SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF TYPES OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO THE AIM OF SPEAKER IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 51 SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF TYPES OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO THE AIM OF SPEAKER IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES 1S.R.Bakhtiyorova, 1P.R.Akbarova, 1F.Sh.Narbayeva, 1L.I.Ne’matova, 2D.U.Islomova 1student, Navoi state university, 2teacher, Navoi state university https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17785890 Annotation. The study of sentences according to the aim of speaker is the most essential part of language learning, as it helps to alleviate challenges of comprehension of listener by clarifying speaker’s main purpose and intention during the communication. By identifying related key points and various approaches, this article aims to compare both English and Uzbek languages. Every language has relevant rules of linguistics, we are going to determine compare and contrast approaches of both languages through searching grammatical theories and clear examples and this will lead us to understand principal hypothesis of English and Uzbek languages. Key words: sentence, declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, imperative Annotatsiya. Gaplarni so'zlovchining maqsadiga ko'ra o'rganish til o'rganishning eng muhim qismidir, chunki u muloqot paytida so'zlovchining asosiy maqsadi va niyatini aniq qilib, tinglovchining tushunish muammolarini yengillashtirishga yordam beradi. O'zaro bog'liq asosiy fikrlar va turli yondashuvlarni aniqlash orqali ushbu maqola ingliz va o'zbek tillarini solishtirishga qaratilgan. Har bir tilning oʻziga xos tilshunoslik qoidalari bor, biz grammatik nazariyalar va aniq misollar izlash orqali ikkala tilni solishtirish va qarama-qarshi qoʻyish yondashuvlarini aniqlaymiz va bu bizga ingliz va oʻzbek tillarining asosiy teoreyalarini tushunish imkonini beradi. Kalit so’zlar: gap, darak, so‘roq, undov (his-hayajon), buyruq Аннотация. Изучение предложений в соответствии с целью говорящего является наиболее важной частью изучения языка, так как это помогает облегчить проблемы понимания слушателя путем прояснения основной цели и намерения говорящего во время общения. Путем выявления связанных ключевых моментов и различных подходов эта статья направлена на сравнение английского и узбекского языков. Каждый язык имеет свои соответствующие правила лингвистики, мы собираемся определить сравнивающие и противопоставляющие подходы обоих языков посредством поиска грамматических теорий и ясных примеров, и это позволит нам понять основную гипотезу английского и узбекского языков. Ключевые слова: предложение, повествовательное, вопросительное, восклицательное, повелительное Grammar is vital for producing clear and accurate forms of speech in any language. Because grammar allows language learners to foster their knowledge about how to formulate sentences via using fixed rules and structures. Educating grammar is not crucial only for speaking and writing for example, learning grammar about types of sentences according to the aim of speaker helps learners to improve better contextual comparison as it aims to express various emotions of the speakers which is considered to be useful to boost reading skills. In this INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 52 article we will take into consideration some differences and similarities of sentences according to the aim of speaker with grammatical approaches in two languages: English and Uzbek. According to the criterion of the aim of the speaker sentences fall under declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory. 1 When it comes to Uzbek language it is classified as darak (declarative), so’roq (interrogative), buyruq-istak (imperative), his-hayajon or undov (exclamatory). 2 … Everyone in this country spokes Arabic. 3 …Tijorat bilan Xurosondan arab diyorlariga, Shomga qatnaganida o’z uyida turardi. 4 The declarative sentences may be called basic type because the rest are the results of kernel sentences (which are affirmative in their origin) 5 and the former can be realized by intonation which is visible from the given examples above. Both sentences in English and Uzbek expresses complete meaning, provides information and reports about the exact situation. Another difference is word order. As we see from examples which are mentioned above English typically uses SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) structure in contrast, sentences in Uzbek are structured as SOV (SubjectObject-Verb) as a result it creates divergent translation in both languages. …How do I get to Egypt? 6 …Kam uyqulik omad kalitimi? 7 Both languages use interrogative sentences for requesting information, however there are some differences such as in English we use auxiliary verbs and special questions in order to make interrogative sentences while in Uzbek language we mostly utilize suffixes like – mi, -chi, -a, -ya. 8 It is crucial to take into account how sociolinguistic and pragmatic elements affect the construction and interpretation of these structures in both Uzbek and English when assessing sentence types based on the speaker's goal. 9 Despite the rather rigid grammatical classification, real usage often displays fluid patterns influenced by communicative settings, stylistic intents, and cultural conventions. Pragmatic force, which describes how speakers employ various sentence structures to indicate politeness, authority, or emotional complexity in addition to a literal message, is one of the key factors to take into account. For example, modal verbs, which serve as courteous commands but structurally resemble interrogatives, can soften imperative phrases in English (e.g., "Could you open the window?"). In contrast, Uzbek frequently uses intonation and word indicators, like "Iltimos, derazani oching," to modify the degree of politeness. This demonstrates that the inclusion of iltimos (please) performs a vital pragmatic role even though the sentence is still imperative. 10 Therefore, even if the sentence categories used in both languages are identical, the ways in which politeness is expressed are very different. Intonation is another crucial factor that determines the speaker's communication aim. Rising and falling intonation patterns are crucial for differentiating statements from inquiries and expressing 1 Irisqulov A. T. Theoretical grammar of English. T.: “Nashriyot”, 2006. 2 Erkaboyeva N. O’zbek tilidan ma’ruzalar to’plami. T.: “LESSON PRESS”, 2014. 3 Coelho P. Alchemist. T: “Ilm-Ziyo-Zakovat”, 2019. 4 Xolmuhammad o’g’li A. T: “Ilm-Ziyo-Zakovat”, 2021 5 Irisqulov A. T. Theoretical grammar of English. T.: “Nashriyot”, 2006. 6 Coelho P. Alchemist. T: “Ilm-Ziyo-Zakovat”, 2019. 7 Xolmuhammad o’g’li A. T: “Ilm-Ziyo-Zakovat”, 2021 8 Erkaboyeva N. O’zbek tilidan ma’ruzalar to’plami. T.: “LESSON PRESS”, 2014. 9 Fromkin V., Rodman R., Hyams N. An Introduction to Language. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2018 10 Abduazizov A. Hozirgi O‘zbek Adabiy Tili. Sintaksis. Toshkent: Fan, 2010. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 53 emphasis in English. For instance, the phrase "You're coming" can be transformed into a risingtoned question: "You're coming?" However, in Uzbek, intonation and morphological markers are intimately related, particularly in interrogative phrases. Particles like -mi and -chi already indicate the query, therefore intonation is a supporting rather than determining factor. This demonstrates how prosody and grammatical morphology work differently in each language to produce communication clarity. Additionally, there are some intriguing contrasts in the domain of exclamatory sentences. While Uzbek frequently utilizes terms like "Qarang!" or "Voy!" or "Nahotki!" and largely depends on context and emotional intensity, English usually makes exclamations with structures starting with What or How (e.g., "What a beautiful day!"). Both languages use exclamatory sentences to convey powerful emotions, although their stylistic tendencies are affected by literary and cultural traditions. To sum up, both English and Uzbek languages have the common purpose of sentence types such as giving the information, requesting, order or commands, emotions however, they vary with specific approaches due to the fact that English and Uzbek belongs to various language family which means they rely on distinguishable theories of linguistics. In conclusion, a comparison of English and Uzbek sentence types reveals a complex interaction of morphology, intonation, pragmatics, and cultural norms that goes beyond the basic grammatical classification. These extra elements show that although both languages employ declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory forms to achieve comparable communicative goals, their approaches differ greatly. For linguists as well as language learners who want a deeper understanding of how meaning is created and interpreted in various linguistic systems, it is crucial to comprehend these subtleties. REFERENCES 1. Irisqulov A. T. Theoretical grammar of English. T.: “Nashriyot”, 2006, 64 p 2. Erkaboyeva N. O’zbek tilidan ma’ruzalar to’plami. T.: “LESSON PRESS”, 2014, 544 p 3. Coelho P. Alchemist. T: “Ilm-Ziyo-Zakovat”, 2019, 130 p 4. Xolmuhammad o’g’li A. T: “Ilm-Ziyo-Zakovat”, 2021, 160 p 5. Fromkin V., Rodman R., Hyams N. An Introduction to Language. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2018, 624 p. 6. Abduazizov A. Hozirgi O‘zbek Adabiy Tili. Sintaksis. Toshkent: Fan, 2010, 320 p.