Supplementary material 2 from: Vilà M, Trillo A, Morón-López R, D'Antonio CM, Funk JL, Parker IM, Rodríguez-Parra A, Castro-Díez P (2025) Invasive grasses do not always exhibit superior and faster plant life-history traits in the introduced range than in the native range. NeoBiota 104: 203-223. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.104.162821

Total Germination (%) & Seed Viability (%) Temperature Precipitation Seasonality Figure S4. Contrasting life-history trait-climatic relationships in Avena barbata, Bromus hordeaceus and Brachypodium distachyon in populations from the introduced range in California and the native range in Spain. In the variables expressed as percentages and counts curves appear because logarithmic functions transform the means of the original scale to be sigmoidal (logit link) or exponential (log link), respectively. Therefore, when we applied inverse-logit, the prediction might not be fully linear. Avena barbata California has significantly less Seed Viability in Precipitation model. Seed Viability Total Germination Avena barbata Total Aboveground Biomass (g) & Vegetative Aboveground Biomass (g) California has significantly more Total Biomass in all models. California has significantly more Vegetative Biomass in Temperature and Precipitation models. Temperature increases Total Biomass and Vegetative Biomass in Spain. Precipitation increasesVegetative Biomass in California, and decreases in Spain. Vegetative Biomass Total Biomass Temperature Precipitation Seasonality Avena barbata Reproductive Biomass (g) & Fecundity (N Fruits) California has significantly more Reproductive Biomass in all models. California has significantly more Fecundity in Temperature and Precipitation models. Temperature increasesFecundity in Spain. Precipitation decreases Fecundity in California. Seasonality decreasesFecundity in Spain. Reproductive Biomass Temperature Precipitation Seasonality Fecundity Avena barbata Reproductive Allocation (%) California has significantly more Reproductive Allocation in Temperature and Precipitation models. Precipitation decreasesReproductive Allocation in California. Temperature Precipitation Seasonality Bromus hordeaceus Total Germination (%) & Seed Viability (%) Non-significant differences between countries or relationship with climate. Seed Viability Total Germination Temperature Precipitation Seasonality Bromus hordeaceus Total Aboveground Biomass (g) & Vegetative Aboveground Biomass (g) Precipitation increasesTotal Biomass and Vegetative Biomass in California. Vegetative Biomass Total Biomass Temperature Precipitation Seasonality Bromus hordeaceus Reproductive Biomass (g) & Fecundity (N Fruits) California has significantly less Reproductive Biomass in Seasonality model. California has significantly less Fecundity in Temperature models. Reproductive Biomass Temperature Precipitation Seasonality Fecundity Bromus hordeaceus Reproductive Allocation (%) California has significantly lessReproductive Allocation in Seasonality model. Seasonality increasesReproductive Allocation in California. Temperature Precipitation Seasonality Brachypodium distachyon Total Germination (%) & Seed Viability (%) Seed Viability Total Germination Temperature Precipitation Seasonality California has significantly less Total Germination in Seasonality model. California has significantly less Seed Viability in Precipitation and Seasonality models. Precipitation increasesTotal Germination and Seed Viability in Spain. Seasonality increasesSeed Viability in Spain.