THE ROLE OF AMIR TEMUR IN THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THE IMPORTANCE OF TEMUR'S DIPLOMACY IN THE WORD

INTERNATIONALSCIENCES, EDUCATION AND NEW LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2025 https://internationalsciences.org/ | Social Sciences and Humanities | November, 2025 47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17785113 THE ROLE OF AMIR TEMUR IN THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THE IMPORTANCE OF TEMUR’S DIPLOMACY IN THE WORD Maxmudova Xusnidaxon the student of the University of World Economy and Diplomacy maxmudovaxusnidax[email protected]om Scientific supervisor: Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Nargiza Erikovna Sharipova Associate Professor of the University of World Economy and Diplomacy [email protected] ABSTRACT This article discusses the founder of the greatest empire of his time, a great commander and ruler, a patron of science and education, who left an indelible mark on Uzbek statehood and world history, Amir Temur, and Temur’s diplomacy. It can be defined the domestic and foreign policy of the great ruler based on justice, his diplomacy based on soft power and peaceful resolution of conflicts. It also does not ignore the interests of world scientists in studying and clarifying the personality of Amir Temur. Key words. Diplomacy, initiative ruler, diplomatic strategies, diplomatic code, "soft power," diplomatic protocol and ceremony, Temur tuzuklari. РОЛЬ АМИРА ТЕМУРА В МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЯХ: ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ДИПЛОМАТИИ ТЕМУРА В МИРЕ Махмудова Хуснидахон студентка Университета мировой экономики и дипломатии [email protected] Наргиза ЭриковнаШарипова Научный руководитель: кандидат педагогических наук, доцент УМЭД [email protected] INTERNATIONALSCIENCES, EDUCATION AND NEW LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2025 https://internationalsciences.org/ | Social Sciences and Humanities | November, 2025 48 АННОТАЦИЯ В статье рассматривается деятельность основателя величайшей империи своего времени, великого полководца и правителя, покровителя науки и просвещения, оставившего неизгладимый след в узбекской государственности и мировой истории Амира Темура, а также его дипломатическая деятельность. Рассматриваются внутренняя и внешняя политика великого правителя, основанная на справедливости, его дипломатия, основанная на «мягкой силе» и мирном разрешении конфликтов. Также в статье представлен интерес мировых учёных к изучению и освещению личности Амира Темура. Ключевые слова. Дипломатия, инициативный правитель, дипломатические стратегии, дипломатический кодекс, "мягкая сила", дипломатический протокол и церемония, Темур тузуклари. AMIR TEMURNING XALQARO MUNOSABATLARDAGI ROLI: TEMUR DIPLOMATIYASINING DUNYODAGI AHAMIYATI Mahmudova Husnidaxon Jahon iqtisodiyoti va diplomatiya universiteti talabasi maxmudovaxusnidax[email protected]om Nargiza Erikovna Sharipova Ilmiy rahbar: pedagogika fanlari nomzodi JIDU dotsenti [email protected] ANNOTATSIYA Ushbu maqola davomida o‘z davrining eng buyuk saltanati asoschisi, buyuk sarkarda va hukumdor, o‘zbek davlatchiligi va jahon tarixida o‘chmas iz qoldirgan ilm va ma’rifat homiysi Amir Temur va Temur diplomatiyasi haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Sohibqironning adolatga asoslangan ichki va tashqi siyosati, yumshoq kuchga va mojarolarning tinch yo‘l bilan hal qilishga tayangan diplomatiyasi haqida yozilgan. Shuningdek, dunyo olimlarining Amir Temur va Temur shaxsini o‘rganishga va yoritishga bo‘lgan qiziqishlari ham e’tibordan chetda qolmagan. Kalit soʻzlar. Diplomatiya, tashabbuskor hukmdor, diplomatik strategiyalar, diplomatik kodeks, «yumshoq kuch», diplomatik protokol va marosim, Temur tuzuklari. Amir Temur had a significant and powerful influence in the international relations. He was a great leader and also famous as a founder of Temurids’ empire, INTERNATIONALSCIENCES, EDUCATION AND NEW LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2025 https://internationalsciences.org/ | Social Sciences and Humanities | November, 2025 49 which wasextended to China from the east, Mediterranean Sea from the west, and India from the south inthe (XIV) fourteenth century. He had a real love and respect for his religion art, culture,science and history. Moreover, he was a great example of initiative rulers and well known forhis great diplomatic treaties in the world. Amir Temur’s diplomatic strategies have a crucialimpact in the Uzbekistan’s diplomatic development. It has been also a key factor of Uzbek diplomatic relations for hundreds of years. He had always tended to making negotiationsinstead of military and force aggressions. It was a special part of Amir Temur’s diplomacy toresolve disputesamicably(1). So, there is a case about Temur’s warm diplomacy and policyin the troubled international ages. And a question is what was the influence of Amir Temer’sdiplomacy on the growth of Uzbekistan’s diplomatic relations among other states of CentralAsia in the international relations? This research investigates how A. Temur took actions to achieve making peaceful agreements with his enemies and what were the impacts of theseagreements in the history. The study of the diplomacy of Amir Temur period will be a great impetus for widelyunderstanding of the history and maintenance of our national statehood. Sources andhistorical evidence show that in Amir Temur’s diplomacy there was peace, mutual respect,compassion for his opponent and a great opportunity for him, respect for the ambassador inany difficult situation, as well as strict adherence to the rules of diplomacy, inviolability ofhuman life and humanism indicates that the verses are a priority(2). Also, as Egyptian scholar Fathi al Guvayli was said "the diplomatic methods used by Amir Temur in his relations withother statesmen and some of their subtleties deserve a deep theoretical and practical study",Amir Temur’s diplomatic experience has been becoming a main guide for solvinginternational problems in the world. Therefore, the English playwright Christopher Marlonewrote a historical play about our great-grandfather Amir Temur in 1588, the famous Germancomposer George Handel wrote an opera in 1724, and the American writer Edgar Allan Poewrote a poem in 1827. And such works are still appearing today. The fundamental study"Journey to Samarkand, the Age of Amir Temur " published in French in Paris by well-known French scientist Lucien Keren on the eve of the 670th anniversary of the birth ofSahibkiran, which was widely celebrated internationally in 2006, is a clear confirmation ofthis idea(3). In summary, Amir Temur did not use weapons in vain and did not shed blood. During his reign, Temur did everything by cooking on the basis of advice and settingreasonable measures(4). Based on scientific sources Amir Temur was a great diplomat and statesman. He establishedhis own diplomatic code. For example, the historical sources indicate that INTERNATIONALSCIENCES, EDUCATION AND NEW LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2025 https://internationalsciences.org/ | Social Sciences and Humanities | November, 2025 50 diplomatic activitywas quite active in the states that emerged in Central Asia. Especially, diplomacy reached aparticularly high level and perfection in the state of Amir Temur. During his time, there was aspecial service that was engaged in receiving ambassadors and organizing their meetings withthe ruler, and in this regard, there was a special position Mirzo (master of ceremonies) wascreated. The reception of foreign ambassadors in the palace was organized according to aspecial protocol and ceremony, which demonstrated the power, strength and grandeur of thestate, the level of culture, and hospitality of the state’s people and the ruler(5) In addition, Clavijo‘s memories also testify to the existence of special people engaged inembassy dialogues and correspondence at the Amir Temur Palace, the presence of devonsand certain ceremonies, as well as the through organization of Amir Temur’s diplomacy(4). Amir Temur used to be very punctual and do everything with consultation of his council andmaking arrangements. That was a key point of Amir Temur’s diplomatic achievements.Namely, in the affairs of the kingdom, Temur practiced four things: 1.Consulting (withyourself); 2.Consulting (with others); 3.Making a firm decision with caution anddeliberation; 4.Being cautious. Because he thought for the kingdom without consultation anddeliberation can be compared to an ignorant person whose actions and words are all wrong;his words and deeds will bring regret and remorse to the head.Therefore, act withconsultation and deliberation in governing the kingdom, so that you will not regret and regret in the end. Furthermore, he said that nine parts of the affairs of the kingdom are to be carriedout by consultation, action, council and remaining part by the sword. And that means ofappropriate action, one can open the gates of any country where the swords of many armiesare powerless and one can defeat a multitude of armies(3). He also said " Strength - in justice" and did everything by following this slogan. His advice has been aiming to every statesmanto control the state. For instance, the first President of Uzbekistan IslomKarimov wrote that Ihave repeatedly referred to "Temurtuzuklari" in my professional career and have repeatedlybeen convinced of the truthfulness of its timeless life wisdom. For example, it is clear to allof us how relevant the thoughts that "I have seen in my experience that one determined,enterprising, alert, courageous and courageous person is better than a thousand indifferentand indifferent people" are still today. Or it is worth nothing that his instructions "Nine partsof the affairs of the kingdom should be carried out by consultation, deliberation, council andthe remaining part by the sword " contain instructive thoughts in every respect for the turbulent times and for politicians of the 21st century(3). In these days, studies on Amir Temur and the Temurids in 33 countries have been documented in more than 500 publications byforeign scholars show how important Temur’s advice and diplomatic experience in today’scontemporary world. INTERNATIONALSCIENCES, EDUCATION AND NEW LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2025 https://internationalsciences.org/ | Social Sciences and Humanities | November, 2025 51 To sum up Amir Temur had a crucial impact in the world. He was one of the founders of adiplomatic relations in the Central Asia. He was a creator and commander of the "JusticeSquad", also referred to as "just avengers of messenger and the sword of God", who punishedhaughty, conceited and conceited in private, usually at night. Thus, in the history of Uzbekstatehood, the era of Amir Temur and Temurids holds a unique position(6). In diplomacy,initiative is the biggest step towards peace, reconciliation. At this point, we are reminded ofthe following words which are included in the rules of Amir Temur, these are reallynecessary source of maintaining and enhancing every state. The above-mentioned evidence once again confirms that Amir Temur was a great politician and skilled diplomat and had animmeasurable role in the international relations(4) REFERENCES: 1.Uljayeva ,Shohistahon "Exerpt fromthe history of diplomatic relations of Amir Temur on the exampleof Khorezm and the Golden Horde", (Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation,2022) 2.Elimov, Lochin "On the history of Amir Temur’s diplomatic relations with the Egyptiansultans", (JournalNX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal, 2020), 78 3. Temur tuzuklari (Toshkent "O‘zbekiston", 2018), 6 4. Akhmedova O‘g‘iloy "Peculiarities of Amir Temur’s diplomacy" (Экономикаисоциум,2021) 5. Rasulov, A., Tadjiyev, Sh " Zamonaviyishchanlikprotokolivaetiketi" (Toshkent, "ARTFelix", 2018), 21 6. Buribayeva, Mukhlisa " The role of Amir Temur in the history of the world " (GOLDENBRAIN, 2024)