Natijada ekma za’faron o‘simligining poya-bargida 13 ta, ildizida 51 ta, rizosferasida 61 ta nematoda turlari uchraganligi, shuningdek, aniqlangan nematoda turlari orasida: 6 turi dominant, 10 turi subdominant, 7 turi retsedent hamda 38 turi subretsedent turlar sifatida qayd etilgan. Kalit so‘zlar: fauna, crocus sativus, nematodalar, rizosfera, dominantlik. Abstract. The article analyzes the species composition of nematode fauna detected in acclimatized crocus sativus (crocus sativus) plants in Surkhandarya region, its distribution in plant organs and rhizosphere. As a result, 13 nematode species were found in the stem and leaves of crocus plants, 51 in the roots, and 61 in the rhizosphere. Among the detected nematode species, 6 species were dominant, 10 species were subdominant, 7 species were recedent, and 38 species were subrecedent. Keywords: fauna, crocus sativus, nematodes, rhizosphere, dominance. Kirish. O‘zbekistonda dorivor o‘simliklarni iqlimlashtirish va plantatsiyalarini kеngaytirish, aholini tabobat yo‘nalishi mahsulotlaridan foydalanishga adaptatsiya qilish bilan bir qatorda, ularning zararkunandalarini tadqiq еtishga talab kuchayib bormoqda. Bu borada dorivor o‘simliklarning biozararlanishini, kеltirib chiqarayotgan va xo‘jalikka zarar yеtkazayotgan nematodalarning tur tarkibi va bioеkologiyasini o‘rganishga alohida е’tibor qaratilmoqda. Tadqiqot materiali va metodlari. Dorivor o‘simliklar namunalari 2020-2024 yillar davomida Surxondaryo viloyatining 4 ta hududlaridan: Termiz shahri, Termiz tumani, Sho‘rchi tumani va Uzun tumanlariga qarashli ekin maydonlaridan iqlimlashtirilgan ekma za’faron o‘simligidan 168 ta namunalari yig‘ildi. Namunalar yig‘ishda marshrut metodidan foydalanildi [2]. Yig‘ilgan namunalar, Termiz davlat universiteti Zoologiya kafedrasiga tegishli bo‘lgan “Gelmintologiya ilmiy laboratoriyasi”da tahlil qilindi. Nematodalarni o‘simlik ildizi va rizosferasidan ajratib olishda Bermanning “Voronkali” usulidan foydalanildi[5]. Doimiy preparat tayyorlash uchun Saynxorst metodidan foydalanildi[8]. Fitonematodalarning turlarini, jinsini aniqlashda N-300M Trinokulyar mikroskopidan, shuningdek, nematodalar aniqlagichlari va atlaslardan foydalanildi. Preparatlardagi nematodalarning o’lchamini o’chashda ko’pchilik tadqiqotchilar tomonidan qabul qilingan, Mikoletskiy tomonidan qayta ishlangan de Mann [6;7] formulasidan foydalanildi. 439 Fitonematodalarni sistemaga solishda Chen va Hoddalar tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan nematodalar sistemasidan foydalanildi[1;3;4]. Tahlil va natijalar. Tadqiqotlarimiz davomida O‘zbekistonning janubida iqlimlashtirilgan ekma za’faron o‘simligi agrotsenozlarida aniqlangan nematodalari faunistik kompleksi keng doirada tahlil qilinganda, nematodalar tipining 2 ta sinf, 6 ta turkum, 22 ta oila, 36 ta avlodga mansub 61 turga mansub fitonematodalar qayd etildi (jadval). jadval Ekma za’faron o‘simligi va rizosferasida nematodalarning taqsimlanishi № Nematoda turlari Individlar soni Jami 100 % rizosfera ildiz bargpoya 1 Tobrilus kirjanovae 5 5 0,16 2 Mononchus truncatus 13 13 0,40 3 Mylonchulus sigmaturus 16 16 0,50 4 Dorylaimus stagnalis 13 13 0,40 5 D.bastianoides 11 11 0,35 6 Discolaimoides bulbiferus 6 2 8 0,25 7 Xiphinema americanum 17 9 26 0,81 8 Nygolaimus brachyuris 6 6 0,19 9 Plectus parietinus 11 5 16 0,50 10 Proteroplectus parvus 7 2 9 0,28 11 Cephalobus persegnis 66 33 99 3,08 12 C.parvus 22 13 35 1,09 13 C.thermophilus 11 3 14 0,44 14 Eucephalobus oxyuroides 51 27 2 80 2,49 15 E.cornis 13 5 18 0,56 16 Acrobeloides buetschlii 93 46 139 4,32 17 Chiloplacus demani 11 3 14 0,44 18 Ch.propinquus 103 62 8 173 5,38 19 Ch.sclerovaginatus 98 57 4 159 4,94 20 Acrobeles ciliatus 4 3 7 0,22 21 Panagrolaimus rigidus 173 108 21 302 9,39 22 P.subelongatus 172 79 17 268 8,33 23 P.longicaudatus 45 24 2 71 2,21 24 P.multidentatus 28 43 12 83 2,58 25 Mesorhabditis monhystera 8 4 12 0,37 26 Pelodera monhysteroides 16 7 23 0,71 27 Rhabditis brevispina 180 77 257 7,99 28 Rh.filiformis 21 21 0,65 440 29 Aphelenchus avenae 107 69 11 187 5,81 30 A.eremitus 31 14 45 1,40 31 Aphelenchoides parietinus 106 62 168 5,22 32 A.dactylocercus 8 4 12 0,37 33 A.composticola 50 73 123 3,82 34 A.limberi 8 4 1 13 0,40 35 A.macronucleatus 11 5 2 18 0,56 36 Tylenchus davainei 6 3 9 0,28 37 Filenchus filiformis 43 21 64 1,99 38 Lelenchus discrepans 23 7 30 0,93 39 L.leptosoma 7 7 0,22 40 L.infirmus 2 2 0,06 41 Aglenchus thornei 6 2 8 0,25 42 Tylenchorhynchus brassicae 23 15 38 1,18 43 T.maximus 17 11 28 0,87 44 Bitylenchus dubius 22 9 31 0,96 45 Psilenchus hilarulus 16 4 20 0,62 46 P.clavicaudatus 14 9 2 25 0,78 47 Helicotylenchus dihystera 31 16 47 1,46 48 H.pseudorobustus 25 9 34 1,06 49 Rotylenchus robustus 27 12 39 1,21 50 Pratylenchus pratensis 58 24 82 2,55 51 P.scribneri 43 25 68 2,11 52 Pratylenchoides crenicauda 9 3 12 0,37 53 Paratylenchus macrophallus 4 4 0,12 54 Hexatylus viviparous 5 12 3 20 0,62 55 Paurodontus gracilis 11 5 16 0,50 56 Ditylenchus dipsaci 64 33 4 101 3,14 57 D.intermedius 11 3 14 0,44 58 D.myceliophagus 20 11 31 0,96 59 Nothotylenchus acris 2 1 3 0,09 60 N.exiguus 5 3 8 0,25 61 N.thornei 8 4 12 0,37 Jami Turlar soni 61 51 13 61 100 Individlar soni 2043 1085 89 3217 100 Ekma za’faron o‘simligi poya-bargida 13 ta, ildizida 51 ta, rizosferasida 61 ta fitonematoda turlari qayd etildi. Aniqlangan fitonematodalarning 6 turi dominant, 10 turi subdominant, 7 turi retsedent hamda 38 turga mansub fitonematodalar subretsedent turlar ekanligi qayd etildi. Shuningdek, eudominant turlar tadqiqotlar davomida uchramadi. 441 Ekma za’faron o‘simligi rizosferasidan nematodalarning 61 turga mansub 2043 ta individi topilgan bo‘lib, ular orasida eudominant turlar qayd etilmadi. 6 turga mansub fitonematodalar Chiloplacus propinquus, Panagrolaimus rigidus, P.subelongatus, Rhabditis brevispina, Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides parietinus lar dominant turlardir. 10 tur fitonematodalar Cephalobus persegnis, Eucephalobus oxyuroides, Acrobeloides buetschlii, Chiloplacus sclerovaginatus, Panagrolaimus longicaudatus, P.multidentatus, Aphelenchoides composticola, Pratylenchus pratensis, P.scribneri, Ditylenchus dipsaci lar subdominant turlardir. 7 tur fitonematodalar Cephalobus parvus, Aphelenchus eremitus, Filenchus filiformis, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H.pseudorobustus, Rotylenchus robustus lar retsedent turlar sifatida o‘simlik rizosferasida aniqlandi. Ekma za’faron o‘simligi ildizidan 51 turga mansub 1085 ta fitonematodalar topildi. Ildizda aniqlangan fitonematodalarning 6 turi dominant, 10 turi subdominant, 7 turi retsedent hamda 28 turi subretsedentlardir. O‘simlik ildizida qayd etilgan turlar orasida Panagrolaimus rigidus (108 ta individ), P.subelongatus (79 ta), Rhabditis brevispina (77 ta), Aphelenchoides composticola (73 ta), A. parietinus (62 ta), Aphelenchus avenae (69 ta), Chiloplacus propinquus (62 ta) kabi fitonematodalar turlari individlar soni bo‘yicha eng ko‘p uchrovchi turlar hisoblanadi. Ekma za’faron o‘simligi poya-bargidan 13 turga mansub 89 ta fitonematodalar topildi. Poya-bargda aniqlangan fitonematodalarning 4 turi dominant, 5 turi subdominant hamda 4 turi subretsedentlardir. Tadqiqot davomida eudominant va retsedent turlar aniqlanmadi. Xulosa. Surxondaryo viloyatida iqlimlashtirilgan ekma za’faron - (crocus sativus) o‘simligining poya-bargida 13 ta, ildizida 51 ta, rizosferasida 61 ta nematoda turi aniqlandi. Nematoda turlari orasida: 6 turi dominant, 10 turi subdominant, 7 turi retsedent hamda 38 turi subretsedent turlar sifatida qayd etildi. Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar 1. Chen, Z.X., Chen, S.Y. et al. A Century of Plant Nematology // J. Nematology Advances and Perspectives, Vol 1. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, China. 2004. – P. 1-42. 2. Choriyev S, Khurramov A, Khurramov Sh, Mardonayeva D. Ecological analysis of peanut nematodes in Surkhondaryo region. BIO Web Conf., 2024. 100.04006. 3. Hodda, M. Phylum Nematoda Cobb 1932. Zootaxa. 2011. -№ 3148 (1). Pp. 63-95. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.11 4. Hodda M. Phylum Nematoda: a classification, catalogue and index of valid genera, with a census of valid species. Zootaxa., 2022. № 5114 (1): рр. 1-289. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5114.1.1 442 5. Khuramov A., Bobokeldieva L., Choriyev S., Rakhmatullaev B., Khimmatov N., Raimov S., & Karshieva M. A Comprehensive study of phytonematodes of grape plants in the conditions of the Surkhandarya valley, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas Journal Of Biological Diversity, 2024. 25(11). 6. Khurramov A, Mukhiddinova M, Karshieva M, Temirova M, Narzullaeva G. 2024. On the study of the wheat nematode Anguina tritici chitwood, 1935 and their importance in wheat cultivation in Uzbekistan conditions BIO Web Conf., 100. 04023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410004023 7. Ryss A.Y. A Simple Express Technique to Process Nematodes for Collection Slide Mounts. J Nematol, 2017.49(1): 27–32. doi: 10.21307/jofnem-2017-043